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Journal articles on the topic 'Monitor units'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Mohr, Peter, Sabrina Brieger, Jürgen Stahl, and Gerlo Witucki. "Linearity of the Dose Monitor System at Low Monitor Units." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 183, no. 6 (June 2007): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-007-1596-2.

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2

JACKSON, RITA, and GEORGE NEWTON. "LPN: A Monitor Nurse for Telemetry Units." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 23, no. 1 (January 1992): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199201000-00020.

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3

Das, I. J., C.-W. Cheng, and S. F. Akber. "Low monitor units: significance in special therapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 44, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): L1—L2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/44/2/025.

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4

Tong, Zheng Ming, Jia Lei Lu, Chao Li, and Kai Zhu. "Investigation of Calorimetric Method inside the Fermentation Process of Glutamic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.938.

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In bioreactor, it often monitors some procedure parameters such as temperature, pH , and dissolved oxygen values to monitor fermentation process, but these parameters may be instability and delayed. Calorimetry hasn’t distinctiveness, virulence and doesn’t be sensitive to electrochemistry. So it can be used in some kind of culture fluid, even so it can be used in muddy fluid that photometers can’t be used in. Relative to other monitoring ways, calorimetry’s response time is short, so calorimetry is well suited to monitor bioprocesses on line. Calorimetry only needs normal standardize monitoring units, and this normal standardize monitoring units is be widely used in industry. Calorimetry as a simple alternative is beginning to be used in monitor bio-fermentation process.

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KRUK, Rafał, and Zbigniew REMPAŁA. "Monitor for Anti-Aircraft Guidance and Observation Systems." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2121.

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The paper presents a discussion on the issue of possible acceleration of radiolocation signal processing algorithms in seekers using graphics processing units. A concept and implementation examples of algorithms performing digital data filtering on general purpose central and graphics processing units are introduced. The results of performance comparison of central and graphics processing units during computing discrete convolution are presented at the end of the paper.

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6

Sowan, Azizeh K., Nancy Staggers, Andrea Berndt, Tommye Austin, Charles C. Reed, Ashwin Malshe, Max Kilger, Elma Fonseca, Ana Vera, and Qian Chen. "Improving the Safety, Effectiveness, and Efficiency of Clinical Alarm Systems: Simulation-Based Usability Testing of Physiologic Monitors." JMIR Nursing 4, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): e20584. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20584.

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Background Clinical alarm system safety is a national patient safety goal in the United States. Physiologic monitors are associated with the highest number of device alarms and alarm-related deaths. However, research involving nurses’ use of physiologic monitors is rare. Hence, the identification of critical usability issues for monitors, especially those related to patient safety, is a nursing imperative. Objective This study examined nurses’ usability of physiologic monitors in intensive care units with respect to the effectiveness and efficiency of monitor use. Methods In total, 30 nurses from 4 adult intensive care units completed 40 tasks in a simulation environment. The tasks were common monitoring tasks that were crucial for appropriate monitoring and safe alarm management across four categories of competencies: admitting, transferring, and discharging patients using the monitors (7 tasks); managing measurements and monitor settings (23 tasks); performing electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis (7 tasks); and troubleshooting alarm conditions (3 tasks). The nurse-monitor interaction was video-recorded. The principal investigator and two expert intensive care units nurse educators identified, classified, and validated task success (effectiveness) and the time of task completion (efficiency). Results Among the 40 tasks, only 2 (5%) were successfully completed by all the nurses. At least 1-27 (3%-90%) nurses abandoned or did not correctly perform 38 tasks. The task with the shortest completion time was “take monitor out of standby” (mean 0:02, SD 0:01 min:s), whereas the task “record a 25 mm/s ECG strip of any of the ECG leads” had the longest completion time (mean 1:14, SD 0:32 min:s). The total time to complete 37 navigation-related tasks ranged from a minimum of 3 min 57 s to a maximum of 32 min 42 s. Regression analysis showed that it took 6 s per click or step to successfully complete a task. To understand the nurses’ thought processes during monitor navigation, the authors analyzed the paths of the 2 tasks with the lowest successful completion rates, where only 13% (4/30) of the nurses correctly completed these 2 tasks. Although 30% (9/30) of the nurses accessed the correct screen first for task 1 and task 2, they could not find their way easily from there to successfully complete the 2 tasks. Conclusions Usability testing of physiologic monitors revealed major ineffectiveness and inefficiencies in the current nurse-monitor interactions. The results indicate the potential for safety and productivity issues in completing routine tasks. Training on monitor use should include critical monitoring functions that are necessary for safe, effective, efficient, and appropriate monitoring to include knowledge of the shortest navigation path. It is imperative that vendors’ future monitor designs mimic clinicians’ thought processes for successful, safe, and efficient monitor navigation.

