Journal articles: 'Monocrystals Synthesis'

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Sobolev, V. V., O. S. Kovrov, M. M. Nalisko, N. V. Bilan, and O. A. Tereshkova. "Compound physical and mechanical effects stimulating metastable diamond formation." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-4/047.

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Purpose. To synthesize diamond polycrystals in a thermodynamically stable region, and to grow up a single crystal shell under conditions of thermodynamic metastability. To investigate some physical properties and features of the internal structure for synthesized single crystals for the development of new models and hypotheses regarding the issue of diamond genesis. Methodology. Experimental studies using shock-wave effects on a metal alloy containing non-diamond carbon. Methods of infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, isotope analysis, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and others are used. The synthesis of nanocrystalline diamond particles as nuclei for growing single crystals is carried out by the shock-wave method using profiled shock waves. Findings. A complex of physicochemical methods for studying the grown diamond monocrystals has been carried out. The reasons for the discrete growth of diamond and the retention of the central inclusion (a polycrystalline diamond of shock-wave origin) in the process of growth have been established and analyzed. It is shown that the discreteness of diamond formation is characteristic only for thermodynamically metastable conditions. The results of the experiments give grounds to make an assumption about the metastable growth, including of diamonds from primary deposits. Originality. The hypothesis has been developed concerning the origin of diamond nanoparticles in interstellar carbon clouds which refer exclusively to central polycrystalline inclusions in a monocrystal diamond shell. The hypothesis eliminates the scientific contradiction that arises in all cases when attempts are made to interpret the natural discreteness of diamond formation based on the regularities of the graphite-diamond state diagram. Possible causes of discrete diamond formation in nature and the scenario of the formation of diamond nanocrystals in an interstellar cloud of atomic carbon have been considered. Practical value. The value of the experimental research results refers to the development of a non-energy-intensive technology for the growing large diamond monocrystals at temperatures of 5001400 K, and pressures of 105107 Pa.

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Hu, Lingwei, Chunhong Hu, Qiuxiang Zhu, Anquan Wu, Jing Yang, Shaohui Wang, and Jitao Li. "Synthesis of Tower-Like ZnO Nanostructures and Its Optical Properties." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 3331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19313.

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A peculiar tower-like ZnO nanostructure was synthesized using an economical and facile hydrothermal method, with zinc acetate [ZAc, Zn(CH3COO)2 · 2H2O] and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA, C6H12N4) as the source materials. The as-synthesized tower-like ZnO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization results indicated that the tower-like ZnO nanostructures are high-quality monocrystals. The as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures may have application in sensing area due to its high specific surface areas. The growth mechanism, as well as the optical properties of the as-synthesized tower-like ZnO nanostructures was also studied.

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Oniciuc, Liliana, Dorina Amăriucăi-Mantu, Dumitrela Diaconu, Violeta Mangalagiu, Ramona Danac, Vasilichia Antoci, and Ionel I. Mangalagiu. "Benzoquinoline Derivatives: An Attractive Approach to Newly Small Molecules with Anticancer Activity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (May 1, 2023): 8124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098124.

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This study presents the synthesis, structural characterization, and in vitro evaluation of anticancer activity of some newly benzo[f]quinoline derivatives. The synthesis is facile and efficient, involving two steps: quaternization of nitrogen heterocycle followed by a [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, NMR, and X-ray diffraction on monocrystals in the case of compounds 6c and 7c. An in vitro single-dose anticancer assay of eighteen benzo[f]quinoline compounds, quaternary salts, and cycloadducts was performed. The results showed that the most active compounds were quaternary salts 3d and 3f with aromatic R substituents. Quaternary salt 3d revealed non-selective activity against all types of cancer cells, while salt 3f exhibited highly selective activity against leukemia cells. Compound 3d also presented remarkable cytotoxic efficiency against four distinct types of cancer cells—namely, non-small cell lung cancer HOP-92, melanoma LOX IMVI, melanoma SK-MEL-5, and breast cancer MDA-MB-468. The study also includes SAR correlations.

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Hoh, J. C., and Iskandar I. Yaacob. "Polymer matrix templated synthesis: Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles preparation." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 12 (December 2002): 3105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0449.

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Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by polymer matrix templated synthesis. Synthetic ion-exchange resins were used as hosts for the coprecipitation of cobalt ferrite where the nanopores of the resin acted as the constrained environment. The weight fraction of the particles within the resin was roughly 16%. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that cobalt ferrite crystallites were about 1–7 nm in diameter. Magnetic properties measured using an alternating gradient magnetometer showed the particles (prepared using initial salt solution ratio of Fe3+:Co2+ of 1.5:1.0) were superparamagnetic with magnetization M (of the particle-resin system) in the range of 3.0 to 4.4 emu/g at 10 kOe of applied field. The least upper bound of the magnetic size was about 3 nm in diameter. Ratios of Fe3+ to Co2+ within the matrix of the resin before and after precipitation were investigated by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and were found to be sensitive to the initial salt solution mixture. The ratio Fe3+:Co2+ of 1.5:1.0 was found to be a better mixture in terms of magnetization value. Spherical shape cobalt ferrite particles 2–8 nm in diameter were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The close agreement between the physical and crystallite size indicated that the particles are largely monocrystals.

