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Journal articles on the topic 'Monoderm'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Sheppard, Devon, Jamie-Lee Berry, Rémi Denise, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, Steve Matthews, and Vladimir Pelicic. "The major subunit of widespread competence pili exhibits a novel and conserved type IV pilin fold." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 19 (April 9, 2020): 6594–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013316.

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Type IV filaments (T4F), which are helical assemblies of type IV pilins, constitute a superfamily of filamentous nanomachines virtually ubiquitous in prokaryotes that mediate a wide variety of functions. The competence (Com) pilus is a widespread T4F, mediating DNA uptake (the first step in natural transformation) in bacteria with one membrane (monoderms), an important mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. Here, we report the results of genomic, phylogenetic, and structural analyses of ComGC, the major pilin subunit of Com pili. By performing a global comparative analysis, we show that Com pili genes are virtually ubiquitous in Bacilli, a major monoderm class of Firmicutes. This also revealed that ComGC displays extensive sequence conservation, defining a monophyletic group among type IV pilins. We further report ComGC solution structures from two naturally competent human pathogens, Streptococcus sanguinis (ComGCSS) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (ComGCSP), revealing that this pilin displays extensive structural conservation. Strikingly, ComGCSS and ComGCSP exhibit a novel type IV pilin fold that is purely helical. Results from homology modeling analyses suggest that the unusual structure of ComGC is compatible with helical filament assembly. Because ComGC displays such a widespread distribution, these results have implications for hundreds of monoderm species.

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2

Xu, Ling, Dan Naylor, Zhaobin Dong, Tuesday Simmons, Grady Pierroz, Kim K. Hixson, Young-Mo Kim, et al. "Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and enriches for monoderm bacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 18 (April 16, 2018): E4284—E4293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717308115.

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Drought stress is a major obstacle to crop productivity, and the severity and frequency of drought are expected to increase in the coming century. Certain root-associated bacteria have been shown to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on plant growth, and manipulation of the crop microbiome is an emerging strategy for overcoming drought stress in agricultural systems, yet the effect of drought on the development of the root microbiome is poorly understood. Through 16S rRNA amplicon and metatranscriptome sequencing, as well as root metabolomics, we demonstrate that drought delays the development of the early sorghum root microbiome and causes increased abundance and activity of monoderm bacteria, which lack an outer cell membrane and contain thick cell walls. Our data suggest that altered plant metabolism and increased activity of bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes are correlated with these shifts in community composition. Finally, inoculation experiments with monoderm isolates indicate that increased colonization of the root during drought can positively impact plant growth. Collectively, these results demonstrate the role that drought plays in restructuring the root microbiome and highlight the importance of temporal sampling when studying plant-associated microbiomes.

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3

Léonard, Raphaël R., Eric Sauvage, Valérian Lupo, Amandine Perrin, Damien Sirjacobs, Paulette Charlier, Frédéric Kerff, and Denis Baurain. "Was the Last Bacterial Common Ancestor a Monoderm after All?" Genes 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13020376.

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The very nature of the last bacterial common ancestor (LBCA), in particular the characteristics of its cell wall, is a critical issue to understand the evolution of life on earth. Although knowledge of the relationships between bacterial phyla has made progress with the advent of phylogenomics, many questions remain, including on the appearance or disappearance of the outer membrane of diderm bacteria (also called Gram-negative bacteria). The phylogenetic transition between monoderm (Gram-positive bacteria) and diderm bacteria, and the associated peptidoglycan expansion or reduction, requires clarification. Herein, using a phylogenomic tree of cultivated and characterized bacteria as an evolutionary framework and a literature review of their cell-wall characteristics, we used Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction to infer the cell-wall architecture of the LBCA. With the same phylogenomic tree, we further revisited the evolution of the division and cell-wall synthesis (dcw) gene cluster using homology- and model-based methods. Finally, extensive similarity searches were carried out to determine the phylogenetic distribution of the genes involved with the biosynthesis of the outer membrane in diderm bacteria. Quite unexpectedly, our analyses suggest that all cultivated and characterized bacteria might have evolved from a common ancestor with a monoderm cell-wall architecture. If true, this would indicate that the appearance of the outer membrane was not a unique event and that selective forces have led to the repeated adoption of such an architecture. Due to the lack of phenotypic information, our methodology cannot be applied to all extant bacteria. Consequently, our conclusion might change once enough information is made available to allow the use of an even more diverse organism selection.

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4

Pelicic, Vladimir. "Monoderm bacteria: the new frontier for type IV pilus biology." Molecular Microbiology 112, no. 6 (October 8, 2019): 1674–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14397.

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5

Gupta, Radhey S. "Protein Phylogenies and Signature Sequences: A Reappraisal of Evolutionary Relationships among Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 1435–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.4.1435-1491.1998.

