Journal articles: 'Monolayer structure'

1

Kajiyama, Tisato. "Novel Concepts of the Aggregation Structure of Organic Monolayers on the Surface of Water." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 6 (June 1995): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400036952.

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Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films have been applied to molecular electronics, nonlinear optics, and biosensors. Their useful properties can be accessed by using a defect-free monolayer—the precursor of LB films. In order to prepare a defect-free or defect-diminished monolayer, it is necessary to estimate the molecular arrangements and structural defects in the monolayer. The actual structure of monolayers on the surface of water have been proposed on the basis of recent morphological and structural studies. Molecular-aggregation processes or monolayer-formation processes do not always match the general concept concluded from surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms. Therefore, a universal understanding has not been reached. Here we present a novel and systematic classification for the aggregation structure of monolayers on the water surface and also demonstrate how to prepare defect-diminished monolayers.

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Kazak, Alexandr, Margarita Marchenkova, Antonina Smirnova, Tatiana Dubinina, Alexey Seregin, Alexandr Rogachev, and Nadezhda Usol'tseva. "Thin-film materials based on phthalocyanine derivatives: structure and physico-chemical properties." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193008006.

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In order to establish the effect of the molecular structure of mix-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives on its supramolecular organization in thin-films, the floating layers of three A3B-type phthalocyanine derivatives were obtained. Their supramolecular organization was determined and it was found that the studied compounds form homogeneous stable floating layers on the water surface. Structure parameters of floating layers depend both on the length of aliphatic substituents (R = CnH2n+1) and the metal complexing agent. Ligands I and II form stable monolayer structures, which the layer packing periods increase with the elongation of aliphatic substituents: the lattice parameter (d) is 1.93 and 2.3 nm for ligands I (n = 6) and II (n = 8), correspondingly. During further compression of the formed monolayers, ligands I and II form stable bilayers, in which the arrangement of molecules remains similar to the structure of the previous monolayers. These bilayers contain minor inclusions of 3D aggregates. Metal complex III forms only stable monolayer (d = 2.06 nm), upon further compression of which 3D- aggregates included in the monolayer are formed.

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Martínez, Hector, Enrique Chacón, Pedro Tarazona, and Fernando Bresme. "The intrinsic interfacial structure of ionic surfactant monolayers at water–oil and water–vapour interfaces." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2131 (February 16, 2011): 1939–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0516.

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Using computer simulations, we investigate the interfacial structure of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) monolayers adsorbed at the water surface and water–oil interfaces. Using an algorithm that removes the averaging effect of the capillary waves, we obtain a detailed view of the solvation structure of water around the monolayer. We investigate surface concentrations between 45 and 33 Å 2 per surfactant, which are near experimental conditions corresponding to the critical micellar concentration and the formation of Newton black films. The surfactants induce a layering structure in water, which disappears at approximately 1 nm from the monolayer plane. The water molecules exhibit a preferred orientation with the dipoles pointing towards the monolayer. The orientational order decays slowly, but it does not influence the hydrogen bond structure of water, which is significantly disrupted in the interfacial region only. These structural changes are qualitatively the same in SDS–water and oil–SDS–water interfaces. In the latter case, we find a small degree of penetration of oil in the monolayer (between 0.2 and 0.25 molecules per SDS). This small penetration has a measurable effect on the monolayer, which increases its thickness by approximately 10 per cent. The bending modulus of the SDS monolayers is of the order of the thermal energy, k B T .

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Herr, Brian R., and Chad A. Mirkin. "Self-Assembled Monolayers of Ferrocenylazobenzenes: Monolayer Structure vs Response." Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 3 (February 1994): 1157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00082a058.

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Zhang, Bo, Tomas Mikysek, Veronika Cicmancova, Stanislav Slang, Roman Svoboda, Petr Kutalek, and Tomas Wagner. "2D GeSe2 amorphous monolayer." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 11 (November 26, 2019): 1787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0501.

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Abstract In this paper, GeSe2 thin film and glass ingot were prepared in a layered structure. Subsequently, the 2D amorphous monolayers were achieved from layered thin film and layered glass ingot. The thicknesses of monolayers from thin film range from 1.5 nm to 5 nm. And the thickness of monolayer from glass ingot is 7 μm. The fast cooling of material results in the formation of self-assembled monolayers. In the case of thin film, layers are connected with “bridge”. After doping of Ag, the precipitation of nano particles exfoliates the adjacent monolayers which can be further dispersed by etching of Ag particles. In the case of glass ingot, the composition changes at 1 % between adjacent monolayers, according to EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) spectra. And the glass 2D monolayer can be mechanically peeled off from the glass ingot.

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Dabkowska, A. P., D. J. Barlow, A. V. Hughes, R. A. Campbell, P. J. Quinn, and M. J. Lawrence. "The effect of neutral helper lipids on the structure of cationic lipid monolayers." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 68 (August 10, 2011): 548–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0356.

