Journal articles: 'Monitoring smoke'

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Perfetti, TA, and WM Coleman. "Chiral-Gas Chromatography-Selected Ion Monitoring-Mass Selective Detection Analysis of Tobacco Materials and Tobacco Smoke." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 18, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0664.

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AbstractA novel method for the detection, separation, and quantification of the optical isomers of nicotine has been developed. The method has been applied to analyse extracts of tobacco seeds, processed tobacco suspensions, reconstituted tobacco sheet materials, individual tobacco varieties, blends of tobaccos, and cigarette smoke condensate. The methodology does not involve any further sample preparation other than that which is normally used to analyse tobacco alkaloids by the modified method of Gordon et al. (73), or the standard FTC smoke analysis routinely performed by most tobacco and smoke analysis laboratories. Near baseline resolution was obtained for enantiomers, yielding a lower detection limit of approximately 2 % d-nicotine in a mixture of d-and l-nicotine. There was essentially no d-nicotine found in any of the tobacco samples. Detectable levels of d-nicotine were found in most of the samples of cigarette smoke condensate when the cigarettes were smoke by the FTC method. The presence of Oriental tobacco in the cigarette appeared to be related to whether d-nicotine was generated in the mainstream cigarette smoke condensate. When the same cigarettes were smoked under a more stressful puffing regime the level of d-nicotine in the smoke did not increase and in some cases the level of d-nicotine decreased. This work supports prior literature that detected and quantified the presence of d-nicotine in cigarette smoke condensate.

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Coles, E. "Up in smoke [emissions monitoring]." Power Engineer 19, no. 3 (2005): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20050309.

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Baker, RR, and LS Lewis. "A Review of the Incidence and Consequences of Cigarette Filter Vent Blocking Among Smokers." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 19, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0709.

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AbstractVent blocking, the covering of the filter ventilation zone on a cigarette during smoking, is a potentially important aspect of smoking behavior. Various techniques have been used to assess the incidence of vent blocking, and widely different views have been expressed on its importance. Studies relevant to filter vent blocking have been reviewed with two overall objectives: to examine critically the evidence on the occurrence of vent blocking and to assess the effects of vent blocking on the smoke yield to the smoker. The reviewed studies fall into four main categories: (1) measurements of the incidence of filter vent blocking among smokers; (2) the observed effects of vent blocking on cigarette ventilation and machine smoke yields; (3) the effect of experimentally blocking vents on human smoke yields; and (4) simultaneous determination of vent blocking and smoke yield under human smoking conditions. Direct observation indicates that only 4% of smokers have their fingers in direct contact with the cigarette during puffing. Estimates of vent blocking incidence by lips during smoking range from 15-24% (saliva-staining technique) to up to 50% ('tar’ staining pattern technique) of smokers. For those smokers who do block the ventilation zone, a mean of 27% of the vents are blocked, and a maximum of about 50%. When the cigarettes are machine-smoked, the smoke yield increases in a highly non-linear manner as the blocked portion of the filter ventilation zone increases. This effect is also more pronounced at higher original filter ventilation levels. In contrast, smoking behavior monitoring techniques have shown that when the experimenter deliberately blocks the vent zone, the human smoker adjusts by taking smaller and fewer puffs. The blocked filter affects the yields of smoke components to the smoker less than it does smoking-machine measured yields. It is concluded that the incidence of vent zone blocking by fingers is quite low and relatively insignificant. The most reliable estimate for lip blocking is that up to 25% of smokers may cover the vent zone during at least one puff and for most smokers the coverage is partial. Ventilation zone blocking as it occurs in practice has only a relatively minor effect on human smoke yields compared to other smoker behavior factors. When a human smoker inadvertently partially or completely blocks the filter ventilation zone during smoking, he/she adjusts by taking smaller and fewer puffs. Because of these changes in puffing behavior during human smoking, predictions of the effects of filter vent blocking on smoke yields based solely on smoking machine yields are deceptive.

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Gifford, Heather, El-Shadan Tautolo, Judith P. McCool, Coral E. Gartner, Richard Edwards, and Raglan Maddox. "Getting there together: highlights, challenges and opportunities for tobacco control in the Oceania region." Tobacco Control 31, no. 2 (March 2022): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056542.

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BackgroundThe paper focuses on the geographical region of Oceania. We highlight the tobacco control leadership demonstrated in this region and describe the challenges and opportunities to achieving country-specific smoke-free goals.ResultsSignificant achievements include smoke-free nation goals, world-leading initiatives such as plain packaging, and a bold plan by New Zealand to reduce the retail availability of smoked tobacco products and remove virtually all the nicotine from cigarettes and rolling tobacco. There are significant challenges and opportunities before reaching smoke-free status including implementation pathways requiring strong governance and leadership and compliance monitoring and enforcement.ConclusionsWe conclude that achieving a smoke-free Oceania is possible through already existing bold country and regional smoke-free goals, excellent tobacco control leadership, experience and resources, and an understanding of how to work collectively. However, a commitment to focus tobacco control efforts regionally is required to achieve a smoke-free Oceania together.

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Allison, Robert S., Joshua M. Johnston, and Martin J. Wooster. "Sensors for Fire and Smoke Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 5402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165402.

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Simpson, Christopher D., and Luke P. Naeher. "Biological monitoring of wood-smoke exposure." Inhalation Toxicology 22, no. 2 (January 7, 2010): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958370903008862.

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Apelberg, Benjamin J., Lisa M. Hepp, Erika Avila-Tang, Lara Gundel, S. Katharine Hammond, Melbourne F. Hovell, Andrew Hyland, et al. "Environmental monitoring of secondhand smoke exposure." Tobacco Control 22, no. 3 (September 4, 2012): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050301.

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Cortez, Crystalynne D. "Validation of the Developed Multi-Gas Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.245.

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The study was a validation of a developed gas monitoring system. The objective of the study was to determine the accuracy of the prototype in identifying gas concentrations. Experimental research method was utilized in the study. In evaluating the system’s ability to sense carbon monoxide, toluene, methane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), smoke and ammonia, three trials tests using cigarette smoke, kitchen lighter gas and aromatic spirit of ammonia were conducted. The device was found to be sensitive with toluene, ammonia, smoke, carbon monoxide, LPG and methane. The system attained the accuracy of 90.10% in detecting LPG and 97.32% for methane using kitchen lighter gas test; 79.81% for carbon monoxide and 80% for smoke using the cigarette smoke test; and 85.54% for ammonia and 71.93% for toluene. In addition, an accuracy of 95.39% was attained as the device was compared to the reading of an existing PETC device in measuring carbon monoxide.

