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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Momentum-energy'

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Published: 30 May 2022
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1

Ramstrom, William D. (William Douglas). "Tropical cyclone momentum and energy fluxes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59095.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-84).
Many modeling studies of tropical cyclones use the bulk aerodynamic formulae to determine angular momentum and enthalpy fluxes at the sea surface. These results show that the intensification of a hurricane is very sensitive to the values of the coefficients defined in these formulae (Emanuel, 1995). Using these formulae allows the model to make bulk estimates of these fluxes as a function of wind speed, without having to consider the full complexity of the physics of the air-sea interface. Generally, a complete treatment of fluxes would require modeling a number of small-scale physical processes, e.g. wave field response to the duration and fetch of the wind, sea spray processes, and convective stability of the boundary layer. The coefficients to these equations, Cd and Ck, have been empirically determined in previous studies, either by direct measurements on platforms and ships (Large and Pond, 1981), or by budget analyses from airborne data. However, these studies do not provide results for the high winds speeds encountered in strong hurricanes. Previous work has suggested that the coefficients do not remain constant, but rather are a function of wind speed. Producing values for these coefficients at high wind speeds will improve the accuracy of the numerical models. Recent advances in dropsonde technology (Hock and Franklin, 1999) provide improved range and accuracy from earlier methods, with reliable measurements of wind and thermodynamic variables down to within 10m of the surface. Three cases of strong hurricanes have been selected for this study, allowing analysis of these coefficients for conditions with up to 65 ms- 1 surface winds. The values of the drag coefficient, Cd, are demonstrated to reach a maximum value at about hurricane force, then maintain that value with higher wind speeds. The values of Ck, the heat flux coefficient, do not show variation with wind speed. These coefficients are calculated both at the standard 10m, so that they may be compared with existing literature, and at the top of the boundary layer, so that models which do not explicitly resolve the physics of the boundary layer may nonetheless make use of this data. The budget calculations in this study have shown that the 10m drag coefficient has a value of 0.0026 to 0.0030 for wind speeds in the 40-60 ms- 1 range. Eddy fluxes of total energy and entropy are also shown to be significant. With this effect added, budget calculations have shown that the 10m enthalpy transfer coefficient ranges from 0.0029 to 0.0036 under these conditions for Floyd and Georges. Thus, the ratio of Ck/Cd is slightly larger than 1.0. At the gradient wind level, Cd is 0.0019 ± 0.0010 and Ck is approximately 0.0018.
by William Douglas Ramstrom.
S.M.
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2

Xu, Mingtian, and 許明田. "Multiscale transport of mass, momentum and energy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124497X.

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3

Murphy, D. J. "Measurements of energy and momentum in the mesosphere /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm9772.pdf.

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4

Butcher, Luke Matthew. "The localisation of gravitational energy, momentum, and spin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610521.

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5

Capponi, Francesco. "Renormalized energy momentum tensor from the Gradient Flow." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8598.

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Strongly coupled systems are elusive and not suitable to be described by conventional perturbative approaches. However, they are ubiquitous in nature, especially in particle physics. The lattice formulation of quantum field theories provided a unique framework in which the physical content of these systems could be precisely determined. Combined with numerical techniques, the lattice formalism allowed to precisely determined physical quantities describing the thermodynamics, as well as the spectroscopy of strongly interacting theories. In this work, the lattice formulation has been employed to probe the effectiveness of a recently proposed method, which aims at determining the renormalized energy-momentum tensor in non perturbative regimes. The latter plays a fundamental role to quantitatively describe the thermodynamics and fluid-dynamics of hot, dense systems, or to characterize theories that enlarge the actual standard model. In all these aspects, only a non perturbative approach provides physically reliable results: hence a non perturbative determination of the energy momentum tensor is fundamental. The new method consists in defining suitable lattice Ward identities probed by observables built with the gradient flow. The new set of identities exhibits many interesting qualities, arising from the UV finiteness of such probes, and allows to define a numerical strategy for estimating the renormalization constants of the lattice energy-momentum tensor. In this work the method has been tested within two different quantum theories, with the purpose of understanding its effectiveness and reliability.
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6

Durach, Maxim. "Giant Plasmonic Energy and Momentum Transfer on the Nanoscale." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/42.

