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Journal articles on the topic 'Monoamides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 September 2023

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1

McCann, Kevin, Sergey I. Sinkov, Gregg J. Lumetta, and Jenifer C. Shafer. "Inner versus outer sphere metal-monoamide complexation: ramifications for tetravalent & hexavalent actinide selectivity." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 7 (2018): 5415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj04851c.

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Extraction of tetravalent and hexavalent plutonium by straight and branched chained monoamides was studied using UV-vis spectroscopy. These results suggest straight monoamides recover outer-sphere species, while branched chain monoamides recover inner-sphere species.

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2

Canela-Xandri, Anna, Gemma Villorbina, Mercè Balcells, Xavier Fernández-Francos, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Ramon Canela-Garayoa. "Synthesis and Thermophysical Characterization of Fatty Amides for Thermal Energy Storage." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 3777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203777.

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Nine monoamides were synthesized from carboxylic acids (C8–C18) and crude glycerol. The final monoamides were the result of a rearrangement of the acyl chain during the final hydrogenation process. The purity of the final compounds was determined by spectroscopic and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. The thermophysical properties of solid monoamides were investigated to determine their capability to act as phase change materials (PCM) in thermal energy storage. Thermophysical properties were determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The melting temperatures of the analyzed material ranged from 62.2 °C to 116.4 °C. The analyzed enthalpy of these monoamides ranged from 25.8 kJ/kg to 149.7 kJ/kg. Enthalpy values are analyzed considering the carbon chain and the formation of hydrogen bonds.

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3

Sieffert, Nicolas, and Georges Wipff. "Uranyl extraction by N,N-dialkylamide ligands studied using static and dynamic DFT simulations." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 6 (2015): 2623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02443e.

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4

Jones, R., A. G. M. Rattray, S. J. Rettig, J. R. Scheffer, and J. Trotter. "Structures and photochemistry of dibenzobarrelene monoamides." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768196009056.

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The photochemistry of 9,10-ethenoanthracene-11-monoamides has been studied and correlated with the crystal structures determined for two derivatives; photoproduct structures have been established from a crystal structure analysis of one of the products and from NMR correlations. Crystal data are: (1)-Et, N, N-diethyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethenoanthracene-11-carboxamide, C21H21NO, Pbca; (1)-Pr, 9,10-dihydro-N,N-di(isopropyl)-9,10-ethenoanthracene-11-carboxamide, C23H25NO, P21/c; (2 L)-Bz, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethenoanthracene-11-spiro-3′-(1-benzyl-4-phenylazetidine)-2′-one, C31H25NO (+ solvent), P21/a (Z = 8). The two dibenzobarrelene molecules have geometries and dimensions similar to those of related materials; the amide group in each molecule is only partially conjugated with the C 11=C 12 double bond. Mechanisms are derived for the formation of three types of photoproduct: (i) the well known di-π-methane reaction [(2M)-type photoproduct]; (ii) a hydrogen abstraction process (2H); (iii) β-lactam formation (2 L).

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5

Pintus, Anna, M. Carla Aragoni, Gianfranco Carcangiu, Laura Giacopetti, Francesco Isaia, Vito Lippolis, Laura Maiore, Paola Meloni, and Massimiliano Arca. "Density functional theory modelling of protective agents for carbonate stones: a case study of oxalate and oxamate inorganic salts." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 14 (2018): 11593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01714j.

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DFT calculations allowed investigating the ability of oxalate monoesters and monoamides salts to act as protective agents for carbonate stones, such as marble or limestones, of historical interest in the field of cultural heritage.

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6

Fischer, Róbert, and Mária Fišerová. "Direct synthesis of furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid monoamides." Arkivoc 2015, no. 7 (September 16, 2015): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.p009.239.

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7

Valerio-Alfaro, Gerardo, Patricia Harumi Castillo-Carrasco, Olaya Pirene Castellanos Onorio, and Jorge Bautista Naranjos. "Highly Efficient Lipase Catalyzed Monoaminolysis Reaction of Diesters with Benzylamine." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 6 (June 2019): 1934578X1985998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19859980.