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Yang, Ruiwen, Armando Alcazar-Magana, Yanping L. Qian, and Michael C. Qian. "Smoked-Derived Volatile Phenol Analysis in Wine by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 5613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185613.

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Smoke-derived taint has become a significant concern for the U.S. wine industry, particularly on the west coast, and climate change is anticipated to aggravate it. High volatile phenols such as guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, and o-, p-, m-cresols have been suggested to be related to smoke-exposed grape and wine. This paper describes an analytical approach based on ethylene glycol/polydimethylsiloxane (EG/PDMS)-stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS) to quantify or estimate the concentrations of some smoke-related volatile phenols in wines. Correlation coefficients with R2 ≥ 0.990 were obtained. This method can quantify most smoked-related volatile phenols down to 0.5 μg/L in wine in selective ion monitoring mode. Recovery for the targeted volatile phenols ranged from 72.2% to 142.4% in the smoke-tainted wine matrix, except for 4-vinylguaiacol. The standard deviations of the volatile phenols were from 0 to 23% in smoke-tainted wine. The approach provides another tool to evaluate wine smoke exposure and potential smoke taint.

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Wang, Bo, Xuliang Yao, Yongqing Jiang, Chao Sun, and Mohammad Shabaz. "Design of a Real-Time Monitoring System for Smoke and Dust in Thermal Power Plants Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7212567.

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The major health hazards from smoke and dust are due to microscopic fine particles present in smoke as well as in dust. These fine particles, which are microscopic in nature, can penetrate into human lungs and give rise to a range of health problems such as irritation in eyes, a runny nose, throat infection, and chronic cardiac and lung diseases. There is a need to device such mechanisms that can monitor smoke in thermal power plants for timely control of smoke that can pollute air and affects adversely the people living nearby the plants. In order to solve the problems of low accuracy of monitoring results and long monitoring time in conventional methods, a real-time smoke and dust monitoring system in thermal power plants is proposed, which makes use of modified genetic algorithm (GA). The collection and calibration of various monitoring parameters are accomplished through sampling control. The smoke and dust emission real-time monitoring subsystems are employed for the monitoring in an accurate manner. A dual-channel TCP/IP protocol is used between remote and local controlling modules for secure and speedy communication of the system. The generic GA is improved on the basis of the problem statement, and the linear programming model is used to avoid the defect of code duplication with genetic operations. The experimental results show that the proposed smoke and dust monitoring system can effectively improve the accuracy of the monitoring results and also reduce the time complexity by providing solutions in a faster manner. The significance of the proposed technique is to provide a reliable basis for the smoke and dust emission control of thermal power plants for safeguarding the human health.

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KOTKOVA, O. N. "SAFETY MONITORING OF SMOKE STACKS PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.03.16.

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Industrial chimneys exposed to corrosive gases and temperatures frequently occur following injury - is the destruction of masonry lining and branching from the vertical. Monitoring the state of industrial structures allows to detect violations that occur in structures during the operation and can quickly deal with them.

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Peng, Chun-Chi, Kuei-Shu Hsu, Ming-Guo Her, Yen-Chia Peng, Jinn-Feng Jiang, and Yi-Jie Chen. "Remote monitoring of an omnidirectional smoke detection system using texture features image processing techniques." Engineering Computations 31, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 1611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2012-0256.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an early fire-alarm raising system based on video processing, and combine it with the omnidirectional projecting system. It not only gives alarm immediately in early fire so that people can be able to strive for more time to escape from the spot, but also solves problem of discontinued screen which was presented fire scene. Design/methodology/approach – The smoke detection system is made by image processing. The flowchart of smoke detection is improved, which the method of background updating can filter out the moving objects that only stay for a short time in the image; and avoids these objects being determined to be the background. Moreover, the authors extract the flickering area to separate the non-smoke and smoke from the candidate of smoke regions. Finally, the image processing is applied in omnidirectional projecting system, then presented the 360-degree fire scene. Findings – The results show that the smoke detection system can accurately detect the smoke and mark its location, then combining it with the omnidirectional projecting system, although the resolution of omnidirectional projecting system is not enough, it can present a continued screen and location of smoke on the 360-degree cylindrical screen. Originality/value – This paper develops the smoke detection based on a improved method of image processing, and the control center staff can see the 360-degree fire scene via omnidirectional projecting system, so shorten the time to find the source of smoke.

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Shalyavin, Denis N., Elena A. Shmeleva, Denis V. Tarakanov, and Boris B. Grinchenko. "WAYS TO PROVIDE SECURE WORKING CONDITIONS OF GAS AND SMOKE DIVERS THROUGH MONITORING THEIR HEART BEAT RATE." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 13, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2021-13-4-251-272.

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Background. In a device with compressed air in an environment unsuitable for breathing, it is necessary to ensure safe operating modes of gas and smoke divers based on remote monitoring of heart rate monitoring. Purpose. To develop a model of heart beat rate zone parameters for controlling the safety of gas and smoke divers in a breathing apparatus with compressed air in an nonserviceable environment. Materials and methods. 30 cadets (young men) aged 20-23 years took part in the study on the basis of the laboratory of functional diagnostics. The time interval for maintaining the maximum intensity of work when performing physical exercises on a treadmill and an exercise bike in firefighter combat clothing using a compressed air breathing apparatus and the heart rate during various physical exertion were recorded. The results were processed using Excel and SPSS Statistics 22 programs. Results. It is established that in the light zone of heart beat rate there is an exponential law of the distribution of the operating time, and in the moderate - the normal distribution. The constructed probabilistic model allows for well as information support for the decision-making process for assessing the secure workings of operating modes based on remote monitoring of the functional state of smoked divers. The novelty of the study is determined by the technical capabilities of the telemetry systems of modern breathing apparatus with compressed air. Conclusion. When designing telemetric systems for monitoring the safety of gas and smoke divers, taking into account the quantitative pulse indicator that characterizes their condition when performing fire extinguishing operations in an inhospitable environment, it is necessary to take into account the normal distribution of working time in the pulse zone and the level of efficiency of the gas and smoke divers.