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We have developed a general theory of the plasmonic enhancement of many-body phenomena resulting in a closed expression for the surface plasmon-dressed Coulomb interaction. It is shown that this interaction has a resonant nature. We have also demonstrated that renormalized interaction is a long-ranged interaction whose intensity is considerably increased compared to bare Coulomb interaction over the entire region near the plasmonic nanostructure. We illustrate this theory by re-deriving the mirror charge potential near a metal sphere as well as the quasistatic potential behind the so-called perfect lens at the surface plasmon (SP) frequency. The dressed interaction for an important example of a metal–dielectric nanoshell is also explicitly calculated and analyzed. The renormalization and plasmonic enhancement of the Coulomb interaction is a universal effect, which affects a wide range of many-body phenomena in the vicinity of metal nanostructures: chemical reactions, scattering between charge carriers, exciton formation, Auger recombination, carrier multiplication, etc. We have described the nanoplasmonic-enhanced Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dots near a metal nanoshell. It is shown that this process is very efficient near high-aspect-ratio nanoshells. We have also obtained a general expression for the force exerted by an electromagnetic field on an extended polarizable object. This expression is applicable to a wide range of situations important for nanotechnology. Most importantly, this result is of fundamental importance for processes involving interaction of nanoplasmonic fields with metal electrons. Using the obtained expression for the force, we have described a giant surface-plasmoninduced drag-effect rectification (SPIDER), which exists under conditions of the extreme nanoplasmonic confinement. Under realistic conditions in nanowires, this giant SPIDER generates rectified THz potential differences up to 10 V and extremely strong electric fields up to 10^5-10^6 V/cm. It can serve as a powerful nanoscale source of THz radiation. The giant SPIDER opens up a new field of ultraintense THz nanooptics with wide potential applications in nanotechnology and nanoscience, including microelectronics, nanoplasmonics, and biomedicine. Additionally, the SPIDER is an ultrafast effect whose bandwidth for nanometric wires is 20 THz, which allows for detection of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale.
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7

Hill, D. C. "Energy and momentum transfer between acoustic and hydrodynamic fields." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233256.

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A prominent feature of many practical flows is the hydrodynamic wave system attached to moving bodies or concentrations of vorticity. Sound waves are usually present, and these act as a mechanism for energy and momentum transport. With their source rooted in the unsteadiness of the flow, they can sometimes play an important role in determining the general flow structure, particularly if the flow is unstable. In this thesis we investigate the basic connection between sound, and hydrodynamic waves. By analysing the waves attached to boundaries which are in prescribed unsteady motion, details emerge concerning the linear production of sound from hydrodynamic motions. We show that the abrupt arrest or commencement of a steady hydrodynamic wave causes the production of a quantity of sound energy exactly equalling that of the hydrodynamic wave. For more gentle modulations of the steady state, we identify those aspects of the evolving hydrodynamic field which determine how much sound is produced. These results are used to suggest ways to improve procedures for minimising the noise from vibrating surfaces. According to linear theory, when waves on an infinite fluid boundary travel at sonic speed the fluid response is infinite. We use the ideas developed to cope with the sound generation problem to investigate the effects of unsteady transonic motion. We give a detailed analysis of acoustic 'Cerenkov radiation', which would occur if a body travelled through an inviscid medium supersonically, and decelerated to a subsonic speed. We assess the degree to which non-linear transonic effects are important. Sound waves are known to be a critical factor leading to the destabilisation of line vortices, and we were intrigued to know whether compressibility has a corresponding effect on the stability of a rigid body moving steadily in an irrotational, inviscid flow. Our investigation reveals that the motion is always stable.
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8

Wachsmuth, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy of graphene / Philipp Wachsmuth." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054045453/34.

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9

Krssak, Martin [Verfasser]. "Energy momentum tensor correlators in Improved Holographic QCD / Martin Krssak." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041322194/34.

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10

Massacand, Christophe Maurice Jean-Baptiste. "Particle production by tidal forces and the energy-momentum tensor /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10359.

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11

Hall, Bryan, University of Western Sydney, and of Science Technology and Environment College. "Energy and momentum conservation in Bohm's Model for quantum mechanics." THESIS_CSTE_XXX_Hall_B.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/717.

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Bohm's model for quantum mechanics is examined and a well-known drawback of the model is considered, namely the fact that the model does not conserve energy and momentum.It is shown that the Lagrangian formalism and the use of energy-momentum tensors provide a way of addressing this non-conservation aspect once the model is considered from the point of view of an interacting particle-field system. The full mathematical formulation that is then presented demonstrates that conservation can be reintroduced without disrupting the present agreement of Bohm's model with experiment.
Doctor of Philosphy (PhD)
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12

Hall, Bryan. "Energy and momentum conservation in Bohm's Model for quantum mechanics." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040507.155043/index.html.

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13

Ehret, Susanne. "Energy-momentum tensor from Wilson flow in lattice φ4-theory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28830.

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The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) is the Noether current associated with translations. It is of interest because, first of all, it has physical meaning as it contains the energy density and the momentum density. Moreover, its trace can be related to the beta function so that the scaling behaviour of the theory at hand can be studied. We are particularly interested in the scaling behaviour of strongly coupled theories. To explore the strong coupling regime it is necessary to compute the EMT non-perturbatively, i.e. on the lattice. This complicates matters greatly. On the lattice translation invariance is broken which leads to additional terms in the translation Ward identity from which the EMT is derived. This results in turn in the need to renormalise the EMT on the lattice. In this thesis we extend recent studies on the renormalisation of the EMT in four-dimensional gauge theory to the case of a three-dimensional scalar theory to investigate its divergence structure and the numerical feasibility of the suggested procedure on a more basic level. Furthermore, scalar φ4-theory in three dimensions exhibits an infrared fixed point and can thus serve as a toy model to examine mechanisms for building theories beyond the standard model. Our strategy to renormalise the EMT on the lattice is to identify all possible terms that can mix with both sides of the translation Ward identity. The renormalised EMT is a combination of operators of the same or lower dimension obeying the symmetries of the theory. The mixing is determined by requiring that the renormalised EMT satisfies the correct Ward identities. Using different probes in the translation Ward identity one can compute the coefficients of the EMT by solving a linear system of equations. However, contact terms can arise. One solution is the recently introduced Wilson flow. Its renormalisation properties allow for expectation values free of contact terms. That way the Wilson flow provides for a meaningful theoretical formulation of the EMT on the lattice that can be used in practice. In this thesis we review the renormalisation properties and the phase diagram of scalar φ4-theory in three dimensions, the translation Ward identity and the EMT in the continuum, as well as the gradient flow for scalar theory. A large part is dedicated to the perturbative renormalisation of the EMT on the lattice. Finally, our strategy to compute the renormalisation constants of the EMT in scalar theory non-perturbatively is discussed in detail, and our results for the renormalisation constants are presented.
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14

