Relevant bibliographies by topics / Monitoring smoke

Academic literature on the topic 'Monitoring smoke'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Monitoring smoke"

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Perfetti, TA, and WM Coleman. "Chiral-Gas Chromatography-Selected Ion Monitoring-Mass Selective Detection Analysis of Tobacco Materials and Tobacco Smoke." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 18, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0664.

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AbstractA novel method for the detection, separation, and quantification of the optical isomers of nicotine has been developed. The method has been applied to analyse extracts of tobacco seeds, processed tobacco suspensions, reconstituted tobacco sheet materials, individual tobacco varieties, blends of tobaccos, and cigarette smoke condensate. The methodology does not involve any further sample preparation other than that which is normally used to analyse tobacco alkaloids by the modified method of Gordon et al. (73), or the standard FTC smoke analysis routinely performed by most tobacco and smoke analysis laboratories. Near baseline resolution was obtained for enantiomers, yielding a lower detection limit of approximately 2 % d-nicotine in a mixture of d-and l-nicotine. There was essentially no d-nicotine found in any of the tobacco samples. Detectable levels of d-nicotine were found in most of the samples of cigarette smoke condensate when the cigarettes were smoke by the FTC method. The presence of Oriental tobacco in the cigarette appeared to be related to whether d-nicotine was generated in the mainstream cigarette smoke condensate. When the same cigarettes were smoked under a more stressful puffing regime the level of d-nicotine in the smoke did not increase and in some cases the level of d-nicotine decreased. This work supports prior literature that detected and quantified the presence of d-nicotine in cigarette smoke condensate.
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Coles, E. "Up in smoke [emissions monitoring]." Power Engineer 19, no. 3 (2005): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20050309.

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Baker, RR, and LS Lewis. "A Review of the Incidence and Consequences of Cigarette Filter Vent Blocking Among Smokers." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 19, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0709.

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AbstractVent blocking, the covering of the filter ventilation zone on a cigarette during smoking, is a potentially important aspect of smoking behavior. Various techniques have been used to assess the incidence of vent blocking, and widely different views have been expressed on its importance. Studies relevant to filter vent blocking have been reviewed with two overall objectives: to examine critically the evidence on the occurrence of vent blocking and to assess the effects of vent blocking on the smoke yield to the smoker. The reviewed studies fall into four main categories: (1) measurements of the incidence of filter vent blocking among smokers; (2) the observed effects of vent blocking on cigarette ventilation and machine smoke yields; (3) the effect of experimentally blocking vents on human smoke yields; and (4) simultaneous determination of vent blocking and smoke yield under human smoking conditions. Direct observation indicates that only 4% of smokers have their fingers in direct contact with the cigarette during puffing. Estimates of vent blocking incidence by lips during smoking range from 15-24% (saliva-staining technique) to up to 50% ('tar’ staining pattern technique) of smokers. For those smokers who do block the ventilation zone, a mean of 27% of the vents are blocked, and a maximum of about 50%. When the cigarettes are machine-smoked, the smoke yield increases in a highly non-linear manner as the blocked portion of the filter ventilation zone increases. This effect is also more pronounced at higher original filter ventilation levels. In contrast, smoking behavior monitoring techniques have shown that when the experimenter deliberately blocks the vent zone, the human smoker adjusts by taking smaller and fewer puffs. The blocked filter affects the yields of smoke components to the smoker less than it does smoking-machine measured yields. It is concluded that the incidence of vent zone blocking by fingers is quite low and relatively insignificant. The most reliable estimate for lip blocking is that up to 25% of smokers may cover the vent zone during at least one puff and for most smokers the coverage is partial. Ventilation zone blocking as it occurs in practice has only a relatively minor effect on human smoke yields compared to other smoker behavior factors. When a human smoker inadvertently partially or completely blocks the filter ventilation zone during smoking, he/she adjusts by taking smaller and fewer puffs. Because of these changes in puffing behavior during human smoking, predictions of the effects of filter vent blocking on smoke yields based solely on smoking machine yields are deceptive.
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Gifford, Heather, El-Shadan Tautolo, Judith P. McCool, Coral E. Gartner, Richard Edwards, and Raglan Maddox. "Getting there together: highlights, challenges and opportunities for tobacco control in the Oceania region." Tobacco Control 31, no. 2 (March 2022): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056542.