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SUMMARY The presence of shared conserved insertion or deletions (indels) in protein sequences is a special type of signature sequence that shows considerable promise for phylogenetic inference. An alternative model of microbial evolution based on the use of indels of conserved proteins and the morphological features of prokaryotic organisms is proposed. In this model, extant archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria, which have a simple, single-layered cell wall structure, are termed monoderm prokaryotes. They are believed to be descended from the most primitive organisms. Evidence from indels supports the view that the archaebacteria probably evolved from gram-positive bacteria, and I suggest that this evolution occurred in response to antibiotic selection pressures. Evidence is presented that diderm prokaryotes (i.e., gram-negative bacteria), which have a bilayered cell wall, are derived from monoderm prokaryotes. Signature sequences in different proteins provide a means to define a number of different taxa within prokaryotes (namely, low G+C and high G+C gram-positive, Deinococcus-Thermus, cyanobacteria, chlamydia-cytophaga related, and two different groups of Proteobacteria) and to indicate how they evolved from a common ancestor. Based on phylogenetic information from indels in different protein sequences, it is hypothesized that all eukaryotes, including amitochondriate and aplastidic organisms, received major gene contributions from both an archaebacterium and a gram-negative eubacterium. In this model, the ancestral eukaryotic cell is a chimera that resulted from a unique fusion event between the two separate groups of prokaryotes followed by integration of their genomes.

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6

Forster, Brian M., and Hélène Marquis. "Protein transport across the cell wall of monoderm Gram-positive bacteria." Molecular Microbiology 84, no. 3 (April 4, 2012): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08040.x.

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7

Taib, Najwa, Daniela Megrian, Jerzy Witwinowski, Panagiotis Adam, Daniel Poppleton, Guillaume Borrel, Christophe Beloin, and Simonetta Gribaldo. "Genome-wide analysis of the Firmicutes illuminates the diderm/monoderm transition." Nature Ecology & Evolution 4, no. 12 (October 19, 2020): 1661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01299-7.

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8

Luhur, Johana, Helena Chan, Benson Kachappilly, Ahmed Mohamed, Cécile Morlot, Milena Awad, Dena Lyras, et al. "A dynamic, ring-forming MucB / RseB-like protein influences spore shape in Bacillus subtilis." PLOS Genetics 16, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): e1009246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009246.

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How organisms develop into specific shapes is a central question in biology. The maintenance of bacterial shape is connected to the assembly and remodelling of the cell envelope. In endospore-forming bacteria, the pre-spore compartment (the forespore) undergoes morphological changes that result in a spore of defined shape, with a complex, multi-layered cell envelope. However, the mechanisms that govern spore shape remain poorly understood. Here, using a combination of fluorescence microscopy, quantitative image analysis, molecular genetics and transmission electron microscopy, we show that SsdC (formerly YdcC), a poorly-characterized new member of the MucB / RseB family of proteins that bind lipopolysaccharide in diderm bacteria, influences spore shape in the monoderm Bacillus subtilis. Sporulating cells lacking SsdC fail to adopt the typical oblong shape of wild-type forespores and are instead rounder. 2D and 3D-fluorescence microscopy suggest that SsdC forms a discontinuous, dynamic ring-like structure in the peripheral membrane of the mother cell, near the mother cell proximal pole of the forespore. A synthetic sporulation screen identified genetic relationships between ssdC and genes involved in the assembly of the spore coat. Phenotypic characterization of these mutants revealed that spore shape, and SsdC localization, depend on the coat basement layer proteins SpoVM and SpoIVA, the encasement protein SpoVID and the inner coat protein SafA. Importantly, we found that the ΔssdC mutant produces spores with an abnormal-looking cortex, and abolishing cortex synthesis in the mutant largely suppresses its shape defects. Thus, SsdC appears to play a role in the proper assembly of the spore cortex, through connections to the spore coat. Collectively, our data suggest functional diversification of the MucB / RseB protein domain between diderm and monoderm bacteria and identify SsdC as an important factor in spore shape development.

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9

Zámocký, Marcel, Stefan Hofbauer, Thomas Gabler, and Paul G. Furtmüller. "The Molecular Evolution, Structure, and Function of Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase and Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase in Prokaryotes." Biology 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2023): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12121527.

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Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CgoX) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PgoX) catalyze the oxidation of the flexible cyclic tetrapyrrole of porphyrinogen compounds into fully conjugated, planar macrocyclic porphyrin compounds during heme biosynthesis. These enzymes are activated via different pathways. CgoX oxidizes coproporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrin III in the coproporphyrin-dependent pathway, whereas PgoX oxidizes protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX in the penultimate step of the protoporphyrin-dependent pathway. The phylogenetic analysis presented herein demonstrates a clear differentiation between the two enzyme classes, as evidenced by the clustering of sequences in distinct clades, and it shows that, at the origin of porphyrinogen-type oxidase evolution, PgoXs from cyanobacteria were found, which were noticeably separated from descendant PgoX representatives of Deltaproteobacteria and all later PgoX variants, leading to many eukaryotic clades. CgoX sequences originating from the monoderm Actinomycetota and Bacillota were well separated from the predecessor clades containing PgoX types and represent a peculiar type of gene speciation. The structural similarities and differences between these two oxidases are discussed based on their protein sequence alignment and a structural comparison.

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10

Renier, Sandra, Pierre Micheau, Régine Talon, Michel Hébraud, and Mickaël Desvaux. "Subcellular Localization of Extracytoplasmic Proteins in Monoderm Bacteria: Rational Secretomics-Based Strategy for Genomic and Proteomic Analyses." PLoS ONE 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2012): e42982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042982.

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11

Fernandes, Sofia, and Carlos São-José. "Enzymes and Mechanisms Employed by Tailed Bacteriophages to Breach the Bacterial Cell Barriers." Viruses 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10080396.

