Academic literature on the topic 'Money – Maine – 19th Century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Money – Maine – 19th Century"
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Vollmers, Gloria, and Darlene Bay. "SMALL-TIME ACCOUNTING: A 19TH CENTURY MEAT MERCHANT IN MAINE." Accounting Historians Journal 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2001): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.28.1.43.
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The journal of Amos K. Hersey, a 19th century meat merchant from Pembroke, Maine is examined in this paper. The accounting system used by Hersey is analyzed and compared with contemporary prescriptions for account keeping. The paper seeks to contribute to the emerging literature on the history of accounting among ordinary people. It shows how the accounts kept by Hersey reflect and illuminate several features of a local economy and society.
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Albano Leoni, Federico, and Francesca M. Dovetto. "From Maine de Biran to the ‘Motor Theory’ of speech." Historiographia Linguistica 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.23.3.06alb.
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Summary The basic idea of the modern Motor Theory of Speech Perception (Liberman et al. 1963) is that “the perception of speech is tightly linked to the feedback from the speaker’s own articulatory movements”. In this paper we try to show how the same idea was already formulated by the French philosopher Maine de Biran (1805) and taken up in the second half of the 19th century by psychologists (like Steinthal) and linguists (like Kruszewski and Paul). However, whereas in the 19th century the articulatory point of view was not only dominant, but also the only one incorporated in a general theory of language, in the 20th century the articulatory perspective is supplemented by the acoustic one (cf. Malmberg 1967). This was only hinted at by Ferdinand de Saussure in the Cours, but fully expressed in Jakobson & Halle (1956). In this respect, Liberman’s Motor Theory is to be considered much less original than it has been claimed.
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Engl, Rob. "Where there's muck there's money." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 67 (2017): 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2017.67.1-68.
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In 2012 excavation works undertaken along the western frontage of Advocate's Close, Edinburgh (NGR: NT 25700 73671) revealed the remains of a 16th-century tenement, owned in turn by the Cants, Hamiltons and Raes, all burgesses or merchants of the city. The tenement remains consisted of wall foundations, cellar floor surfaces and other substantial architectural features including a turnpike stair and corbelled roof. The tenement was demolished and back-filled with rubble during the late 19th century, after which it was replaced by a formal, terraced garden. The excavations within this area revealed a series of associated midden deposits, pits and structural features located to the immediate rear of the tenement. These deposits have provided a stratified sequence of occupation ranging from the initial settlement of Edinburgh's Old Town in the 12th/13th century to the clearing and landscaping of the tenement area in the late 19th century. A large artefactual assemblage was recovered from the midden deposits, including important animal and fish bone, glass, clay pipe, tile and ceramic evidence. The ceramic assemblage included substantial amounts of imported material from England and the Continent. The consumption patterns revealed by the artefactual and ecofactual evidence appear to directly reflect the changing fortunes of post-medieval Edinburgh. The high status of many of the Close's inhabitants is illustrated throughout the expansion of the 16th and 17th centuries, as is the decline undergone during the later 17th and early 18th centuries. The stratified midden deposits at Advocate's Close reveal the changing attitudes of the Old Town inhabitants towards the issue of midden management and general waste disposal, which in turn reflects the development and growth taking place in Edinburgh during the late 16th to 19th centuries.
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Simha, S. L. N. "Dr. Brahmananda on “Money Income Prices in 19th Century India”." Indian Economic Journal 49, no. 3 (March 2002): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220020311.
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Rutterford, Janette, and Josephine Maltby. "FRANK MUST MARRY MONEY: MEN, WOMEN, AND PROPERTY IN TROLLOPE'S NOVELS." Accounting Historians Journal 33, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 169–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.33.2.169.
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There is a continuing debate about the extent to which women in the 19th century were involved in economic life. The paper uses a reading of a number of novels by the English author Anthony Trollope to explore the impact of primogeniture, entail, and the marriage settlement on the relationship between men and women and the extent to which women were involved in the ownership, transmission, and management of property in England in the mid-19th century.