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BackgroundThe paper focuses on the geographical region of Oceania. We highlight the tobacco control leadership demonstrated in this region and describe the challenges and opportunities to achieving country-specific smoke-free goals.ResultsSignificant achievements include smoke-free nation goals, world-leading initiatives such as plain packaging, and a bold plan by New Zealand to reduce the retail availability of smoked tobacco products and remove virtually all the nicotine from cigarettes and rolling tobacco. There are significant challenges and opportunities before reaching smoke-free status including implementation pathways requiring strong governance and leadership and compliance monitoring and enforcement.ConclusionsWe conclude that achieving a smoke-free Oceania is possible through already existing bold country and regional smoke-free goals, excellent tobacco control leadership, experience and resources, and an understanding of how to work collectively. However, a commitment to focus tobacco control efforts regionally is required to achieve a smoke-free Oceania together.
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Allison, Robert S., Joshua M. Johnston, and Martin J. Wooster. "Sensors for Fire and Smoke Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 5402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165402.

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Simpson, Christopher D., and Luke P. Naeher. "Biological monitoring of wood-smoke exposure." Inhalation Toxicology 22, no. 2 (January 7, 2010): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958370903008862.

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Apelberg, Benjamin J., Lisa M. Hepp, Erika Avila-Tang, Lara Gundel, S. Katharine Hammond, Melbourne F. Hovell, Andrew Hyland, et al. "Environmental monitoring of secondhand smoke exposure." Tobacco Control 22, no. 3 (September 4, 2012): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050301.

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Cortez, Crystalynne D. "Validation of the Developed Multi-Gas Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.245.

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The study was a validation of a developed gas monitoring system. The objective of the study was to determine the accuracy of the prototype in identifying gas concentrations. Experimental research method was utilized in the study. In evaluating the system’s ability to sense carbon monoxide, toluene, methane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), smoke and ammonia, three trials tests using cigarette smoke, kitchen lighter gas and aromatic spirit of ammonia were conducted. The device was found to be sensitive with toluene, ammonia, smoke, carbon monoxide, LPG and methane. The system attained the accuracy of 90.10% in detecting LPG and 97.32% for methane using kitchen lighter gas test; 79.81% for carbon monoxide and 80% for smoke using the cigarette smoke test; and 85.54% for ammonia and 71.93% for toluene. In addition, an accuracy of 95.39% was attained as the device was compared to the reading of an existing PETC device in measuring carbon monoxide.
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Yang, Ruiwen, Armando Alcazar-Magana, Yanping L. Qian, and Michael C. Qian. "Smoked-Derived Volatile Phenol Analysis in Wine by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 5613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185613.

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Smoke-derived taint has become a significant concern for the U.S. wine industry, particularly on the west coast, and climate change is anticipated to aggravate it. High volatile phenols such as guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, and o-, p-, m-cresols have been suggested to be related to smoke-exposed grape and wine. This paper describes an analytical approach based on ethylene glycol/polydimethylsiloxane (EG/PDMS)-stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS) to quantify or estimate the concentrations of some smoke-related volatile phenols in wines. Correlation coefficients with R2 ≥ 0.990 were obtained. This method can quantify most smoked-related volatile phenols down to 0.5 μg/L in wine in selective ion monitoring mode. Recovery for the targeted volatile phenols ranged from 72.2% to 142.4% in the smoke-tainted wine matrix, except for 4-vinylguaiacol. The standard deviations of the volatile phenols were from 0 to 23% in smoke-tainted wine. The approach provides another tool to evaluate wine smoke exposure and potential smoke taint.
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Wang, Bo, Xuliang Yao, Yongqing Jiang, Chao Sun, and Mohammad Shabaz. "Design of a Real-Time Monitoring System for Smoke and Dust in Thermal Power Plants Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7212567.