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Successful drug delivery via lipid-based systems has often been aided by the incorporation of ‘helper lipids’. While these neutral lipids enhance the effectiveness of cationic lipid-based delivery formulations, many questions remain about the nature of their beneficial effects. The structure of monolayers of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB) alone, and mixed with a neutral helper lipid, either diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine or cholesterol at a 1 : 1 molar ratio was investigated at the air–water interface using a combination of surface pressure–area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and specular neutron reflectivity in combination with contrast variation. BAM studies showed that while pure DODAB and DODAB with cholesterol monolayers showed fairly homogeneous surfaces, except in the regions of phase transition, monolayers of DODAB with diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine were, in contrast, inhomogeneous exhibiting irregular bean-shaped domains throughout. Neutron reflectivity data showed that while the thickness of the DODAB monolayer increased from 17 to 24 Å as it was compressed from a surface pressure of 5–40 mN m −1 , the thickness of the helper lipid-containing monolayers, over the same range of surface pressures, was relatively invariant at between 25 and 27 Å. In addition, the monolayers containing diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine were found to be more heavily hydrated than the monolayers of cationic lipid, alone or in combination with cholesterol, with hydration levels of 18 molecules of water per molecule of lipid being recorded for the diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine-containing monolayers at a surface pressure of 30 mN m −1 compared with only six and eight molecules of water per molecule of lipid for the pure DODAB monolayer and the cholesterol-containing DODAB monolayer, respectively.

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Somorjai, G. A., and U. Starke. "Monolayer surface structure analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 64, no. 4 (January 1, 1992): 509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199264040509.

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8

Голубев, О. Л. "Некоторые особенности конденсации атомов кремния на поверхности монокристалла вольфрама." Журнал технической физики 90, no. 3 (2020): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.03.48933.283-19.

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Using the methods of the field emission microscopy, the condensation of Si on the W surface at various temperatures T of the substrate and numbers n of monoatomic layers of the deposited condensate is studied. At low temperatures T ~ 600 K, a low-temperature Si-monolayer with the structure of pure W is formed on the surface, whereas another structure of a high-temperature monolayer, namely surface siliside is formed at T > 1000 K. The low-temperature monolayer and surface siliside are differ in their orienting effect when constructing the Si layers. In the case of condensation on a low-temperature monolayer, crystallites of Si are formed starting already from the third monolayer at n > 3, whereas the Si crystallites grow during the condensation on surface siliside starting from n > 300 monolayers. The energy activation of the volume diffusion Qdif of the Si-atoms into W and desorption Qdes from W surface are determined.

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9

Zhou, Yuan, Xiao Fang Bi, Jia Xiang Shang, and Hui Bin Xu. "Study of Electronic Structure In Ni₃Fe/Al₂O₃/Ni₃Fe Magnetic Tunnel Junction with Various Ferromagnetic Layer Thicknesses." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3909.

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A series models of Ni3Fe/Al2O3/Ni3Fe magnetic tunnel junction with Al-terminated interfaces have been established for investigating the influence of ferromagnetic layer thickness on the electronic structure, employing first-principle methods based on local spin-density approximation theory. The spin polarization of the interfacial Ni3Fe monolayer shows a maximum value as the thickness of ferromagnetic layer increases. The Al monolayers at the ferromagnetic/insulating interface and the O monolayer in the interior of insulating layer are also studied in terms of the change of spin polarization with the ferromagnetic layer thickness. In addition, we have found that the structure of Ni3Fe monolayer has a great influence on the spin polarization.

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10

Razinkov, Vladimir I., Grigory B. Melikyan, Richard M. Epand, Raquel F. Epand, and Fredric S. Cohen. "Effects of Spontaneous Bilayer Curvature on Influenza Virus–mediated Fusion Pores." Journal of General Physiology 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.4.409.

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Cells expressing the hemagglutinin protein of influenza virus were fused to planar bilayer membranes containing the fluorescent lipid probes octadecylrhodamine (R18) or indocarbocyanine (DiI) to investigate whether spontaneous curvature of each monolayer of a target membrane affects the growth of fusion pores. R18 and DiI lowered the transition temperatures for formation of an inverted hexagonal phase, indicating that these probes facilitate the formation of negative curvature structures. The probes are known to translocate from one monolayer of a bilayer membrane to the other in a voltage-dependent manner. The spontaneous curvature of the cis monolayer (facing the cells) or the trans monolayer could therefore be made more negative through control of the polarity of voltage across the planar membrane. Electrical admittance measurements showed that the open times of flickering fusion pores were shorter when probes were in trans monolayers and longer when in cis monolayers compared with times when probe was symmetrically distributed. Open times were the same for probe symmetrically distributed as when probes were not present. Thus, open times were a function of the asymmetry of the spontaneous curvature between the trans and cis monolayers. Enriching the cis monolayer with a negative curvature probe reduced the probability that a small pore would fully enlarge, whereas enriching the trans monolayer promoted enlargement. Lysophosphatidylcholine has positive spontaneous curvature and does not translocate. When lysophosphatidylcholine was placed in trans leaflets of planar membranes, closing of fusion pores was rare. The effects of the negative and positive spontaneous curvature probes do not support the hypothesis that a flickering pore closes from an open state within a hemifusion diaphragm (essentially a “flat” structure). Rather, such effects support the hypothesis that the membrane surrounding the open pore forms a three-dimensional hourglass shape from which the pore flickers shut.