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7

Chen, Xin, Karl Bush, Aiping Ding, and Lei Xing. "Independent calculation of monitor units for VMAT and SPORT." Medical Physics 42, no. 2 (January 26, 2015): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4906185.

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8

Kuvshinnikov, O. A., M. M. Labut', V. G. Shcherbinskii, Ya Yu Samedov, and S. A. Artem'ev. "Automatic Units to Monitor Rolling-Mill Rolls during Service." Metallurgist 47, no. 9/10 (September 2003): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mell.0000015266.90994.a3.

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9

Graham, Kelly Creighton, and Maria Cvach. "Monitor Alarm Fatigue: Standardizing Use of Physiological Monitors and Decreasing Nuisance Alarms." American Journal of Critical Care 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2010651.

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Background Reliance on physiological monitors to continuously “watch” patients and to alert the nurse when a serious rhythm problem occurs is standard practice on monitored units. Alarms are intended to alert clinicians to deviations from a predetermined “normal” status. However, alarm fatigue may occur when the sheer number of monitor alarms overwhelms clinicians, possibly leading to alarms being disabled, silenced, or ignored. Purpose Excessive numbers of monitor alarms and fear that nurses have become desensitized to these alarms was the impetus for a unit-based quality improvement project. Methods Small tests of change to improve alarm management were conducted on a medical progressive care unit. The types and frequency of monitor alarms in the unit were assessed. Nurses were trained to individualize patients’ alarm parameter limits and levels. Monitor software was modified to promote audibility of critical alarms. Results Critical monitor alarms were reduced 43% from baseline data. The reduction of alarms could be attributed to adjustment of monitor alarm defaults, careful assessment and customization of monitor alarm parameter limits and levels, and implementation of an interdisciplinary monitor policy. Discussion Although alarms are important and sometimes life-saving, they can compromise patients’ safety if ignored. This unit-based quality improvement initiative was beneficial as a starting point for revamping alarm management throughout the institution.

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Badusha, M. Ahamed, and CK McGarry. "Practical collimator optimization in the management of prostate IMRT planning: A feasibility study." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 11, no. 2 (June 27, 2011): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396911000197.

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AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the delivery efficiency of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with a non-zero collimator rotation approach compared to conventional planning IMRT in the management of prostate carcinoma. Inverse plans, created using conventional collimator angle 0° (CA0) for eight prostate patients, were compared to plans using collimator angle 70° (CA70) for all fields and also with plans utilizing an automatic collimator angle optimization tool (CAopt) for each field. Results demonstrate that IMRT plans created with rotational collimator techniques can produce comparable dose distributions to standard CA0 plans. The rotational collimator approach significantly reduced the total number of monitor units (MU) by 6% (p value = 0.027) and 9% (p value = 0.003) for CA70 and CAopt, respectively. The mean monitor units for CA0, CA70 and CAopt were 635 ± 107 MU, 597 ± 96 MU and 587 ± 104 MU, respectively. The mean peripheral dose was significantly increased with CA70 against CA0 (p value < 0.001) despite reduced monitor units. Collimator optimization resulted in reduction in monitor units and peripheral dose. The number of monitor units are reduced with the rotational collimator approach, which results in reduced delivery time. However, we conclude that peripheral dose should be analyzed when assessing monitor unit differences in IMRT plans.

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11

Hitchens, M. "Telemetry: who's watching the monitor?" Critical Care Nurse 12, no. 6 (August 1, 1992): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1992.12.6.100.

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The decision whether to use monitor watchers is not a simple one. Although a majority of respondents in a recent survey indicated that their units employed monitor watchers, debate on their use continues. The AHA provides support through the establishment of practice guidelines for ECG monitoring. Regardless of the debate, the overall goal in any system--employing monitor watchers or not--is to obtain desired patient outcomes.

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Funk, M., JA Parkosewich, CR Johnson, and I. Stukshis. "Effect of dedicated monitor watchers on patients' outcomes." American Journal of Critical Care 6, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1997.6.4.318.