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Vasudevan, Ramaa. "Shadow Money in the 19th Century: Is Marx Relevant for Understanding Contemporary Shadow Money?" Review of Political Economy 30, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2018.1478509.
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Gilbert, Emily. "‘Ornamenting the Facade of Hell’: Iconographies of 19th-Century Canadian Paper Money." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 16, no. 1 (February 1998): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d160057.
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In this paper I explore the iconographies on 19th-century Canadian paper money. Drawing upon the recent debates regarding the intersection of culture, society, and economy, it is argued that the form of paper money conveys not only economic but social and cultural values. The paper is divided into three parts. The first section situates Canadian paper currency in terms of the consolidation of paper monies more generally in the 18th and 19th centuries, but with particular reference to Britain and the United States. I then turn to a more specific analysis of the design and production of paper money, illustrating how monetary images were transferred among artistic media. A third section focuses on some of the spatial aspects of paper money by exploring national and imperial monetary narratives which are in turn related to specific monetary practices. In a brief conclusion the importance of an historical analysis to our contemporary understanding of paper and other kinds of monies is outlined and points to our complicity in economic, social, and cultural networks.
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Boiko-Haharin, A. "THE MONEY COUNTERFEITERS IN KYIV REGION IN THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 145 (2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.145.2.
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The article deals with the processes of counterfeiting and the attempts to sell the forgery coins and banknotes during the 19th – early 20th centuries in the Kyiv region, which were analyzed basing on files of historical archival funds and materials of the press of that time. The peculiarities of counterfeiters activity in the specified region were determined, the main centers and areas of counterfeiters manufacturing were established, as well as the places and conditions of their sale. Most of the sources cited in this article are published for the first time. There were also periods of increase in counterfeiters activity in Kyiv and in the provinces. In addition to the data over the circulating money counterfeits (coins, assignations and credit notes), we also provide the data on the revealed facts of counterfeiting of treasury bills, tax stamps and money surrogates. The conclusions obtained in the article allow us to imagine the extent of the problem of counterfeiting money in the Kyiv region and to make the topography of the main areas of counterfeiting detection. The research is highly relevant and has high scientific significance not only for the history of money circulation and numismatics, but also for the history of criminalistics and jurisprudence.
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Dubyansky, A. "Parallel Money in the Russian Economic Literature of the XIX—XX centuries." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2013): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-7-111-123.
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The paper shows the role played by the concept of parallel money in understanding the evolution of the monetary circulation in Russia in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. As evidenced by historical investigations, the experience of parallel money circulation is both theoretically relevant and useful for the contemporary monetary practice.
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Jaukovic, Gordana, and Nevenka Knezevic-Lukic. "Methods for identifying counterfeit money in the territory of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia in the 19th century." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 171 (2019): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1971341j.
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Counterfeiting is one of the oldest and most persistent criminal offences. Scientific and technological development has enabled the emergence of a more modern money manufacturing technology and improvement of money protection systems, though at the same time it broadened the possibilities for criminal offences, notably the production of counterfeits. In the mid-1860s, the money in circulation in the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia was of foreign origin, comprising 43 types of different metal coins and one type of paper money. Gold and silver money of European origin was deemed by the people to be better and ?purer? than Turkish money. In an effort to establish control over the technological process of manufacturing the national currency and at the same time prevent the counterfeiting of money of different types and origin, the Principality of Serbia appointed chemists Mihajlo Raskovic and later Sima Lozanic, as ?examiners of ores and false money?. Almost all counterfeit currencies appeared immediately in circulation in the territory of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia. This paper presents the methods used in the process of identifying false/suspect money, methods used to determine the nominal value of money, the importance of introduction of those scientific methods in the criminal and legal sphere of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia, which can be considered the beginning of the forensic chemistry in Serbia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Money – Maine – 19th Century"
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Risk, Shannon M. ""In Order to Establish Justice": The Nineteenth-Century Woman Suffrage Movements of Maine and New Brunswick." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RiskSM2009.pdf.