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Monoderm bacteria possess a cell envelope made of a cytoplasmic membrane and a cell wall, whereas diderm bacteria have and extra lipid layer, the outer membrane, covering the cell wall. Both cell types can also produce extracellular protective coats composed of polymeric substances like, for example, polysaccharidic capsules. Many of these structures form a tight physical barrier impenetrable by phage virus particles. Tailed phages evolved strategies/functions to overcome the different layers of the bacterial cell envelope, first to deliver the genetic material to the host cell cytoplasm for virus multiplication, and then to release the virion offspring at the end of the reproductive cycle. There is however a major difference between these two crucial steps of the phage infection cycle: virus entry cannot compromise cell viability, whereas effective virion progeny release requires host cell lysis. Here we present an overview of the viral structures, key protein players and mechanisms underlying phage DNA entry to bacteria, and then escape of the newly-formed virus particles from infected hosts. Understanding the biological context and mode of action of the phage-derived enzymes that compromise the bacterial cell envelope may provide valuable information for their application as antimicrobials.

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12

Sebastiani, Federico, Chiara Baroni, Gaurav Patil, Andrea Dali, Maurizio Becucci, Stefan Hofbauer, and Giulietta Smulevich. "The Role of the Hydrogen Bond Network in Maintaining Heme Pocket Stability and Protein Function Specificity of C. diphtheriae Coproheme Decarboxylase." Biomolecules 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13020235.

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Monoderm bacteria accumulate heme b via the coproporphyrin-dependent biosynthesis pathway. In the final step, in the presence of two molecules of H2O2, the propionate groups of coproheme at positions 2 and 4 are decarboxylated to form vinyl groups by coproheme decarboxylase (ChdC), in a stepwise process. Decarboxylation of propionate 2 produces an intermediate that rotates by 90° inside the protein pocket, bringing propionate 4 near the catalytic tyrosine, to allow the second decarboxylation step. The active site of ChdCs is stabilized by an extensive H-bond network involving water molecules, specific amino acid residues, and the propionate groups of the porphyrin. To evaluate the role of these H-bonds in the pocket stability and enzyme functionality, we characterized, via resonance Raman and electronic absorption spectroscopies, single and double mutants of the actinobacterial pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae ChdC complexed with coproheme and heme b. The selective elimination of the H-bond interactions between propionates 2, 4, 6, and 7 and the polar residues of the pocket allowed us to establish the role of each H-bond in the catalytic reaction and to follow the changes in the interactions from the substrate to the product.

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13

Witwinowski, Jerzy, Anna Sartori-Rupp, Najwa Taib, Nika Pende, To Nam Tham, Daniel Poppleton, Jean-Marc Ghigo, Christophe Beloin, and Simonetta Gribaldo. "An ancient divide in outer membrane tethering systems in bacteria suggests a mechanism for the diderm-to-monoderm transition." Nature Microbiology 7, no. 3 (March 2022): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01066-3.

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14

Desvaux, Mickaël, Emilie Dumas, Ingrid Chafsey, Christophe Chambon, and Michel Hébraud. "Comprehensive Appraisal of the Extracellular Proteins from a Monoderm Bacterium: Theoretical and Empirical Exoproteomes ofListeria monocytogenesEGD-e by Secretomics." Journal of Proteome Research 9, no. 10 (October 2010): 5076–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr1003642.

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15

Desvaux, Mickaël, Emilie Dumas, Ingrid Chafsey, Christophe Chambon, and Michel Hébraud. "Comprehensive Appraisal of the Extracellular Proteins from a Monoderm Bacterium: Theoretical and Empirical Exoproteomes ofListeria monocytogenesEGD-e by Secretomics." Journal of Proteome Research 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2011): 4885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr200761n.

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16

Ewens, Sophia D., Alexa F. S. Gomberg, Tyler P. Barnum, Mikayla A. Borton, Hans K. Carlson, Kelly C. Wrighton, and John D. Coates. "The diversity and evolution of microbial dissimilatory phosphite oxidation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (March 9, 2021): e2020024118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020024118.

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Phosphite is the most energetically favorable chemotrophic electron donor known, with a half-cell potential (Eo′) of −650 mV for the PO43−/PO33− couple. Since the discovery of microbial dissimilatory phosphite oxidation (DPO) in 2000, the environmental distribution, evolution, and diversity of DPO microorganisms (DPOMs) have remained enigmatic, as only two species have been identified. Here, metagenomic sequencing of phosphite-enriched microbial communities enabled the genome reconstruction and metabolic characterization of 21 additional DPOMs. These DPOMs spanned six classes of bacteria, including the Negativicutes, Desulfotomaculia, Synergistia, Syntrophia, Desulfobacteria, and Desulfomonilia_A. Comparing the DPO genes from the genomes of enriched organisms with over 17,000 publicly available metagenomes revealed the global existence of this metabolism in diverse anoxic environments, including wastewaters, sediments, and subsurface aquifers. Despite their newfound environmental and taxonomic diversity, metagenomic analyses suggested that the typical DPOM is a chemolithoautotroph that occupies low-oxygen environments and specializes in phosphite oxidation coupled to CO2 reduction. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the DPO genes form a highly conserved cluster that likely has ancient origins predating the split of monoderm and diderm bacteria. By coupling microbial cultivation strategies with metagenomics, these studies highlighted the unsampled metabolic versatility latent in microbial communities. We have uncovered the unexpected prevalence, diversity, biochemical specialization, and ancient origins of a unique metabolism central to the redox cycling of phosphorus, a primary nutrient on Earth.