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BACKGROUND: In 55% of progressive care units, someone is assigned to watch the cardiac monitors at all times, but the effect of this practice on patients' outcomes has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of continual observation of telemetry units by a monitor watcher on mortality, frequency of transfer to a critical care unit, and the occurrence of five life-threatening dysrhythmias. METHODS: Data for this quasi-experimental study were collected on 1185 patients for a 9-month period in 1993 when the cardiac progressive care unit had a monitor watcher and on 1198 patients for a 9-month period in 1994 when the unit had no monitor watcher. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in mortality, frequency of transfer to a critical care unit, or the occurrence of three of the five dysrhythmias examined. The presence of a monitor watcher was associated with significantly fewer episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia but more bradyarrhythmias. For both sustained ventricular tachycardia and bradyarrhythmias, the monitor watcher variable remained in the final multivariate logistic regression models. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a monitor watcher was not associated with lower rates of most adverse outcomes evaluated; however, fewer episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred when a monitor watcher was present. Sustained ventricular tachycardia is life-threatening, disturbing to the patient, and may result in a longer hospital stay while medical therapy is being adjusted. The results of this study support the use of a monitor watcher to prevent sustained ventricular tachycardia.

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13

Nagarkar, Parag P., Satish D. Ravetkar, and Milind G. Watve. "Oligophilic Bacteria as Tools To Monitor Aseptic Pharmaceutical Production Units." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1371-1374.2001.

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ABSTRACT The bacterial loads of air, surfaces, and personnel in clean rooms are routinely monitored using a set of standard media. Bacteria that can grow on these media are a tiny fraction of the total numbers in any environment. A substantial proportion of bacteria long thought to be unculturable were recently shown to be oligophilic. Oligophile counts in clean rooms in our studies exceeded the standard plate counts by up to 2 orders of magnitude. They responded to disinfection routines in ways similar to the responses of conventional bacteria. We suggest that oligophiles are better tools than conventional bacteria for environmental monitoring in aseptic pharmaceutical production units.

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14

Montgomery, Roy D., Frankie C. Tomlinson, and Gayle A. Reed. "An Inexpensive System to Monitor Air Flow in Isolation Units." Avian Diseases 36, no. 4 (October 1992): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591570.

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15

Cao, F., and R. Ramaseshan. "149 OPTIMAL IMRT FLUENCE SMOOTHING TO REDUCE MONITOR UNITS (MU)." Radiotherapy and Oncology 92 (September 2009): S47—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72536-7.

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16

Fuentemilla, N., S. Lozares, A. Forner, A. Otal, S. Pellejero, S. Miquelez, F. Mañeru, M. L. Martín-Albina, P. M. Soto, and A. Rubio. "EP-1342 MONITOR UNITS VERIFICATION CALCULATION IN INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY." Radiotherapy and Oncology 103 (May 2012): S510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71675-4.

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17

Oglat, Ammar A. "Acceptance experimentation and quality monitor of x-ray radiography units." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 172 (July 2020): 108810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108810.

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18

Cavalli, N., E. Bonanno, G. Stella, G. Pisasale, N. Ricottone, A. D’Agostino, A. Girlando, and C. Marino. "137. Monitor Units constraints for SBRT plans and prostate cancer." Physica Medica 56 (December 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.148.

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19

Igarashi, Hiroshi, Yoshihiko Hoshino, and Hiromitsu Higuchi. "Research Studies on Independent Verification of Monitor Units in Radiation Therapy." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 70, no. 2 (2014): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2014_jsrt_70.2.143.

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20

Stukshis, I., M. Funk, CR Johnson, and JA Parkosewich. "Accuracy of detection of clinically important dysrhythmias with and without a dedicated monitor watcher." American Journal of Critical Care 6, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1997.6.4.312.

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BACKGROUND: Although dedicated monitor watchers are used in many progressive care units with telemetry monitors, this costly practice has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of detection of clinically important dysrhythmias with and without a dedicated monitor watcher. METHODS: On a 26-bed cardiac progressive care unit, documentation of four categories of dysrhythmias during a 7-week period when a monitor watcher was present was compared with that during a 7-week period when no monitor watcher was present. The Hewlett-Packard CareVue Clinical Event Review, a full-disclosure system, was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: Accuracy of detection of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and pauses was significantly better with a monitor watcher than without. Although the detection of life-threatening rhythms was correct a higher percentage of the time with a monitor watcher, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The efficiency and quality of patient care can be enhanced by using a dedicated monitor watcher. The results of this study raise the question of whether improved accuracy of detection of dysrhythmias results in better outcomes for patients.