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Ungaro, Stefano. "The relationships between money and financial markets in France. 1880-1914." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH048/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur la relation entre les marchés monétaire et financier en France sur la période 1880-1914. On y étudie notamment le marché des prêts à court terme. La thèse étudie en détail deux segmentes de ce marché : les avances sur titres (prêts à court terme garantis), et le marché des reports (« sale and repurchase agreements) . Les intermédiaires clé sont la Banque de France, quatre grandes banques de dépôt, les banques régionales, et les deux acteurs du marché boursier : la Compagnie des agents de change et la Coulisse. La thèse est structurée en trois chapitres. Le premier porte sur l’introduction d’une chambre de compensation dans le marché des reports en France, et étudie les conséquences de cette introduction sur le risque de contrepartie. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur la politique monétaire de la Banque de France entre 1890 et 1913 et le rôle du secteur bancaire sur la transmission de la politique monétaire même. Le troisième et dernier chapitre porte sur la crise financière de 1914 en FranceThis thesis deals with the relationship between the money market and the financial market from 1880 to 1914. It focuses in particular on the market for short-term loans. This dissertation studies in detail two segments of this market: the advances on securities (collateralized short-term loans), and the repo market (repurchase agreements). The key financial intermediaries are the Banque de France, four main commercial banks, regional banks, the « coulisse » operating over-the-counter and the « Compagnie des agents de changes ». The dissertation is structured in three chapters. The first deals with the introduction of a clearing house in the French historical repo market, and studies its consequences on counterparty risk. The second chapter deals with Bank of France monetary policy between 1890 and 1913 and the role of the banking sector in the transmission of policy shocks. The third chapter deals with the Great Financial Crisis of 1914
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Laffey, Seth Edward. "The Letters of Edwin Arlington Robinson: A Digital Edition (1889-1895)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1499369594701871.
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Cordeiro, Sara Regina Ramos. "O significado do dinheiro em Balzac." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279990.
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Orientador: Elide Rugai BastosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cordeiro_SaraReginaRamos_D.pdf: 2308227 bytes, checksum: 42cf83bc37ec21bf5a996346688c5ea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Com a emergência da sociedade burguesa de mercado no século XIX o dinheiro passou a desempenhar um papel fundamental na nova configuração, uma vez que a manutenção e expansão de tal sociedade pressupõem a regularidade nas trocas e, conseqüentemente, uma economia monetária desenvolvida a ponto de assegurar essa regularidade. Alguns romancistas, em particular os realistas franceses, demonstraram em seus romances a emergência dessa sociedade motivada pelo lucro, tendo o dinheiro como elemento central de suas narrativas. A Comédia Humana de Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) é considerada o maior registro literário da sociedade francesa desse período e muitas de suas tramas são atravessadas por relações mediadas pelo dinheiro. Mais tarde, sociólogos como Karl Marx (1818-1883), Georg Simmel (1858-1918) e Max Weber (1864-1920) desenvolveram suas análises numa perspectiva crítica à sociedade de mercado, destacando o dinheiro como elemento racionalizador das relações e desagregador dos laços tradicionais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho pretende mobilizar as categorias analíticas da sociologia clássica para analisar parte da obra de Balzac a fim de verificar como o romancista via a relação que os indivíduos de sua época estabeleciam com o dinheiro e quais os principais impactos dessa relação na moderna sociedade
Abstract: The raising of a bourgeois market society in the nineteenth century resulted in the great importance that money started to play in the new social arrangement, since the maintenance and expansion of that society predicted the regularity in exchanges and, as a consequence, a monetary economy developed to the point that insured this regularity. Some novelists, particularly French realists ones, showed in their novels the emergence of this market society motivated by profits, having money as the central element of their stories. The Human Comedy, by Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) is considered the biggest literary register of the French society of that period and many of its plots are crossed by relations mediated by money. Afterwards, sociologists like Karl Marx (1818-1883), Georg Simmel (1858-1918) and Max Weber (1864-1920) developed their studies in a critical perspective from the market society, contrasting money as the rational element of relations and disintegrator of traditional ties. Therefore, this paper aims to mobilize the analytical categories of classical sociology in order to analyze part of Balzac?s work with the intention of examine how the novelist used to see the relationship that individuals of his time established with money and what was the main effects of this relationship in that new society
Doutorado
Sociologia
Doutor em Sociologia
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Kharrouby, Amina. "La création dramatique sous le Second Empire : questions d'argent." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2141.