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Aliyev, O. M. "SYNTHESIS, GROWTH OF MONOCRYSTALS AND PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOUNDS OF PbLnCuS3 (Ln–La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er) TYPE." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2023-1-183-190.

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Quaternary sulfides of the PbLnCuS3 type (Ln–La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er) have been obtained either by melting the elements or through furnace charge, 2PbS+Cu2S+Ln2S3 in a graphite crucible placed in a sealed quartz ampoule at a temperature of 1200–1275 K. Monocrystals of PbSmCuS3 and PbGdCuS3 have been grown by mineralization method. The study of X-ray analysis showed that compounds of PbLnCuS3 type crystallize in the orthorhombic singony (а=8.268.20; b=8.848.80; с=7.967.9Å, space group Pmn21). In a series of PbLnCuS3 compounds, the phenomenon of morphotropy manifests itself, which flows from the exchange of the structural type (PbCuSbS3 KZrCuSe3  Eu2CuS2), i.e. when the radius of the cation Ln changes. Their standard thermodynamic functions have been calculated and the temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility have been measured

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Abad, S., G. C. Vásquez, L. Vines, and R. Ranchal. "Use of Ga2O3[1 0 0] monocrystals as substrates for the synthesis of GaFeO3 thin films." Materials Letters 261 (February 2020): 126949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126949.

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Mal, Suzana, Alenka Ristić, Amalija Golobič, and Nataša Zabukovec Logar. "Tailoring Water Adsorption Capacity of APO-Tric." Crystals 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070773.

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Microporous triclinic AlPO4-34, known as APO-Tric, serves as an excellent water adsorbent in thermal energy storage, especially for low temperature thermochemical energy storage. Increased water adsorption capacity of thermochemical material usually leads to higher thermal energy storage capacity, thus offering improved performance of the adsorbent. The main disadvantage of aluminophosphate-based TCM materials is their high cost due to the use of expensive organic templates acting as structure directing agents. Using ionic liquids as low cost solvents with associated structure directing role can increase the availability of these water adsorbents for TES applications. Here, a green synthesis of APO-Tric crystals at elevated and ambient pressure by using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquid is presented. Large 200 µm romboid shaped monocrystals were obtained at 200 °C after 6 days. The structure of APO-Tric and the presence of 1,3-dimetylimidazolium cation in the micropores were determined by single crystal XRD at room temperature and 150 K. Water sorption capacity of APO-Tric prepared by ionothermal synthesis at elevated pressure increased in comparison to the material obtained at hydrothermal synthesis most probably due to additional structural defects obtained after calcination. The reuse of exhausted ionic liquid was also confirmed, which adds to the reduction of toxicity and cost production of the aluminophosphate synthesis.

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Petrenko, O. V., R. V. Lavrik, and V. M. Galimova. "Solid-phase synthesis of MINi2MIV(PO4)3 compounds (МI – Li, Na, K; MIV – Ti, Zr, Sn)." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.03.407.

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Double phosphates compounds may possess catalytic, magnetic, electrophysical, non-linear optical properties and are used as monocrystals or polycrystals, ceramics etc. The tailor-made synthesis of double phosphates of alkali and multivalent metals is the basis for the in-depth research and investigation of physical and chemical properties, composition and structure of the compounds to be used for the development of new materials for multi-purpose use. Episodic syntheses of compounds MI3MIІMIV(PO4)3, MI2MIIMIV(P2O7)2, MI2MII(PO3)4 and МІMІІ4(РО4)33 (where МI – Li, Na, K; МIІ – Mn, Co, Ni; MIV – Zr), were made from various starting materials by the sintering method. After all, the selection of compounds for the synthesis of compounds of this type is a rather difficult task, often impossible. A systematic approach to the selection of starting reagents, temperature regime, interaction time between components are factors that can be adjusted and operated to achieve the target. The work used the method of solid-phase synthesis, after working out the synthesis method on the “model” Na2NiZr(P2O7)2. The synthesis was carried out starting from Na2CO3, NiO, CoO, ZrO2, ammonium hydro- and dihydrogen phosphate. The synthesis of compounds was carried out based on preliminary derivatographic studies of the passage of processes according to the corresponding reaction schemes. Completeness of synthesis stages was monitored at all stages using physico-chemical research methods. The DTA method confirmed the possibility of solid-phase synthesis of complex phosphate compounds that contain several transition metals – MINi2MIV(PO4)3 (where МI – Li, Na, K; MIV – Ti, Zr, Sn). The optimal temperature conditions for obtaining a number of phosphate compounds based on various starting substances for their synthesis have been found. The synthesized compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, DTA and IR spectroscopy, and their complete chemical analysis was carried out. The influence of a number of factors on the conditions of production of phosphate compounds of the MINi2MIV(PO4)3 (where МI – Li, Na, K; MIV – Ti, Zr, Sn) has been found. It can be assumed that the ionic conductivity in the synthesized compounds is of the “NASICON” type, and therefore the synthesized substances can be used as functional materials with valuable electro-physical properties.