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Utami, Firra Azzarah Trie, Werman Kasoep, and Nefy Puteri Novani. "Prototype Sistem Pendeteksi dan Penetralisir Asap Rokok pada Ruangan dengan Fitur Monitoring Suhu dan Kelembaban." CHIPSET 3, no. 01 (April 30, 2022): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/chipset.3.01.32-44.2022.

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This research was conducted with the aim of detecting and neutralizing cigarette smoke in a room using a messaging application—in this term is Telegram as notification to the user. The system is also equipped with room temperature and humidity monitoring features. In a room that is exposed to cigarette smoke does not have good air circulation, it will cause cigarette smoke not to come out quickly, this problem which will interfere with health, because of the smoke that is inhaled. In this case, we need a system that can detect and neutralize cigarette smoke. For cigarette smoke detection using the MQ-7 sensor, the DC fan and Ozone Generator will automatically turn on if the value on the MQ-7 sensor is greater than or equal to 74 Ppm and the system will also send a notification via Telegram that cigarette smoke is detected. This serves to neutralize air contaminated with cigarette smoke in the room. To monitor room temperature and humidity using the DHT11 sensor and the results of room temperature and humidity monitoring will be displayed on the mobile application.

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Abdullah, Abdullah. "DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM OF SMOKE CONCENTRATION WITH SMOKE DETECTOR AND CAMERA TRACKER." FISITEK : Jurnal Ilmu Fisika dan Teknologi 2, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/fisitek.v2i1.1433.

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Luceri, Francesca, Giuseppe Pieraccini, Gloriano Moneti, and Piero Dolara. "Primary Aromatic Amines from Side-Stream Cigarette Smoke are Common Contaminants of Indoor Air." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 3 (May 1993): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900302.

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A very sensitive mass-spectrometry method has been developed for the analysis of aromatic amines in tobacco smoke and in indoor air. Cigarettes were smoked with a smoking machine; the anwies from the smoke were trapped in a 5% HCl water solution containing internal standards and detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The amines measured were the following: aniline. 2-toluidine, 3-toluidine, 4-toluidine, 2-ethylaniline, 3-ethylaniline, 4-ethylaniline, 2,3-dimethylaniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 2,5-dimethylaniline, 2,6-dimethylaniline, 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 2-methyl-1-naphthylamine, 2-aminobiphenyl,3-aminobiphenyl and 4-aminobiphenyl. We analyzed nine brands of cigarettes sold commercially in Italy (Gauloise, Nazionali, Marlboro, Camel, MS, MS mild and MS lights), with and without filter. Main-stream smoke contained a lower amount of aromatic amines than side-stream smoke: the total level of these amines in main-stream smoke ranged from 200 to 1300 nglcigarette, whereas the level of aromatic amines in side-stream smoke varied from 20,000 to 30,000 nglcigarette. The smoke of black-tobacco cigarettes had higher levels of aromatic amines compared to light-tobacco cigarettes and the filters significantly reduced aromatic amines in main-stream smoke. We also determined the levels of aromatic amines in ambient air, offices and houses. Some aromatic amines (aniline and toluidine) were detected in ambient air, as well as in rooms of non-smokers. Most measurements showed a considerable contamination of aromatic amines derived from side-stream smoke, which was detected also in parts of the buildings in which smoking was not allowed.

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Hong, Yun. "Intelligent Smoke Temperature Alarm System Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1648.

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This device is used to detect gas, butane, propane, methane, alcohol, hydrogen gas, smoke, etc. It is mainly used to implement intelligent monitoring environmental tobacco smoke temperature changes, and abnormal smoke concentration and temperature for alarm processing functions.

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Koong, Heng-Nung, Deborah Khoo, Cheryl Higbee, Mark Travers, Andrew Hyland, K. Michael Cummings, and Carolyn Dresler. "Global Air Monitoring Study: A Multi-country Comparison of Levels of Indoor Air Pollution in Different Workplaces." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 3 (March 15, 2009): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n3p202.

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Introduction: A local study completed in Singapore, which was part of an international multi- country study that aims to develop a global assessment of exposure to second-hand smoke in indoor workplaces, gathered data regarding the indoor air quality of public areas. It was hypothesised that air would be less polluted in non-smoking venues compared to places where smoking occurred. Materials and Methods: A TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor was used to sample and record the levels of respirable suspended particles (RSP) in the air. A broad range of venues were sampled in Singapore. The primary goal of data analysis was to assess the difference in the average levels of RSP in smoke-free and non smoke-free venues. Data was assessed at 3 levels: (a) the mean RSP across all venues sampled compared with the mean levels of smoke-free and non smoke-free venues, (b) levels in venues where smoking occurred compared with similar venues in Ireland, and (c) comparison between smoke-free and non smoke-free areas according to the type of venue. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: The level of indoor air pollution was 96% lower in smoke-free venues compared to non smoke-free venues. Averaged across each type of venue, the lowest levels of indoor air pollution were found in restaurants (17 μg/m3) and the highest in bars (622 μg/m3); both well above the US EPA Air Quality Index hazardous level of 251 ug/m3. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that workers and patrons are exposed to harmful levels of a known carcinogen and toxin. Policies that prohibit smoking in public areas dramatically reduce exposure and improve worker and patron health. Key words: Hospitality, PM, Second-hand smoke, Smoke-free

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Pugliese, Gina. "Smoke Tubes Not Reliable for Negative-Pressure Monitoring." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 17, no. 2 (February 1996): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700006238.

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Abdullah, Abdullah, Cholish Cholish, and Moh Zainul haq. "Pemanfaatan IoT (Internet of Things) Dalam Monitoring Kadar Kepekatan Asap dan Kendali Pergerakan Kamera." CIRCUIT: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Teknik Elektro 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/crc.v5i1.8497.