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The major health hazards from smoke and dust are due to microscopic fine particles present in smoke as well as in dust. These fine particles, which are microscopic in nature, can penetrate into human lungs and give rise to a range of health problems such as irritation in eyes, a runny nose, throat infection, and chronic cardiac and lung diseases. There is a need to device such mechanisms that can monitor smoke in thermal power plants for timely control of smoke that can pollute air and affects adversely the people living nearby the plants. In order to solve the problems of low accuracy of monitoring results and long monitoring time in conventional methods, a real-time smoke and dust monitoring system in thermal power plants is proposed, which makes use of modified genetic algorithm (GA). The collection and calibration of various monitoring parameters are accomplished through sampling control. The smoke and dust emission real-time monitoring subsystems are employed for the monitoring in an accurate manner. A dual-channel TCP/IP protocol is used between remote and local controlling modules for secure and speedy communication of the system. The generic GA is improved on the basis of the problem statement, and the linear programming model is used to avoid the defect of code duplication with genetic operations. The experimental results show that the proposed smoke and dust monitoring system can effectively improve the accuracy of the monitoring results and also reduce the time complexity by providing solutions in a faster manner. The significance of the proposed technique is to provide a reliable basis for the smoke and dust emission control of thermal power plants for safeguarding the human health.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monitoring smoke"

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HENN, SCOTT ANTHONY. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE AND DNA ADDUCT LEVELS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1012495849.

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Magoha, Paul W. "Incident-response monitoring technologies for aircraft-cabin air quality." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14187.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Steven J. Eckels
Byron W. Jones
Poor air quality in commercial aircraft cabins can be caused by volatile organophosphorus (OP) compounds emitted from the jet engine bleed air system during smoke/fume incidents. Tri-cresyl phosphate (TCP), a common anti-wear additive in turbine engine oils, is an important component in today’s global aircraft operations. However, exposure to TCP increases risks of certain adverse health effects. This research analyzed used aircraft cabin air filters for jet engine oil contaminants and designed a jet engine bleed air simulator (BAS) to replicate smoke/fume incidents caused by pyrolysis of jet engine oil. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) were used for elemental analysis of filters, and gas chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze used filters to determine TCP isomers. The filter analysis study involved 110 used and 74 incident filters. Clean air filter samples exposed to different bleed air conditions simulating cabin air contamination incidents were also analyzed by FESEM/EDS, NAA, and GC/MS. Experiments were conducted on a BAS at various bleed air conditions typical of an operating jet engine so that the effects of temperature and pressure variations on jet engine oil aerosol formation could be determined. The GC/MS analysis of both used and incident filters characterized tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TmCP) and tri-p-cresyl phosphate (TpCP) by a base peak of an m/z = 368, with corresponding retention times of 21.9 and 23.4 minutes. The hydrocarbons in jet oil were characterized in the filters by a base peak pattern of an m/z = 85, 113. Using retention times and hydrocarbon thermal conductivity peak (TCP) pattern obtained from jet engine oil standards, five out of 110 used filters tested had oil markers. Meanwhile 22 out of 74 incident filters tested positive for oil fingerprints. Probit analysis of jet engine oil aerosols obtained from BAS tests by optical particle counter (OPC) revealed lognormal distributions with the mean (range) of geometric mass mean diameter (GMMD) = 0.41 (0.39, 0.45) [mu]m and geometric standard deviation (GSD), [sigma][subscript]g = 1.92 (1.87, 1.98). FESEM/EDS and NAA techniques found a wide range of elements on filters, and further investigations of used filters are recommended using these techniques. The protocols for air and filter sampling and GC/MS analysis used in this study will increase the options available for detecting jet engine oil on cabin air filters. Such criteria could support policy development for compliance with cabin air quality standards during incidents.
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Maguire, Gabriel. "Remote Smoker Monitoring System Incorporating Preemptive Smoking Detection." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1623268732185854.

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Felix, Martin. "Monitorovací a zabezpečovací systém." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237157.