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Atanasov, Atanas, and Dimitrina Koleva. "Synthesis and Properties of Composites of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene with Carbon Fibres or Fibre Monocrystals." Polymers and Polymer Composites 14, no. 4 (May 2006): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110601400407.

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Gromilov, Sergey, Anatoly Chepurov, Valeri Sonin, Egor Zhimulev, Aleksandr Sukhikh, Aleksei Chepurov, and Dmitry Shcheglov. "Formation of two crystal modifications of Fe7C3−x at 5.5 GPa." Journal of Applied Crystallography 52, no. 6 (November 14, 2019): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719013347.

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The Fe–C system, which is widely used to grow commercial high-pressure–high-temperature diamond monocrystals, is rather complicated due to the formation of carbides. The carbide Fe3C is a normal run product, but the pressure at which Fe7C3 carbide becomes stable is a subject of discussion. This paper demonstrates the synthesis of Fe7C3 carbide and its detailed study using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, as well as electron probe micro-analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The experiments were performed using a multiple-anvil high-pressure apparatus of `split-sphere' (BARS) type at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and a temperature of 1623 K. Our results show that in the Fe–C system, in addition to diamond, a phase that corresponds to the Fe7C3 carbide was synthesized. This means that both carbides (Fe7C3 and Fe3C) are stable at 5.5 GPa. Two crystal phases are described, Fe14C6 and Fe28C12−x . Fe14C6 is based on the well known rhombic structure of Fe7C3, while Fe28C12−x has a different packing order of Fe6C polyhedrons. The results obtained in this study should be taken into account when synthesizing and growing diamond at high pressures and temperatures in metal–carbon systems with a high iron content, as well as when conducting experimental studies on the synthesis of diamond directly from carbide.

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Kondrotas, Rokas, Remigijus Juškėnas, Arūnas Krotkus, Vidas Pakštas, Artūras Suchodolskis, Algirdas Mekys, Marius Franckevičius, et al. "Synthesis and physical characteristics of narrow bandgap chalcogenide SnZrSe3." Open Research Europe 2 (December 13, 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15168.1.

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Background: The development of organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites has seen unprecedent growth since their first recognition for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, their thermodynamic stability and toxicity remains a challenge considering wide-scale deployment in the future. This spurred an interest in search of perovskite-inspired materials which are expected to retain the advantageous material characteristics of halide perovskites, but with high thermodynamic stability and composed of earth-abundant and low toxicity elements. ABX3 chalcogenides (A, B=metals, X=Se, S) have been identified as potential class of materials meeting the aforementioned criteria. Methods: In this work, we focus on studying tin zirconium selenide (SnZrSe3) relevant physical properties with an aim to evaluate its prospects for application in optoelectronics. SnZrSe3 powder and monocrystals were synthesized via solid state reaction in 600 – 750 °C temperature range. Crystalline structure was determined using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods. The bandgap was estimated from diffused reflectance measurements on powder samples and electrical properties of crystals were analysed from temperature dependent I-V measurements. Results: We found that SnZrSe3 crystals have a needle-like structure (space group – Pnma) with following unit cell parameters: a=9.5862(4) Å, b=3.84427(10) Å, c=14.3959(5) Å. The origin of the low symmetry crystalline structure was associated with stereochemical active electron lone pair of Sn cation. Estimated bandgap was around 1.15 eV which was higher than measured previously and predicted theoretically. Additionally, it was found that resistivity and conductivity type depended on the compound chemical composition. Conclusions: Absorption edge in the infrared region and bipolar dopability makes SnZrSe3 an interesting material candidate for application in earth-abundant and non-toxic single/multi-junction solar cells or other infrared based optoelectronic devices.

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Kondrotas, Rokas, Remigijus Juškėnas, Arūnas Krotkus, Vidas Pakštas, Artūras Suchodolskis, Algirdas Mekys, Marius Franckevičius, et al. "Synthesis and physical characteristics of narrow bandgap chalcogenide SnZrSe3." Open Research Europe 2 (May 17, 2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15168.2.

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Background: The development of organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites has seen unprecedent growth since their first recognition for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, their thermodynamic stability and toxicity remains a challenge considering wide-scale deployment in the future. This spurred an interest in search of perovskite-inspired materials which are expected to retain the advantageous material characteristics of halide perovskites, but with high thermodynamic stability and composed of earth-abundant and low toxicity elements. ABX3 chalcogenides (A, B=metals, X=Se, S) have been identified as potential class of materials meeting the aforementioned criteria. Methods: In this work, we focus on studying tin zirconium selenide (SnZrSe3) relevant physical properties with an aim to evaluate its prospects for application in optoelectronics. SnZrSe3 powder and monocrystals were synthesized via solid state reaction in 600 – 800 °C temperature range. Crystalline structure was determined using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods. The bandgap was estimated from diffused reflectance measurements on powder samples and electrical properties of crystals were analysed from temperature dependent I-V measurements. Results: We found that SnZrSe3 crystals have a needle-like structure (space group – Pnma) with following unit cell parameters: a=9.5862(4) Å, b=3.84427(10) Å, c=14.3959(5) Å. The origin of the low symmetry crystalline structure was associated with stereochemical active electron lone pair of Sn cation. Estimated bandgap was around 1.15 eV which was higher than measured previously and predicted theoretically. Additionally, it was found that resistivity and conductivity type depended on the compound chemical composition. Conclusions: Absorption edge in the infrared region and bipolar dopability makes SnZrSe3 an interesting material candidate for application in earth-abundant and non-toxic single/multi-junction solar cells or other infrared based optoelectronic devices.