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Research has been carried out on the use of the Internet of Things in smoke density levels monitoring and camera movement control. Internet of Things as long distance communication for monitoring and control systems. In this research, the system can detect smoke levels and can monitor it via an android phone, besides this system is equipped with camera movement control so that the camera position can be controlled remotely to be positioned towards the center/source where smoke is detected, so this system is needed as building and industry security as a fire prevention. This study uses a smoke density detection sensor type MQ-2, Arduino Uno as a controller, Esp8266 as a Wifi module and a servo motor as a camera driver. The results of the tests that have been carried out prove that the system has been successfully integrated and works according to the target, which is to detect the concentration of smoke and monitor remotely via an android phone and camera movement control properly.

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Sari, Marti Widya, and Banu Santoso. "Developing Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System Using Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Network." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknosains 7, no. 2/Nov (November 5, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/jitek.v7i2/nov.9763.

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Since Indoor air quality heavily affects human health, the problem of indoor air quality needs serious attention, especially when the air quality is unfriendly and containing smoke. Therefore, it requires monitoring system to determine the smoke level in a room. This study aims to develop an indoor air monitoring system based on IoT and WSN to ease the users for monitoring the air quality in the surrounding environment. The research methods employed through library research, surveys and field observations, development system and testing system. The application development stage includes analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The air quality level monitoring application was built with the web based programming language, MySQL database, and Arduino. The level of air pollution was measured by an MQ-2 sensor that serves to detect smoke levels and a web-based application to display information. The indoor air quality monitoring system is able to display the data result through website which can be accessed via the internet. Therefore, users can access the data from the smoke-level measurement of monitored surrounding environment. The testing of the system shows that this application is feasible and applicable to be used as a device to monitor indoor air quality levels.

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Lundquist, P., H. Rosling, B. Sörbo, and L. Tibbling. "Cyanide concentrations in blood after cigarette smoking, as determined by a sensitive fluorimetric method." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.7.1228.

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Abstract Using the sensitive fluorimetric method described here, we evaluated the determination of blood cyanide as a method for monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. The mean concentration of cyanide in blood from eight nonsmokers was 0.098 (SD 0.036) mumol/L. The concentration of cyanide in blood of smokers who had refrained from smoking for at least 2 h before sampling peaked immediately after the subjects smoked a cigarette, then rapidly declined, with a half-life of about 4 min. Its rapid disappearance from blood makes cyanide an unsuitable marker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Because the ability of patients with hepatic dysfunction to detoxify cyanide has been presumed to be impaired, we monitored the concentrations of cyanide in the blood of four patients with severe hepatic insufficiency who smoked a cigarette. The rate of elimination of cyanide from blood after smoking was only slightly less in these patients than in the controls, and the difference was not statistically significant.

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Sun, Bingjian, Pengle Cheng, and Ying Huang. "Few-Shot Fine-Grained Forest Fire Smoke Recognition Based on Metric Learning." Sensors 22, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 8383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218383.

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To date, most existing forest fire smoke detection methods rely on coarse-grained identification, which only distinguishes between smoke and non-smoke. Thus, non-fire smoke and fire smoke are treated the same in these methods, resulting in false alarms within the smoke classes. The fine-grained identification of smoke which can identify differences between non-fire and fire smoke is of great significance for accurate forest fire monitoring; however, it requires a large database. In this paper, for the first time, we combine fine-grained smoke recognition with the few-shot technique using metric learning to identify fire smoke with the limited available database. The experimental comparison and analysis show that the new method developed has good performance in the structure of the feature extraction network and the training method, with an accuracy of 93.75% for fire smoke identification.

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Liu, Bowen, Bingjian Sun, Pengle Cheng, and Ying Huang. "An Embedded Portable Lightweight Platform for Real-Time Early Smoke Detection." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124655.

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The advances in developing more accurate and fast smoke detection algorithms increase the need for computation in smoke detection, which demands the involvement of personal computers or workstations. Better detection results require a more complex network structure of the smoke detection algorithms and higher hardware configuration, which disqualify them as lightweight portable smoke detection for high detection efficiency. To solve this challenge, this paper designs a lightweight portable remote smoke front-end perception platform based on the Raspberry Pi under Linux operating system. The platform has four modules including a source video input module, a target detection module, a display module, and an alarm module. The training images from the public data sets will be used to train a cascade classifier characterized by Local Binary Pattern (LBP) using the Adaboost algorithm in OpenCV. Then the classifier will be used to detect the smoke target in the following video stream and the detected results will be dynamically displayed in the display module in real-time. If smoke is detected, warning messages will be sent to users by the alarm module in the platform for real-time monitoring and warning on the scene. Case studies showed that the developed system platform has strong robustness under the test datasets with high detection accuracy. As the designed platform is portable without the involvement of a personal computer and can efficiently detect smoke in real-time, it provides a potential affordable lightweight smoke detection option for forest fire monitoring in practice.

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Hamzah, Shipun Anuar, Mohd Noh Dalimin, Mohamad Md Som, Mohd Shamian Zainal, Khairun Nidzam Ramli, Wahyu Mulyo Utomo, and Nor Azizi Yusoff. "High accuracy sensor nodes for a peat swamp forest fire detection using ESP32 camera." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v11i3.pp229-239.

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<span>The </span><span lang="MS">use of smoke sensors in high-precision and low-cost forest fire detection kits needs to be developed immediately to assist the authorities in monitoring forest fires especially in remote areas more efficiently and systematically. The implementation of automatic reclosing operation allows the fire detector kit to distinguish between real smoke and non-real smoke successfully. This has profitably reduced kit errors when detecting fires and in turn prevent the users from receiving incorrect messages. However, using a smoke sensor with automatic reclosing operation has not been able to optimize the accuracy of identifying the actual smoke due to the working sensor node situation is difficult to predict and sometimes unexpected such as the source of smoke received. Thus, to further improve the accuracy when detecting the presence of smoke, the system is equipped with two digital cameras that can capture and send pictures of fire smoke to the users. The system gives the users choice of three interesting options if they want the camera to capture and send pictures to them, namely request, smoke trigger and movement for security purposes. In all cases, users can request the system to send pictures at any time. The system equipped with this camera shows the accuracy of smoke detection by confirming the actual smoke that has been detected through images sent in the user’s Telegram channel and on the Graphical User Interface (GUI) display. As a comparison of the system before and after using this camera, it was found that the system that uses the camera gives advantage to the users in monitoring fire smoke more effectively and accurately.</span>

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Szade, Adam, Adam Hamerla, Krystian Kadlewicz, and Marcin Głodniok. "Mobile flying platform for monitoring of households smoke emission selected parameters." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/81648.