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This master's thesis deals with design and implementation of system for securing and monitoring objects. The whole system is serving as an application getaway between typical TCP/IP network and heterogeneous network containing different end devices such as security cameras, microphones and some sensors (e.g. for temperature measurement). In case of detected event, the notification is created, recorded and the user is informed via administrative front-end. System can be managed from remote location and data from devices can be shown by web interface. Theoretical part of this project concerns with the analysis of different types of connecting devices and sensors and the possibilities of their usage for the monitoring systems along with description of communications protocols for each end device. The next part deals with the cameras interfaces, content analysis and connectivity with central server. Practical part describes methods and techniques used for implementation of system.
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Kiser, Brett Christopher. "Assessing the Reliability of Computer Simulation Modeling for Monitoring and Managing Indicators of Wilderness Solitude in Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32862.

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Several studies in the field of outdoor recreation management and planning have used computer simulation modeling to demonstrate its utility as a tool to help managers monitor encounters and similar visitor use-related indicators of quality. However, previous applications of computer simulation modeling to outdoor recreation planning and management have generally done little to assess the reliability, or precision, of model estimates. The purpose of this research is to explore several questions concerning the reliability of computer simulation model estimates for monitoring wilderness solitude-related indicators of quality. In particular, can reliable estimates of solitude-related indicators be generated for low use recreation environments, such as backcountry and wilderness areas? Is there a spatial component to questions about the reliability of computer simulation estimates for low use visitor landscapes? The research presented in this thesis examines the reliability of computer simulation estimates of wilderness solitude indicators that account for the timing and location of hiking and camping encounters in the backcountry of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This study was designed to model visitor use and inter-group encounters in the Cosby and Big Creek areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which are located within the parkâ s proposed wilderness area. Two primary types of information about visitor use in the study area were collected to construct the computer simulation model in this study. First, information was gathered about the amount of visitation to the study area; second, information was collected about visitorsâ travel routes within the study area. Three alternative methods were used to estimate the number of replications needed to obtain desired levels of precision for the visitor-based and spatially based computer simulation model outputs. The results suggest that computer simulation models of visitor use can generate precise estimates for a small to moderate number of visitor-based and spatially-based outputs. However, there are constraints to generating precise estimates of use-related outputs as the number of outputs estimated simultaneously becomes large. This challenge is particularly pronounced in cases where at least some of the outputs are derived for low use attractions, trails, or camping locations.
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O'Shea, Thomas A. "Using an Inventory of Unstable Slopes to Prioritize Probabilistic Rockfall Modeling and Acid Base Accounting in Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3952.

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An inventory of unstable slopes along transportation corridors and performance modeling are important components of geotechnical asset management in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM). Hazards and risk were assessed for 285 unstable slopes along 151 miles of roadway. A multi-criteria model was created to select fourteen sites for two-dimensional probabilistic rockfall simulations and Acid Base Accounting (ABA) tests. Simulations indicate that rock material would likely enter the roadway at all fourteen sites. ABA test results indicate that influence of significant acid-producing potential is generally confined to slaty rocks of the Anakeesta Formation and graphitic schist of the Wehutty Formation. The research illustrates an approach for prioritizing areas for site-specific investigations towards the goal of improving safety in GRSM. These results can help park officials develop mitigation strategies for rockfall, using strategies such as widening ditches and encapsulating acidic rockfall material.
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許承堅. "Biological Monitoring Of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure In The Enclosed Space." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36370249402637337314.