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Preparation of amides by biocatalyzed aminolysis reactions has greatly increased because these processes play an important role in the preparation of some pharmaceutical products and their intermediates. A highly efficient synthesis of malonic (5), succinic (6), and malic (8) monoamide esters by desymmetrization transformations (mono aminolysis reactions) of their diesters is presented. The immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (CaL-B, Novozym 435) catalyzed the mono aminolysis of bifunctional compounds: diesters such as diethyl malonate (1), diethyl succinate (2), and ( R, S)-malate (3), leading to their corresponding monoamides (5), (6), and (8), respectively, with high conversions after a 24 hour reaction in the presence of an organic solvent. Increasing the solvent polarity from toluene, methyl t-butyl ether to dioxane led to an improved conversion. According to qualitative and quantitative GC-MS analysis, conversions of diesters (1), (2), and (3) into their mono amide esters were in the range 65%-97%. CaL-B was the best biocatalyst of the commercial lipases used, including those from Candida rugosa, Rhizomucor miehei, Carica papaya, and Pseudomonas cepacia. Likewise, a yield of 91% regioisomeric, but virtually racemic ( R,S)-mono amide (8) was obtained as the single product in dioxane.

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8

Giroux, Se´bastien, Patrice Rubini, Christine Ge´rardin, Claude Selve, and Bernard Henry. "Hydrophobic tartaric acid monoamides as complexing and tensioactive agents." New Journal of Chemistry 24, no. 3 (2000): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a909430j.

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9

Klimenkovs, Igors, Eduards Bakis, and Anda Priksane. "Propanephosphonic Acid Anhydride–Mediated Cyclodehydration of Maleic Acid Monoamides." Synthetic Communications 43, no. 19 (June 26, 2013): 2634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2012.727060.

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10

Wauke, Hisashi, Kazumasa Matsuo, Kenji Matsumoto, and Mitsuru Shindo. "Synthesis of Dissymmetric Malonic Acid Monoamides from Symmetric Dithiomalonates." ChemistrySelect 1, no. 21 (December 16, 2016): 6830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201601694.

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11

Dolzhenko, A. V., N. V. Kolotova, V. P. Kotegov, B. Ya Syropyatov, M. V. Vasilyuk, G. V. Rudakova, V. V. Novikova, and V. P. Feshin. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Substituted Tetrachlorophthalic Acid Monoamides." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 39, no. 8 (August 2005): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-005-0169-x.

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12

López, Carlos, Manuel Vega, Elena Sanna, Carmen Rotger, and Antoni Costa. "Efficient microwave-assisted preparation of squaric acid monoamides in water." RSC Advances 3, no. 20 (2013): 7249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra41369a.

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13

Liu, Kaiqiang, Ni Yan, Junxia Peng, Jing Liu, Qiuhong Zhang, and Yu Fang. "Supramolecular gels based on organic diacid monoamides of cholesteryl glycinate." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 327, no. 1 (November 2008): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.08.014.

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14

Bazarova, Ekaterina A., and Yuliya S. Kameneva. "The performance evaluation of dicarboxylic acid monoamides as collectors for copper-nickel ore flotation process." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (December 27, 2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.003.

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The paper considers review and study of dicarboxylic acid monoamides, which is the nitrogen-containing derivatives class for copper-nickel ore flotation process. The collective properties evaluation of the considered collectors about sulfide minerals is carried out by frothless flotation method and laboratory tests, and the performance of the reagents is compared with traditional collector for copper-nickel ores — xanthate. It has been shown that the trend of specific reagent action in relation to nickel is preserved, and the increase in the proportion of the reagent replacing xanthate grows in nickel recovery.

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15

Vasudevan, T., M. S. Murali, M. S. Nagar, and J. N. Mathur. "EXTRACTION OF U(VI) FROM NITRATE AND THIOCYANATE MEDIA WITH MONOAMIDES." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 20, no. 6 (January 11, 2002): 665–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sei-120016072.

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16

Mahanty, Bholanath, Avinash S. Kanekar, Seraj A. Ansari, Arunasis Bhattacharyya, and Prasanta K. Mohapatra. "Separation of neptunium from actinides by monoamides: a solvent extraction study." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-3074.