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Beltrán, Hiram I., S. Jesús Alas, Rosa Santillan, and Norberto Farfán. "Fixed stereochemical control in the synthesis of new mono- and disubstituted 2-phenyl-6-aza-1,3-dioxa-2-borabenzocyclononenes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-109.

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Five new boronates of the type 2-phenyl-6-aza-1,3-dioxa-2-borabenzocyclononenes (6ae) were prepared from substituted 2-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl]phenols (4ae) and phenylboronic acid (5) in benzene-EtOH (4:1) mixtures. Tridentate ligands 4ae and boronates 6ae were characterized by 1H, 13C, 15N, and 2D-NMR (HETCOR, NOESY, and COLOC) experiments, FT-IR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis, as well as 11B NMR for the boron derivatives. Suitable monocrystals of 2-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl]phenol hydrochloride (4a), cis-2-phenyl-6-aza-1,3-dioxa-2-borabenzocyclononene (6a), (2S,5R,6S)-2,5-diphenyl-6-aza-1,3-dioxa-2-borabenzocyclononene (6b), and (2S,4R,5R,6S)-2,4-diphenyl-5-methyl-6-aza-1,3-dioxa-2-borabenzocyclononene (6e) were obtained and their structures are discussed. The X-ray structures of 6a, 6b, and 6e, as well as the NMR data established that the configurations at the nitrogen and boron atoms are both "S" and the transannular fusion is cis. A semi-empirical (SAM1) study was used to calculate the energy for all possible stereoisomers, showing that the stabilization increases as the THC (tetrahedral character of the boron atom) increases and also as the N[Formula: see text]B bond distance decreases, in agreement with the experimental results and previous work related to amino acid boronates.Key words: boron compounds, X-ray structures, NMR, boronates, synthesis.

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Krasilnikov A.V., Rodionov N.B., Bolshakov A.P., Ralchenko V.G., Vartapetov S.K., Sizov Y.E., Meschaninov S.A., et al. "CVD-synthesis of detector quality diamond for radiation hardness detectors of ionizing radiation." Technical Physics 92, no. 4 (2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.04.53607.226-21.

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An advanced microwave plasma reactor ARDIS 300 was used to synthesize homoepitaxial structures of monocrystal diamond films at Project Center ITER. High-quality epitaxial diamond films were grown on boron-doped monocrystal diamond substrates using microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition from methane-hydrogen mixture. Structural and impurity perfection of diamond films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and optical absorption. Prototypes of radiation detectors were created on the basis of grown diamond films with thickness 70-80 μm,. The p-type substrate with boron concentration ~100 ppm served as an electrical contact. Detectors were irradiated by 5.5 MeV particles and 14.7 MeV neutrons, corresponding pulse height spectra were measured and detector sensitivities were determined. Charge collection efficiency for synthesized diamond was shown to achieve 94% and 91% when ~ 4 V/μm electric field applied. Keywords: diamond films, epitaxy, diamond detector

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Mamedova, Lala N. "SYNTHESIS OF TETRAHYDRATED Na (I) SALT OF 4-CARBOXY 2-NITRO TEREPHTHALATE AND ITS STRUCTURAL STUDY." Chemical Problems 22, no. 2 (2024): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2024-2-150-156.

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An acid sodium salt of 2-nitro-terephthalic acid was synthesized and its molecular and crystal structures were studied. The crystallographic parameters of the new compound are as follows: the chemical formula – C8H8NNaO8, Cambridge Crystallographic Database Code: 2332574, molecular weight – 269.14, the temperature during measurement of the crystal parameters – 100.0 K, monocrystalline dimension 0.18mm×0.21mm×0.15mm, Radiation CuKα 𝜆= 1.54184, the minimum value of theta 4, 0250, the maximum value of theta 749580, the number of obtained reflections 9169, the number of independent reflections 2040, syngony - triclinic, space-group P-1, the specific gravity of the monocrystal d= 1.716 g/cm3 , unit cell parameters – a = 6.5034 Å, b = 7 .4080 Å, c= 11.1553 Å, the volume of the crystal lattice V=520.79 Å3 , the number of molecules in the lattice Z=2, the axial angles in the triclinic system α = 92.6990°, β= 100.1720°, γ= 99.0840°, final R factor = 0.0267. Metallic sodium ionically coordinates with the ligand. Distance between atoms – Na(1)–O(1)=2,3357 Å, Na (1)–O(4)=2,3236 Å, Na(1)–О(7)= 2,3855 Å.

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Lv, Huimin, Guangde Chen, Honggang Ye, and Guojun Yan. "Synthesis of monocrystal aluminum nitride nanowires at low temperature." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 5 (March 2007): 053526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710290.

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Zhang, Jun, Su Ping Hu, Yu Li Feng, Bo Xu, and Yan Hui Guo. "Synthesis and Characterization of Rodlike Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate and its Thermal Decomposition Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2049.