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Adam, Mariana, Konstantinos Fragkos, Stavros Solomos, Livio Belegante, Simona Andrei, Camelia Talianu, Luminița Mărmureanu, et al. "Methodology for Lidar Monitoring of Biomass Burning Smoke in Connection with the Land Cover." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194734.

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Lidar measurements of 11 smoke layers recorded at Măgurele, Romania, in 2014, 2016, and 2017 are analyzed in conjunction with the vegetation type of the burned biomass area. For the identified aerosol pollution layers, the mean optical properties and the intensive parameters in the layers are computed. The origination of the smoke is estimated by the means of the HYSPLIT dispersion model, taking into account the location of the fires and the injection height for each fire. Consequently, for each fire location, the associated land cover type is acquired by satellite-derived land cover products. We explore the relationship between the measured intensive parameters of the smoke layers and the respective land cover of the burned area. The vegetation type for the cases we analyzed was either broadleaf crops or grasses/cereals. Overall, the intensive parameters are similar for the two types, which can be associated with the fact that both types belong to the broader group of agricultural crops. For the cases analyzed, the smoke travel time corresponding to the effective predominant vegetation type is up to 2.4 days.

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Nivedita Padole & Anshu Choudhary. "Design and Implementation of Wildfire Monitoring System." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, no. 05 (May 27, 2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0705023.

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In today’s era, wildlife and forest departments are facing the problem of movement of animals from forests to residential area. The number of trees has reduced drastically which creates an unhealthy environment for animals and for humans. Findings of a survey suggest that 80% losses are caused due to wildfire. This could have been avoided if the fire was detected in the early stages. This paper suggests a system for alarming the authorities in case of a bushfire. Nowadays, IoT (Internet of Things) devices and sensors allow the monitoring of the forest ecosystem, such as temperature and smoke. Arduino platform based IoT enabled fire detector and monitoring system is the solution to this problem. In this paper, fire detector using Arduino NANO is built which is interfaced with a fire sensor and smoke sensor. Whenever fire occurs, the system automatically senses and alerts the administrator by sending the message on the user’s mobile device.

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Limaye, Sanjay S., Steven A. Ackerman, Patrick M. Fry, Majeed Isa, Habib Ali, Ghulam Ali, Allan Wright, and Art Rangno. "Satellite monitoring of smoke from the Kuwait oil fires." Journal of Geophysical Research 97, no. D13 (1992): 14551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92jd01100.

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Ogden, Michael W., David L. Heavner, Travis L. Foster, Katherine C. Maiolo, Sheila L. Cash, Joel D. Richardson, Patricia Martin, Paula S. Simmons, Fred W. Conrad, and Paul R. Nelson. "Personal Monitoring System for Measuring Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure." Environmental Technology 17, no. 3 (March 1996): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593331708616382.

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Hu, Zhijie, Jie Zhang, Ruibing Shen, and Saihan Li. "Design and implementation of smart home control system." ITM Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224701023.

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This study designs a smart home control system, aiming to resloving family fires and the problem of children falling over windows. The system includes a data monitoring module, a single-chip control module, a display module, an executive module and an alarm module. The data monitoring module collects the temperature, smoke and pressure inside the home, and the single-chip microcomputer module processes the data collected by the data monitoring module and displays it on the display module in real time. When the temperature value exceeds the set threshold, the alarm module alarms; when the smoke concentration exceeds the lower limit of the set value, the executive module starts; when the smoke concentration exceeds the upper limit of the set value, the exhaust module starts, and the alarm module alarms and reminds that the smoke concentration is too high and need to prevent fire; When the monitored pressure at the window exceeds the set threshold, the drive module starts to close the window, in order to prevent children from falling. The design is simple in structure and low in cost, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of fire and children falling from windows.

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Argefa, Terefe Gelibo, Selam Abraham Kassa, and Noreen Dadirai Mdege. "Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Smoke-Free Environments in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 9, 2022): 8404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148404.

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Ethiopia passed a law prohibiting tobacco smoking in all public places in 2019. We conducted a scoping review to identify gaps in the existing literature on second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and smoke-free environments in Ethiopia that need to be prioritised for future research to support policy and practice. We conducted systematic searches in January 2022 in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Two reviewers independently screened the identified study reports for eligibility and extracted data from the eligible studies. The extracted data was descriptively analysed, and research recommendations were drawn. A stakeholder consultation workshop was held to identify research topics on SHS exposure and smoke-free environments in Ethiopia that they perceived to be priorities for primary research. Of the 388 research reports identified, only nine were included in the scoping review. The topics explored includes prevalence of SHS exposure (six studies); knowledge on SHS exposure (three studies); compliance to smoke-free environments legislation (two studies); and exposure to anti-smoking messages (one study). The stakeholders prioritised further research addressing compliance monitoring and enforcement of the smoke free laws in Ethiopia. There is a need for studies that test new methods for compliance monitoring and enforcement, evaluate strategies to increase knowledge on the harms of SHS exposure and the smoke-free legislation, and evaluate the current smoke-free legislation in Ethiopia.

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Wulandari, Sri Zholeha, Ali Basrah Pulungan, and Hamdani Hamdani. "SISTEM MONITORING REALTIME GAS CO PADA ASAP ROKOK BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER." JTEV (Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Vokasional) 5, no. 1.1 (December 10, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtev.v5i1.104110.

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This article discusses about system of monitoring levels of gases CO in cigarette smoke in real time using Labview software. This monitoring system can provide information on CO gas levels of smoking, this tool is planned to be used in place of the public. The process of testing done by giving the value of the voltage sensor. That voltage sensor MQ-2 influence the levels of CO gas in cigarette smoke, namely voltage 0.1 Volts to 5 Volts affect 200-10000PPM. These results are similar to the characteristics of the sensor MQ-2. So it can be inferred the design tools can work well.

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Henry, CJ, DR Dansie, KK Kanagalingam, RE Kouri, T. Gayle, M. Guerin, R. Holmberg, L. Florant, and J. Greenspan. "Chronic Inhalation Studies in Mice: I. Facilities and Equipment for “Nose-Only” Exposure to Cigarette Smoke." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0554.