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11

Hecht, G., B. Robinson, and A. Koutsouris. "Reversible disassembly of an intestinal epithelial monolayer by prolonged exposure to phorbol ester." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 266, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): G214—G221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.2.g214.

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This article describes a model of reversible disassembly of a cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayer by prolonged exposure to the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Prolonged phorbol ester exposure reduces protein kinase C (PKC) levels in numerous cell types including T84, as shown here. Under PKC-downregulated conditions, T84 monolayers, which simulate the highly organized structure of native intestinal crypt cells, become disassembled into 2 or 3 layers of rounded cells. Proliferation does not account for these morphological changes as assessed by thymidine incorporation studies. The effects of structural disorganization on epithelial barrier function was also examined. The permeability of disassembled monolayers was significantly greater than that of controls. Flux studies localized the permeability defect to the tight junction. PKC-associated alterations in the perijunctional ring of actin and myosin, one of the putative regulators of flow across the tight junction, were found to correlate with the observed functional changes. Most interesting was the fact that monolayer reassembly to the original columnar epithelial phenotype and reestablishment of barrier function occurred upon normalization of PKC levels. This model of reversible monolayer disassembly will allow investigation into the relationship between epithelial structure and function and examination of factors that govern monolayer formation.

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12

Şologan, Maria, Cristina Cantarutti, Silvia Bidoggia, Stefano Polizzi, Paolo Pengo, and Lucia Pasquato. "Routes to the preparation of mixed monolayers of fluorinated and hydrogenated alkanethiolates grafted on the surface of gold nanoparticles." Faraday Discussions 191 (2016): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00016a.

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The use of binary blends of hydrogenated and fluorinated alkanethiolates represents an interesting approach to the construction of anisotropic hybrid organic–inorganic nanoparticles since the fluorinated and hydrogenated components are expected to self-sort on the nanoparticle surface because of their reciprocal phobicity. These mixed monolayers are therefore strongly non-ideal binary systems. The synthetic routes we explored to achieve mixed monolayer gold nanoparticles displaying hydrogenated and fluorinated ligands clearly show that the final monolayer composition is a non-linear function of the initial reaction mixture. Our data suggest that, under certain geometrical constraints, nucleation and growth of fluorinated domains could be the initial event in the formation of these mixed monolayers. The onset of domain formation depends on the structure of the fluorinated and hydrogenated species. The solubility of the mixed monolayer nanoparticles displayed a marked discontinuity as a function of the monolayer composition. When the fluorinated component content is small, the nanoparticle systems are fully soluble in chloroform, at intermediate content the nanoparticles become soluble in hexane and eventually they become soluble in fluorinated solvents only. The ranges of monolayer compositions in which the solubility transitions are observed depend on the nature of the thiols composing the monolayer.

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13

Oshiro, Tammy, Arnie Backstrom, Ann-Marie Cumberlidge, K. W. Hipps, Ursula Mazur, S. P. Pevovar, D. F. Bahr, and Joanne Smieja. "Nanomechanical properties of ordered phthalocyanine Langmuir–Blodgett layers." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 5 (May 2004): 1461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0195.

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The mechanical properties of monolayer and multilayer structures of several symmetrically substituted alkoxy copper phthalocyanine, CuPc(OR)8, Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were evaluated. One-dimensional compliance of the monolayers was determined from the slopes of the surface pressure–area isotherms. Multilayers were examined using a SPM and a commercial nanoindentation system. The nanomechanical studies show a distinct relationship between the position and length of alkoxy substituents on the Pc macrocycle and the LB film elasticity and hardness. The phthalocyanine complexes with peripheral octabutoxy and octaoctyloxy substituents form stiff LB monolayers and multilayers. The nonperipheral alkoxy derivetized CuPc films were less stiff. For monolayer films, it appears that the extent of π-π interaction determines the strength of the film. In multilayers, significant additional stability can be imparted through interdigitation of long paraffinic chains which play a significant role in determining the interlayer structure of the LB layers.

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HITCHCOCK, A. P., T. TYLISZCZAK, P. BRODERSEN, Z. H. LU, and M. W. C. DHARMA-WARDANA. "STRUCTURE OF CHEMICALLY PREPARED PASSIVATION LAYERS ON SINGLE CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 06 (December 1999): 1109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99001232.

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Monolayers of S and Cl have useful passivation properties for group IV and III–V semiconductor surfaces. The structures of Ge(111)–Cl; GaAs(111)–Cl; GaAs(111)A–S, GaAs(111)B–S and GaAs(001)–S monolayer-passivated single crystal semiconductor surfaces have been studied using synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS). The near edge and extended fine structure signals are interpreted using comparisons to multiple scattering XAFS calculations and, in the cases of Ge(111)–Cl and GaAs(111)–Cl, comparison to first-principles calculations. Relationships between the surface structure and the development of improved passivated surfaces are discussed.