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Rodlike ammonium tetrathiomolybdate has been synthesized via ultrasonic assistance using monocrystal ammonium dimolybdate and ammonium sulfide as raw materials. The phase compositions, purity of as-synthesized products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), laser Raman spectroscopy(LRS). The thermal decomposition mechanism of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate was deduced by thermoanalysis. It is shown that brownish-red rhombic ammonium tetrathiomolybdate crystal with high purity could be obtained at 60°C for 1h under relatively mild conditions.

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Niu, Jin Long. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.247.

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Natural biological hard tissues are nanocomposites of proteins and calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) with superior strength and bioresorbabilities. Nanometer scale hyroxyapatite is the key material to manufacture bioresorbable bone substitute. An attempt was conducted to synthesis nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite with a hydrothermal chemical method. The prepared nano-crystalline HAp was characterized for its phase purity and nanoscale morphological structure by XRD, TEM and FTIR. The obtained results indicated that hydrothermal synthesized nano-crystalline HAp was pure single phased HAp with a diameter of 20 to 50nm and length range between 50 to 200nm and each HAp particle was observed to be a monocrystal of HAp. It’s suggested that hydrothermal treatment may be an effective method to get pure and nice crystallized nano-sized stoichiometric hydroxyapatite.

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Al-Matarneh, Cristina, Irina Rosca, Sergiu Shova, and Ramona Danac. "Synthesis and properties of new fused pyrrolo-1,10-phenanthroline type derivatives." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200819057a.

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New fused pyrrolo-phenanthroline type derivatives were synthesized, in two steps, from 1,10-phenanthroline and evaluated for antimicrobial activity and fluorescence properties. Our synthetic approach involved a 3+2 dipolar-cycloaddition of some selected N-substituted 1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium ylides, (m)ethoxycarbonyl and cyano (1,2-di)substituted acetylenes and alkenes, respectively. The structures of compounds were supported by analytical and spectroscopic data. The molecular structures of four selected compounds have also been also determined by monocrystal XRD analyses. All synthesized compounds were then evaluated for their potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Candida albicans ATCC10231. Two of the compounds demonstrated significant activity against the above tested strains.

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Hui-Min, Lv, Chen Guang-De, Yan Guo-Jun, and Ye Hong-Gang. "Synthesis of hexagonal monocrystal AlN microtubes and nanowires at low temperature." Chinese Physics 16, no. 9 (September 2007): 2814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/16/9/053.

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Han, Li-Li, Sergei A. Kulinich, Yang-Yang Zhang, Jin Zou, Hui Liu, Wei-Hua Wang, Hui Liu, et al. "Synergistic synthesis of quasi-monocrystal CdS nanoboxes with high-energy facets." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 46 (2015): 23106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta05472a.

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CdS single-crystal nanoboxes with a small size, metastable phase, a large specific surface area, and high-energy {100} facets, obtained by attacking PbS nanosized cubes through synergic reactions of cation exchange and chemical etching, exhibit exceptional photocatalytic activities.

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Zhang, Yumeng, Zhejia Wang, Jiaheng Feng, Shuaiqiang Ming, Furong Qu, Yang Xia, Meng He, Zhimin Hu, and Jing Wang. "Synthesis and electromagnetic transport of large-area 2D WTe₂ thin film." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 102002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/10/102002.

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Abstract Tungsten telluride thin films were successfully prepared on monocrystal sapphire substrates by using atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition technology, and the effects of different tellurization temperatures on the properties of tungsten telluride films were investigated. The growth rate, crystal structure and composition of the film samples were characterized and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that tungsten telluride thin films with good crystal orientation in (001) were obtained at telluride temperature of 550 °C. When the telluride temperature reached 570 °C, the tungsten telluride began to decompose and unsaturated magnetoresistance was found.

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Wang, Fen, Da Wei Liu, Jian Feng Zhu, and Dong Li. "Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZrSiO₄ Nano-Powders." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1485.

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High purity ZrSiO4powders were prepared using zirconium oxychloride and tetraethoxysilane as raw materials by the microwave hydrothermal (M-H) method, in which NaF was added as mineralizer to promote the crystallization of zircon. The results show that the microwave-hydrothermal method greatly reduces the starting crystallization temperature of ZrSiO4powders to 160~200 °C in 30 minutes, the characteristics of the microwave hydrothermally synthesized powders are superior to that synthesized by conventional hydrothermal in stability, purity and morphologies. And the XRD analysis shows that all peaks of the former powders are abnormal broadness except the (200) and (220) peaks, and the crystallization of powders can be improved by adding seed crystals of ZrSiO4. The ZrSiO4particles are disk-like platelets which are monocrystal and have a trend of Single crystal to polycrystalline transition. The synthesis mechanism of ZrSiO4by microwave hydrothermal (M-H) process is discussed.

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Zhao, Zhong Min, Long Zhang, Hong Bai Bai, Jian Zheng, and Jiang Wu. "Microstructures and Properties of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ Composite Ceramics from In Situ Growth in the Melts Produced by Combustion Synthesis." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2260.