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Funk, Marjorie, Kristopher P. Fennie, Krista A. Knudson, and Halley Ruppel. "Monitor-Watcher Use, Nurses’ Knowledge of Electrocardiographic Monitoring, and Arrhythmia Detection." American Journal of Critical Care 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2021122.

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Background Electrocardiographic telemetry monitors are ubiquitous in hospitals. Dedicated monitor watchers, either on the unit or in a centralized location, are often responsible for observing telemetry monitors and responding to their alarms. The impact of use of monitor watchers is not known. Objectives To evaluate the association of monitor-watcher use with (1) nurses’ knowledge of electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring and (2) accuracy of arrhythmia detection. Methods Baseline data from 37 non–intensive care unit cardiac patient care areas in 17 hospitals in the Practical Use of the Latest Standards for Electrocardiography trial were analyzed. Nurses’ knowledge (n = 1136 nurses) was measured using a validated, 20-item online test. Accuracy of arrhythmia detection (n = 1189 patients) was assessed for 5 consecutive days by comparing arrhythmias stored in the monitor with nurses’ documentation. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the association of use of monitor watchers with scores on the ECG-monitoring knowledge test. The association of monitor-watcher use with accuracy of arrhythmia detection was examined by χ2 analysis. Results Of the 37 units, 13 (35%) had monitor watchers. Use of monitor watchers was not independently associated with ECG-monitoring knowledge (P = .08). The presence of monitor watchers also was not significantly associated with the accuracy of arrhythmia detection (P = .94). Conclusion Although the use of monitor watchers was not associated with diminished nurses’ knowledge of ECG monitoring, it also was not associated with more accurate arrhythmia detection. If implementing a monitor-watcher program, critical safety points, such as ensuring closed-loop communication, must be considered.

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22

Sellakumar, P., C. Arun, S. S. Sanjay, and S. B. Ramesh. "Comparison of monitor units calculated by radiotherapy treatment planning system and an independent monitor unit verification software." Physica Medica 27, no. 1 (January 2011): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2010.01.006.

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23

Nwaneri, S. C., B. N. Ezenwa, A. A. Osuntoki, V. C. Ezeaka, D. W. Gatchell, and F. T. Ogunsola. "SMART MULTIPARAMETER INFANT APNOEA MONITOR." Asian Journal Of Medical Technology 2, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32896/ajmedtech.v2n2.15-32.

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Apnoea is a common disorder in preterm infants who may also suffer from neonatal hypertension. Conventional apnoea monitors used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) do not include features for measuring neonatal blood pressure and real-time remote monitoring. Smart devices to monitor this problem in resource-poor environments are expensive and sparsely available. This paper presents the development of a smart multiparameter infant apnoea monitor in a resource-poor setting. The circuit was designed and simulated in Proteus software. The signals were processed using Arduino mega microcontrollers. The microcontroller concurrently communicates apnoea events to the GSM modem and alarm which notify the doctor and caregivers by SMS alert and audible alarm, respectively. Preliminary testing on stable infants at the NICU of Lagos University Teaching Hospital showed promising results. The device can effectively be used to monitor apnoea in infants as well as transmit the results to the doctor in a remote location by SMS. It can also be used to monitor other parameters like oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The documented experiences will provide useful insights for smart infant apnoea monitor development in resource-poor environments.

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Ramos, Luis Isaac, Rafael Martínez Monge, José Javier Aristu, and Leire Arbea Moreno. "An independent algorithm to check the monitor units calculation in radiosurgery." Medical Physics 35, no. 1 (December 11, 2007): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2815361.

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Wang, C., S. Luan, G. Tang, D. Chen, and C. Yu. "SU-GG-T-92: Dynamic Leaf Sequencing with Monitor Units Control." Medical Physics 35, no. 6Part10 (June 2008): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2961844.

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Zhu, X. R., M. T. Gillin, K. Ehlers, F. Lopez, D. F. Grimm, J. J. Rownd, and Todd H. Steinberg. "Dependence of virtual wedge factor on dose calibration and monitor units." Medical Physics 28, no. 2 (February 2001): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1344204.

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27

Kalinowski, Thomas. "Reducing the number of monitor units in multileaf collimator field segmentation." Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, no. 6 (March 3, 2005): 1147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/6/008.

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Popescu, I., C. Shaw, S. Zavgorodn, and W. Beckham. "325 Calibrating a virtual linac: monitor units in Monte Carlo simulations." Radiotherapy and Oncology 76 (September 2005): S148—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81301-5.