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AbstractFacilities and equipment are described for large-scale, long-term “nose-only” inhalation exposure of mice to whole cigarette smoke. Experimental procedures and equipment were designed to provide the mice with exposure conditions where [1] the lung was the major target organ for the smoke, [2] large quantities of fresh, whole cigarette smoke could be generated, [3] large numbers of animals could be exposed at one time, [4] routine, daily exposures could be given over a major portion of the lifetime of the animal, [5] monitoring and documentation of the quantity of smoke presented to the animals was provided during each exposure session, [6] safety systems were provided that assured exposure of the animals to smoke only under pre-set exposure conditions, and [7] cigarette smoke was generated under conditions where factors, such as cigarette type, smoke aerosol concentration and smoke particle size, were controlled.

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Hu, Zhijie, Fanfan Chen, Ruibing Shen, and Saihan Li. "Design and implementation of forest fire monitoring system based on internet of things technology." ITM Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224501063.

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In view of the frequent forest fire problem, this design uses the Internet of Things technology to design a forest fire monitoring system. This system is composed of data acquisition module, data processing module, display module, locating module and alarm module. The data collection module is responsible for collecting forest temperature values and concentration values of smoke. The collected data is processed by the data processing module, and the processed data is displayed in real time by the display module. When the collected temperature or smoke concentration exceeds the thresholds, the GPS locating module is activated to locate the event. Then, the forest temperature value, smoke value exceeding the threshold and location information are sent to the manager’ s mobile phone in the form of SMS through the Sim800 SMS alarm module for alarm. After experiment, the accuracy of temperature module in this design is ±2°C; The accuracy of smoke density module is ±5Pm; The accuracy of location is ±100m. This design has the characteristics of small size, easy placement, large monitoring range, low cost and high sensitivity, which is suitable for further popularization and application.

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Rulaningtyas, S.T., M.T., Dr Riries, Indrawati Apriliyah, and Winarno. "Design of a Fire Location Monitoring System Using Temperature and Smoke Detectors on Sea Ships." Indonesian Applied Physics Letters 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/iapl.v3i2.40988.

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A fire location monitoring system is designed in this study to determine the location of a fire on a ship. The inputs used are temperature detectors and smoke detectors. The fire location monitoring system is designed using raspberry pi as a mini pc, temperature detector, smoke detector, alarm and Lazarus as a user interface. The room used as the object of research consists of the control room, steering room, engine room and kitchen room. The type and number of detectors used vary depending on the design of the detector placement in each room. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the fire location monitoring system is able to detect a fire when the temperature or smoke detector is active. In addition, the system is able to show the location of detectors that actively detect fires accompanied by an alarm sound. The average performance of the system in detecting a fire is 93%.

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Mueller, Sean, Leland Tarnay, Susan O’Neill, and Sean Raffuse. "Apportioning Smoke Impacts of 2018 Wildfires on Eastern Sierra Nevada Sites." Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090970.

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The summer of 2018 saw intense smoke impacts on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada in California, which have been anecdotally ascribed to the closest wildfire, the Lions Fire. We examined the role of the Lions Fire and four other, simultaneous large wildfires on smoke impacts across the Eastern Sierra. Our approach combined GOES-16 satellite data with fire activity, fuel loading, and fuel type, to allocate emissions diurnally per hour for each fire. To apportion smoke impacts at key monitoring sites, dispersion was modeled via the BlueSky framework, and daily averaged PM2.5 concentrations were estimated from 23 July to 29 August 2018. To estimate the relative impact of each contributing wildfire at six Eastern Sierra monitoring sites, we layered the multiple modeled impacts, calculated their proportion from each fire and at each site, and used that proportion to apportion smoke from each fire’s monitored impact. The combined smoke concentration due to multiple large, concurrent, but more distant fires was on many days substantially higher than the concentration attributable to the Lions Fire, which was much closer to the air quality monitoring sites. These daily apportionments provide an objective basis for understanding the extent to which local versus regional fire affected Eastern Sierra Nevada air quality. The results corroborate previous case studies showing that slower-growing fires, when and where managed for resource objectives, can create more transient and manageable air quality impacts relative to larger fires where such management strategies are not used or feasible.

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Ho, Chao-Ching. "Nighttime Fire/Smoke Detection System Based on a Support Vector Machine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/428545.

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Currently, video surveillance-based early fire smoke detection is crucial to the prevention of large fires and the protection of life and goods. To overcome the nighttime limitations of video smoke detection methods, a laser light can be projected into the monitored field of view, and the returning projected light section image can be analyzed to detect fire and/or smoke. If smoke appears within the monitoring zone created from the diffusion or scattering of light in the projected path, the camera sensor receives a corresponding signal. The successive processing steps of the proposed real-time algorithm use the spectral, diffusing, and scattering characteristics of the smoke-filled regions in the image sequences to register the position of possible smoke in a video. Characterization of smoke is carried out by a nonlinear classification method using a support vector machine, and this is applied to identify the potential fire/smoke location. Experimental results in a variety of nighttime conditions demonstrate that the proposed fire/smoke detection method can successfully and reliably detect fires by identifying the location of smoke.

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Kovalev, Vladimir, Cyle Wold, Alexander Petkov, and Wei Min Hao. "Monitoring of dispersed smoke-plume layers by determining locations of the data-point clusters." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 05020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817605020.

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A modified data-processing technique of the signals recorded by zenith-directed lidar, which operates in smoke-polluted atmosphere, is discussed. The technique is based on simple transformations of the lidar backscatter signal and the determination of the spatial location of the data point clusters. The technique allows more reliable detection of the location of dispersed smoke layering. Examples of typical results obtained with lidar in a smokepolluted atmosphere are presented.

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Radtke, Theda, Roger Keller, Andrea Bütikofer, and Rainer Hornung. "Perception of Smokers: Results from the Tobacco Monitoring Switzerland." SUCHT 57, no. 2 (April 2011): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911.a000070.