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Abstract Separation of neptunium from a mixture of actinides viz. uranium, neptunium and plutonium was evaluated using two monoamides, viz. N,N,-dihexyl octanamide (DHOA) and N,N,-dihexyl decanamide (DHDA). The extraction of actinides with these ligands followed the order: U(VI)>Np(IV)>>Pu(III). Poor extraction of Pu(III) with both the amides (DHOA and DHDA) was exploited for the mutual separation of U, Pu and Np. At 3 M HNO3, DHDA was a better extractant for all the three metal ions while Pu(III) extraction was one order magnitude lower with DHOA as compared to that seen with DHDA. Consequently, better separation factor of U(VI)/Np(IV) over Pu(III) was obtained with DHOA. In the actinide mixed solution, Pu was reduced to its +3 state followed by selective extraction of U(VI) and Np(IV). Subsequently, the mutual separation of U(VI) and Np(IV) was carried out by selective complexation and stripping of Np(IV) by acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) at 2 M HNO3, where U(VI) remained in the organic phase. The purity of the separated actinides was confirmed by alpha spectrometry. A separation scheme for the separation of Np from radioactive waste/high level waste has been proposed.

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17

Cross, G. G., and T. M. Fyles. "On the Synthesis of Monoamides of 18-Crown-6-tetracarboxylic Acid." Journal of Organic Chemistry 62, no. 18 (September 1997): 6226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo970707c.

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18

Jouffret, F., PJ Madec, and E. Maréchal. "Synthèse de polyamides par polycondensation de monoamides α-amine-ω-ester." Journal de Chimie Physique 93 (1996): 1427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1996931427.

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19

CROSS, G. G., and T. M. FYLES. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monoamides of 18-Crown-6-tetracarboxylic Acid." ChemInform 29, no. 3 (June 24, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199803178.

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20

Glüsenkamp, K. H., W. Drosdziok, G. Eberle, E. Jähde, and M. F. Rajewsky. "Squaric Acid Diethylester: A Simple And Convenient Coupling Reagent." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1991): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-5-622.

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A new method for the covalent modification of polymers in a two-step process is described. Squaric acid diethylester reacts with primary or secondary aliphatic amines selectively to ester amides. It is shown for the first time that this class of compounds react with polymeric systems containing amine functionalities (e.g. ε-amino groups of proteins) in aqueous solution, forming stable squaric acid diamide linkages. Three different monoamides were synthesized and the reaction rates of diamide formation versus hydrolysis were determined. Detailed kinetic studies revealed that unwanted hydrolytic side-reactions are more than ten times slower than the formation of squaric acid diamides

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21

Bhattacharya, A., S. Banerjee, P. Mohapatra, S. Basu, and V. Manchanda. "Extraction of Ternary Beta‐Diketonates of Uranyl Ion Using Some Substituted Monoamides." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 21, no. 5 (2003): 687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sei-120024551.

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22

Fuhrhop, Juergen Hinrich, Corinna Demoulin, Joerg Rosenberg, and Christoph Boettcher. "Cloth-like aggregates of micellar fibers made of N-dodecyltartaric acid monoamides." Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, no. 7 (March 1990): 2827–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a069.

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23

Ju, Zhi-Yu, Yong Ye, Shang-Bin Zhong, Ru-Yi Zou, Xin-Cheng Liao, and Yu-Fen Zhao. "A novel rearrangement in ESI-MSn of spirocyclic pentaerythritol di(phosphate monoamides)." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 273, no. 1-2 (June 2008): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2008.02.009.

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24

Stankevič, Marek, and Jolanta Bazan. "Two-Fold Modification of the Phenyl Substituent in Phenylphosphonic Acid Monoester Monoamides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 77, no. 18 (September 7, 2012): 8244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo301526k.

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25

Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo, Mariano Walter Pertino, Jaime A. Rodriguez, Francisco Monsalve, Daniel Droguett, and Cristina Theoduloz. "Synthesis, Gastroprotective Effect and Cytotoxicity of New Amino Acid Diterpene Monoamides and Diamides." Molecules 15, no. 10 (October 21, 2010): 7378–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules15107378.