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Bartocci, Marco, Giovanni Serra, Lorenzo Basano, Fabio Canepa, and Pasquale Ottonello. "Cerebral blood-flow monitor for use in neonatal intensive care units." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 59, no. 1 (April 1999): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(98)00106-0.

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Ayyangar, Komanduri M., Cheng B. Saw, Darren Gearheart, Bin Shen, and Robert Thompson. "Independent calculations to validate monitor units from ADAC treatment planning system." Medical Dosimetry 28, no. 2 (June 2003): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-3947(02)00237-6.

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Mohlapholi, M., T. Mkhize, and T. Moalosi. "O12. Monitor units comparison between TPS and independent software verification system." Physica Medica 32 (September 2016): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.020.

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Rosenberg, I., J. C. H. Chu, and V. Saxena. "Calculation of monitor units for a linear accelerator with asymmetric jaws." Medical Physics 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597524.

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33

Niedhart, Dagmar J., Heiko A. Kaiser, Eric Jacobsohn, Charles B. Hantler, Alex S. Evers, and Michael S. Avidan. "Intrapatient Reproducibility of the BISxp® Monitor." Anesthesiology 104, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200602000-00007.

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Background The Bispectral Index (BIS) reportedly reflects anesthetic depth. It is recommended that anesthetic agents should be titrated to maintain the BIS between 40 and 60 arbitrary BIS units during anesthesia. For anesthesia providers to follow this recommendation, the monitor should be predictably affected by different anesthetic agents and have good interpatient and intrapatient reproducibility. The authors hypothesized that when two BISxp devices (Aspect Medical Systems, Newton, MA) are placed concurrently on the same patient, their readings are concordant throughout the anesthetic period. Methods Simultaneous BIS recordings from two BISxp monitors were obtained during anesthesia at 5-s intervals from 12 participants. Results In total 22,860 concurrent paired BIS readings were obtained. For 10.7% of the time, there were sustained periods of 30 s or greater where the readings suggested a different depth of anesthesia. For 6% of the time, there were sustained periods of 30 s or greater where the readings differed by 10 or more arbitrary BIS units. The regression coefficient (R) for the two devices was 0.65 (range, 0.35-0.92). There was zero bias between the devices, and the 95% limits of agreement ranged between -18 and +17. Conclusion A conflicting anesthetic management was suggested by the simultaneous BIS readings 10.7% of the time. These results suggest that BISxp does not always provide a reproducible single number. Anesthesia providers should not rely exclusively on the BIS reading when assessing depth of anesthesia.

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John, Dinesh, Qu Tang, Fahd Albinali, and Stephen Intille. "An Open-Source Monitor-Independent Movement Summary for Accelerometer Data Processing." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2018-0068.

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Background: Physical behavior researchers using motion sensors often use acceleration summaries to visualize, clean, and interpret data. Such output is dependent on device specifications (e.g., dynamic range, sampling rate) and/or are proprietary, which invalidate cross-study comparison of findings when using different devices. This limits flexibility in selecting devices to measure physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Purpose: Develop an open-source, universal acceleration summary metric that accounts for discrepancies in raw data among research and consumer devices. Methods: We used signal processing techniques to generate a Monitor-Independent Movement Summary unit (MIMS-unit) optimized to capture normal human motion. Methodological steps included raw signal harmonization to eliminate inter-device variability (e.g., dynamic g-range, sampling rate), bandpass filtering (0.2–5.0 Hz) to eliminate non-human movement, and signal aggregation to reduce data to simplify visualization and summarization. We examined the consistency of MIMS-units using orbital shaker testing on eight accelerometers with varying dynamic range (±2 to ±8 g) and sampling rates (20–100 Hz), and human data (N = 60) from an ActiGraph GT9X. Results: During shaker testing, MIMS-units yielded lower between-device coefficient of variations than proprietary ActiGraph and ENMO acceleration summaries. Unlike the widely used ActiGraph activity counts, MIMS-units were sensitive in detecting subtle wrist movements during sedentary behaviors. Conclusions: Open-source MIMS-units may provide a means to summarize high-resolution raw data in a device-independent manner, thereby increasing standardization of data cleaning and analytical procedures to estimate selected attributes of physical behavior across studies.

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Hälg, Roger A., Jürgen Besserer, Markus Boschung, Sabine Mayer, and Uwe Schneider. "Monitor units are not predictive of neutron dose for high-energy IMRT." Radiation Oncology 7, no. 1 (2012): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1748-717x-7-138.