Yamamoto, Arata. "Lattice QCD Anatomy via the Energy-Momentum Component of Gluons." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142379.

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15

Olvegård, Maja. "Emittance and Energy Diagnostics for Electron Beams with Large Momentum Spread." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198080.

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Following the discovery of the Higgs-like boson at the Large Hadron Collider, there is demand for precision measurements on recent findings. The Compact Linear Collider, CLIC, is a candidate for a future linear electron-positron collider for such precision measurements. In CLIC, the beams will be brought to collisions in the multi-TeV regime through high gradient acceleration with high frequency RF power. A high intensity electron beam, the so-called drive beam, will serve as the power source for the main beam, as the drive beam is decelerated in special structures, from which power is extracted and transfered to the main beam. When the drive beam is decelerated the beam quality deteriorates and the momentum spread increases, which makes the beam transport challenging. Dedicated diagnostics to monitor the momentum profile along each bunch train and transverse profile diagnostics will be needed to guarantee the reliability of the decelerator and consequently the power source of the main beam acceleration. A test facility, CTF3, has been constructed at CERN to validate key technical aspects of the CLIC concept. The beam quality in the decelerator will be investigated in the test beam line, TBL, where several power extraction structures reduce the drive beam energy by up to 55%. At the same time, the single-bunch rms energy spread grows from the initial value of 1% to almost 6%. To monitor the parameters of such a beam is challenging but crucial for the optimization of the beamline. In this thesis we report on progress made on adapting generally used methods for beam profile measurements to the demanding conditions of a wide momentum profile. Two detector technologies are used for measuring transverse profile and momentum profile and we discuss the performance of these instruments, in the view of the large momentum spread and with the outlook towards equivalent beam profile monitors in the CLIC decelerator.
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16

Romoli, Federica. "On the momentum and energy exchanges in wind-wave interfacial flow." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18148/.

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Nowadays, there is a particular interest in the problem of understanding the interaction phenomena between atmospheric wind and ocean waves. This is due to the fact that a better knowledge of these interactions might enhance our estimates of the momentum and energy exchanges at the air-sea interface. A full understanding of this mechanism might improve actual models for wave and atmosphere prediction, climate forecast and loads estimation on marine structures such as ships and offshore platforms. In this study different numerical simulations have been taken into account. In order to have a first insight of the momentum and heat transfers across the air, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of a fully developed turbulent open channel with passive heat transfer is performed. Then momentum and passive heat transfers across sheared wind-driven gas–liquid interface have been investigated by means of DNSs of two-phase flows. The detailed analysis of the mean profiles, the kinetic and temperature budget equations and the two-points statistics allows to understand how the dynamic of a turbulent boundary layer is affected by ocean waves. At the mean time, it is possible to study how the structure of the ocean waves are influenced by the state of the turbulent boundary layer creating them.
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17

Negm, Dorry A. "The physical structure of the energy-momentum tensor in general relativity." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328743.

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18

Micklewright, Benjamin. "Gravitational radiation and photon rockets." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245960.

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19

Abou-Ziyan, H. Z. Z. "Heat and momentum transfer in porous material used for thermal energy storage." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233826.

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20

Schäfer, Marco [Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Gies, Noah [Akademischer Betreuer] Graham, and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Schubert. "Energy-Momentum tensors and energy conditions with wordline Numerics / Marco Schäfer. Gutachter: Holger Gies ; Noah Graham ; Christian Schubert." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041255608/34.

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21

Latimer, Darin Rae. "Determination of charge, atom, momentum and energy transfer rate coefficients near 5 K." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186873.

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This dissertation presents the results of several investigations into nonadiabatic reaction dynamics in the 0.5 to 10 K temperature regime. The free jet flow reactor technique for production of very low local temperatures and the method for extraction of reaction rate coefficients in this unique environment is reviewed. Ion-neutral reactions which exhibit nonadiabatic behavior are initiated by state selective resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization and the reactions are subsequently studied using time of flight mass spectrometric detection. The importance of long lived collision complexes in nonadiabatic ion-neutral reactions is reemphasized. Collisional electronic spin orbit relaxation of Xe⁺(²P(½) is shown to be very inefficient for a wide variety of collision partners. A sequential two electron charge transfer mechanism is proposed to account for the high efficiency of the fine structure relaxation by methane and nitrous oxide both of which have open charge transfer channels. The results of fine structure state specific reactions of Ar⁺(²P(J)) with H₂, D₂, HD, CH₄ and CD₄ are presented as examples of nonadiabatic atom and electron transfer reactions. Preliminary results on vibrational-rotational relaxation of neutrals in the free jet at very low temperatures using a pump-probe technique are presented.
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22

Eustatiu, Iulia Gabriela. "Inner-shell electron energy loss spectroscopy and generalized oscillator strengths at high momentum transfer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ66264.pdf.