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Sous Napoléon III, les pièces théâtrales représentant la thématique de l’argent et de la finance remplissent les répertoires parisiens (comédies, vaudevilles, drames, opérettes, mélodrames ou parodies). Plusieurs dramaturges tels que Ponsard, Dumas fils, Augier, Labiche, Clairville, Lubize ou Sardou portent sur scène la question du gain et de l’affairisme en s’intéressant à toutes ses composantes matérielles, juridiques, morales ou sociales : héritage, mariage d’intérêt, dot, mésalliance, affaires spéculatives, jeux d’argent, cupidité et avarice, exploitation et misère. Comment justifier une telle profusion dramatique ? La situation socio-économique (essor industriel, création et développement du système ferroviaire et bancaire) ainsi que les décisions politiques prises dans le domaine culturel (décret du 6 janvier 1864 sur la libéralisation des théâtres) ont-elles une influence sur la production théâtrale à cette période ? L’obsession de l’argent dans les pièces de théâtre s’expliquerait-elle par l’importance des enjeux économiques de la scène ? Notre étude cherchera à apporter un éclairage sur l’argent du théâtre (dans l’institution théâtrale et dans la vie des spectacles à travers l’étude du rapport de l’acteur, de l’auteur et du directeur à cette question) et sur l’argent au théâtre (traitement thématique, dramatique, linguistique et scénique de cette problématique). De nouveaux prismes, comme celui de la censure impériale, seront également sollicités afin de saisir d’autres dimensions de cette question et de voir s’il existe une sévérité censoriale particulière à l’égard de cette thématique de l'argentUnder the reign of Napoleon III, theatrical plays representing the theme of money and finance fill the parisian repertoires thanks to numerous comedies, vaudevilles, dramas, operettas, melodramas and parodies. Several playwrights such as Ponsard, Dumas fils, Augier, Labiche, Clairville, Lubize or Sardou take on stage the question of gain and business by taking an interest in all its material, legal, moral or social components : inheritance, marriage of interest, dowry, misalliance, speculative affairs, gambling, greed, exploitation and misery How to justify such a dramatic profusion ? The socio-economic situation (industrial development, creation and development of the rail and banking system), as well as the political decisions taken in the cultural field (decree of January 6, 1864 on the liberalization of theaters) did they influence theatrical production at this period ?Our study will seek to shed light on the money of the theater (in the theatrical institution as well as in the life of the shows through the study of the report of the actor, the author and the director to this question) and on money in the theater (thematic, dramatic, linguistic and scenic treatment of this problem). Could the obsession with money in plays be explained by the importance of the economic of the stage ? New prisms - imperial censorship for example - will also be sought in order to grasp other dimensions of this issue and to question the existence of political opposition to these representations
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Doria, C. "FILOSOFIA, POLITICA E MORALE NEL PENSIERO DI PIERRE PAUL ROYER-COLLARD (1763-1845)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/203149.
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This work presents an analysis of the philosophical and the political thought of Pierre Paul Royer-Collard (1763-1845), a politician and intellectual who lived during the French Restoration and the July’s Monarchy.
I have traced an intellectual biography of the author, to show the influence of his different experiences as a public man (deputy, professor, State counsellor) on the construction and the development of his thought.
His philosophical and political ideas have been considered from the intellectual context of their creation, and analysed in all their parts and purposes.