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Pöll, Johan J., Mischa S. Hoogeman, Jean-Briac Prévost, Joost J. Nuyttens, Peter C. Levendag, and Ben J. Heijmen. "Reducing monitor units for robotic radiosurgery by optimized use of multiple collimators." Medical Physics 35, no. 6Part1 (May 13, 2008): 2294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2919090.

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37

Petersen, Carl, David Pyne, Marc Portus, and Brian Dawson. "Validity and Reliability of GPS Units to Monitor Cricket-Specific Movement Patterns." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 4, no. 3 (September 2009): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.3.381.

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Purpose:The validity and reliability of three commercial global positioning system (GPS) units (MinimaxX, Catapult, Australia; SPI-10, SPI-Pro, GPSports, Australia) were quantified.Methods:Twenty trials of cricket-specific locomotion patterns and distances (walking 8800 m, jogging 2400 m, running 1200 m, striding 600 m, sprinting 20- to 40-m intervals, and run-a-three) were compared against criterion measures (400-m athletic track, electronic timing). Validity was quantified with the standard error of the estimate (SEE) and reliability estimated using typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation.Results:The validity (mean ± 90% confidence limits) for locomotion patterns walking to striding ranged from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 3.8 ± 1.4%, whereas for sprinting distances over 20 to 40 m including run-a-three (approx. 50 m) the SEE ranged from 2.6 ± 1.0 to 23.8 ± 8.8%. The reliability (expressed as mean [90% confidence limits]) of estimating distance traveled by walking to striding ranged from 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) to 2.9% (2.3 to 4.0). Similarly, mean reliability of estimating different sprinting distances over 20 to 40 m ranged from 2.0 (1.6 to 2.8) to 30.0% (23.2 to 43.3).Conclusions:The accuracy and bias was dependent on the GPS brand employed. Commercially available GPS units have acceptable validity and reliability for estimating longer distances (600–8800 m) in walking to striding, but require further development for shorter cricket-specifc sprinting distances.

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Crooks, S. M., L. F. McAven, D. F. Robinson, and L. Xing. "Minimizing delivery time and monitor units in static IMRT by leaf-sequencing." Physics in Medicine and Biology 47, no. 17 (August 6, 2002): 3105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/17/305.

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Cavalli, N., E. Bonanno, G. Pisasale, N. Ricottone, A. D'Agostino, A. Girlando, and C. Marino. "EP-1870: Monitor Units influence on RT/SBRT plans for prostate cancer." Radiotherapy and Oncology 127 (April 2018): S1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32179-0.

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de Boer, Roel W., F. W. Wittkämper, and M. J. P. Brugmans. "93 Computation of monitor units for irregular MLC-fields using scatter integration." Radiotherapy and Oncology 40 (January 1996): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(96)80100-9.

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Calandrino, Riccardo, Giovanni Mauro Cattaneo, Antonella Del Vecchio, Claudio Morino, Barbara Longobardi, and Patrizia Signorotto. "Human errors in the calculation of monitor units in clinical radiotherapy practice." Radiotherapy and Oncology 28, no. 1 (July 1993): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8140(93)90193-c.

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Colbert, Derek S., James A. Ruttinger, Mary Streich, Michael Chamberlain, L. Mike Conner, and Robert J. Warren. "Application of autonomous recording units to monitor gobbling activity by wild turkey." Wildlife Society Bulletin 39, no. 4 (August 27, 2015): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.577.

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Summerlin-Long, Shelley, Brooke Brewer, Amy Selimos, Mark Buchanan, Christa Clark, Karen Croyle, Cynthia Culbreth, et al. "Building a PPE Monitor Team as Part of a Comprehensive COVID-19 Prevention Strategy." Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 1, S1 (July 2021): s47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ash.2021.88.