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26

RABBE, C., C. MADIC, and A. GODARD. "MOLECULAR MODELING STUDY OF URANYL NITRATE EXTRACTION WITH MONOAMIDES I. QUANTUM CHEMISTRY APPROACH." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 16, no. 4 (July 1998): 1091–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299808934570.

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27

Shen, Hao, and Zuowei Xie. "ChemInform Abstract: Constrained-Geometry Titanacarborane Monoamides: From Synthesis and Reactivity to Catalytic Applications." ChemInform 43, no. 18 (April 5, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201218240.

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28

Golub, Tatiana, and James Y. Becker. "Anodic oxidation of bisamides from diaminoalkanes by constant current electrolysis." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (April 16, 2018): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.72.

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In general, bisamides derived from diamines and involving 3 and 4 methylene groups as spacers between the two amide functionalities behave similar to monoamides upon anodic oxidation in methanol/LiClO4 because both types undergo majorly mono- and dimethoxylations at the α-position to the N atom. However, in cases where the spacer contains two methylene groups only the anodic process leads mostly to CH2–CH2 bond cleavage to afford products of type RCONHCH2OCH3. Moreover, upon replacing LiClO4 with Et4NBF4 an additional fragmentation type of product was generated from the latter amides, namely RCONHCHO. Also, the anodic process was found to be more efficient with C felt as the anode, and in a mixture of 1:1 methanol/acetonitrile co-solvents.

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29

Mokshina, Nadezhda Ya, Oksana A. Pakhomova, Gennadiy V. Shatalov, and Irina I. Kosinova. "INTERPHASE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME AMINO ACIDS IN EXTRACTION SYSTEMS BASED ON N-VINYLFORMAMIDE COPOLYMERS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196201.5763.

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The extraction characteristics of amino acids and mono-amides of acids were studied using copolymers of N-vinylformamide with 1-vinyl- and 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole as extractants. Synthesis of water-soluble copolymers was carried out by radical copolymerization in dioxane with thermoinitiation with dinitro-azobisisomoic acid. The distribution coefficients and the degree of extraction of analytes for a single extraction in the presence of a salting out agent are calculated. To determine the representatives of amino acids, the method of capillary electrophoresis was used. The most effective extraction systems for the extraction of amino acids and monoamides of acids are proposed: the intrinsic viscosity of polymers, the concentration of polymer and analyte solution, the ratio of phase volumes, the ratio of the mole fractions of N-vinylformamide to 1-vinyl and 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole. The results of the most effective interfacial distribution of lysine between a water-salt solution and an extractant are presented, which is a copolymer of N-vinylformamide with 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole. The concentration of the copolymer and the ratio of the volumes of equilibrium phases at which the maximum degree of lysine extraction is reached are established. A copolymer of N-vinylformamide with 1-vinyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole is used for simultaneous extraction of cystine, asparagine and glutamine. The established extraction characteristics allowed a successful separate determination of the amino acid cystine and monoamides (asparagine and glutamine) in a joint presence in an aqueous solution. When choosing the conditions for separate electrophoretic determination of amino acids, the optimal composition of the buffer solution, the type and concentration of the micelle was found. The dependence of the structure of the analytes on their interphase distribution was established, and the complexing power of the copolymers of N-vinylformamide with 1-vinyl- and 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole was revealed with respect to the representatives of amino acids. The extraction systems used on the basis of N-vinylformamide copolymers are distinguished by ecological and economic expediency, good metrological indices.

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30

Stanciu, Corneliu, Shirley S. Hino, Matthias Stender, Anne F. Richards, Marilyn M. Olmstead, and Philip P. Power. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ge(II), Sn(II), and Pb(II) Monoamides with −NH2Ligands." Inorganic Chemistry 44, no. 8 (April 2005): 2774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic048362l.

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31

Prestianni, Antonio, Laurent Joubert, Alexandre Chagnes, Gerard Cote, Marie-Noelle Ohnet, Catherine Rabbe, Marie-Christine Charbonnel, and Carlo Adamo. "IR Fingerprints of U(VI) Nitrate Monoamides Complexes: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 114, no. 40 (October 14, 2010): 10878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp106467p.