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17

Gupta, Radhey S. "What are archaebacteria: life's third domain or monoderm prokaryotes related to Gram‐positive bacteria? A new proposal for the classification of prokaryotic organisms." Molecular Microbiology 29, no. 3 (August 1998): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00978.x.

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18

Cavalier-Smith, Thomas, and Ema E.-Yung Chao. "Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria)." Protoplasma 257, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 621–753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01442-7.

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AbstractPalaeontologically, eubacteria are > 3× older than neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria). Cell biology contrasts ancestral eubacterial murein peptidoglycan walls and derived neomuran N-linked glycoprotein coats/walls. Misinterpreting long stems connecting clade neomura to eubacteria on ribosomal sequence trees (plus misinterpreted protein paralogue trees) obscured this historical pattern. Universal multiprotein ribosomal protein (RP) trees, more accurate than rRNA trees, are taxonomically undersampled. To reduce contradictions with genically richer eukaryote trees and improve eubacterial phylogeny, we constructed site-heterogeneous and maximum-likelihood universal three-domain, two-domain, and single-domain trees for 143 eukaryotes (branching now congruent with 187-protein trees), 60 archaebacteria, and 151 taxonomically representative eubacteria, using 51 and 26 RPs. Site-heterogeneous trees greatly improve eubacterial phylogeny and higher classification, e.g. showing gracilicute monophyly, that many ‘rDNA-phyla’ belong in Proteobacteria, and reveal robust new phyla Synthermota and Aquithermota. Monoderm Posibacteria and Mollicutes (two separate wall losses) are both polyphyletic: multiple outer membrane losses in Endobacteria occurred separately from Actinobacteria; neither phylum is related to Chloroflexi, the most divergent prokaryotes, which originated photosynthesis (new model proposed). RP trees support an eozoan root for eukaryotes and are consistent with archaebacteria being their sisters and rooted between Filarchaeota (=Proteoarchaeota, including ‘Asgardia’) and Euryarchaeota sensu-lato (including ultrasimplified ‘DPANN’ whose long branches often distort trees). Two-domain trees group eukaryotes within Planctobacteria, and archaebacteria with Planctobacteria/Sphingobacteria. Integrated molecular/palaeontological evidence favours negibacterial ancestors for neomura and all life. Unique presence of key pre-neomuran characters favours Planctobacteria only as ancestral to neomura, which apparently arose by coevolutionary repercussions (explained here in detail, including RP replacement) of simultaneous outer membrane and murein loss. Planctobacterial C-1 methanotrophic enzymes are likely ancestral to archaebacterial methanogenesis and β-propeller-α-solenoid proteins to eukaryotic vesicle coats, nuclear-pore-complexes, and intraciliary transport. Planctobacterial chaperone-independent 4/5-protofilament microtubules and MamK actin-ancestors prepared for eukaryote intracellular motility, mitosis, cytokinesis, and phagocytosis. We refute numerous wrong ideas about the universal tree.

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19

Onunkwo, D. N., and O. A. Ukoha. "Effect of African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in aflatoxin-infected diets on growth performance of broilers." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i2.1120.

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Fungal infected feedstuffs are denatured in nutrients and cause them to develop off flavors that often dampen the appetite of livestock and poultry. In this study, the effect of toasted African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in Aspergillus flavus-infested diets on growth performance of broilers was investigated in a 2 x 3 factorial experimentthat lasted for 42 days. Three out of 6 dietary treatments were infected with 1mg of pure culture of Aspergillus flavus and toasted Monodora myristica spice included at 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% while the other 3 diets were infection-free with 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% Monodora myristica inclusion respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times at 30 chickens per replicate. Infection status was significant (P<0.05) for daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were 134.19g/bird/day, 39.23g/bird/day, 3.59g/bird/day and 1.10g/bird/day, respectively for the non-infected diets. The aflatoxin infection from Aspergillus flavus was observed to reduce (P<0.05) feed intake to 130.51g/bird/day and weight gain (33.67g/bird/day). FCR and PER were also reduced (P<0.05) by the presence of aflatoxin from Aspergillus flavus in the diet. Effect of Monodora myristica supplementation on feed intake, average daily weight gain, FCR and Protein efficiency ratio was significant (P<0.05) for all the measured parameters. The Feed intake, average daily weight gain, FCR and protein efficiency increased (P<0.05) as Monodora myristica inclusion level increased. Feed intake (119.8g/b/d), daily weight gain (28.90g/b/d), FCR (4.28) and PER (0.94) were observed in the Monodora-free (0%) diet. 0.5% and 1.0% levels of Monodora inclusion produced similar (P>0.05) effects on all the growth parameters but were higher than the control. The interaction of aflatoxin infection and Monodora inclusion level were significant for all the growth parameters. The interaction of aflatoxin infection x Monodora inclusion levels recorded feed intake of 107.97g/b/d, 137.36 and 146.19g/b/d respectively for 0, 0.5 and 1.0% Monodora; 22.27g/b/d, 37.87g/b/d and 40.83g/b/d daily weight gain and 4.85%, 3.63% and 3.58% FCR. The interaction effect of Monodora inclusion level in infection-free diets on the birds feed intake were 131.65g/b/d, 147.24g/b/d and 123.67g/b/d respectively for 0%, 0.5% and 1.0%. The interaction effect at 0.5% inclusion level x non-infected diet was significantly higher (41.31g/b/d) than that at 0% inclusion level on daily gain. However, the daily weight gain of 40.83g/b/d observed in the interaction of 1.0% Monodora level x aflatoxin -free diet similar (P<0.05) to that observed in the 0.5% inclusion level. The feed conversion ratio produced by the interactions at the three different levels (0, 0.5 and 1.0%) in the Aspergillus-free diets were (P>0.05) 3.71, 3.57 and 3.49 respectively while PER were (P<0.05) 1.05, 1.13 and 1.11 respectively. The Monodorafree diet recorded 9.26% drumstick, 2.26% liver 0.65% kidney and 2.43% gizzard, while the diet that had 0.5% Monodora myristica yielded 2.12% liver and 2.29% gizzard. Inclusion of Monodora up to 1.0% recorded 1.63% liver weight. Aspergillus flavus alone caused a reduction in live weight, dressed weight, thigh, kidney, breast meat, gizzard and an enlargement in the liver. Monodora myristica inclusion level also affected (p<0.05) all the parameters except dressed weight, thigh and back cut. Kidney and liver were observed to decrease as the level of inclusion of Monodora myristica increased. The interaction of Monodora myristica and Aspergillus flavus on the parameters were significant (p<0.05). From the results, Monodora myristica may be beneficial to poultry farmers, since about 90% of the poultry feed ingredients especially grains are constantly exposed to aflatoxin infection from Aspergillus flavus and other mycotoxin infections which hinder maximum nutrient utilization and affect the rate of conversion of feed.