His theory of perception has been accurately traced, as well as his idea of common sense, his critiques to the philosophy of the idéologues and the place of his thought in the French spiritualism.
All the elements of his political thought have been analysed: his idea of the institutions (King, government, Chambers), the electoral system, the intermediate powers, the Church, the education system, his idea of representative government, of democracy, of legitimacy, and of the relationship between politic and society. The legacy of the French Revolution and the political thought of Royer-Collard has also been considered. A comparative analysis, with the thought of Guizot and the French Doctrinaires to find the proper place of his political ideas in the context of the French Liberalism of the Doctrinaires, has also been done.
The moral inspiration of his conceptual system, which is bound between his philosophy and his political ideas, has been accurately analysed.
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KALB, Stephan L. "Competing currencies : theoretical issues and the experiences from Massachusetts and Maine,1800-1858." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4971.
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"The circulation of foreign silver coins in southern coastal provinces of China, 1790-1890." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896464.
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Gong Yibing.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-121).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter I. --- Basic Monetary Terms --- p.9
Basic Functions of Money --- p.10
China´ةs Bimetallism --- p.16
The Terminology --- p.19
Chapter Chapter II. --- The Influx of Foreign Silver Coins into China --- p.22
Chapter Chapter III. --- The Circulation of Foreign Silver Coins --- p.39
The Spread of Foreign Silver Coins in China --- p.39
Case Study I: Fujian --- p.46
Case Study II: Guangdong --- p.65
Case Study III: Jiangsu and Zhejiang --- p.82
Conclusion --- p.101
Bibliography --- p.108
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Meikle, B. "Cronyism, muddle and money: Land allocation in Tasmania under the Waste Lands Acts, 1856-1889." Thesis, 2014. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22425/1/Whole-Meikle-thesis.pdf.
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With the granting of self-government to the colonies of eastern Australia in the 1850s, each colony became responsible for its own land legislation. Each produced legislation that enabled settlement by small farmers, the selectors. In New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland this led to conflict between the selectors and those who had previously established their sheep runs on the land, the squatters, as they became known in Australia. The land legislation also enabled the development of agriculture in those colonies. Tasmania produced twenty-one Waste Lands Acts over a period of thirty-one years, and introduced a number of land schemes to attract immigrants. In spite of these attempts, the Tasmanian economy remained in depression, agricultural output declined, and immigration stagnated.
This thesis argues that the Waste Lands Acts of Tasmania were critical for the economic development of the country. Under British rule, the land legislation had created a monopoly in which the large landholders, the pastoralists, controlled the best land and the parliament. After self-government, the Waste Lands Acts determined how and where people lived and they determined the economic and political relationships between the small farmers and the monopolists.
This thesis has two major lines of enquiry. The first is centered on the land legislation, the Waste Lands Acts of Tasmania, under which land was alienated from 1858 to 1889. The second examines the way people lived under the provisions related to small farming. The main sources used include the legislation, the parliamentary papers, the parliamentary debates, and the official archives. A number of farm diaries and associated correspondence, from both the Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office (TAHO) and from private collections, have been used, as well as contemporary newspapers and journals.
The thesis has three parts. The first contains introductory material. It examines the systems of land alienation and the way people lived under these prior to self-government. It then provides an economic history for the period studied here, 1858 to 1890. The second part analyses the Waste Lands Acts, the debates that drove them, their provisions, their economic impact and the way the new settlers lived under them. The third part is a case study of an agricultural area opened for settlement under the Waste Lands Acts.
This thesis contributes to knowledge by providing an economic and social history of a period previously little studied. It found that democratization of land ownership, a major driving force behind the land legislation in the other Australian colonies, was largely absent in Tasmania. Instead, the Waste Lands Acts were driven by the ideal of improvement, which was to be achieved by settling yeoman farmers on the land. Their implementation was flawed. The financial constraints, under which the Tasmanian government operated, meant the primary purpose of the land legislation must be to raise revenue, not encourage agriculture. They fuelled a pastoral land grab. Settlement of agricultural lands and exploration of the rich mineral lands were delayed by the practice of withdrawing lands from selection on the grounds that they might be auriferous. The operation of the Waste Lands Acts was further hampered by the refusal of the Legislative Council, Tasmania’s upper house in parliament, to agree to the construction of roads and bridges in the new areas being opened up. This prolonged the economic depression. In spite of these hindrances, selectors did establish new farms, contributing to the restructuring of agriculture and helping to fuel the development of regional economies.