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Hu, Yao Bo, Fu Sheng Pan, and Jing Feng Wang. "Selective Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Thin Film on Glass Monolayers by Impregnating Method." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.147.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film was fabricated on the surface of glass monolayers at room temperature, using KH-550 as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The TiO2 gel precursor was characterized with differential scanning calorimetry – thermogravimetry (DSC-TG), and the TiO2 powder was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TiO2 thin film was tested with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). With the application of atomic force microscope (AFM) the surface topography of siloxane layer and TiO2 film were studied. Their hydrophilicities were measured. The transmittance of TiO2 film was detected by using dual beam ultraviolet - visible spectrophotometer. The results show that the TiO2 thin film is in monolayer with nanometer level, the deposition is the anatase structure. TiO2 is deposited on the surface instead of channel or gap of siloxane, the hydrophilicities of TiO2 monolayer film are perfect, and TiO2 monolayer film has a good transmissivity in the visible light area.

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Carrascosa-Tejedor, Javier, Andreas Santamaria, Daniel Pereira, and Armando Maestro. "Structure of DPPC Monolayers at the Air/Buffer Interface: A Neutron Reflectometry and Ellipsometry Study." Coatings 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060507.

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Langmuir monolayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine, known as DPPC, at the air/water interface are extensively used as model systems of biomembranes and pulmonary surfactant. The properties of these monolayers have been mainly investigated by surface pressure–area isotherms coupled with different complementary techniques such as Brewster angle microscopy, for example. Several attempts using neutron reflectometry (NR) or ellipsometry have also appeared in the literature. Here, we report structural information obtained by using NR and ellipsometry on DPPC monolayers in the liquid condensed phase. On one side, NR can resolve the thickness of the aliphatic tails and the degree of hydration of the polar headgroups. On the other side, ellipsometry gives information on the refractive index and, therefore, on the physical state of the monolayer. The thickness and surface excess obtained by multiple-angle-of-incidence ellipsometry (MAIE) is compared with the results from NR measurements yielding a good agreement. Besides, a novel approach is reported to calculate the optical anisotropy of the DPPC monolayer that depends on the orientation of the aliphatic chains. The results from both NR and ellipsometry are also discussed in the context of the existing results for DPPC monolayers at the air/water interface. The differences observed are rationalized by the presence of buffer molecules interacting with phospholipids.

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Pak, Sangyeon, Jungmoon Lim, John Hong, and SeungNam Cha. "Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Surface Functionalized MoS2 Monolayers." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010070.

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Monolayered, semiconducting MoS2 and their transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) families are promising and low-cost materials for hydrogen generation through electrolytes (HER, hydrogen evolution reaction) due to their high activities and electrochemical stability during the reaction. However, there is still a lack of understanding in identifying the underlying mechanism responsible for improving the electrocatalytic properties of theses monolayers. In this work, we investigated the significance of controlling carrier densities in a MoS2 monolayer and in turn the corresponding electrocatalytic behaviors in relation to the energy band structure of MoS2. Surface functionalization was employed to achieve p-doping and n-doping in the MoS2 monolayer that led to MoS2 electrochemical devices with different catalytic performances. Specifically, the electron-rich MoS2 surface showed lower overpotential and Tafel slope compared to the MoS2 with surface functional groups that contributed to p-doping. We attributed such enhancement to the increase in the carrier density and the corresponding Fermi level that accelerated HER and charge transfer kinetics. These findings are of high importance in designing electrocatalysts based on two-dimensional TMDCs.

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18

NICKLIN, C. L., C. NORRIS, C. BINNS, N. JONES, J. ALVAREZ, and X. TORRELLES. "THE GROWTH AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF THALLIUM ON COPPER(001)." Surface Review and Letters 04, no. 06 (December 1997): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x97001528.

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We report a determination of the room temperature growth and atomic structure of ultrathin films of thallium on copper(001) using surface X-ray diffraction. The results show clearly that the growth is layerwise up to two monolayers and islanded thereafter. This is contrary to earlier reports which suggested that the islanding commenced at one monolayer. The first submonolayer structure to appear is a c(4×4) arrangement. Reflectivity scans suggest that there is significant reordering of the substrate at this coverage.

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Berwanger, Mailing, Rajeev Ahuja, and Paulo Cesar Piquini. "HfS2 and TiS2 Monolayers with Adsorbed C, N, P Atoms: A First Principles Study." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010094.

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First principles density functional theory was used to study the energetic, structural, and electronic properties of HfS 2 and TiS 2 materials in their bulk, pristine monolayer, as well as in the monolayer structure with the adsorbed C, N, and P atoms. It is shown that the HfS 2 monolayer remains a semiconductor while TiS 2 changes from semiconductor to metallic behavior after the atomic adsorption. The interaction with the external atoms introduces localized levels inside the band gap of the pristine monolayers, significantly altering their electronic properties, with important consequences on the practical use of these materials in real devices. These results emphasize the importance of considering the interaction of these 2D materials with common external atomic or molecular species.

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20

Harismah, Kun, Mahmoud Mirzaei, and Reza Moradi. "DFT Studies of Single Lithium Adsorption on Coronene." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 73, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2017-0458.