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20

Clement, Philip B., and Robert H. Young. "Monodermal teratomas." Current Diagnostic Pathology 2, no. 4 (December 1995): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-6053(05)80021-3.

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21

Agiriga, Anna Ngozi, Maduebibisi Ofo Iwe, and Olusegun A. Olaoye. "Pasting and Functional Properties of Monodora Myristica (Gaertn.) Seed Flour as Affected by Thermal Processing." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4, no. 4 (July 20, 2022): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.4.519.

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Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal is a valuable but underused tropical tree of the Annonaceae or custard apple family. Monodora myristica seeds were dehulled, thermally processed by roasting (10, 20, 30min) and boiling (10, 20, 30min), milled into flour and defatted. Raw (control) Monodora myristica seeds were dehulled, milled into flour, and defatted without any thermal processing. The effects of thermal processing on the functional and pasting properties of flour samples were investigated. Thermal processing had no significant (P ≥ 0.05) effect on the water absorption capacity and swelling power of flour samples. Processing had no significant (P ≥ 0.05) effect on the bulk density of Monodora myristica seed flour samples. Flours processed by boiling exhibited significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) oil absorption capacity and solubility than the roasted samples. Processing (roasting) did not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) affect the emulsion capacity of flour samples. The roasted flour sample (RO30) had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) peak, trough, setback, and final viscosity value among processed flours. Roasted samples had a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher breakdown viscosity value than the boiled samples. Thermal processing had no significant (P ≥ 0.05) influence on the peak time of Monodora myristica seed flour. Flour samples from boiled seeds would withstand heating and shear stress compared to other processed samples because of their low breakdown viscosity value. On the other hand, flour from roasted seeds had the highest setback viscosity and would withstand breakdown better than others. Boiled and roasted seed flours of Monodora myristica would be useful in the pasta, noodle, and bakery industries.

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Ukoha, O. A., and D. N. Onunkwo. "Effects of African Nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in aflatoxin-infected diets on growth Performance of Japanese Quails (Cortunix Cortunix)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i1.908.

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A research work was carried out to evaluate the effects of toasted Monodora myristica spice as feed additive in quail diet in a completely randomized design. The proximate, vitamin and mineral composition and anti-nutritional factors, growth performance, cut parts and organ characteristics, biochemical parameters and egg quality traits were evaluated in this study that lasted for fifteen weeks. A total of 120 day-old quail chicks were brooded for 14 days. Thereafter, they were allocated to four dietary treatments designated D1, D2, D3 and D4 also having 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% Monodora myristica respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times at 10 quails (2 males: 8 females) per replicate. Growth performance and carcass characteristics study lasted for 7 weeks while eggs were collected for four weeks. Daily feed intake was reported to be 2.39g/bird/day, 2.83g/bird/day, 3.22g/bird/day and 3.15g/bird/day respectively for 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% Monodora myristica-flavoured diets. There was no significant (P>0.05) increase in the daily feed intake though it increased only numerically as level of inclusion increased from 0% to 1.0% but decreased at the level above 1.0%. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the varying treatments. Average daily weight gains for the groups were 1.68g/b/d, 2.18g/b/d, 3.35g/b/d and 3.37g/b/d respectively for D1, D2, D3 and D4. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the cut parts and organ characteristics. From the results, Monodora myristica was not observed to be detrimental to the quails with respect to the weight of organs and cut parts. Dressed weight increased as level of inclusion increased up to 1.0% but then declined afterwards to 137.69g. Liver weights were 3.55%, 2.55%, 1.79% and 1.77% respectively for D1, D2, D3 and D4. Quails fed the control diet recorded the highest liver weight (P<0.05) of 3.55% indicating stress condition. The low liver weight in quails fed Monodora-flavoured diet indicates potential of Monodora to protect the liver from free radicals that cause stress. Breast meat was significantly reduced at 1.0% and 1.5% M. myristica inclusion

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Clement, Philip B., Philip B. Clement, and Robert H. Young. "Teratomas excluding monodermal teratomas." Current Diagnostic Pathology 2, no. 4 (December 1995): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-6053(05)80020-1.