Books on the topic "Money – Maine – 19th Century"
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Codman, Charles. Charles Codman: The landscape of art and culture in 19th-century Maine. Portland, Me: Portland Museum of Art, Maine, 2002.
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1952-, Lovejoy Kim Brian, ed. Colonial revival Maine. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004.
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Funding the nation: Money and nationalism in 19th century Ireland. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2011.
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Clifford, Mishler, ed. Michigan obsolete bank & scrip notes of the 19th century: National bank notes 1863-1935. Iola, Wis: Krause Publications, 2006.
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Real money and romanticism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Rowlinson, Matthew Charles. Real money and romanticism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Merchants, bankers, middlemen: The Amsterdam money market during the first half of the 19th century. Amsterdam: NEHA, 1996.
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Family money: Property, race, and literature in the nineteenth century. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
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Michie, R. C. Guilty money: The city of London in Victorian and Edwardian culture, 1815-1914. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2009.
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Santos, Joseph. The origins of the seasonal cycle in 19th century US money markets and the evolution of futures contracts. Brookings, S.D: Economics Dept., South Dakota State University, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Money – Maine – 19th Century"
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Døssland, Atle. "Bedehus og ungdomshus – motpolar i bygdesamfunnet." In Tru, språk, historie. Heidersskrift til Per Halse, 119–42. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.165.ch5.
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The article deals with ideological tensions in rural communities in Western Norway. These tensions developed in earnest at the end of the 19th century and resulted in a distinct polarisation within local communities, with the Christian layman’s movement and the liberal youth groups as the two extremes. Tensions of this sort have received far too little attention in both general and church history. Using examples from local communities, and in particular from Kvinnherad municipality in Sunnhordland, the author attempts to illustrate how these tensions first arose and the ways in which they developed and changed over time, up until around 1940. The main focus here is on causes and consequences. Initially these frictions had their roots in clearly opposed ideologies. Ideology, especially on the youth groups’ side, paled gradually, but group activities continued with other purposes in mind. On the Christian side, internal divisions and rivalry, and demands for activities that brought in money, meant that their opposite pole became less important. The discord remained, however, clearly symbolised in the shape of the prayer house and the youth union hall.
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Taveau, Valentin, and Béatrice Touchelay. "Accounting and wine in Anjou (Maine et Loire) during the 19th century." In Accounting for Alcohol, 189–205. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315185477-12.
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Getzen, Thomas E. "Hammurabi to Middlemarch, 1750 bce to 1850 ce." In Money and Medicine, 10—C2.N39. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197573266.003.0002.
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Abstract The history of medicine shows how social norms, professional ethics, licensure, price regulations, hospitals, and charitable service developed over thousands of years. People needed care and were willing to pay for it even before cures were effective. Trust and financial rewards were based on personal relationships. Spending was small but persistent, with fees calibrated by individuals’ ability to pay and supplemented by donations and public taxation. Governments and wealthy patrons shared some responsibility for public health and for care of the poor, while kings provided care for soldiers and sailors in order to retain military might and political power. However, responsibility for medical treatment remained primarily an individual and family responsibility until the late 19th century.
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"Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine." In Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine, edited by Michael J. Chiarappa. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874301.ch18.
