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1
Christian, Sam M. One Way to Salvation into God's Mercy Before It's Too Late!: Using Our Brains Prior to the Arrival of the Moment of Truth. Independently Published, 2018.
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Moreau, Odile. Press Propaganda and Subaltern Agents of Pan-Islamic Networks in the Muslim Mediterranean World prior to World War I. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430616.003.0006.
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This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.
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Sharif, Shamshuritawati, Sharipah Soaad Syed Yahaya, and Azizan Saaban. Scientific investigation on univariate quantitative methods. UUM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876757.
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The aim of this book is to deliver the reader with a book where they can discover a brief research idea in statistics and mathematics including a wide range of topics such as t-test, ANOVA, L-moment, centrality measure, Quintic Bézier Triangular Patches, and abelianess in Group Theory.The book is advisable for the readers to have some basic foundation on statistical inference and mathematical formulation prior to reading the chapters in this book.It is also suitable for researchers who want to get up to speed quickly on modern statistical and mathematical approach.
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Francisco, Louçã, and Ash Michael. Shadows in Times of Crash. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828211.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 tells the story of the crash as it unfolded. At that moment much of the public discovered a previously hidden world of obscure financial instruments and deals. Prior to the crash, the public might get only occasional glimpses of high finance when one of its components failed. In 2007, almost the entire system came crashing down. The complexity and tight coupling of the shadow banking system had created the possibility of a chain reaction and in 2007 and 2008 the chain was yanked tight. These events shocked the general public, most economists and most of the shadow bankers themselves.
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Thomas, Damion L. “Spreading the Gospel of Basketball”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037177.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the Harlem Globetrotters as Cold Warriors between 1947 and 1954. This is an important moment because prior to the passage of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, the State Department was in the unenviable position of trying to defend segregation while stressing racial progress. Moreover, the politics of symbolism associated with the Globetrotters' tours was designed to give legitimacy to existing racial inequalities in American society by stressing “progress” during the early Cold War era, despite the social, political, and legal barriers that hindered African American advancement. The symbol of the successful yet segregated athlete allowed the government to argue that segregation was not an impediment to the advancement of individual African Americans.
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Perry, Matt, ed. The Global Challenge of Peace. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800857193.001.0001.
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This book scrutinizes the events of 1919 from below: the global underside of the Wilsonian moment. During 1919 the Great Powers redrew the map of the world with the Treaties of Paris and established the League of Nations intending to prevent future war. Yet, that 1919 was a complex threshold between war and peace contested on a global scale is often missed. This process began prior to war’s end with mutinies, labour and consumer unrest, colonial revolt but reached a high point in 1919. Most obviously, the Russian Revolutions of 1917 continued into 1919 which signalled a decisive year for the Bolshevik regime. While the leaders of the Great Powers famously drew up new states in their Parisian hotel rooms, state formation also had a popular dynamic. The Irish Republic was declared. Afghanistan gained independence. Labour unrest was widespread. This year witnessed the emergence of anti-colonial insurgency and movements across Europe’s colonies; in metropolitan centres of Empire, race riots took place in the UK and during the ‘red summer’ in the US, anti-colonial movements, as well as an important moment of political enfranchisement for women but their expulsion from the wartime labour force. 1919 has many legacies: the first Arab spring, with the awakening of nationalism in the Wilsonian and Bolshevik context; the moment (after Amritsar) that Britain definitively lost its moral claim to India; the definitive announcement of Black presence in the UK; the great reversal of women’s participation in the skilled occupations; the first Fascist movement was founded.
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Nishime, Leilani. Tiger Woods and the Perils of Colorblind Celebrity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038075.003.0003.
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This chapter moves from the more familiar white/nonwhite binary to the less commonly studied double-minority multiracial representation. The celebrity culture surrounding Tiger Woods is a vivid example of how the boundaries between black and white racial categories hinge on the exclusion or erasure of Asians from the national imagination. Until the scandal over his infidelity, sports and mainstream media celebrated Woods as the exemplar of our current colorblind moment. An analysis of his online and televised advertising campaigns and his representation in feature magazine articles prior to his adultery scandal demonstrates the difficulty of a multiracial reading in the context of colorblind rhetoric and visual practices. In contrast, postscandal publicity remakes his image from disembodied to overly embodied and debunks the argument, promoted by Woods himself, that we are beyond race and are thus blind to difference.
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Hagberg, Garry L. Ensemble Improvisation, Collective Intention, and Group Attention. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.011.
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Jazz improvisation offers raw material of considerable value for issues in the philosophy of mind, but this material remains insufficiently investigated. Collective intention and distributed group attention have emerged within philosophy in recent years as fruitful areas of study: the long-entrenched dualistic picture of an inner mental event standing behind its physical manifestation has been supplanted by a model of embodied action that is unburdened by a misleading inner/outer dichotomy (so we can now see how an intentional musical work emergeswithin, and not prior to, its physical sound). This makes possible a new focus on a special form of collective intentional action that is not contained within one single mind at one given moment, but rather distributed across a group of individuals engaged in a cooperative, interactively creative performance; cases examined here include John Coltrane, among others.
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Mathisen, Erik. The Loyal Republic. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636320.001.0001.
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This is the story of how Americans attempted to define what it meant to be a citizen of the United States, at a moment of fracture in the republic's history. As Erik Mathisen demonstrates, prior to the Civil War, American national citizenship amounted to little more than a vague bundle of rights. But during the conflict, citizenship was transformed. Ideas about loyalty emerged as a key to citizenship, and this change presented opportunities and profound challenges aplenty. Confederate citizens would be forced to explain away their act of treason, while African Americans would use their wartime loyalty to the Union as leverage to secure the status of citizens during Reconstruction. In The Loyal Republic, Mathisen sheds new light on the Civil War, American emancipation, and a process in which Americans came to a new relationship with the modern state. Using the Mississippi Valley as his primary focus and charting a history that traverses both sides of the battlefield, Mathisen offers a striking new history of the Civil War and its aftermath, one that ushered in nothing less than a revolution in the meaning of citizenship in the United States.