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AZEEZ, S. O., Julius Olaoye FALUYI, and Matthew OZIEGBE. "Botanical and Cytological Studies of Monodora tenuifolia Benth." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb629127.

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This study investigated branching pattern, ecology of occurrence, palynology, cytology and phenology of Monodora tenuifolia using standard techniques. The branching pattern determines the shape of the canopy, which may be irregular when growing in the shade, or round when growing in the open. The pollens are tetrads, 10.15 µm in diameter, with pollen fertility of 92.24% (determined by using Cotton Blue in Lactophenol) and pollen tube germinability of 65.83%. Two simultaneous cytokineses were studied and the events of meiotic cell division were observed to synchronize. The chromosomes were well paired at pachynema as associations of regular bivalents, paired of ring 11 or rod 11, though univalents were occasionally observed. Monodora tenuifolia has the chromosome number equal to 2n = 16, showing a karyotypic formular of 1 acro (large) + 2 submet (medium) + 2 met (medium) + 2 acro (medium) + 1 met (small) chromosome in the 2B Stebbins category. The results indicate that the tetrad pollen grain of Monodora tenuifolia is an advantage, since up to four pollen tubes could be seen developing from the some pollen grains, while the karyotype is asymmetrical.

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Onikanni, Sunday Amos, Bashir Lawal, Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka, Oluwafemi Bakare, Ezekiel Adewole, Muhammad Taher, Junaidi Khotib, et al. "Computational and Preclinical Prediction of the Antimicrobial Properties of an Agent Isolated from Monodora myristica: A Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibitor." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041593.

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The African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) is a medically useful plant. We, herein, aimed to critically examine whether bioactive compounds identified in the extracted oil of Monodora myristica could act as antimicrobial agents. To this end, we employed the Schrödinger platform as the computational tool to screen bioactive compounds identified in the oil of Monodora myristica. Our lead compound displayed the highest potency when compared with levofloxacin based on its binding affinity. The hit molecule was further subjected to an Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) prediction, and a Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out on molecules with PubChem IDs 529885 and 175002 and on three standards (levofloxacin, cephalexin, and novobiocin). The MD analysis results demonstrated that two molecules are highly compact when compared to the native protein; thereby, this suggests that they could affect the protein on a structural and a functional level. The employed computational approach demonstrates that conformational changes occur in DNA gyrase after the binding of inhibitors; thereby, this resulted in structural and functional changes. These findings expand our knowledge on the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and could pave the way for the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infections.

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Kiseleva, M. V., M. S. Denisov, M. N. Lunkova, E. V. Litvyakova, and Sh K. Karibaeva. "Malignant struma ovarii." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 22, no. 2 (2023): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2023-2-142-147.

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Ovarian teratomas represent 15–20% of all ovarian tumors. Struma ovarii in most cases (up to 50%) refers to a monodermal variant of mature ovarian teratoma and is a rather rare tumor consisting of thyroid tissue. This type of neoplasm accounts for 1% of all ovarian tumors and 2.7% of all dermoid tumors. The diagnosis of struma ovarii is made when the thyroid tissue makes up more than 50% of the tumor tissue. This article describes a personal experience of managing a patient diagnosed with malignant struma ovarii. Data on clinical and morphological features of the disease are presented. Key words: monodermal mature ovarian teratoma, struma ovarii, malignization, diagnosis, treatment

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Adomi, Patience O., and Mamuyovwi J. Nana. "Antibacterial and phytochemical activities of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) seeds." Tropical Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47524/tjst.v4i2.18.

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Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) seeds are used as spices for seasoning in traditional African cuisine due to their aroma. The antibacterial effect of Monodora myristica was tested against some bacterial isolates. The susceptibility testing and phytochemical analyses were carried out using standard methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts obtained from water, ethanol and methanol were within 12.5-50mg/ml. Phytochemical content included 858.11mg/100g for alkaloids, 124.8mg/100g for tannins, 153.80mg/100g for terpenoids and 558.10mg/100g for flavonoids and absence of anthraquinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and carotenoids. Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were susceptible to extracts of M. myristica. Plant could be used as source of therapeutic agent in addition to its usefulness in food.

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Miediegha, O., A. D. C. Owaba, and L. Okori-West. "Acute toxicity studies, physicochemical and GC/MS analyses of Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal oil." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v18i2.1.

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Background: The seeds of Monodora myristica, a tropical plant belonging to the family Annonaceae, are widely used as condiments in the preparation of a number of African delicacies, to impart or enhance flavour. Their use is largely due to the volatile and fixed oils contained in the nuts.Objective: To screen for the acute toxicity (LD50) profile, determine the physicochemical properties, as well as carry out GC-MS analysis of the seed oil of Monodora myristica.Method: The acute toxicity screening was done using Lorke’s method. Physicochemical profile of the oil was determined using standard methods. GC-MS analysis of the oil sample was also carried out, using Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010SE.Results: The acute toxicity study showed that the oil sample had an LD50 of 316 mg/kg. The acid value was determined to be 9.27 mg KOH/g oil, while saponification value was 194.95 mg KOH/g oil. GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed that it contained fatty acids such as n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; as well as terpinoids such as alpha-terpineol and alpha-cadinol.Conclusion: Results of the toxicological screening indicates that Monodora myristica oil is moderately toxic as the LD50 was within 50 – 500 mg/kg range. The oil has a relatively high tendency to go rancid due to the high acid value of 9.27 mg KOH/g oil.