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Background: The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical intervention in preventing the spread of transmission-based infections in healthcare settings. However, contamination of the skin and clothing of healthcare personnel (HCP) frequently occurs during the doffing of PPE. In fact, nearly 40% of HCP make errors while doffing their PPE, causing them to contaminate themselves. PPE monitors are staff that help to promote their colleagues’ safety by guiding them through the PPE donning and doffing processes. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, the UNC Medical Center chose to incorporate PPE monitors as part of its comprehensive COVID-19 prevention strategy, using them in inpatient areas (including COVID-19 containment units and all other units with known or suspected SARS-CoV-2–positive patients), procedural areas, and outpatient clinics. Methods: Infection prevention and nursing developed a PPE monitoring team using redeployed staff from outpatient clinics and inpatient areas temporarily closed because of the pandemic. Employee training took place online and included fundamentals of disease transmission, hand hygiene basics, COVID-19 policies and signage, and videos on proper donning and doffing, including coaching tips. The monitors’ first shifts were supervised by experienced monitors to continue in-place training. Employees had competency sheets signed off by a supervisor. Results: The Medical Center’s nursing house supervisors took over management and deployment of the PPE monitoring team, and infection prevention staff continued to train new members. Eventually, as closed clinics and areas reopened and these PPE monitors returned to their regular positions, areas used their own staff to perform the role of PPE monitor. In the fall of 2020, a facility-wide survey was sent to all inpatient staff to assess their perceptions of the Medical Center’s efforts to protect them from acquiring COVID-19. It included a question asking how much staff agreed or disagreed that PPE monitors “play an important role in keeping our staff who care for COVID-19 patients safe.” Of the 626 staff who answered this question, 67.6% agreed or strongly agreed that PPE monitors played an important role in keeping staff safe. Thus far, there has been no direct transmission or clusters of COVID-19 involving HCP in COVID-19 containment units with PPE monitors. Conclusions: PPE monitors are an important part of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention strategy. In early 2021, the UNC Medical Center posted and hired paid PPE monitor positions to continue this critical work in a sustainable way.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

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Bindu, Barkha, Gyaninder P. Singh, Varun Jain, and Arvind Chaturvedi. "A Persistently High End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Value: Can This Be Spurious?" Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 07, no. 02 (May 1, 2019): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1679133.

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AbstractEnd-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring has now become the standard of care not only during anesthesia but also in intensive care units for patients on mechanical ventilation, emergency department, and pre-hospital settings to confirm and monitor the correct placement of endotracheal tube. It is a non-invasive and continuous method of measuring exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2). Continuous waveform capnography measures EtCO2 and monitors ventilation. EtCO2 often correlates with partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) and is a reliable indicator of PaCO2. A rise in EtCO2 often implies increased production of CO2 or decreased excretion (rebreathing, decrease ventilation) of CO2. We report an unusual case where the monitor malfunction per se lead to spuriously increased EtCO2 values without any clinical cause and did not correlate with PaCO2, thereby re-emphasizing that various monitors must always be interpreted in correlation with clinical observation.

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Vertkin, A. L., A. S. Sycheva, A. L. Kebina, E. A. Sergeeva, and M. A. Malyavina. "Measurement of blood pressure using automatic monitors in patients with atrial fibrillation: a comparative analysis." Russian Medical Inquiry 5, no. 4 (2021): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-4-189-195.

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Aim: to specify indications for use of distinct types of blood pressure monitors (mechanical, automatic with arrhythmia detector and upper arm cuff, and automatic with arrhythmia detector and wrist cuff) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib). Patients and Methods: 202 patients (mean age 61.8 ± 1.3 years) with paroxysmal AFib of any origin occurred no more than 1 month ago and atrial tachysystole were enrolled. All patients had a history of hypertension of various severity. This study was conducted in three units, i.e., ICU, ED, and therapeutic department. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed at 8 a.m., 12 p.m., and 4 p.m. using various types of BP monitors in turn, i.e., mechanical BP monitor (whose readings were considered reference values), automatic BP monitor OMRON M2 BASIC HEM-7121-ALRU (OMRON M2 BASIC) with upper arm cuff, automatic BP monitor OMRON RS2 HEM-6121-Ru (OMRON RS2) with wrist cuff, and automatic BP monitors of other manufacturers with upper arm cuff (B1 and A1) or wrist cuff (B2 and A2). Results: in patients with AFib of any severity, BP readings measured by automatic BP monitors OMRON M2 BASIC and OMRON RS2 demonstrate no significant differences compared to BP readings measured by mechanical BP monitor. Meanwhile, BP readings measured by BP monitors of other manufacturers (A1, A2, B1, and B2) were significantly different from reference values. The more severe was arrhythmia, the more significant the differences were. Conclusions: automatic BP monitors OMRON M2 BASIC and OMRON RS2 that provide as accurate as possible BP readings can be recommended for measuring BP in patients with AFib of any severity in ED, outpatient wards, and at home (self-control). KEYWORDS: hypertension, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure measurement, blood pressure variability, blood pressure monitor. FOR CITATION: Vertkin A.L., Sycheva A.S., Kebina A.L. et al. Measurement of blood pressure using automatic monitors in patients with atrial fibrillation: a comparative analysis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(4):189–195 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-4-189-195.