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AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the adsorption of neutral and cationic forms of single lithium (Li) on representative original and each of oxygen/sulfur-terminated coronene monolayer surfaces. First, the monolayers of coronene structures were prepared. Next, Li/Li+ adsorptions were investigated on the surfaces of the already optimised coronene models. The results indicate that the singular coronene models can be considered as appropriate surfaces for Li/Li+ adsorption, with stronger Li+ adsorption. Localisations of LI/Li+ species were carefully examined at the central carbon zone of the monolayer surface; however, only one model showed discrepancy by getting localised at the monolayer edge. Energy levels and distribution patters for the molecular orbitals indicate the effects of atomic terminations and Li/Li+ adsorptions, in which the singular and Li+-adsorbed models reveal identical results. Atomic-scale nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) properties were also evaluated, with the results indicating that the atomic properties can determine the major electronic properties for applying the coronene structure for specific applications.

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21

Ohnishi, Satomi, Koji Abe, and Masakatsu Hato. "Structure-Dependent Wettability of Hydrophobic Monolayer." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 294, no. 1 (March 1997): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259708032257.

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22

Nekrasov, I. A., N. S. Pavlov, M. V. Sadovskii, and A. A. Slobodchikov. "Electronic structure of FeSe monolayer superconductors." Low Temperature Physics 42, no. 10 (October 2016): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4965892.

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23

Lin, X., X. K. Wang, V. P. Dravid, J. B. Ketterson, and R. P. H. Chang. "Characterization of a monolayer graphitic structure." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100171535.

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For small curvatures of a graphitic sheet, carbon atoms can maintain their preferred sp2 bonding while allowing the sheet to have various three-dimensional geometries, which may have exotic structural and electronic properties. In addition the fivefold rings will lead to a positive Gaussian curvature in the hexagonal network, and the sevenfold rings cause a negative one. By combining these sevenfold and fivefold rings with sixfold rings, it is possible to construct complicated carbon sp2 networks. Because it is much easier to introduce pentagons and heptagons into the single-layer hexagonal network than into the multilayer network, the complicated morphologies would be more common in the single-layer graphite structures. In this contribution, we report the observation and characterization of a new material of monolayer graphitic structure by electron diffraction, HREM, EELS.The synthesis process used in this study is reported early. We utilized a composite anode of graphite and copper for arc evaporation in helium.

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ELMERS, HANS-JOACHIM. "FERROMAGNETIC MONOLAYERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 09, no. 24 (October 30, 1995): 3115–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979295001191.

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The ferromagnetic properties of ultrathin films grown on non-magnetic substrates provide interesting new insights into the physics of magnetism. In this report we review experiments in the very low coverage regime (Θ < 2 atomic layers). The Fe monolayer on W plays an outstanding role, because it forms a ferromagnetic and thermodynamically stable monolayer. Ferromagnetic Fe monolayers on W can be prepared with a high degree of perfection. We therefore focus on ultrathin Fe films on W(110) and W(100) substrates. Experimental results for these in-plane magnetized films, prepared as close as possible to 2-dimensional structures of perfect translational symmetry, are compared with appropriate theoretical models, We also discuss experimental results for the perpendicularly magnetized Co monolayer on Cu(111). The symmetry of the magnetic anisotropy is found to play an important role for the understanding of the magnetic phase transition in 2 dimensions. A new aspect is provided by finite size effects resulting from the morphology of magnetic ultrathin films. Microscopy with atomic resolution allows a systematic approach to the understanding of these finite size effects. Starting from the well-known magnetic properties of the extended Fe monolayer on W(110), we focus on ultrathin Fe films on W(110) deviating from the nearly perfect structure.

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Dong, Sha, and Zhiguo Wang. "Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe2(1− x )S2 x by mechanical strain." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (June 18, 2018): 1820–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.173.

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Exploring efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production with non-noble metals and earth-abundant elements is a promising pathway for achieving practical electrochemical water splitting. In this work, the electronic properties and catalytic activity of monolayer SnSe2(1− x )S2 x (x = 0–1) under compressive and tensile strain were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) computations. The results showed SnSe2(1− x )S2 x alloys with continuously changing bandgaps from 0.8 eV for SnSe2 to 1.59 eV for SnS2. The band structure of a SnSe2(1− x )S2 x monolayer can be further tuned by applied compressive and tensile strain. Moreover, tensile strain provides a direct approach to improve the catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the basal plane of the SnSe2(1− x )S2 x monolayer. SnSeS and SnSe0.5S1.5 monolayers showed the best catalytic activity for HER at a tensile strain of 10%. This work provides a design for improved catalytic activity of the SnSe2(1- x )S2 x monolayer.

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Xiang, Jinglei, and Lawrence T. Drzal. "Thermal Conductivity of a Monolayer of Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets Prepared by Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Self-Assembly." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/481753.

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A monolayer film composed of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnPs) was extracted from a chloroform-water interface and supported on a glass substrate. The nanoplatelets are interconnected at the edges without overlapping forming a very densely packed structure with uniform thickness. Micro-Raman spectroscopy with a 50 mW 532 nm laser generating heat at the center of a xGnP sample was used to probe the thermal conductivity of the xGnP monolayer at different power levels. The Raman G peak shift of graphite was used to record the local temperature rise in the monolayer. The cross-sectional area of heat conduction is determined by the thickness of individual nanoplatelets. A UV-Vis spectrometer was used to measure the absorption of light by the monolayer. Depending on the interface density, the thermal conductivities are around 380 W/m K and 290 W/m K for monolayers with average particle size of 10 μm and 5 μm, respectively.