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碩士
國防醫學院
公共衛生學系
82
The health hazards of cigarette smoking is documented by many studies. Unfortunely, the worldwide consumption of cigarettes was increasing year by year. There were many studies to elicit health hazards of enclosedspace workers and usually cigarette smoke was considered as a confounder in those studies. This study intends to measure the exposure level of environmental tobacco smoke, and the health effects among workers working in two enclosed spaces of southern Taiwan. Totally, there were 134 employees from two enclosed spaces completed the measurement of blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), 62 completed the measurement of serum cotinine, 106 completed the pulmonary function mesurement, and 82 completed the survey of symptom qnestionaire. The results of environmental monitoring showed that the level of carbon monoxide was negatively correlated with the other hazardous gases or organic compounds. The CO level decreased when the ventilation system was put on, however it was increased after the ventilation was put off. Excluding the impact of CO generated from diesel engine incompleted combustion, cigarette smoke was considered to be the main source of carbonmonoxide in the enclosed spaces. The results of biological monitoring showed that blood COHb and serum cotinine were different between the two enclosed spaces and different between the smoking status. The mean COHb level in Unit B was higher than in Unit A before entering the working environment. However COHb level in Unit A was hgher than in Unit B after 3 days in the enclosed space. The mean cotinine level in Unit B was higher than in Unit Ain both before and after working in the enclosed space. The main influence factors of blood COHb level were the ventilation frequencies, duration of ventilation, and crowded level. Both blood COHb and serum cotinine levels were showed a positive does-response relationship with quantity of cigarette smoking. The results of pulmonary function showed that FVC and FEV1.0 weredeclined after working in the enclosed space is comparison with tested before working, because the workers in the Unit A were more often exposed to environmental hazardous substances than in Unit B The pulmonary function in Unit A workers were lower than in Unit B workers. The baseline pulmonary function in smoking workers was lower than in nonsmokers. However the degree of decreasing in pulmonary function in nonsmokers were more than smokers after working in the enclosed space, The prevalence of systematic symptoms was higher in Unit Bthan in Unit A.However, incidences of eye and nose irritation, central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, skin, and respiratory tractsymptoms in Unit A were higher than in Unit B after working in the enclosed space. These results suggested that improvement of the ventilation system in order to reduce the concentration of CO and suspended particles is required for an enclosed environment. Selection of nonsmoking workers is primary prevention of environmental tobacco smoke in the enclosed space.
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Chen, Ying-Tan, and 陳櫻丹. "Study on the environmental tobacco smoke control in a restricted-smoking-policy workplace via environmental and biological monitoring." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59957584039493833798.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
環境與職業衛生研究所
96
Cigarette smoking is known to be the cause of several adverse health effects to both active smokers and non-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). According to the world health report 2003, about 5 million people die as a result of smoking. ETS exposure is also associated with an increased risk of several respiratory illness and heart disease. The WHO has tried to carry out healthy work environment in recent years, and how to minimize or eliminating the ETS exposure in the workplace is one of the target task. However, the designated smoking and non-smoking areas could provide how much protection from ETS exposure in the workplace has not yet been concerned in Taiwan. In this study, we investigated one hi-tech workplace in the north with restricted-smoking policy to compare the airborne nicotine levels and indoor air quality between the smoking room and non-smoking areas. Further, pre- and post-shift urinary nicotine and cotinine levels were determined in identical subjects staying in the restricted smoking environment for 8 hours. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of smoking control programs in the hi-tech workplace. In total, 159 subjects provided their urine samples for nicotine and cotinine measurements. Nicotine and cotinine levels were measured by GC-MS. The results showed the mean levels of airborne nicotine and PM2.5 were much higher in the smoking room compared to non-smoking areas. For nicotine, mean levels were 28.1 μg/m3 in the smoking room and non-detectable in the non-smoking areas. Corresponding PM2.5 levels were 697.8 μg/m3 and 30 μg/m3. This suggest the isolation of smoking room could provide protection from environmental tobacco smoke. In addition, the geometric mean urinary nicotine and cotinine concentration differed between smokers and non-smokers. For smokers, the nicotine and cotinine levels declined after staying in the restricted smoking environment for 8 hours. The mean values of nicotine and cotinine were highest in heavy (>20 cigarette per day) smokers, followed by moderate (<20 cigarette per day) and light (occasional) smokers. In non-smokers nicotine and cotinine concentrations were much higher for pre-shift samples than those of post-shift samples. Based on the findings, we concluded that a restricted-smoking policy workplace with isolated smoking room could provide protection from ETS exposure if sufficient attention is given to overall system design, air exchange rates, and directional airflow. Otherwise, the accessibility to the smoking room and the education to the staff should also be taken into consideration to avoid the smoking outside the designated areas.
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Liu, Kuang-Hung, and 劉光弘. "On-line Trace Smoke Analysis Using Infra-red Active Monitoring System and Making of Economical Type CO2 Gas Sensor." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42542051969177922950.