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23

McLaughlin, John Gerard. "Renormalisation of the energy-momentum stress tensor for quantum fields on a curved background." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276530.

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24

Robinson, D. "A study of high transverse momentum electrons produced in high energy proton-antiproton collisions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47230.

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25

Siddappaji, Kiran. "On the Entropy Rise in General Unducted Rotors using Momentum, Vorticity and Energy Transport." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535464679934565.

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26

Mansuripur, Masud. "Light-matter interaction: conversion of optical energy and momentum to mechanical vibrations and phonons." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622541.

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Reflection, refraction, and absorption of light by material media are, in general, accompanied by a transfer of optical energy and momentum to the media. Consequently, the eigen-modes of mechanical vibration (phonons) created in the process must distribute the acquired energy and momentum throughout the material medium. However, unlike photons, phonons do not carry momentum. What happens to the material medium in its interactions with light, therefore, requires careful consideration if the conservation laws are to be upheld. The present paper addresses some of the mechanisms by which the electromagnetic momentum of light is carried away by mechanical vibrations.
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27

Ernst, Darin R. (Darin Richard) 1965. "Momentum transport, radial electric field, and ion thermal energy confinement in very high temperature plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50337.

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28

at, rseiring@ap univie ac. "On the Ordering of Energy Levels in Homogeneous Magnetic Fields." Lett. Math. Phys. 54 (2000) 213-226, 2000. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi959.ps.

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29

El, Moueddeb Khaled. "Principles of energy and momentum conservation to analyze and model air flow for perforated ventilation ducts." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42024.

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A theoretical model was developed to predict the air distribution pattern and thus to design perforated ventilation ducts equipped with a fan. The analysis of the air distribution pattern of such systems requires accurate measurement procedures. Several experimental methods were tested and compared. Accordingly, the piezometric flush taps and thermo-anemometer were selected to measure respectively the duct air pressure and the outlet air flow.
Based on the equations of energy and momentum conservation, a model was formulated to predict the air flow performance of perforated ventilation ducts and to evaluate the outlet discharge angle and the duct regain coefficients without evaluating frictional losses. The basic assumptions of the model were validated by experimentally proving the equivalence of the friction losses expressed in the 2 cited equations. When compared to experimental results measured from four wooden perforated ventilation ducts with aperture ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, the model predicted the outlet air flow along the full length of perforated duct operated under turbulent flow conditions with a maximum error of 9%. The regain coefficient and the energy correction factor were equal to one, and the value of the discharge coefficient remained constant at 0.65, along the full length of the perforated duct. The outlet air jet discharge angle varied along the entire duct length, and was not influenced by friction losses for turbulent flow.
Assuming a common effective outlet area, the model was extended to match the performance of the fan and the perforated duct and to determine their balance operating point.
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El, Moueddeb Khaled. "Principles of energy and momentum conservation to analyze and model air flow for perforated ventilation ducts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ29929.pdf.

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31

Fan, Yalin. "Effects of surface waves on air-sea momentum and energy fluxes and ocean response to hurricanes /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3276981.

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32

Pollitt, Andrew Joseph. "Measurements of total gamma-ray energy and multiplicity from the fission of 252Cf using STEFF." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measurements-of-total-gammaray-energy-and-multiplicity-from-the-fission-of-252cf-using-steff(42cdb35c-dc13-4453-a104-96a073b28afe).html.

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33

Chhang, Sophy. "Energy-momentum conserving time-stepping algorithms for nonlinear dynamics of planar and spatial euler-bernoulli/timoshenko beams." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0027/document.