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By introducing ZrO2 (3Y) micron powder into the thermit, Al2O3/18%, 21%, 24%, 27% and 30%ZrO2 composite ceramics were obtained from in-situ growth in the melts produced by combustion synthesis. As the volume fraction of ZrO2 is below 27%, the ceramics is comprised of lath-shaped and rod-shaped α-Al2O3 matrix, within the rod-shaped grain the nano-micron fibers are oriented in essentially the same direction. As volume fraction of ZrO2 is over 27%, the ceramics is mainly composed of lamina-shaped grains with alternating α-Al2O3 and t-ZrO2 layers. The flexural strength and the fracture toughness measured simultaneously the maximum values with increasing volume fraction of ZrO2 to 24%, indicating that flexural strength and fracture toughness are simultaneously under the control of rod-shaped grains in which ZrO2 nano-micron monocrystal fibers are embedded.

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Fioravanti, Ambra, Pietro Marani, Sara Morandi, Stefano Lettieri, Mauro Mazzocchi, Michele Sacerdoti, and Maria Cristina Carotta. "Growth Mechanisms of ZnO Micro-Nanomorphologies and Their Role in Enhancing Gas Sensing Properties." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041331.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the main functional materials used to realize chemiresistive gas sensors. In addition, ZnO can be grown through many different methods obtaining the widest family of unique morphologies. However, the relationship between the ZnO morphologies and their gas sensing properties needs more detailed investigations, also with the aim to improve the sensor performances. In this work, seven nanoforms (such as leaves, bisphenoids, flowers, needles, etc.) were prepared through simple wet chemical synthesis. Morphological and structural characterizations were performed to figure out their growth mechanisms. Then, the obtained powders were deposited through screen-printing technique to realize thick film gas sensors. The gas sensing behavior was tested toward some traditional target gases and some volatile organic compounds (acetone, acetaldehyde, etc.) and compared with ZnO morphologies. Results showed a direct correlation between the sensors responses and the powders features (morphology and size), which depend on the specific synthesis process. The sensors can be divided in two behavioral classes, following the two main morphology kinds: aggregates of nanocrystals (leaves and bisphenoids), exhibiting best performances versus all tested gases and monocrystal based (stars, needle, long needles, flowers, and prisms).

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Karaeva, Aida, Sergey Urvanov, Nikita Kazennov, Eduard Mitberg, and Vladimir Mordkovich. "Synthesis, Structure and Electrical Resistivity of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized over Group VIII Metallocenes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112279.

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The paper reports the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from ethanol over group VIII (Fe, Co, Ni) catalysts derived from corresponding metallocenes. Several unexpected cooperative effects are reported, which are never observed in the case of individual metallocenes such as the commonly used ferrocene catalyst Fe(C5H5)2. The formation of very long (up to several µm) straight monocrystal metal kernels inside the carbon nanotubes was the most interesting effect. The use of trimetal catalysts (Fe1-x-yCoxNiy)(C5H5)2 resulted in the sharp increase in the yield of carbon nanotubes. The electrical conductivity of the produced nanotubes is determined by the nature of the catalyst. The variation of individual metals in the Ni-Co-Fe leads to a drop of the electrical resistivity of nanotube samples by the order of magnitude, i.e., from 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.1 × 10−5 Ω∙m. A controlled change in the electrophysical properties of the nanotubes can make it possible to expand their use as fillers in composites, photothermal and tunable magnetic nanomaterials with pre-designed electrical conductivity and other electromagnetic properties.

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Butina, Yuliya V., Elena A. Danilova, Maxim V. Dmitriev, and Aleksey V. Solomonov. "CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BIS[1-(DIAMINOMETHYLENE)-THIOURON-1-IUM] SULFATE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017601.5483.

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For citation:Butina Yu.V., Danilova E.A., Dmitriev M.V., Solomonov А.V. Crystal structure of bis[1-(diaminomethylene)-thiouron-1-ium] sulfate. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 45-49. In this work crystal data of bis[1-(diaminomethylene)-thiouron-1-ium] sulfate is shown. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The monocrystal of this compound was obtained and the structure was confirmed by single X-ray analysis. Moreover, the work describes potential application of synthesized compound. Comparative characteristics of thiourea and its known salts are demonstrated. It is known, that derivatives of thiourea have several tautomeric forms, which can be different in crystalline state or in solution. Therefore, changed scheme of the synthesis of 2-imino-4-thiobiuret is proposed. Elemental cell of crystal consists of two 1-(diaminomethylene)thiouron-1-ium cations and one sulfat anion. A full set of X-ray diffraction data was deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (deposit CCDC 1421710) and it can be gotten from the site www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif.

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Yambulatov, Dmitriy S., Irina A. Lutsenko, Dmitry E. Baravikov, Fedor M. Dolgushin, Tatiana V. Astaf’eva, Olga B. Bekker, Lusik G. Nersisyan, et al. "Synthesis, Structure, Biological Activity, and Luminescence Properties of a “Butterfly”-Type Silver Cluster with 3-Benzyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-thiol." Molecules 29, no. 1 (December 23, 2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010105.