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碩士
中原大學
醫學工程研究所
89
This work utilizes a variable path cell and Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to establish on-line IR-active smokes detection system; based upon the investigation, we apply its principal to make an economic type of CO2 sensor. In the fundamental study, nylon-6 forms pyrolysis under oxygen-free N2 environment. Nylon-6 is naturally flammable and is composed of CO-NH group; thermally decomposed by-products such as CO, CO2, and HCN are toxic to human being. Analytical result using Thermal Gravity Analyzer (TGA) demonstrates that under N2 or air environment, the reactive temperatures of nylon 6 occur in the range of 377-500oC or 375.7-500 oC; the reactive temperatures under He are similar to N2 environment. Taking TGA results as the references, practical experiments proceed in an ASTM-comparable reactive chamber using a power of 600 W in diverse heating rates and multi-channel mass flow controller to mix with different ratios of N2, O2 and CO2; subsequently, the smokes flow through a 1-16m variable path cell and are analyzed without delay. Analytical result using Mass Analyzer indicates that the ratio of N：C：H of nylon-6 is equal to 11.66：61.30：9.80, which corresponds to a heat value of 26.6 KJ.g-1. Survey for gaseous components designates the presences of IR-active absorbance in the range of 2341-2360 cm-1 and 666-670 cm-1 for CO2, 1670 cm-1 for CO, 1557 cm-1 for —CO- and —CNH-, and 930 cm-1 for NH3, respectively. Such released substances detected by Mass Spectroscopy present the molecular weight of 27 (HCN), 28 (CO), 43 (amide) and 44 (CO2), respectively. Using FTIR to detect the trace amount of smoke is thus feasible and potentially applicable for IR-active sensing devices to determine specific gaseous by-products. Applying this study to identify low CO2 concentration, we minimize the dimension of variable path cell and detect the intensity of IR wavelength around 4.3 mm. A correlation between CO2 concentrations (Y) and electrical signals (X) is calculated as: Y = 26,239 — 103X with a correlation coefficient of —0.99079. Data processing is recorded using CPU of 89C52 and is displayed on LCD; the detectable range is 0-6,000 ppm. This minimized device is applicable for air quality control in a public sector, or for early monitoring of irregular CO2 increase in a close environment.
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Maloney, Ryan. "Ozone monitoring and canopy effect in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." 2003. http://etd.utk.edu/2003/MaloneyRyan.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003.
Title from title page screen (viewed Sept. 17, 2003). Thesis advisor: Wayne T. Davis. Document formatted into pages (x, 102 p. : ill., maps, charts). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).
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Books on the topic "Monitoring smoke"

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Guide to monitoring smoke exposure of wildland firefighters. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1999.

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Guide to monitoring smoke exposure of wildland firefighters. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1999.

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Guide to monitoring smoke exposure of wildland firefighters. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1999.

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McGettigan, M. F. Smoke and sulphur dioxide: A summary of results from Local Authority monitoring networks for 1995/96. Ardcavan: EPA, 1996.

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Trent, Andy. Evaluation of optical instruments for real-time continuous monitoring of smoke particulates. Missoula, MT: USDA Forest Service, Technology & Development Program, 2000.

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(1985), APCA Specialty Conference. Continuous emission monitoring: Advances and issues : transactions [of] an APCA International Specialty Conference. Edited by Jahnke J. A and Air Pollution Control Association. Pittsburgh, Pa: Air Pollution Control Association, 1985.

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Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), ed. Monitoring firefighter exposure to air toxins at prescribed burns of forest and range biomass. [Portland, Or.] (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1991.

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Monitoring firefighter exposure to air toxins at prescribed burns of forest and range biomass. [Portland, Or.] (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1991.

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Reinhardt, Timothy E. Monitoring firefighter exposure to air toxins at prescribed burns of forest and range biomass. [Portland, Or.] (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1991.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Air quality and respiratory problems in and near the Great Smoky Mountains : briefing report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Monitoring smoke"

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Agred, Souhila, Abdallah Benarous, Djamel Karmed, and Larbi Loukarfi. "Simplified Calculation Methods on Smoke and Temperature Stratification in Ventilated Compartments." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 9–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14532-7_2.