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Rather, Abdul Rasheed, Shazia Bashir, Ather Hafiz Khan, Ashfaq Ul Hassan, Mohsin Ul Rasool, Shaveta Sharma, Afiya Shafi, Jangbahadur Singh, and Yaavar Shafi. "Struma Ovarii : A Rare Monodermal Teratoma." JMS SKIMS 20, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v20i1.310.

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Struma ovarii is a rare tumor of ovary which accounts for 1% of all ovarian tumors and 3% 0f all dermoid tumors. It belongs to the group of monodermal teratomas. We present a case of struma ovarii in a 55 year old women who presented with symptoms of pain in lower abdomen and loss of appetite for the last one month. Radiological investigations including USG, CT scan and MRI revealed a complex right adnexal lesion. Final diagnosis of struma ovarii was made on histopathological examination which revealed colloid filled thyroid follicles lined by cuboidal epithelium. JMS 2017; 20(1):41-43

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Patel, R. V., D. Marshall, and C. Gannon. "Paediatric benign cystic monodermal testicular teratoma." Case Reports 2014, mar21 1 (March 22, 2014): bcr—2013–202988—bcr—2013–202988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-202988.

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Mofio, B. M., and O. Z. Adeyanju. "Evaluation of The Antioxidant Potentials of African Nutmeg (Monodora Myristica) Extraction Palm Oil Stability." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0231.

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Palm Oil contains high content of carotenoids and is a rich source of vitamin E consisting of tocopherols and tocotrienols which are well known nutritional antioxidants. Lipid oxidation has seriously limited the stability of palm oil resulting in rancidity. Therefore this work evaluates the antioxidant potential of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) on Palm oil stability. Monodora myristica extract was obtained by maceration technique using n-hexane as solvent. Equal volumes of Palm oil obtained from one source were treated with different volumes (0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6m, 0.8m, 1.0ml) of African Nutmeg extract using syringe. Two experimental groups were prepared. A group were placed under the sun (S.S) and the other group in a room (S.R) for a period of two weeks. These treated oil samples were analyzed by titration, on weekly basis to determine the free fatty acid content and acid value. Results obtained showed that for the two groups of treated Palm oil, the free fatty acid content and acid value increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) at lower volumes of extract and as the period (week) extends. The free fatty acid content and acid value of oil samples treated with higher extract volumes decreased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) for both groups (S.S and S.R). However all the values were higher than pre-treatment values. Hence, Monodora myristica extract reduces effect of lipid oxidation on palm oil and consequently increases its stability.

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32

Rachmansyah, Rachmansyah, Dalfiah Dalfiah, P. R. Pongmasak, and Taufik Ahmad Taufik Ahmad. "UJI TOKSISITAS LOGAM BERAT TERHADAP BENUR UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DAN NENER BANDENG (Chonos chanos)." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 4, no. 1 (April 4, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.4.1.1998.55-66.

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Perkembapgan usaha budidaya perikanan dewasa ini berlangsung bersamaan denganperkembangan industri yang cenderung menghasilkan bahan pencemar sebagai limbah. Efek toksisitas bahan pencemar logam terhadap benur windu (Penaeus monodort) dan nener bandeng (Chanos chanos) sebagai komoditas potensial budidaya perlu dikaji.

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Ajayi, Ibironke, Adewale Raji, and Adonai Umeh. "Investigation into the Wound Healing Activity of Monodora myristica and Monodora tenuifolia Seed Extracts in Albino Rats." American Chemical Science Journal 9, no. 4 (January 10, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2015/19876.

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34

Williams, Kona, Elizaveta Chernetsova, Jean Michaud, and Dina El Demellawy. "Neurogenic Ovarian Cyst—A Rare, Monodermal Teratoma." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 18, no. 4 (July 2015): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/14-11-1576-let.1.

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REINBERG, Y., J. C. MANIVEL, J. LLERENA, G. NIEHANS, and E. E. FRALEY. "Epidermoid Cyst (Monodermal Teratoma) of the Testis." British Journal of Urology 66, no. 6 (December 1990): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1990.tb07202.x.

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Spaun, Eva, and Per Rix. "Benign Cystic Monodermal Teratoma of Neurogenic Type." International Journal of Gynecological Pathology 9, no. 3 (July 1990): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-199007000-00008.

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Perkins, JMT, and A. Mitchell. "EPIDERMOID CYST (MONODERMAL TERATOMA) OF THE TESTIS." International Journal of Clinical Practice 49, no. 6 (November 1995): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.1995.tb09998.x.

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38

Saani, Chinwe I., Joshua Kayode, Benson O. Ademiluyi, and M. Yoserizal Saragih. "Effect of Growth Media on Plumule Emergence and Early Seedling Growth of Monodora myristica." Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 2, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v2i4.1257.

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The study investigated the emergence and early seedling development of Monodora myristica in six different growth media viz: mixture of river sand/top soil, river sand/saw dust, top soil/saw dust, saw dust only, top soil only and river sand only. Results obtained recorded highest percentage germination (63%) in seeds sown in saw dust only. Early seedling growth was observed for four months. The results of this study showed that seedlings sown in mixture of top soil/saw dust recorded highest mean plant height (16.83cm), stem girth ( 2.50mm), and leaf area (46.18cm2) at the end of the experimental time. Seedlings on top soil only had the highest number of leaves (3.89). River sand had the least seedling performance in all the growth parameters examined; plant height (13.27cm), stem collar girth (1.99mm), leaf length (8.61cm), leaf width (4.77cm) and leaf area (30.83cm2). The study established that the % emergence of Monodora myristica seedlings was best in saw dust medium while mixture of top soil/saw dusts is recommended for enhancing early seedling growth of this plant in the nursery.