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32

Shakirova, A. B., L. M. Korkodinova, O. Yu Smolina, and L. G. Mardanova. "Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of substituted monoamides, diamides, and esteroamides of N-oxalylanthranilic acid." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 38, no. 10 (October 2004): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-005-0006-2.

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33

Murtazina, Alya R., Nadegda S. Bondarenko, Tatiana S. Pronina, Kristina I. Chandran, Vsevolod V. Bogdanov, Lilya K. Dilmukhametova, and Michael V. Ugrumov. "A Comparative Analysis of CSF and the Blood Levels of Monoamines As Neurohormones in Rats during Ontogenesis." Acta Naturae 13, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11516.

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According to the literature, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles contains numerous neuron-derived physiologically active substances that can function as neurohormones and contribute to volume neurotransmission in the periventricular region of the brain. This study was aimed at carrying out a comparative analysis of CSF and the blood levels of monoamines in rats during ontogenesis as an indicator of age-related characteristics of monoamine transport to body fluids and their function as neurohormones in volume neurotransmission in the periventricular region of the brain. We have shown that CSF in the perinatal period and adulthood contains the most functionally significant monoamines: dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. A comparison of the monoamine levels in the CSF and blood of animals of different age groups revealed that CSF contains monoamines of predominantly neuronal (cerebral) origin and almost no monoamines derived from the general circulation. We also established that monoamines are found in the CSF at physiologically active levels that allow them to act as neurohormones in both reversible volume neurotransmission in the adult brain and irreversible regulation of brain development in the perinatal period.

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34

Mowafy, E. A., and H. F. Aly. "EXTRACTION OF ACTINIDES AND SELECTED FISSION PRODUCTS FROM NITRIC ACID MEDIUM USING LONG CHAIN MONOAMIDES." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 19, no. 4 (July 31, 2001): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sei-100103812.

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35

Rosowsky, Andre, Henry Bader, Mary Radike-Smith, Carol A. Cucchi, Michael M. Wick, and James H. Freisheim. "Methotrexate analogs. 28. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new .gamma.-monoamides of aminopterin and methotrexate." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 29, no. 9 (September 1986): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00159a023.

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36

Wang, Ye, Kazuya Yamaguchi, and Noritaka Mizuno. "Manganese Oxide Promoted Liquid-Phase Aerobic Oxidative Amidation of Methylarenes to Monoamides Using Ammonia Surrogates." Angewandte Chemie 124, no. 29 (June 11, 2012): 7362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201203098.

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37

Wang, Ye, Kazuya Yamaguchi, and Noritaka Mizuno. "Manganese Oxide Promoted Liquid-Phase Aerobic Oxidative Amidation of Methylarenes to Monoamides Using Ammonia Surrogates." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, no. 29 (June 11, 2012): 7250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201203098.

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38

Guranova, Natalia, Lyudmila Yakovleva, Olga Bakulina, Dmitry Dar’in, and Mikhail Krasavin. "Extending the Scope of the New Variant of the Castagnoli–Cushman Cyclocondensation onto o-Methyl Benzoic Acids Bearing Various Electron-Withdrawing Groups in the α-Position." Molecules 27, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 7211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217211.

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Based on the previously reported involvement of homophthalic acid monoesters in the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction-type cyclocondensation with imines, we tested a number of other o-methyl benzoic acids bearing various electron-withdrawing groups in the α-position. The majority of these substrates delivered the expected tetrahydroisoquinolone adducts on activation with CDI or acetic anhydride. Homophthalic acid mononitriles displayed the highest promise as substrates for the new reaction, both in terms of scope and product yields. Homophthalic acid monoamides either gave low yields or failed to react with imines. Sulfonyl-substituted substrates gave the desired (and hitherto unknown) type of tetrahydroisoquinolines. Despite the low yields, this approach to sulfonyl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines appears practical as alternative syntheses based on the traditional, carboxylic acid CCR adducts would presumably be cumbersome and multistep. The azido- and nitro-substituted o-methyl benzoic acids failed to react with imines.