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Dans la première partie de la thèse, les schémas d’intégration conservatifs sont appliqués aux poutres co-rotationnelles 2D. Les cinématiques d'Euler-Bernoulli et de Timoshenko sont abordées. Ces formulations produisent des expressions de l'énergie interne et l'énergie cinétique complexe et fortement non-linéaires. L’idée centrale de l’algorithme consiste à définir, par intégration, le champ des déformations en fin de pas à partir du champ de vitesses de déformations et non à partir du champ des déplacements au travers de la relation déplacement-déformation. La même technique est appliquée aux termes d’inerties. Ensuite, une poutre co-rotationnelle plane avec rotules généralisées élasto-(visco)-plastiques aux extrémités est développée et comparée au modèle fibre avec le même comportement pour des problèmes d'impact. Des exemples numériques montrent que les effets de la vitesse de déformation influencent sensiblement la réponse de la structure. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, une théorie de poutre spatiale d’Euler-Bernoulli géométriquement exacte est développée. Le principal défi dans la construction d’une telle théorie réside dans le fait qu’il n’existe aucun moyen naturel de définir un trièdre orthonormé dans la configuration déformée. Une nouvelle méthodologie permettant de définir ce trièdre et par conséquent de développer une théorie de poutre spatiale en incorporant l'hypothèse d'Euler- Bernoulli est fournie. Cette approche utilise le processus d'orthogonalisation de Gram-Schmidt couplé avec un paramètre rotation qui complète la description cinématique et décrit la rotation associée à la torsion. Ce processus permet de surmonter le caractère non-unique de la procédure de Gram-Schmidt. La formulation est étendue au cas dynamique et un schéma intégration temporelle conservant l'énergie est également développé. De nombreux exemples démontrent l’efficacité de cette formulation
In the first part of the thesis, energymomentum conserving algorithms are designed for planar co-rotational beams. Both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko kinematics are addressed. These formulations provide us with highly complex nonlinear expressions for the internal energy as well as for the kinetic energy which involve second derivatives of the displacement field. The main idea of the algorithm is to circumvent the complexities of the geometric non-linearities by resorting to strain velocities to provide, by means of integration, the expressions for the strain measures themselves. Similarly, the same strategy is applied to the highly nonlinear inertia terms. Next, 2D elasto-(visco)-plastic fiber co-rotational beams element and a planar co-rotational beam with generalized elasto-(visco)-plastic hinges at beam ends have been developed and compared against each other for impact problems. In the second part of this thesis, a geometrically exact 3D Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is developed.The main challenge in defining a three-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli beam theory lies in the fact that there is no natural way of defining a base system at the deformed configuration. A novel methodology to do so leading to the development of a spatial rod formulation which incorporates the Euler-Bernoulli assumption is provided. The approach makes use of Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process coupled to a one-parametric rotation to complete the description of the torsional cross sectional rotation and overcomes the non-uniqueness of the Gram-Schmidt procedure. Furthermore, the formulation is extended to the dynamical case and a stable, energy conserving time-stepping algorithm is developed as well. Many examples confirm the power of the formulation and the integration method presented
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34

David, Regis Agenor. "A Generalized Two-Dimensional Model to Reconstruct the Impact Phase in Automobile Collisions." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2112.pdf.

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35

Santos, Pedro José da Costa Teixeira. "Vorticity, kinetic energy and momentum analysis of the collision zone between a plane wall jet and a crossflow." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2049.

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When a Short/Vertical Take-off and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft is lifting off or landing with zero or small forward momentum, a complex flow can be found under of aircraft. The lifting jets impinging on the ground giving rise to wall jets that interact between them forming an upwash or that can collide with any crosswind due to the presence of wind or due to the movement of aircraft. These type of flows have profound influences in aircraft performance, such as: lift losses; enhanced entrainment close to the ground (suckdown); engine thrust losses and re-ingestion of the exhaust gases; and, also, possible aerodynamic instabilities caused by the fountain impingement on aircraft underside. The impingements of a lift jet on the ground origins a wall jet that flows radially from the impinging point and along the ground surface. When this wall jet meets a freestream flowing parallel to the wall in the opposite sense, the crossflow, there is the formation of a highly curved flow far upstream of the impinging jet from the perspective of the crossflow. This highly curved flow is named by ground vortex, and has profound influences on the flow development. Measurements of these types of flows are very scarce in the literature, and are reported as a secondary flow within the impinging jet flow problem, and are, also, dispersed among many different configurations and operating conditions. The present work is included in a research program dedicated to the identification of the parameters and regimes associated with instabilities, and other secondary effects of this ground vortex flow. It is presented a detailed analysis of a ground vortex resulting from the collision between a wall jet and a boundary layer, and follows the previous study of Barata et al. (2005), which detected a small recirculation zone located upstream the separation point and not yet reported. To avoid the influence of the impinging region, created by the lift jet, a plane turbulent wall jet is produced independently using a configurations inspired in a previous study about bi-dimensional upwash flows. The wall jet collides with the boundary layer produced by a conventional wind tunnel creating the ground vortex. The experimental facility used in this work permits to study different velocity ratios between the boundary layer and the wall jet. Laser Doppler measurements are presented for a velocity ratio between boundary layer and wall jet of 0.5, and include mean and turbulent velocity characteristics along the two normal directions in the plane of symmetry of the flow. Vorticity, turbulent kinetic energy balances and momentum balances were determined to understand the complex flow in the collision zone near the ground wall, which is characterized by the turbulent structures that change their size and shape with time. The results revealed that the modeling of turbulence of this flow may require an adequate treatment of production of turbulent kinetic energy by normal stresses, which are predominant in the collision zone. This work aims to improve the understanding of the essential dynamics of ground vortex flows with application to the V/STOL aircrafts.
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Schlusser, Niels [Verfasser], Guy D. [Akademischer Betreuer] Moore, and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun. "Transverse momentum broadening of high-energy partons from 3D lattice EQCD simulations / Niels Schlusser ; Guy D. Moore, Jens Braun." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216243638/34.

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37

Cougoulic, Florian. "Nuclear effects in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions : transverse momentum broadening of energetic parton systems and soft anomalous dimension matrices." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0086/document.