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Han, Xiao, Fan-Shun Meng, Xiao-Jie Yan, and Hui Zhang. "Strain-tunable electronic structure of two-dimensional monolayer SiP." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 24 (July 20, 2021): 2150404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921504042.

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The 2D monolayer [Formula: see text]-SiP has a honeycomb lattice and an intrinsic indirect band gap. Herein, the density functional theory calculations are performed to modulate the electronic structure of 2D monolayer [Formula: see text]-SiP by applying strains. The band gap of monolayer [Formula: see text]-SiP is monotonously reduced by the strains. More interestingly, a direct band gap is more likely to be achieved by applying strains along the armchair direction than along the zigzag direction. Finally, 2D monolayer [Formula: see text]-SiP can possess a tunable direct band gap of 1.57–0.73 eV (HSE06) and considerable visible light absorption index, by applying compression strains of −6–−10% along the armchair direction. The work provides a route of modulating the electronic and optical properties of monolayer [Formula: see text]-SiP, which extends its application range for various fields such as electronic devices and solar energy conversion.

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Chen, Jun, Gyeonghee Ryu, and Jamie Warner. "Atomic Structure and Dynamics of Defects and Grain Boundaries in 2D Pd2Se3 Monolayers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, S2 (July 30, 2020): 1636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927620018802.

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AbstractStructural imperfections of 2D crystals such as point vacancies and grain boundaries (GBs) have considerable impacts on their chemical-physical properties. Here we study the atomic structure and dynamics of defects and GBs in monolayer Pd2Se3 using annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM). The Pd2Se3 monolayers are reproducibly created by thermally induced phase transformation of few-layered PdSe2 films in an in-situ heating holder in the TEM to promote Se loss. Diverse point vacancies, one-dimensional (1D) defects, GBs and defect ring complexes are directly observed in monolayer Pd2Se3, which show a series of dynamics triggered by electron beam. High mobility of vacancies leads to self-healing of point vacancies by migration to the edge and subsequent edge etching under the beam. Specific defects are stabilized by Se–Se bonds, which shift in a staggered way to buffer strain, forming a wave-like 1D defect. Bond rotations are also observed and play an important role in defect and GB dynamics in Pd2Se3 during vacancy production. The GBs form in a meandering pathway and migrate by a sequence of Se–Se bond rotations without large scale vacancy formation. In the GB corners and tilted GBs, other highly symmetric vacancy defects also occur to adapt to the orientation change. These results give atomic level insights into the defects and GBs in Pd2Se3 2D monolayers.

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29

DE COSS, R. "ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF STRAINED VANADIUM OVERLAYERS ON W(100) AND Ta(100)." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 04 (August 1996): 1505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96002503.

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We study the role of hybridization and overlayer–substrate lattice mismatch in determining the surface electronic structure of strained V monolayers and bilayers on W(100) and Ta(100). The local density of states is calculated in the tight-binding approximation within the surface-Green-function-matching formalism. For one monolayer of V on W(100) and Ta(100), the strong monolayer–substrate 3d–5d hybridization determines the features of the surface local density of states, with essentially no differences between 1V/W(100) and 1V/Ta(100). For the bilayer we find that the electronic structure of the topmost layer depends strongly on the lattice mismatch between overlayer and substrate. In particular, we find that the surface local density of states at the Fermi level in 2V/Ta(100) is 69% higher than in 1V/Ta(100); the lattice mismatch between bulk constants of V and Ta is 9.0%. These results indicate that strain induces strong band narrowing in vanadium overlayers on transition metals, despite the large overlayer–substrate hybridization, but depends critically on the film thickness.

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Pradeep, T., and N. Sandhyarani. "Structure and dynamics of monolayers on planar and cluster surfaces." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 9 (January 1, 2002): 1593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274091593.

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Organized molecular assemblies have been one of the intensely pursued areas of contemporary chemistry. Among the various methodologies used to make organized monolayer structures, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been attractive to many materials chemists owing to the simplicity of the preparative method and high stability. Advances in various techniques and their application in the study of SAMs have significantly improved our understanding of these molecular systems. These studies have been further intensified since the successful preparation of stable metal clusters protected with monolayers. This article reviews the structure, temperature-induced phase transitions, and associated dynamics of monolayers, principally in the context of our own work in this area. Alkanethiols on Au(111) and Ag(111) are taken as archetypal systems to discuss the properties of 2D SAMs; studies from our laboratory have been on evaporated thin films. Alkanethiols on Au and Ag cluster surfaces are taken as examples of 3D SAMs. Although our principal focus will be on alkanethiols, we will touch upon a few other adsorbate systems as well.

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31

Li, Si-Hua, Cui-E. Hu, Xiao-Lu Wang, and Yan Cheng. "First-Principles Study of Structure, Elastic Properties, and Thermal Conductivity of Monolayer Calcium Hydrobromide." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2021 (February 17, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6619252.