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Aim: The purpose of the study is to present adolescents’ perceptions of smokers and non-smokers among 1015 Swiss adolescents. Method: The analyses are based on data from Tobacco Monitoring Switzerland, which is a survey of tobacco consumption in Switzerland. To measure the perceptions of smokers and non-smokers, respondents were asked to attribute a series of adjectives to each group. It was also recorded when respondents mentioned that “there is no difference between smokers and non-smokers.” Results: Results show that regardless of whether the adolescents smoked or did not smoke – with the exception of more sociable – the image of smokers was more negative than the image of non-smokers. Findings also indicated that regular smokers in particular often stated that there are no differences between both groups. Conclusions: Overall, the image of smokers is more negative than the image of non-smokers, with the exception of the attribute more sociable. This perception of smokers could be important for prevention measures in new contexts (e. g., school transitions), where smoking could be a means of establishing new social ties.

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Trisnowati, Heni, and Utari Marlinawati. "Monitoring Kepatuhan Peraturan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Lingkungan Sekolah Kota Yogyakarta." Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v14i1.1802.

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Background: Smoke-Free School (SFS) policy have been implemented since 2015. These regulations include elementary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools and vocational high schools both private and public. SFS policy aims to create a clean, healthy and smoke-free school environment. Beside, SFS policy is the only effective way to protect the community (school residents) from the dangers of smoke, but the regulation has not been fully implemented by schools in the city of Yogyakarta. This study aims to describe the compliance of SFSP in schools throughout the city of Yogyakarta and the challenges of implementing these regulations. Method: This study used a quantitative method with cross-sectional survey design and observation. The population in this study were all schools in the city of Yogyakarta including elementary, middle and high school or vocational schools. Total samples were 162 schools. The sampling technique used the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. Data was collected through one survey and analyzed descriptively using a computer system. Results: input indicators of SFS policy: 89.5% of schools in the Yogyakarta city already have a written policy; 88.3% of schools already have promotional media about smoking bans, 66% of schools already have personnel who monitor SFS policy; Process indicators of SFS policy: 88.9% had already received SFP socialization directly. Output indicator of SFP: there are 146 (90.1%) smoke-free schools in Yogyakarta. Barriers to the implementation of SFS policy include smoking behaviour of school residents, lack of ability to conduct assertiveness, environment and school policies have not to support SFS. Conclusion: The level of school compliance with SFS in the city of Yogyakarta is high. Socialization of SFS needs to be carried out continuously, especially for pickers (parents) and giving a strict sanction for those who violate SFS policy.

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Syafii, Ahmad Maulana, Rifki Rifki Muheimin, and Prakasa Prakasa. "Pengembangan Teknologi Imaging untuk Pemantauan Parameter Opasitas Asap Hitam pada Cerobong Industri." SPECTA Journal of Technology 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/specta.v1i1.70.

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The Increased industrial subsector in Indonesia each year have some negative impact on health in Indonesia. Exhaust emissions of industrial activities is one of the sources of air pollution that occurs continuously. Exhaust gas quality monitoring needs to be done regularly to control the level of air pollution as required under KepMenLH 13/1995. During the determination of the opacity of the black smoke chimney industry performed manually using Ringlemann. Results opasitasbergantung on the observer on the ground so that the level of accuracy obtained is still less opacity akurat. Paper is about the development of imaging technology for monitoring parameters of black smoke in the exhaust stack opacity industri.Metode measurement used in this monitoring is a method Ringlemann. Segmentation algorithm used in this research is using thresholding. The result of the automatic segmentation using thresholding sample data has a high degree of accuracy, but still dependent on weather conditions. If you do smoke segmentation when the sky is clear, the level of accuracy of the segmentation is very high, but it is different when overcast or cloudy weather conditions. Results from this study is the obtainment function to be able to determine the level of black smoke opacity parameter. Searches made through a logarithmic function. Determination of the proper function is determined by looking at the highest value of Rଶ. Different sky conditions lead to different functions, so the algorithm functions to determine the parameters of black smoke opacity made in some circumstances under the conditions of the sky.

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Parrish, ME, CN Harward, and G. Vilcins. "Simultaneous Monitoring of Filter Ventilation and a Gaseous Component in Whole Cigarette Smoke Using Tunable Diode Laser Infra-red Spectroscopy." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 13, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0566.

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AbstractA computer-controlled high-resolution infra-red tunable diode laser (TDL) system has been developed to determine simultaneously the concentration of a gaseous smoke component (carbon monoxide) and the filter ventilation of a cigarette during smoking. The simultaneous monitoring of these two parameters provided information which can lead to enhancing the successful development of new cigarette products. The approach selected was to place a cigarette with the ventilation holes of the filter in a chamber filled with a gas not normally detected in cigarette smoke, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), and to mix this gas with the smoke under actual smoking conditions. The N2O provided information concerning the ventilation level and the representative smoke component provided information about the mainstream smoke delivery. This is the first study of which we are aware where the concentration of a smoke component was obtained simultaneously with the dynamic ventilation level within seconds after each puff was taken. Experiments were conducted with cigarettes having different filter ventilation levels (0 %, 13 %, 30 %, 40 %, 60 %, 75 % and 90 %). Each cigarette was measured for the static ventilation prior to smoking using the CORESTA standard ventilation method. These values were in good agreement with those obtained using the TDL. The data collected during this study confirmed that the concentration of the mainstream component investigated increased as the filter ventilation decreased from 90 % to 0 %. With respect to puff number, the ventilation increased slightly during the first puffs then decreased for the later puffs, while the delivery of the smoke component monitored increased with increasing puff number. The 40 % ventilation cigarette showed the largest change in ventilation during smoking compared with the value for the unlit puff.

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Perfetti, TA, and WM Coleman. "Chiral-Gas Chromatograpy-Selected Ion Monitoring-Mass Selective Detection Analysis of Secondary Alkaloids in Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 18, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0665.