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Dans le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules, la théorie de l’interaction forte, la chromodynamique quantique (QCD), est une théorie de jauge de groupe de symétrie SU (Nc) par rapport au nombre quantique de couleur. QCD obéit à la propriété de liberté asymptotique, permettant le calcul d’observables physiques à haute énergie en utilisant la QCD perturbative (pQCD). Cette thèse traite de la description en pQCD des taux de production de hadrons dans les collisions hadroniques à haute énergie, en vue d’applications à la phénoménologie des collisions proton-noyau et noyau-noyau dans les collisionneurs de hadrons (RHIC, LHC), où des effets nucléaires (shadowing, perte d’énergie partonique, élargissement de l’impulsion transverse) entrent en jeu. Dans une première partie, j’étudie l’élargissement de l’impulsion transverse d’un système de partons énergétiques traversant un noyau, en mettant l’accent sur la structure de couleur du processus. Un cadre théorique basé sur le formalisme des dipôles est utilisé, et une équation cinétique est dérivée pour la distribution en impulsion transverse de la paire de partons, en demandant que cette paire soit dans un état de couleur donné (représentation irréductible de SU (Nc)) à la fois dans l’état initial et dans l’état final. La structure de couleur est codée dans un opérateur d’évolution de couleur, qui est obtenu pour tout type de paire de partons. Pour une paire compacte de petite taille, la dérivation donne une interprétation physique claire du processus d’élargissement de l’impulsion transverse. Dans une deuxième partie, je discute la matrice de dimension anormale Q, qui est formellement analogue à l’opérateur d’évolution précédent, et qui apparaît lors de l’ étude du rayonnement de gluons mous associé à une diffusion partonique dure 2 −> 2. Il a été remarqué que la matrice Q associée à gg −> gg a une symétrie surprenante (reliant les degrés de liberté externe et interne). J’ai développé des outils pour dériver les matrices Q associées à des diffusions 2 −> 2 impliquant des partons généralisés, afin d’explorer si la symétrie observée pour gg −> gg est fortuite ou non
In the Standard Model of particle physics,the theory of the strong interaction, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is a gauge theory of symmetry group SU (Nc) with respect to the color quantum number. QCD obeys the property of asymptotic freedom, allowing the computation of high-energy physical observables using perturbative QCD (pQCD). This thesis deals with the pQCD description of hadron production rates in high-energy hadronic collisions, in view of applications to the phenomenology of proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at hadron colliders (RHIC,LHC), where so-called nuclear effects (shadowing, parton energy loss, transverse momentum broadening) come into play. In a first part, I study the transverse broadening of an energetic parton system crossing a nucleus, putting emphasis on the color structure of the process. A theoretical setup based on the dipole formalism is used,and a kinetic equation is derived for the parton pair transverse momentum distribution, requiring the parton pair to be in a given color state (SU (Nc) irreducible representation) both in the initial and final state. The color structure is encoded in a color evolution operator, which is obtained for any type of parton pair. For a small-size compact pair, the derivation yields a transparent physical interpretation of the pair transverse broadening process. In a second part, I discuss the soft anomalous dimension matrix Q, which is formally analogous to the previous evolution operator, and which appears when studying soft gluon radiation associated to 2 −> 2 hard parton scattering. It has been noticed that the Q-matrix associated to gg −> gg has a surprising symmetry (relating external and internal degrees of freedom). I developed tools to derive the Q-matrices associated to2 −> 2 scatterings involving generalized partons, in order to explore if the symmetry observed for gg −> gg is fortuitous or not
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38

Vogel, Christopher Reiner. "Theoretical limits to tidal stream energy extraction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68486b23-d773-44ad-a353-7efc855dc8ff.

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Tidal stream energy has gained attention as a source of predictable and renewable energy. Devices resembling underwater wind turbines, placed in fast tidal streams, have been proposed to extract this energy. Arrays of many such devices will need to be deployed to deliver a significant amount of energy to the electricity grid. One consequence of energy extraction is that the array provides a resistance to the tidal stream, which may change the local and far field hydrodynamics, which in turn affects the power available to the array. Array-scale hydrodynamic changes affect the flow presented to the devices, which in turn affects the total resistance the array provides to the flow. This thesis is concerned with the interactions between device, array, and the tidal stream resource, to better understand the power potential of turbine arrays. Linear momentum actuator disc theory is employed to describe the operation of an idealised turbine array partially spanning a wide channel. The model is comprised of two quasi-independent sub-models, an array-scale model, describing flow phenomena around the array, which provides the upstream boundary condition to the device-scale model, describing the flow around a device. The thrust applied by the array is the sum of the thrust applied by the devices, completing the sub-model coupling. The numerical simulation of arrays in depth-averaged simulations is then investigated using the two-scale concept developed in the analytic partial-array model. It is shown that the device-scale flow must be modelled with a sub-grid scale model in order to correctly describe the unresolved device-scale flow and hence estimate the power available to an idealised array. Turbulence modelling in depth-averaged simulations of turbine arrays is also discussed. Temporal variations in tidal amplitude and strength mean that generator capacity will need to be economically matched to the available resource. As device performance may consequently depart from the relationship derived in idealised models when power capping is employed, blade element momentum theory is modified to parameterise tidal turbine performance during power capping. The array-scale effect of power capping is studied in depth-averaged simulations, in which it is shown that a significant reduction in device thrust may occur during power capping, reducing the impact of energy extraction from the tidal stream.
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39

Abdellatif, Ahmad Fouad Abdalwahab [Verfasser]. "On metric-affine gravitational theories with a Lagrangian quadratic in the curvature and the energy-momentum problem / Ahmad Fouad Abdalwahab Abdellatif." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019426683/34.