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39

Zhou, Shi-Sheng, Yi-Ming Zhou, Da Li, and Qiang Ma. "Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?" Autism Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963697.

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Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects boys more than girls, is often associated with altered levels of monoamines (serotonin and catecholamines), especially elevated serotonin levels. The monoamines act as both neurotransmitters and signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal and immune systems. The evidence related to monoamine metabolism may be summarized as follows: (i) monoamine neurotransmitters are enzymatically degraded/inactivated by three mechanisms: oxidative deamination, methylation, and sulfation. The latter two are limited by the supply of methyl groups and sulfate, respectively. (ii) A decrease in methylation- and sulfation-mediated monoamine inactivation can be compensated by an increase in the oxidative deamination catalyzed by monoamine oxidase, an X-linked enzyme exhibiting higher activity in females than in males. (iii) Vitamins can, on one hand, facilitate the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters and, on the other hand, inhibit their inactivation by competing for methylation and sulfation. Therefore, we postulate that excess multivitamin feeding in early infancy, which has become very popular over the past few decades, may be a potential risk factor for disturbed monoamine metabolism. In this paper, we will focus on the relationship between excess multivitamin exposure and the inactivation/degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters and its possible role in the development of autism.

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40

Anlauf, Martin, Rolf Eissele, Martin K. H. Schäfer, Lee E. Eiden, Rudolf Arnold, Ursula Pauser, Günter Klöppel, and Eberhard Weihe. "Expression of the Two Isoforms of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT1 and VMAT2) in the Endocrine Pancreas and Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 8 (August 2003): 1027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100806.

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The uptake of monoamines into the secretory granules of monoamine-storing neuroendocrine cells is mediated by vesicular monoamine transporter protein 1 or 2 (VMAT1 or VMAT2). This study analyzed the expression of VMAT1 and VMAT2 in endocrine cells of normal human and monkey pancreas. The expression of VMAT1 and VMAT2 was also examined in infants with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and in adults with pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs). Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH), we demonstrated the mutually exclusive expression of VMAT1 in endocrine cells of the duct system and of VMAT2 in many cells of the islets of Langerhans. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, VMAT1-positive cells were identified as enterochromaffin (EC) cells and VMAT2-positive cells as β-cells. In PETs, VMAT1 was found exclusively in all serotonin-containing tumors. In contrast, VMAT2 expression was lost in many insulinomas, independent of their biological behavior. VMAT2 was expressed by some non-insulin-producing tumors. The mutually exclusive expression of VMAT1 in EC cells and of VMAT2 in β-cells suggests that both cell types store monoamines. Monoamine storage mediated by VMAT1 in EC cells is apparently maintained in EC cell tumors. In contrast, many insulinomas appear to lose their ability to accumulate monoamines via VMAT2.

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41

Mowafy, E. A., and D. Mohamed. "Extraction and separation of gold(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions using long chain structurally tailored monoamides." Separation and Purification Technology 167 (July 2016): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.05.012.

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Kumar, Rohit, Seraj A. Ansari, Pankaj Kandwal, and Prasanta K. Mohapatra. "Pertraction of U(VI) through liquid membranes using monoamides as carrier ligands: experimental and theoretical studies." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 323, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06998-5.

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43

Czifrák, Katalin, Zsuzsa Hadady, Tibor Docsa, Pál Gergely, Jürgen Schmidt, Ludger Wessjohann, and László Somsák. "Synthesis of N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl) monoamides of dicarboxylic acids as potential inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase." Carbohydrate Research 341, no. 8 (June 2006): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.002.

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44

Gowda, B. Thimme, and Mahesha Shetty. "Kinetics of oxidation of acidic amino acids and their monoamides byN-chloroarylsulphonamides in aqueous acidic medium." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 17, no. 10 (September 17, 2004): 848–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.758.

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Mooslehner, Katrin A., Pok Man Chan, Weiming Xu, Lizhi Liu, Claire Smadja, Trevor Humby, Nicholas D. Allen, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, and Piers C. Emson. "Mice with Very Low Expression of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Gene Survive into Adulthood: Potential Mouse Model for Parkinsonism." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 16 (August 15, 2001): 5321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.16.5321-5331.2001.