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AbstractChiral gas chromatography-mass selective detection has been successfully employed in the analysis of secondary alkaloids in selected tobacco materials and cigarette smoke condensate. No extensive sample preparation is involved. A lower detection limit of ~2 % d-nornicotine, d-anabasine and d-anatabine in a mixture of l and d-isomers was achieved. The levels and the enantiomeric ratios of nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine varied in different tobacco types. The enantiomeric ratios of nicotine, anabasine and anatabine in mainstream cigarette condensate also varied but were generally representative of the enantiomeric ratios for the alkaloids found in the leaf. The enantiomeric ratio for nornicotine in mainstream cigarette condensate also varied and was not representative of the enantiomeric ratios for the alkaloids found in the leaf. Preferential decomposition or racemization may account for the differences seen in the yields of isomers of nornicotine transferred to the mainstream smoke condensate. An experiment was conducted to determine if the d-nornicotine present in tobacco contributed to the yield of d-nicotine in mainstream smoke condensate. The results of that experiment indicated that the yield of d-nicotine transferred to mainstream smoke did not change significantly when either large levels of endogenous nornicotine were present in the leaf or when large levels of exogenous levels of d-, l-nornicotine were applied to the tobacco rod prior to smoking. The limiting factor in the production of d-nicotine in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate may be the concentration of methyl radicals present to react. Further work must be conducted to unravel the mechanism involved in the production of d-nicotine in cigarette smoke condensate.

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Sarwar, Barera, Imran Bajwa, Shabana Ramzan, Bushra Ramzan, and Mubeen Kausar. "Design and Application of Fuzzy Logic Based Fire Monitoring and Warning Systems for Smart Buildings." Symmetry 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10110615.

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Typical fire monitoring and warning systems use a single smoke detector that is connected to a fire management system to give early warnings before the fire spreads out up to a damaging level. However, it is found that only smoke detector-based fire monitoring systems are not efficient and intelligent since they generate false warnings in case of a person is smoking, etc. There is need of a multi-sensor based intelligent and smart fire monitoring system that employs various parameters, such as presence of flame, temperature of the room, smoke, etc. To achieve such a smart solution, a multi-sensor solution is required that can intelligently use the data of sensors and generate true warnings for further fire control and management. This paper presents an intelligent Fire Monitoring and Warning System (FMWS) that is based on Fuzzy Logic to identify the true existence of dangerous fire and send alert to Fire Management System (FMS). This paper discusses design and application of a Fuzzy Logic Fire Monitoring and Warning System that also sends an alert message using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology. The system is based on tiny, low cost, and very small in size sensors to ensure that the solution is reproduceable. Simulation work is done in MATLAB ver. 7.1 (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and the results of the experiments are satisfactory.

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Rahman, Ehab Ur, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Fahad Algarni, Yihong Zhang, M. Irfan Uddin, Insaf Ullah, and Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad. "Computer Vision-Based Wildfire Smoke Detection Using UAVs." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9977939.

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This paper presents a new methodology based on texture and color for the detection and monitoring of different sources of forest fire smoke using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A novel dataset has been gathered comprised of thin smoke and dense smoke generated from the dry leaves on the floor of the forest, which is a source of igniting forest fires. A classification task has been done by training a feature extractor to check the feasibility of the proposed dataset. A meta-architecture is trained above the feature extractor to check the dataset viability for smoke detection and tracking. Results have been obtained by implementing the proposed methodology on forest fire smoke images, smoke videos taken on a stand by the camera, and real-time UAV footages. A microaverage F1-score of 0.865 has been achieved with different test videos. An F1-score of 0.870 has been achieved on real UAV footage of wildfire smoke. The structural similarity index has been used to show some of the difficulties encountered in smoke detection, along with examples.

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Le, Wang. "Application of Wireless Sensor Network and RFID Monitoring System in Airport Logistics." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 01 (January 25, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i01.8058.

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To better regulate the airport cargo transportation, we presented the design of an airport logistics monitoring system based on WSN and RFID. The monitoring system is mainly composed of four modules: RFID system, wireless sensor monitoring network, communication network and remote monitoring terminal. Wireless sensors mainly include temperature sensors, humidity sensors and smoke sensors. The sensors can collect the environment data such as goods temperature, humidity and smoke and so on. The node sensor module is implemented in such a way that the sensor is connected to the node in a plug-in manner, that is, the sensors are integrated on a sensor panel and the sensor data is transferred through the standard I / O interface between the sensor panel and the node. The system can realize real-time tracking and positioning of airport cargo, collecting cargo information.

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Prayitno, Eko, and Desi Amirullah. "SISTEM PEMANTAUAN KONSENTRASI CO KEBAKARAN HUTAN RIAU MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) DAN INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Terapan 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jtit.v4i2.71.

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The purpose of this research is how to make an air condition monitoring system by considering the concentration value of carbon monoxide in Riau Province. The technology used to support monitoring system of carbon monoxide concentration, using Wireless Sensor Network Technology (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT). One of the WSN concepts to be used is a combination of several sensors, the only sensors used to detect the level of carbonmonoxide concentration include: carbon monoxide, temperature and humidity sensors. Air condition data derived from the sensor in the form of concentration value of carbon monoxide, temperature and humidity of air sent to server connected to network using IoT technology. Based on the test results it can be concluded that the air condition monitoring system using WSN and IoT technology can be applied in realtime, this can be proven with the data shown in the monitoring tool. the detection of a fire source using a sensor can be done by using a distance between a smoke source (hotspot) and a device 90cm. From the observation result there is difference between sensing data without smoke and using smoke, such as temperature has 60C difference, humidity 20 rh and carbon monoxide about 17ppm

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Maswita, Etti Sudaryati, and Juanita. "The Role of Health Promotion on Smoke Free Area Implementation at Regional Work Unit Langsa City." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v2i1.150.

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Smoke free area implementation is one of the effective efforts to protect people from cigarette smoke. Health promotion can improve community behavior until they want and able to do healthy behavior and free from health problems. This study aims to explore the role of health promotion that has been implemented by the Langsa City Health Office in relation of smoke free area implementation, especially in regional work unit (SKPK). This is a qualitative study with narrative research design. Data are collected by indepth interview. The results show the role of the health promotion has been done in the implementation of the smoke free area are controlling social or environmental changes in the workplace through advocacy, socialization, development of promotional media, and monitoring and evaluation of smoke freea area implementation. The conclusion of this study that health promotion plays an important role in implementing the smoke free area including advocacy with regional government, disseminate information about the hazard of cigarettes to the public, set a regional regulation and socializing Qanun regarding smoke free area, and carried out smoke free area evaluation meeting to the head of regional work unit for commitment and support the smoke free area implementation at workplace.

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Kambezidis, H., P. Kassomenos, and E. Kiriaki. "Smoke concentration levels in a monitoring network in Athens, Greece." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 20, no. 3 (January 1986): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90104-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Monitoring smoke'

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