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40

MacMillan, Kenneth. "The use of bridging analogies in encouraging conceptual change in the teaching and learning of momentum and kinetic energy in Physics." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13716.

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41

Elmufti, Mohammed. "Perturbations of dark energy models." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3386.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
The growth of structure in the Universe proceeds via the collapse of dark matter and baryons. This process is retarded by dark energy which drives an accelerated expansion of the late Universe. In this thesis we use cosmological perturbation theory to investigate structure formation for a particular class of dark energy models, i.e. interacting dark energy models. In these models there is a non-gravitational interaction between dark energy and dark matter, which alters the standard evolution (with non-interacting dark energy) of the Universe. We consider a simple form of the interaction where the energy exchange in the background is proportional to the dark energy density. We analyse the background dynamics to uncover the e ect of the interaction. Then we develop the perturbation equations that govern the evolution of density perturbations, peculiar velocities and the gravitational potential. We carefully account for the complex nature of the perturbed interaction, in particular for the momentum transfer in the dark sector. This leads to two di erent types of model, where the momentum exchange vanishes either in the dark matter rest-frame or the dark energy rest-frame. The evolution equations for the perturbations are solved numerically, to show how structure formation is altered by the interaction.
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42

Santos, Lucas Ruiz dos. "Conservação de momento angular em sistemas mecânicos dissipativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45132/tde-22052012-154158/.

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Objetiva-se discutir e explorar as consequências da conservação do momento angular em situações físicas que apresentem dissipação de energia. Frequentemente, sistemas mecânicos dissipativos são omitidos nas formulações matemáticas da mecânica clássica. No entanto, a conservação da energia mecânica é uma idealização drasticamente incompatível, a longos períodos de tempo, com a maioria das situações reais. Apesar de parecer controversa, esta abordagem é compreensível desde que é incluída na dissipação toda a complexidade dos sistemas mecânicos, os quais não podemos modelar completamente. Espera-se assim que os resultados obtidos sejam parcialmente comprovados em experimentos, sendo que a discrepância é atribuída à parte desconhecida do fenômeno, que muitas vezes é considerada irrelevante para fins práticos. Devido à mencionada complexidade de fenômenos dissipativos, a postura adotada nesta dissertação foi analisar específicos exemplos, de natureza distinta, simplificados, que apresentem as duas propriedades em questão. Concentrou-se especialmente no problema de dissipação de energia em corpos deformáveis na ausência de estímulos externos.
The goal of this work is to study physical systems where angular momentum is a conserved quantity while energy is dissipated. It is a common practice among people working on classical mechanics to neglect energy dissipation. While this hypothesis leads to beautiful mathematical theories, it is strongly violated by the majority of real world systems. The physical complexity of the many ways in which energy is dissipated turns the mathematical modelling of dissipative forces troublesome. There is essentially no general mathematical model for dissipative forces in good agreement with a wide range of experiments. This is in contrast to the very few accepted conservative force models: gravity, elasticity and magneto-electricity. The dissipative force model usually varies among the various physical situations. So, in this work several systems where energy is dissipated while angular momentum is conserved will be considered. The main example will be the motion of a deformable body free from external forces and torques.
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43

Dubnický, Ladislav. "Aerodynamika axiálních větrných turbín." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400425.

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Nowadays, the climate change issue is becoming more and more actual in our society. Increase of the average temperature on Earth in a couple of degrees could have catastrophic consequences. One of the possible solutions seems to be renewable energy sources as photovoltaics, biomass of water and wind energy. This thesis deals with the aerodynamics problems of wind energy source. Wind turbines transform kinetic energy of wind to mechanical power. The efficiency is physically limited to 59,26 %, but in reality, it is getting around 45 %. This is caused by three biggest losses inducted in wind turbines as wake losses, losses due to finite number of blades and drag losses. Based on analytical relationships and including these three losses the aerodynamics blade design is conducted. Later, the numerical simulations show higher values of drag and lower values of lift force on airfoil compared to analytical calculation. In fact, percentage deviations are acceptable and to conclude, the numerical analysis was able to relatively accurately simulate force action of free stream velocity on the blade.
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44

Emmel, Carmen. "Vertical distribution of carbon dioxide, water vapour, momentum and energy exchange within and above a forest stand affected by the mountain pine beetle." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46254.