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In recent years, some laboratories have been able to prepare calcium hydrobromide (CaHBr) by melting hydride and anhydrous bromide or metal and bromide in a hydrogen atmosphere at 900°C and have studied some of its properties. But there are few theoretical studies, especially the theoretical studies of monolayer CaHBr. We use the first-principles method to calculate the structure, elastic properties, and lattice thermal conductivity of the monolayer CaHBr based on the Boltzmann transport equation. We obtain a stable crystal structure by the optimization of monolayer CaHBr. By calculating the elastic constant of monolayer CaHBr, its mechanical stability is proved, and the elastic limit of monolayer CaHBr is obtained by biaxial tensile strain on monolayer CaHBr. And the corresponding phonon spectra show no imaginary frequency, indicating the dynamic stability of the monolayer CaHBr. By the ShengBTE code, we calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of the monolayer CaHBr, the iterative solution of BTE and RTA at 300 K–1200 K is obtained, and the lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature is κ ι BTE = 2.469 W / m ⋅ K and κ ι RTA = 2.201 W / m ⋅ K , respectively. It can be seen that the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer CaHBr is low. And by analyzing the phonon spectrum, the scattering rate, and the mean free path of the phonons, the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer CaHBr mainly depends on the acoustic modes. We hope this study can provide theoretical guidance for the experiments and practical application of monolayer CaHBr.

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32

Black, Jana E., Andrew Z. Summers, Christopher R. Iacovella, Peter T. Cummings, and Clare McCabe. "Investigation of the Impact of Cross-Polymerization on the Structural and Frictional Properties of Alkylsilane Monolayers Using Molecular Simulation." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040639.

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Cross-linked chemisorbed n-alkylsilane (CH3(CH2)n−1Si(OH)3) monolayers on amorphous silica surfaces have been studied and their structural properties and frictional performance were compared to those of equivalent monolayers without cross-linkages. The simulations isolated for the first time the effects of both siloxane cross-linkages and the fraction of chains chemisorbed to the surface, providing insight into a longstanding fundamental question in the literature regarding molecular-level structure. The results demonstrate that both cross-linkages and the fraction of chemisorbed chains affect monolayer structure in small but measurable ways, particularly for monolayers constructed from short chains; however, these changes do not appear to have a significant impact on frictional performance.

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33

Jiang, Hui, Hua Wang, Jingtao Zhu, Chaofan Xue, Jiayi Zhang, Naxi Tian, and Aiguo Li. "Thickness-dependent structural characteristics for a sputtering-deposited chromium monolayer and Cr/C and Cr/Sc multilayers." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518005143.

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The interior structure, morphology and ligand surrounding of a sputtering-deposited chromium monolayer and Cr/C and Cr/Sc multilayers are determined by various hard X-ray techniques in order to reveal the growth characteristics of Cr-based thin films. A Cr monolayer presents a three-stage growth mode with sudden changes occurring at a layer thickness of ∼2 nm and beyond 6 nm. Cr-based multilayers are proven to have denser structures due to interfacial diffusion and layer growth mode. Cr/C and Cr/Sc multilayers have different interfacial widths resulting from asymmetry, degree of crystallinity and thermal stability. Cr/Sc multilayers present similar ligand surroundings to Cr foil, whereas Cr/C multilayers are similar to Cr monolayers. The aim of this study is to help understand the structural evolution regulationversuslayer thickness and to improve the deposition technology of Cr-based thin films, in particular for obtaining stable Cr-based multilayers with ultra-short periods.

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34

Pang, Liuqing, Yunxia Zhang, and Shengzhong (Frank) Liu. "Monolayer-by-monolayer growth of platinum films on complex carbon fiber paper structure." Applied Surface Science 407 (June 2017): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.144.

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35

Li Bai, Wu Tai-Quan, Wang Chen-Chao, and Jiang Ying. "Structure of BP3S monolayer on Au(111)." Acta Physica Sinica 65, no. 21 (2016): 216301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.65.216301.

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Wu Tai-Quan, Wang Xin-Yan, Jiao Zhi-Wei, Luo Hong-Lei, and Zhu Ping. "Structure of CO monolayer on Cu(100)." Acta Physica Sinica 62, no. 18 (2013): 186301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.62.186301.

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37

Wu, Taiquan, Xinyan Wang, Zhiwei Jiao, Honglei Luo, and Ping Zhu. "Structure of N2O monolayer on Ag surface." Vacuum 101 (March 2014): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2013.10.019.

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38

Wu, Taiquan, Dan Cao, Xinyan Wang, Zhiwei Jiao, Zhouting Jiang, Miaogen Chen, Honglei Luo, and Ping Zhu. "Structure of CO2 monolayer on KCl(100)." Applied Surface Science 339 (June 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.02.049.

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39

Kadantsev, Eugene S., and Pawel Hawrylak. "Electronic structure of a single MoS2 monolayer." Solid State Communications 152, no. 10 (May 2012): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2012.02.005.

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40

Aloni, S., V. Altoe, A. Katan, F. Martin, and M. Salmeron. "Mapping the Structure of an Organic Monolayer." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (July 2011): 1532–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611008531.