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A new silver(I) cluster [Ag8L4(Py)(Pype)]·4Py·11H2O (I) with 3-benzyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-thiol (L) was synthesized via the direct reaction of AgNO3 and L in MeOH, followed by recrystallization from a pyridine–piperidine mixture. The compound I was isolated in a monocrystal form and its crystal structure was determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex forms a “butterfly” cluster with triazol-5-thioles. The purity of the silver complex and its stability in the solution was confirmed via NMR analysis. Excitation and emission of the free ligand and its silver complex were studied at room temperature for solid samples. The in vitro biological activity of the free ligand and its complex was studied in relation to the non-pathogenic Mycolicibacterium smegmatis strain. Complexation of the free ligand with silver increases the biological activity of the former by almost twenty times. For the newly obtained silver cluster, a bactericidal effect was established.

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Liu, Yang, Guishan Liu, Yongbing Wang, Wenyuan Gao, Hongshun Hao, and Bopu Huang. "Multistep Controllability Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of ZnO Nanopagoda for Schottky Diode Device." Nano 11, no. 02 (February 2016): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500247.

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Ordered ZnO arrays with a peculiar nanostructure were synthesized by a multistep synthesis process. The first step was the preparation of ZnO seed to induce the formation of ZnO array via potentiostatic electrodeposition method using a typical three electrode set-up. The second step was fabricating ZnO array along seed by Chemical Bath Deposition. Structural analysis of ZnO was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns indicated that nanocrystalline is a part of monocrystal. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to study the microstructure, and showed a pagoda-like microstructure with a tiny top and large bottom, which had an average top diameter of exceeding 800[Formula: see text]nm at seed-depositing time of 60[Formula: see text]s, and then growth mechanisms are subsequently given a further explanation, viewed from kinetics and thermodynamics. In addition, the current–voltage curves of schottky diode devices with ZnO nanopagoda arrays revealed that ZnO films arrays along grown ZnO seed had a higher reverse saturation current than ZnO films grown without seed, which are [Formula: see text] A and [Formula: see text] A, respectively. The minimum turn-on voltage of the diode with ZnO seed deposited 60[Formula: see text]s is 0.18[Formula: see text]V, without seed is 0.52[Formula: see text]V.

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Bermudez, John H., José Luis Pinto, Carlos Mario Meléndez, José A. Henao, and Vladimir V. Kouznetsov. "Preparación simple de nuevas N-(6-metil-2-nitrofenil-1,2,3,4-tetrahidroquinolin-4-il) pirrolidin-2-onas y su análisis espectroscópico. Objetivos." Universitas Scientiarum 16, no. 2 (June 2, 2011): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc16-2.spon.

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Objectives. To prepare new N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl) pyrrolidin-2-one molecules and to characterize them by spectroscopic methods. Materials and methods. All reagents were purchased from Aldrich, commercial grade. The purity of the products and the composition of the reaction mixtures were monitored by thin layer chromatography over Silufol UV254 chromatoplates (0.25 mm). Product isolation and purification were performed by column chromatography (SiO2), using ethyl acetate. Results. Preparation of new N-(2-nitrophenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl) pyrrolidin-2-ones has been achieved via the one-pot synthesis, based on a BiCl3-catalyzed imino Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of toluidine, N-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one and 4-nitro- or 3-nitrobenzaldehydes. The structure of the pyrrolidine derivatives was confirmed by 1H nmr and 13C nmr studies, in addition to inverse-detected 2D NMR experiments and monocrystal X-ray diffraction. Conclusions. An efficient, economic, and fast synthetic route (multi-component imino Diels-Alder reaction) was employed in the construction of several new tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, useful and attractive rigid skeleton with well-defined stereochemistry. Key words: tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, N-substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones, three component imino Diels-Alder reaction, one-pot synthesis.

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Petrov, Sr, Iv Chomakov, and B. I. Bogdanov. "X-ray quantitative determination of the phases in a batch for the synthesis of poly- and monocrystal yttriumaluminium garnet." Crystal Research and Technology 22, no. 6 (June 1987): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170220621.

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Kuznetsova, Alexandra S., Maksim V. Dmitriev, Alexander V. Zav’yalov, Oscar I. Koifman, and Mikhail K. Islyaikin. "SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF 4-(9-HYDROXY-1,4,7-TRIOXYNONYL)PHTHALONITRILE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 3 (April 13, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017603.5494.

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4-(9-Hydroxy-1,4,7-trioxynonyl)phthalonitrile was prepared by reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with triethylene glycol in dry DMSO in the presence of fresh-calcined fine milled K2CO3 at 60 °C for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into cold distilled water and extracted by CH2Cl2. Then the crude product obtained after solvent evaporation was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using elution mixture of ethyl acetate : hexane (1:3) and after that end product was dried at reduced pressure at 80 oC for 4 h. The product was characterized by IR and 1Н NMR spectroscopies, mass-spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction data. In MALDI-TOF spectrum, two signals located at 299 [M+Na]+ and 315 [M+К]+ Da were detected. Conformity between the calculated isotopic distributions and those derived from experimental data proves these assignments. A colorless monocrystal suitable for X-Ray measurements was grown up by low temperature solvent evaporation from a solution of 4-(9-hydroxy-1,4,7-trioxynonyl)phthalonitrile in ethyl acetate. X-ray studying showed that this compound is a monohydrate of 4-(9-hydroxy-1,4,7-trioxynonil)phthalonitrile with a water molecule located in lateral chain. Four molecules of 4-(9-hydroxy-1,4,7-trioxynonil)phthalonitrile and four water molecules were founded to be located in one unit cell with formatting eight intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Hence triethylene glycol fragment forms a chelate-like cavity which is able to hold a water molecule or a cation of alkali metal. It was found that its structure is very similar to that optimized at DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The some bond lengths of theoretical calculations are found to be greater than experiment data because of close intermolecular interactions in solid state.Forcitation:Kuznetsova A.S., Dmitriev M.V., Zav’yalov A.V., Koifman O.I., Islyaikin M.K. Synthesis and structure of 4-(9-hydroxy-1,4,7-trioxynonyl)phthalonitrile. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 3. P. 15-21.