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<i>Abstract</i> .—The advent of modern fisheries research during the second half of the 19th century was striking in its historical and ethnographic orientation, a precedent set by such pioneering work as George Perkins Marsh’s <i>Man and Nature </i> and the collective labor of the U.S. Fish Commission and certain state fish commissions that followed its lead. This approach served to provide more than limited context or introductory remarks for scientific studies but, with compelling clarity, took seriously the historical and cultural experiences of fishing communities in an effort to structure wide public discourse on the pressing concerns confronting the use of fisheries resources. Hoping to employ knowledge of fisheries history and occupational culture in the service of publicly engaged, progressive policy and management, these investigations reached audiences not just through government reports, but also through popular periodicals and fisheries exhibitions. Today, the work of environmental and cultural history—in conjunction with their vital interdisciplinary links to oral history, anthropology, geography, field documentation, and museology—is revitalizing this tradition and establishing important patterns in how fisheries issues are communicated and deliberated in society. Similar to earlier periods, the implications of these contemporary initiatives are important for those stakeholders wishing to participate in the public culture that frames current fisheries life.
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Blevins, Cameron. "Money Orders and National Integration, 1864–95." In Paper Trails, 119–39. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190053673.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 traces the expansion of the postal money order system between the 1860s and 1890s, a service that allowed people to send small sums of money safely and cheaply through the mail. This chapter offers another counterpoint to assumptions about the inevitable tides of bureaucratization and national integration in the 19th-century West. First, unlike much of the US Post, the money order system was a centralized bureaucracy, managed by a career technocrat named Charles Macdonald. But Macdonald’s efficient management was predicated on limiting its spatial coverage to a relatively small number of western post offices. Second, money orders allowed westerners to conduct long-distance transactions that helped integrate them into a national consumer market. Mapping where the residents of one western town actually sent money orders during the 1890s reveals the unexpected pattern that despite an age of nationalizing forces, their remittances stayed largely within a regional orbit.
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Günther, Hans. "Save or Spend? Western and Eastern Economic Discourses in Russian Fiction of the 19th Century." In At the Crossroads of the East and the West: The Problem of Borderzone in Russian and Central European Cultures, 13–45. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/4465-3095-3.01.
Full textAbstract:
According to Max Weber, protestant ethics with its active secular asceticism had a decisive impact on the development of capitalist economics whereas the contemplative Orthodox tradition did not favor the idea of active domination of the world. The economic discourse of the Russian nineteenth century literature reflects the widely spread discussion about the future of Russia, which, compared to advanced Western capitalism, was in the position of periphery. On the one hand, authors are aware of the fact that the adoption of certain Western economic concepts is inevitable in Russia, yet on the otherhand they fear the loss of cultural identity. Gogol and Goncharov, the authors of such famous works as The Dead Souls or Oblomov, are inclined to approve certain elements of capitalist economy – they will be treated under the catchword «economize» –, whereas the idea of anti-economic «spending» of money is characteristic of Dostoevsky´s novels such as The Gambler or The Adolescent. A special position may be ascribed to Tolstoy’s economic «minimalism» which has its roots in peasant ideas of natural economy and Western authors like Proudhon or Rousseau.
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Mikhailova, Maria V., and Anastasia V. Nazarova. "Mass Media Workers in Russian Literature of the Early 20th Century." In Russian Literature and Journalism in the Pre-revolutionary Era: Forms of Interaction and Methodology of Analysis, 298–314. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0661-1-298-314.
Full textAbstract:
The study analyzes the images of journalists in the works of Russian writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the realities of their professional life and the place they occupied in pre-revolutionary society also. Although members of the press most often act as secondary characters in the prose and drama of M. Gorky, A.I. Kuprin, E.N. Chirikov and other authors, their actions have a significant impact on the development of the plot and the fate of the central characters. The “power” of the press over public consciousness is often evaluated negatively, but the journalist’s figure can be described in tragic tones in terms of how it is perceived by these writers. The journalist is shown as a person who bears all the hardships of forced labor, depends on money and bears the cost of a bohemian lifestyle.