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39

Ukpong, Imoh, Omolara Bamgboye, and Oladega Soriyan. "Synergistic Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in Seawater and Acidic Medium by Cathodic Protection and Monodora myristica Using Zinc Anode." International Journal of Corrosion 2018 (November 27, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5648907.

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The synergistic inhibition of mild steel corrosion in seawater and 0.1M sulphuric acid by the cathodic protection and Monodora myristica was carried out through the weight loss and the linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurement. The results showed that in seawater, the synergism was not too effective for the protection of steel, whereas in 0.1M sulphuric acid, there was a great synergism between cathodic protection and the oil extracts of Monodora myristica, having an efficiency (IE%) of 102.89% at 15 mL of the oil extracts. For the linear polarization resistance (LPR), in most of the cases, there was a slight shift of the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and the open circuit potential (OPC) toward the positive as the volume of the oil extracts increased, thereby causing a change in the cathodic and the anodic Tafel slopes, which showed that the inhibitor is a mixed- type inhibitor. The corrosion current density (icorr) decreases as the volumes of the oil extract increase. Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitted best with an R2 of 1 unit, indicating a good agreement with the experimental data and with Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

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Al-Tannak, N. F., Ibrahim Khadra, N. P. Igoli, and J. O. Igoli. "LC-MS analysis of oils of Monodora myristica and Monodora tenuifolia and isolation of a novel cyclopropane fatty acid." Natural Product Research 34, no. 9 (January 19, 2019): 1227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1556653.

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Raphael, Ekeanyanwu C., Ogu I. Gideon, and Nwachukwu U. Perpetua. "Biochemical Characteristics of the African Nutmeg, Monodora myristica." Agricultural Journal 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/aj.2010.303.308.

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42

Omobuwajo, T. O., O. R. Omobuwajo, and L. A. Sanni. "Physical properties of calabash nutmeg (Monodora myristica) seeds." Journal of Food Engineering 57, no. 4 (May 2003): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(02)00364-3.

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43

Oswaldo, Rodríguez-Juárez Irving, Moreno-Peña Pablo Jose, Méndez-Pérez Alan Amado, Avalos-Bishop Andres, and Soule-Martinez Christian Enrique. "Strumma ovarii: a case report and literature review." International Surgery Journal 9, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20220951.

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Struma ovarii is an uncommon monodermic teratoma in which thyroid tissue is the predominant element. Its low prevalence, wide age of presentation, variable clinical manifestations, and the lack of accurate diagnostic methods, contribute to the overall high percentage of misdiagnosis (90%). Surgery is the best available therapeutic option and the prognosis in most cases is good. This article summarizes the most relevant points for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of this pathology.

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Ibironke A. Ajayi, Ibironke A. Ajayi. "Short-term Toxicological Evaluation of Monodora myristica Seed Oil." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 3, no. 5 (2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-0355358.

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Chukwuma. "BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON NIGERIAN MONODORA TENUIFOLIA SEED." American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2013.257.267.

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B. Ejeh, John. "PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND MEDICINAL VALUE OF MONODURA MYRISTICA SEED." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12873.

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The purpose of the present study was to analyze the phytochemicals of M. myristica. The ground sample was soaked for 24 hrs with different solvents in other to extract the medicinal component. The qualitative analysis shows the positive result insaponin, glycoside, steroid, and alkaloid, while flavonoid and Tannin are negative. The quantitative analysis for M. myristicaseed show 32% to saponins, alkaloid 8.35%, phenol 55.7%, flavonoid 0.0707 mg/ml, and glycoside 5.2% while-tannin is negative. The result shows that M. myristicacan be used to produce vaccines because of saponin, while flavonoids were found to be the biological and pharmacological activities, including antioxidant.

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Sah, S. Prasad, Kavita Verma, and Sudha Rani. "Neurogenic Cyst of Ovary: An Unusual Massive Monodermal Teratoma." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 27, no. 1 (February 2001): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2001.tb01210.x.

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A. Enabulele, Stephen, Fred O. J. Oboh, and Eseosa O. Uwadiae. "Antimicrobial, Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Monodora Myristica Seeds." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 9, no. 4 (2014): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-09430106.

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Eric, Dade J. M., Coulibali Siomenan, Kouamé Bi Koffi François Prévost, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude, Kodjo Charles, Zon Doumade, Akoubet Aminata, et al. "A new natural indole and three aporphine alkaloids from Monodora bevipes Benth. (Annonaceae)." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 6, no. 7 (October 20, 2017): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v6i7.34330.

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Four compounds were isolated from the leaves of Monodora brevipes Benth. (Annonaceae). Among them, one new natural indole named 5-formylindole (1) and three known aporphine alkaloids: (+)-roemeroline (2); (+)-corydine (3) and (+)-menispermine (4). They were isolated for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were established according to their spectral data (NMR, SM, IR and UV).Eric et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2017, 6(7): 40-43http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue7/01.pdf

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Feyisayo, Kemi. "Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of Monodora myristica (Gaertn) dunel seeds." African Journal of Food Science 7, no. 9 (September 15, 2013): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajfs2013.1020.

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