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Goyal, Somya, Pradeep K. Bhatia, and Anubha Parashar. "Cloud-Assisted IoT-Enabled Smoke Monitoring System (e-Nose) Using Machine Learning Techniques." In Smart Systems and IoT: Innovations in Computing, 743–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8406-6_70.

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Chen, Jiying, Shuanghe Chi, Gaoyuan Cheng, and Wenqin Zha. "Application of Fuzzy Algorithm’s Equal Flow Information Sampling Technique in Smoke Concentration Monitoring." In Data Processing Techniques and Applications for Cyber-Physical Systems (DPTA 2019), 1747–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1468-5_208.

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Zhang, Dan, and Chengying Li. "Infrared Smoke Online Automatic Monitoring System of Multi Components of Stationary Pollution Sources." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 235–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25899-2_32.

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Borah, Abinash, Sandeep Jangid, Amisha Kumari, Anita Gehlot, and Rajesh Singh. "Pollution Control by Installation of MQ-Smoke Sensors in Car Exhausts with IOT-Based Monitoring." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1191–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5903-2_124.

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"Monitoring the changes in atmospheric composition." In The Big Smoke (Routledge Revivals), 154–78. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203813898-14.

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Nagorskiy, Petr Mikhailovich, Mikhail Vsevolodovich Kabanov, and Konstantin Nikolaevich Pustovalov. "The Influence of Smoke From Forest Fires on the Meteorological and Electrical Characteristics of the Atmosphere." In Predicting, Monitoring, and Assessing Forest Fire Dangers and Risks, 322–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1867-0.ch014.

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The impact of smoke from forest fires in western Siberia on meteorological, atmospheric electric, and aerological variables has been analyzed. The anomalous distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere associated with the peculiarities of the evaporation regime and the absence of advective moisture transfer over the southern regions of Western Siberia during the fires. With an increase in the height of the homogeneous surface smoke layer with an unchanged aerosol optical thickness, the cooling of the earth's surface and heating of the atmosphere was weakened. The smoke plume spreads predominantly in the middle of the troposphere, creating aerosol layers elevated above the ground, the lower part of which had a negative volume charge. The effect of diurnal variations in the electrical field in the near-surface layer, differs from the known similar effects.
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Azevedo, P., F. Marques, J. M. Fernandes, J. H. Amorim, J. Valente, A. I. Miranda, C. Borrego, and J. P. S. Cunha. "A wearable system for firefighters smoke exposure monitoring." In Advances in forest fire research, 1312–18. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0884-6_144.

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Fu Tan, Lo. "Emerging from Smoke and Mirrors." In Smart and Pervasive Healthcare [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96212.

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Digital Health promises to transform healthcare in this decade. We have gone from “low tech” telephones, fax machines, dictation lines, desk-top electronic medical records, and data storage centers to video visits, texting, emails, smart phones and other mobile devices, and to higher forms including artificial intelligence, cloud data storage, and blockchain. However, letting go of legacy applications and then implementing the best available technology for clinical use has been challenging. This chapter will review the factors that contribute to the difficulty of moving from old to new tools. Specific examples will be video, electronic medical records and remote patient monitoring. The process of evaluating a new technological application will be described and a standardized framework proposed. We will finish with a discussion around local and scaled steps that can facilitate, support and sustain a patient-centered application of the best technology in healthcare. A call to action for the reader will be presented.
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Giokas, Kostas, Dimitra Iliopoulou, Ioannis Makris, and Dimitris Koutsouris. "Integrated System for Continuous Monitoring of COPD." In Handbook of Research on Trends in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions, 536–53. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8828-5.ch025.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disease characterized by reduction in airflow and is not fully reversible. COPD is the major cause of mortality and increased levels of disability, particularly in the elderly. Symptoms vary among individuals and include breathlessness, dyspnea, abnormal sputum and chronic cough. Exposure to tobacco smoke is by far the most important risk factor in the development of COPD and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. In this chapter the authors will present a system for the integrated care of COPD focusing on prevention and intervention.
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Conference papers on the topic "Monitoring smoke"

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Lan, Tian-Syung, Kai-Chi Chuang, I.-Hsiung Chang, and Lie-Ping Zhang. "Remote-Monitoring Smoke Detection System." In 2019 IEEE Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability (ECBIOS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecbios.2019.8807810.