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Fulcher, James. "1. What is capitalism?" In Capitalism: A Very Short Introduction, 1–17. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198726074.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
‘What is capitalism?’ examines the different forms that capitalism has taken, from the merchant capitalism of the 17th-century, through capitalist production in the 19th, to the financial capitalism of the present day. As the investment of money to make more money, capitalism has long existed but it was when production was financed in this way that a transformative capitalism came into being. Capitalist production depends on the exploitation of wage labour, which also crucially fuels the consumption of the goods and services produced by capitalist enterprises. Production and consumption are linked by the markets that come to mediate all economic activities in a capitalist society.
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Krylov, Vyacheslav N. "Leo Tolstoy and the Literary Life in the Early 20th Century in the Mirror of the Press." In Russian Literature and Journalism in the Pre-revolutionary Era: Forms of Interaction and Methodology of Analysis, 315–30. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0661-1-315-330.
Full textAbstract:
The study analyzes the images of journalists in the works of Russian writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the realities of their professional life and the place they occupied in pre-revolutionary society also. Although members of the press most often act as secondary characters in the prose and drama of M. Gorky, A.I. Kuprin, E.N. Chirikov and other authors, their actions have a significant impact on the development of the plot and the fate of the central characters. The “power” of the press over public consciousness is often evaluated negatively, but the journalist’s figure can be described in tragic tones in terms of how it is perceived by these writers. The journalist is shown as a person who bears all the hardships of forced labor, depends on money and bears the cost of a bohemian lifestyle.
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Podosokorsky, Nikolay N. "The Legend of Rothschild as the “Napoleon of Finance” in Dostoevsky’s Works." In Dostoevsky’s Novel The Adolescent: Current State of Research, 257–74. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0677-2-257-274.
Full textAbstract:
The paper analyses the legend of the mighty financial dynasty of Rothschilds who exerted great influence on business life, politics, and culture in 19th-century Europe. Dostoevsky considered the motif of the power of money and Mammon’s greatness as one of the severest problems of his time, “a cruel time, a time of business and money, a calculating time, full of tables, numbers, and zeros of all kinds and types”. From his earliest works, Dostoevsky relates the Napoleonic idea with the idea of monetary enrichment (“Mr. Prokharchin”, “Uncle’s dream”, Crime and Punishment, and others). However, in his early works, the names of Rothschild and Napoleon evolved in parallel, and finally merged only in his novels The Idiot and The Adolescent.
Conference papers on the topic "Money – Maine – 19th Century"
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Zunno, Antonio. "La fortezza e il suo giardino: uno sguardo dal mare." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11368.
Full textAbstract:
The fortress and its garden: a view from the seaThe Fortress was built from 1554, on the ruins of an ancient convent, at the behest of Philip of Austria, and it was completed in about 55 years under the direction of Giulio Cesare Falco, knight of the Order of Malta and Captain General against the Turks. The maine structure, called Forte a Mare, was joined with the Opera a Corno, a mighty rampart with the function of enclosure of the intermediate island, separated from the other island in 1598 by the construction of the Angevin canal: here were arranged the lodgings of the troops and garrisons. Castello and Forte, were named by the Spaniards Isla Fortalera que abre el Puerto Grande, because of its particular position to protect the port. The complex was entrusted to the Germans in 1715, then conquered by the French Revolutionaries and, in 1815, re-annexed to the Kingdom of Naples and destined to lazaretto. A period of decline follows until the end of the 19th century when Brindisi became a first class naval base and the fort became a garrison of the Royal Navy, destined, during the Great War, to recover torpedoes and detonators The recovery of the complex, starting in the 1980s, allowed the conservation of the structures but was never included in a real valorisation program. With this intervention in progress, a first visit is expected through the visit from the walkways through a circular route from the Castle to the whole Opera in Corno: the itinerary will allow you to retrace the history of the Fortress and enjoy a unique view from the high towards the sea, also through the passage in a curtain of Mediterranean scrub that has colonized the walls over the centuries, creating a veritable hanging garden on the sea. The aim is to lead the visitor to the rediscovery a forgotten place that is closely connected to the coastal landscape, for which it is a privileged point of view also in relation to the city and the port.