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Liu, Da, Yichu Zheng, Xin Yuan Sui, Xue Feng Wu, Can Zou, Yu Peng, Xinyi Liu, et al. "Universal growth of perovskite thin monocrystals from high solute flux for sensitive self-driven X-ray detection." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (March 16, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46712-y.

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AbstractMetal-halide perovskite thin monocrystals featuring efficient carrier collection and transport capabilities are well suited for radiation detectors, yet their growth in a generic, well-controlled manner remains challenging. Here, we reveal that mass transfer is one major limiting factor during solution growth of perovskite thin monocrystals. A general approach is developed to overcome synthetic limitation by using a high solute flux system, in which mass diffusion coefficient is improved from 1.7×10–10 to 5.4×10–10 m2 s–1 by suppressing monomer aggregation. The generality of this approach is validated by the synthesis of 29 types of perovskite thin monocrystals at 40–90 °C with the growth velocity up to 27.2 μm min–1. The as-grown perovskite monocrystals deliver a high X-ray sensitivity of 1.74×105 µC Gy−1 cm−2 without applied bias. The findings regarding limited mass transfer and high-flux crystallization are crucial towards advancing the preparation and application of perovskite thin monocrystals.

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Zhang, Jing, and Nursultan Japashov. "Investigation and optimisation of a lithium-drift silicon detector using Si–Li structure and bidirectional diffusion and drift techniques." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry, January 15, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2023-0034.

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Abstract The research relevance is predefined by the continuous development and improvement of radiation analysis methods and the need for more efficient and accurate detectors for various applications. This research may improve the sensitivity and resolution of Si(Li) detectors, which is important for scientific and industrial research as well as radiation safety monitoring. The research aims to analyse and improve the performance of a Si(Li) lithium-drift silicon detector. The methods used include an analytical method, classification method, functional method, statistical method, synthesis method and others. The results of the two-sided observation of lithium diffusion in silicon monocrystals provided valuable information about the characteristics of the process and its dependence on the method of silicon production. A large-diameter detector detection mode was found to be important for optimising the production of such detectors. The diffusion process in monocrystalline silicon produced by the shadowless zone melting method is relatively fast. This means that lithium ions penetrate the material rapidly and spread evenly throughout its volume. This fast diffusion process can be useful for detectors that need to respond quickly to incoming signals. It was found that in monocrystalline silicon produced by the Czochralski method, there is a delayed penetration of lithium ions.

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Pich, Rosa, Sonia Ladeira, Pierre Lavedan, Jean-François Lahitte, Jean-Christophe Remigy, Daniel Pla, and Montserrat Gómez. "A mechanistic insight on CuI‐catalyzed synthesis of oxazolidinones through a four‐component reaction." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, January 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.202301303.

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In this contribution, we describe a straightforward and efficient synthesis of oxazolidin‐2‐ones through a Cu(I)‐catalyzed four‐component coupling of amines, aldehydes, terminal alkynes, and CO2 via carboxylative cyclization of propargyl amine intermediates. This strategy enables the selective synthesis of a variety of (Z)‐5‐alkylidene‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones substituted in position 3 and 4 of the heterocyclic core with a variety of functional groups, well‐tolerated in terms of scope. A mechanistic study was carried out monitoring the process by different techniques (operando FTIR, multi‐nuclear NMR), with the aim of identifying the intermediates, both organic compounds and Cu(I) coordination complexes, which showed the plausible multi‐metallic nature of the catalytic intermediates (identified by X‐ray diffraction analyses on monocrystal).

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Hammami, Saoussen, Sihem Sebai, David Jegouso, Valerie Reita, Nassira Chniba Boudjada, and Adel Megriche. "Magnetic and Photon Cascade Emission of Gd3+ of NaGd(PO3)4 Monocrystal Under Appropriate Synthesis Conditions." Journal of Physical Chemistry & Biophysics 07, no. 03 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0398.1000255.

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Rong, Zhiguo, Canfeng Fang, Zhongyuan Zhang, Wenfang Miao, Xiyang Li, Jingshuang Liang, Wenfei Yang, et al. "One-step Synthesis of Carbon-coated Monocrystal Molybdenum Oxides Nanocomposite as High-capacity Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries." Journal of Materiomics, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2020.11.013.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Monocrystals Synthesis'

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