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The mountain pine beetle (MPB) has killed vast areas of pine forest in British Columbia, Canada converting forests from carbon sinks to sources. Different management options for these forests exist ranging from no treatment to complete removal of the infested forest (clearcut). The MPB attack and the following management alter the microclimate and carbon balance of affected stands. An intensive field campaign was conducted in the summer of 2010 in an affected forest without treatment in the interior of British Columbia. Eddy covariance, radiation, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide (CO???) measurements were made at seven heights on a tower within and above the canopy. This dissertation assessed the impact of the MPB attack and the structure of the disturbed canopy on the contribution of various vegetation layers (ground, secondary structure, overstory) to exchanges of CO???, water vapour (H???O), momentum and sensible heat. Previous research has shown that forests without treatment can return to being carbon sinks faster than clearcut sites. It was hypothesized that the rich secondary structure (mostly immature trees that survived the beetle attack) was responsible for this fast recovery. The current dissertation showed that canopy layers in this sparse and open-canopy stand were aerodynamically well coupled with the atmosphere above and allowed 60 % of photosynthetically active radiation to reach the ground. Given these favorable light conditions, the secondary structure was indeed responsible for a large proportion of the CO??? uptake; however, the understory (< 1 m high) contributed at least equally to the CO??? uptake. A dissimilarity in the vertical distribution of sources and sinks of CO???, H???O and sensible heat was found. The dissimilarity between CO??? and H???O was caused by the differences in water use efficiency of the different vegetation layers. Gradient-diffusion theory (K-theory) applicability was examined in order to guide modeling of stand microclimates and growth conditions. Momentum flux (shear stress) could be adequately determined using K-theory and an adjusted length scale. In the case of the other scalars, the use of K-theory was found to be problematic due to counter-gradient fluxes, the inability to resolve gradients and fluxes and/or source scales.
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45

Bock, Nicolas. "Femtoscopy of proton-proton collisions in the ALICE experiment." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316184643.

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46

Грицунов, А. В., И. Н. Бондаренко, А. Б. Галат, О. В. Глухов, and А. Г. Пащенко. "On the quantum electrodynamics of nanosystems." Thesis, Kharkiv, bookfabrik, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/10408.

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Problems of quantum dynamics of nanoobjects essential for development of new nanoelectronic systems are discussed. According to the theory of natural oscillatory systems (NOSs), “interaction” between the objects is interpreted as a quantum-dynamic phenomenon meaning a stable trend arising from the quantum chaos. As an opposite, “interchange” is denominated as the permanent stochastic exchange with action quanta between different NOSs in 4D spacetime, being the physical base of the quantum chaos. The Tetrode-Wheeler-Feynman’s concept of “direct interparticle action” is reconciled with both the quantum radiation-absorption and the Coulomb interaction. A conservation law for the action is supposed as a necessary condition for the momentum-energy conservation. The “classic” conservation law for the momentum-energy is considered as derivative, being valid for the momentum as well as some physical value that is an integral over 3D space from a linear combination of stress-energy tensor principal diagonal terms. Such redefinition enables the unconditional quantization of the energy unlike “orthodox” quantum theory.
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Groß, Michael. "Higher-order accurate and energy-momentum consistent discretisation of dynamic finite deformation thermo-viscoelasticity. Energie-Impuls-konsistente Diskretisierung höherer Genauigkeitsordnung dynamischer finiter Thermo-Viskoelastizität." Siegen OAI Universitätsbibliothek Siegen, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999229915/34.

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48

Slaunwhite, Jason M. "Search for the Higgs Boson Produced in Association with a W Boson at CDF Run II." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1232121462.

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49

Schumann, Matthew Thomas. "The effect of ion-orbit-loss on the distribution of ion, energy and momentum from the edge plasma into the scrape-off layer in tokamaks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53519.

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Some of the outflowing ions in the plasma edge have sufficient energy to access orbits which allow them to free-stream out of the confined plasma region and be lost to the wall or divertor. The effects of this ion-orbit-loss (IOL) on the poloidal distribution of ion, energy and momentum fluxes from the plasma edge into the tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) are analyzed for a representative DIII-D H-mode discharge. IOL yields large fluxes of particle, energy and momentum, distributed poloidally over the SOL, but predominantly into the outboard SOL, significantly changing the fluxes due to transport processes for confined ions within the edge plasma. An intrinsic co-current rotation in the edge of the plasma is produced by the preferential loss of counter-current ions
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50

de, la Puente Alejandro M. "Kaon photoproduction of the proton: contribution of higher angular momentum and energy resonances to the cross-section and polarization asymmetries through an effective Lagrangian model." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3014.

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The differential cross-section and polarization observables in the process γ + p --> K++ Λ are studied within an isobaric approach that includes resonances with total angular momentum J ≤ 5/2 over a center of mass energy range from W = 1.6 GeV to W=2.6 GeV. The model is used to fit recent experimental data as a function of the coupling products at the photon and strong vertices for the well established low energy resonances, as well as the total decay width for the high energy less well-established resonances. The model employed in this study is based on an effective hadronic lagrangian using a tree-level approximation. The model uses Feynman diagrammatic techniques to extract the interaction vertices at a first order level in perturbation theory. To extract the coupling strength products involved in the reaction, a X2- minimization technique is used to fit experimental data. The results suggests that both differential cross-section and double polarization observables need to be fit simultaneously to obtain an accurate description of the data. In addition, it was found that while resonances with angular momentum J= 5/2 do not couple strongly to the KΛ channel, higher energy states with J = 3/2 do couple strongly to the KΛ channel and are highly relevant for an accurate description of the data at energies beyond 1.9 GeV.
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