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ABSTRACT We have created a transgenic mouse with a hypomorphic allele of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Vmat2) gene by gene targeting. These mice (KA1) have profound changes in monoamine metabolism and function and survive into adulthood. Specifically, these animals express very low levels of VMAT2, an endogenous protein which sequesters monoamines intracellularly into vesicles, a process that, in addition to being important in normal transmission, may also act to keep intracellular levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters below potentially toxic thresholds. Homozygous mice show large reductions in brain tissue monoamines, motor impairments, enhanced sensitivity to dopamine agonism, and changes in the chemical neuroanatomy of the striatum that are consistent with alterations in the balance of the striatonigral (direct) and striatopallidal (indirect) pathways. The VMAT2-deficient KA1 mice are also more vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in terms of nigral dopamine cell death. We suggest that the mice may be of value in examining, long term, the insidious damaging consequences of abnormal intracellular handling of monoamines. On the basis of our current findings, the mice are likely to prove of immediate interest to aspects of the symptomatology of parkinsonism. They may also, however, be of use in probing other aspects of monoaminergic function and dysfunction in the brain, the latter making important contributions to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and addiction.

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46

Lungu, Lidia, Svetlana Blaja, Caleria Cucicova, Alexandru Ciocarlan, Alic Barba, Veaceslav Kulcițki, Sergiu Shova, et al. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Homodrimane Sesquiterpenoids with a Benzimidazole Unit." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030933.

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Herein we report a feasible study concerning the synthesis and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of some new homodrimane sesquiterpenoids with a benzimidazole unit. Based on some homodrimane carboxylic acids, on their acyl chlorides and intermediate monoamides, a series of seven N-homodrimenoyl-2-amino-1,3-benzimidazoles and 2-homodrimenyl-1,3-benzimidazoles was synthesized. The syntheses involved the decarboxylative cyclization and condensation of the said acids or acyl chlorides with o-phenylendiamine and 2-aminobenzimidazole, as well as the p-TsOH-mediated cyclodehydration of the said monoacylamides. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been fully confirmed, including by the X-ray diffraction. Their biological activities were evaluated on five species of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. frequentans, and Alternaria alternata) and two strains of bacteria (Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Compounds 7 and 20 showed higher antifungal (MIC = 0.064 and 0.05 μg/mL) and antibacterial (MIC = 0.05 and 0.032 μg/mL) activities compared to those of the standards: caspofungin (MIC = 0.32 μg/mL) and kanamycin (MIC = 2.0 μg/mL), and compounds 4, 10, 14, and 19 had moderate activities.

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Borovlev, Ivan, Oleg Demidov, Gulminat Amangasieva, and Elena Avakyan. "Nucleophilic Addition of Amides to 10-Alkylacridinium Cations: A Case of Double N-Nucleophilicity of Some Monoamides." Synthesis 49, no. 16 (April 18, 2017): 3710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588786.

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An effective synthesis of N-(10-alkyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-9-yl) derivatives of amides, ureas, and urethanes has been developed. Additionally, the spatially overloaded molecules of N,N-bis(10-alkyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-9-yl)acrylamide were obtained in the case of formamide and acrylamide.

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Wang, Ye, Kazuya Yamaguchi, and Noritaka Mizuno. "ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Oxide Promoted Liquid-Phase Aerobic Oxidative Amidation of Methylarenes to Monoamides Using Ammonia Surrogates." ChemInform 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201301052.

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Pischetsrieder, Monika, Bernd Larisch, and Wolfgang Seidel. "Immunochemical Detection of Oxalic Acid Monoamides That Are Formed during the Oxidative Reaction ofl-Ascorbic Acid and Proteins." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, no. 6 (June 1997): 2070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960919v.

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Minisci, Francesco, Francesca Fontana, Fausta Coppa, and Yong Ming Yan. "Reactivity of Carbamoyl Radicals. A New, General, Convenient Free-Radical Synthesis of Isocyanates from Monoamides of Oxalic Acid." Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 17 (September 1995): 5430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a020.

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