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41

Mrkyvkova, N., M. Hodas, J. Hagara, P. Nadazdy, Y. Halahovets, M. Bodik, K. Tokar, et al. "Diindenoperylene thin-film structure on MoS2 monolayer." Applied Physics Letters 114, no. 25 (June 24, 2019): 251906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5100282.

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42

Carrington, Mark, Anasuya Chattopadhyay, Mandy Crow, Maria Redpath, Christine Wasunna, and Helena Webb. "Structure and metabolism of the VSG monolayer." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): A477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst028a477a.

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43

Lomba, E., F. Lado, and J. J. Weis. "Structure and thermodynamics of a ferrofluid monolayer." Physical Review E 61, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 3838–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.61.3838.

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44

Choi, H., X. Yang, G. W. Mitchell, C. P. Collier, F. Wudl, and J. R. Heath. "The Structure of a Tetraazapentacene Molecular Monolayer." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106, no. 8 (February 2002): 1833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0155415.

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45

Thomas, Loji K., Angelika Kühnle, Sebastian Rode, Uwe Beginn, and Michael Reichling. "Monolayer Structure of Arachidic Acid on Graphite." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 44 (October 20, 2010): 18919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp105205y.

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46

Skvortsov, A. M., I. V. Pavlushkov, and A. A. Gorbunov. "Structure of monolayer of grafted polymer chains." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 30, no. 3 (January 1988): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(88)90081-0.

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47

Wu, Taiquan, Xinyan Wang, Hong Zhou, Honglei Luo, Zhiwei Jiao, and Ping Zhu. "Structure of benzenethiol monolayer on Pt(100)." Applied Surface Science 290 (January 2014): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.11.098.

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48

Zou, Daifeng, Chuanbin Yu, Yuhao Li, Yun Ou, and Yongyi Gao. "Pressure-induced enhancement in the thermoelectric properties of monolayer and bilayer SnSe 2." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171827.

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The electronic structures of monolayer and bilayer SnSe 2 under pressure were investigated by using first-principles calculations including van der Waals interactions. For monolayer SnSe 2 , the variation of electronic structure under pressure is controlled by pressure-dependent lattice parameters. For bilayer SnSe 2 , the changes in electronic structure under pressure are dominated by intralayer and interlayer atomic interactions. The n -type thermoelectric properties of monolayer and bilayer SnSe 2 under pressure were calculated on the basis of the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. It was found that the electrical conductivity of monolayer and bilayer SnSe 2 can be enhanced under pressure, and such dependence can be attributed to the pressure-induced changes of the Se–Sn antibonding states in conduction band. Finally, the doping dependence of power factors of n -type monolayer and bilayer SnSe 2 at three different pressures were estimated, and the results unveiled that thermoelectric performance of n -type monolayer and bilayer SnSe 2 can be improved by applying external pressure. This study benefits to understand the nature of the transport properties for monolayer and bilayer SnSe 2 under pressure, and it offers valuable insight for designing high-performance thermoelectric few-layered SnSe 2 through strain engineering induced by external pressure.

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49

Tao, Feng. "Nanoscale surface chemistry in self- and directed-assembly of organic molecules on solid surfaces and synthesis of nanostructured organic architectures." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880010045.

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This article briefly reviews the interplay of weak noncovalent interactions involved in the formation of self-assembled monolayers of organic molecules and the strong chemical binding in directed-assembly of organic molecules on solid surfaces. For a self-assembled monolayer, each molecule involves at least three categories of weak interactions, including molecule-substrate interactions, molecule-molecule interactions in a lamella, and molecule-molecule interactions between two adjacent lamellae. Basically, molecule-substrate interactions play a major role in determining molecular configuration. Molecule-molecule interactions, particularly the interactions of molecular ending functional groups between two adjacent lamellae, such as hydrogen bonds, play a dominant role in determining the molecular packing pattern in a monolayer. These weak interactions may induce or influence molecular chirality. This understanding at the atomic scale allows us to design 2D nanostructured organic materials via precisely manipulating these weak noncovalent interactions. Compared to the self-assembled monolayer formed via weak noncovalent interactions, the structure of directed-assembled monolayer/multilayers formed through strong chemical bonds is significantly dependent on the geometric arrangement and reactivity of active sites on the solid surface. In contrast to the significant role of weak intermolecular interactions in determining molecular packing in a self-assembled monolayer, strong chemical binding between molecules and reactive sites of a substrate plays a major role in determining the molecular packing pattern in a directed-assembly monolayer. Controllable chemical attachment between organic functional groups and reactive sites of the solid surface is crucial for the formation of a highly oriented organic monolayer and the following multilayer.

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50

Wu, Haiping, Yan Qian, Shaohua Lu, Erjun Kan, Ruifeng Lu, Kaiming Deng, Hui Wang, and Yanming Ma. "Two-dimensional silicon monolayers generated on c-BN(111) substrate." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 24 (2015): 15694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01601k.

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Three Si monolayer structures, a Si chain-type structure, a two-dimensional hexagonal close packed compound structure, and a two-dimensional hexagonal close packed structure, are generated on a c-BN(111) substrate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Monolayer structure'

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