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Battiato, Sebastiano, Pasquale Caponnetto, Oliver Giudice, Mazhar Hussain, Roberto Leotta, Alessandro Ortis, and Riccardo Polosa. "Food Recognition for Dietary Monitoring during Smoke Quitting." In International Conference on Image Processing and Vision Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010492701600165.

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Thananant, Vipa, and Chumpol Mokarat. "An IoT Based Intruder and Smoke Monitoring System." In ICCAI '21: 2021 7th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3467707.3467778.

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Raputa, V. F., and A. A. Lezhenin. "Methods for estimate the dynamic and thermal characteristics of smoke plumes." In Spatial Data Processing for Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Processes 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/sdm.2021.53.21.065.

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Space observations of the propagation of smoke flares from the chimneys of industrial enterprises provide information on the physical characteristics of the emitted gas-air mixtures. Models for estimating the parameters of the rise of impurities under the influence of dynamic and thermal factors are proposed. The basic relations in the estimation models are the solutions of the equations of hydrothermodynamics of the atmosphere. The case of neutral atmospheric stratification is considered in detail. Using satellite information and meteorological observation data, a numerical study of the stage of ascent of smoke jets from the chimneys of the Gusinoozerskaya State District Power Plant was carried out.
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Morizono, Koji, Yuji Maruta, and Makinori Ikeda. "Studies on Applicability of Smoke Sensors as a Sodium Leak Monitoring System." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22459.

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The prototype sodium-cooled FBR MONJU was shut down due to a sodium leak incident on Dec. 8, 1995, and has remained shut-down since. Currently, a safety assessment of the proposed new countermeasures against future leaks is being carried out. One of these countermeasures, a new sodium leak monitoring system to detect small scale leakage with high reliability, will be installed throughout the entire secondary cooling circuit area. An initial assessment suggested that smoke sensors would best meet the requirements for this monitoring system from the standpoints of sensitivity, reliability, and installation cost. To confirm the suitability of smoke sensors for sodium leak monitoring, their sensitivity to sodium aerosol has been measured experimentally, and their ability to detect small scale sodium leakage has been estimated by analytical methods.
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Ruminski, Mark, and Shobha Kondragunta. "Monitoring fire and smoke emissions with the hazard mapping system." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Symposium, edited by Felix Kogan, Shahid Habib, V. S. Hegde, and Masashi Matsuoka. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.694183.

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Gomez-Rodriguez, F., B. C. Arrue, and A. Ollero. "Smoke monitoring and measurement using image processing: application to forest fires." In AeroSense 2003, edited by Firooz A. Sadjadi. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.487050.

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He, Zhen, Yongchun Fang, Ning Sun, and Xiao Liang. "Wireless communication-based smoke detection system design for forest fire monitoring." In 2016 31st Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac.2016.7804941.

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Shen, Jianzhong, Shuai An, and Chenjie Wang. "Smoke Remote Monitoring Method for Environmental Fan Linkage System in Substation." In 2021 2nd International Seminar on Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Information Technology (AINIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ainit54228.2021.00096.

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Shi, Zhigang, Liangwei Sheng, Xiangming Cheng, and Yujin Zhang. "The CFD Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Smoke Diffusion in a Train." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.185.

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Reports on the topic "Monitoring smoke"

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Reinhardt, Tim E., Roger D. Ottmar, and Michael J. Hallett. Guide to monitoring smoke exposure of wildland firefighters. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-448.

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Radke, Lawrence F., Jamie H. Lyons, Peter V. Hobbs, Dean A. Hegg, David V. Sandberg, and Darold E. Ward. Airborne monitoring and smoke characterization of prescribed fires on forest lands in western Washington and Oregon. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-251.

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Carpenter, Grace, and J. A. Beeco. Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Acoustic monitoring report 2016. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286646.

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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Forest fire service fire fighter monitoring prescribed burn from roadway is struck and killed when smoke obscures visibility following a wind shift - New Jersey. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshfffacef201306.

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