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Hall, Irene Jonell. "Quality Assurance: Monitors in Special Care." AACN Advanced Critical Care 2, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-1991-1008.

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Special care units need to establish economically feasible and meaningful monitors to evaluate patient care needs. High-cost areas, such as special care, monitor appropriate use of resources in high-risk, high-volume, and problem-prone areas. The monitoring process needs to provide information regarding the quality of care in the special care unit without greatly decreasing time spent by staff in direct patient care. This chapter discusses development of efficient monitoring tools for quality assurance indicators in the special care unit

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Stupnik, Mykola, Viktor Tarasiutin, and Pavlo Fedorenko. "Parameters of selective martite ores disintegration in structured ore bodies deposits by borehole hydraulic monitors." E3S Web of Conferences 60 (2018): 00032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186000032.

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The work is aimed at determining parameters of advance borehole stoping by hydraulic monitors leading to rational use of reserves structured according to ore types at deposits by means of advance stoping with selective disintegration of high-grade martite ores. The research methods include experimental investigations of parameters of breaking a high-grade martite ore massif by high-pressure water jets of borehole monitors; laboratory studies of technological properties of hydrodisintegrated products and their concentratibility; theoretical generalization of experimental data. The research has resulted in developing experimental borehole hydraulic monitors and determining basic technical parameters of high-pressure water jets; determining regularities of hydraulic monitor disintegration of high-grade martite ores considering structural and mineralogical characteristics of the ores and hydrodisintegration modes; proving the fact that the process of high-grade martite ore disintegration by monitors is also the process of ore disintegration to the level of ore mineral grain release providing the higher quality disintegration product after subsequent dewatering than that of the initial one. The scientific novelty of the research consists in determining a criterion of hydrodisintegration of martites, conditions of forming a required fractional composition of monitor disintegration products through controlling stability of a pulse of the water jet action on the stope face. The practical relevance of the monitor breaking process in conditions of mining units at deep levels of Kryvbas underground mines consists in providing advanced stoping of rich martite ores through raises and obtaining a new kind of product – martite superconcentrate.

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Gil Conde, M., M. J. Albertos Fernández, M. N. Manuel, F. Campos Morillo, and Á. Seguro Fernández. "PO-1387: Correlation between gamma analysis results and monitor units in prostate VMAT." Radiotherapy and Oncology 152 (November 2020): S737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01405-5.

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Ruppel, Halley, Marjorie Funk, and Robin Whittemore. "Measurement of Physiological Monitor Alarm Accuracy and Clinical Relevance in Intensive Care Units." American Journal of Critical Care 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2018385.

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Background Alarm fatigue threatens patient safety by delaying or reducing clinician response to alarms, which can lead to missed critical events. Interventions to reduce alarms without jeopardizing patient safety target either inaccurate or clinically irrelevant alarms, so assessment of alarm accuracy and clinical relevance may enhance the rigor of alarm intervention studies done in clinical units. Objectives To (1) examine approaches used to measure accuracy and/or clinical relevance of physiological monitor alarms in intensive care units and (2) compare the proportions of inaccurate and clinically irrelevant alarms. Methods An integrative review was used to systematically search the literature and synthesize resulting articles. Results Twelve studies explicitly measuring alarm accuracy and/or clinical relevance on a clinical unit were identified. In the most rigorous studies, alarms were annotated retrospectively by obtaining alarm data and parameter waveforms rather than being annotated in real time. More than half of arrhythmia alarms in recent studies were inaccurate. However, contextual data were needed to determine alarms’ clinical relevance. Proportions of clinically irrelevant alarms were high, but definitions of clinically irrelevant alarms often included inaccurate alarms. Conclusions Future studies testing interventions on clinical units should include alarm accuracy and/or clinical relevance as outcome measures. Arrhythmia alarm accuracy should improve with advances in technology. Clinical interventions should focus on reducing clinically irrelevant alarms, with careful consideration of how clinical relevance is defined and measured.

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Sahoo, Narayan, X. Ronald Zhu, Bijan Arjomandy, George Ciangaru, MingFwu Lii, Richard Amos, Richard Wu, and Michael T. Gillin. "A procedure for calculation of monitor units for passively scattered proton radiotherapy beams." Medical Physics 35, no. 11 (October 21, 2008): 5088–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2992055.

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