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Taylor, Brian. Fighting for Citizenship. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659770.001.0001.
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In Fighting for Citizenship, Brian Taylor complicates existing interpretations of why black men fought in the Civil War. Civil War–era African Americans recognized the urgency of a core political concern: how best to use the opportunity presented by this conflict over slavery to win abolition and secure enduring black rights, goals that had eluded earlier generations of black veterans. Some, like Frederick Douglass, urged immediate enlistment to support the cause of emancipation, hoping that a Northern victory would bring about the end of slavery. But others counseled patience and negotiation, drawing on a historical memory of unfulfilled promises for black military service in previous American wars and encouraging black men to leverage their position to demand abolition and equal citizenship. In doing this, they also began redefining what it meant to be a black man who fights for the United States. These debates over African Americans’ enlistment expose a formative moment in the development of American citizenship: black Northerners’ key demand was that military service earn full American citizenship, a term that had no precise definition prior to the Fourteenth Amendment. In articulating this demand, Taylor argues, black Northerners participated in the remaking of American citizenship itself—unquestionably one of the war’s most important results.
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White, Marlaine. Intellectual Property Regulation under International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.221.
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The creation of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPs) in the mid-1990s altered the regulation of intellectual property under international law. Prior to the TRIPs Agreement, intellectual property regulation consisted of a patchwork of international treaties and conventions coordinating reciprocal national treatment of signatory states’ domestic intellectual property protection. Generally, those agreements strove for minimum standards of protection, but left levels and types of protection to member states’ national discretion. TRIPs’s strict uniformity represented a momentous change. Development theorists who have examined the practical implications of intellectual property regulation under international law have echoed critical theorists’ assertions of TRIPs as a watershed moment. However, they have expressed concerns over the domination exercised by developed countries over developing countries within the current international intellectual property regulatory system. Of particular importance are international impositions into developing countries’ national legal systems via TRIPs, and efforts of developed countries to extract from developing countries intellectual property concessions over and above those contained in TRIPs. A wide range of articles on intellectual property regulation under international law have also been published in legal journals and periodicals. Three broad themes stand out: concerns about practice and practical applications (i.e., practice tips, reviews of cases and WTO decisions); concerns about policy aspects and consequences of intellectual property law; and exploration of the philosophical underpinnings of the law.
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Ahram, Ariel I. Break all the Borders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917371.001.0001.
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Since 2011, civil wars and state failure have beset the Arab world, underlying the perceived misalignment between national borders and identity in the region. This book is about the separatist movements that aim to remake those borders—the Southern Movement in Yemen, the federalists in eastern Libya, Kurdish nationalists in Syria and Iraq, and the Islamic State (IS). These movements took advantage of state breakdown to seize territory and set up states-within-states. They ran schools, hospitals, and court systems. Their militias provided security to those whom the state had failed. Separatists drew inspiration from the ideals of self-determination that emerged after World War I during the brief “Wilsonian moment.” They built off the historical legacies of prior state-building projects that had failed to gain recognition. New international norms, such as responsibility to protect, offered them hope to correct mistakes of the past. Separatists reached out to the international community for acknowledgement and support. Some served as crucial allies in the campaign against terrorism. Yet the United States and the rest of the international community refused to grant them the recognition they sought. This book shows how understanding the separatist movements’ efforts to break borders in their own terms can help illuminate avenues toward a more stable regional order in the Arab world.
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Sked, Alan. Belle Époque. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.2.
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Did Europe’s ‘age of catastrophe’ (1914–1945) represent a break with the past or did it amplify the tensions of the preceding era? Was it a ‘parenthesis’ or a ‘revelation’? Historians have usually taken the latter view and have dismissed popular nostalgia for the period before 1914 as mere hindsight. Yet Europeans had good reason to be nostalgic. The period 1900–1914 had its moments of crisis and ominous trends (e.g. anti-Semitism), but it was essentially defined by stability, democratization, and significant improvements in social conditions. Nor should one exaggerate the desire for war in society or among Europe’s political elites. Prior to the July Crisis, a great Continental war seemed neither inevitable nor likely, all of which has implications for our understanding of Europe’s later descent into barbarism. Simply put, the dynamics of violence and instability that characterized the ‘age of catastrophe’ were largely generated during that period.
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Huang, Yukon. Origins of China’s Growth Model. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630034.003.0003.
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Deng Xiaoping’s most celebrated achievement was to reshape economic incentives and concentrate development along China’s coast. In doing so, he set the stage for what is referred to as China’s unbalanced growth process. Premier Zhu Rongji kept the growth momentum going by overhauling key financial and economic institutions in response to the Asian Financial Crisis. These reforms led to unprecedented double-digit GDP growth over the three decades prior to 2010. Both Deng Xiaoping and Zhu Rongji were “policy entrepreneurs.” Through their ideas and actions, they were able to overcome vested interests, all while taking risks and launching new reform initiatives. Progress on the reform agenda slowed in the years leading up to the Global Financial Crisis as the subsequent leadership was lulled into a false sense of confidence because of China’s strong economic performance.
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Bâ, Amadou Hampâté. Amkoullel, the Fula Boy. Translated by Jeanne Garane. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021490.
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Born in 1900 in French West Africa, Malian writer Amadou Hampâté Bâ was one of the towering figures in the literature of twentieth-century Francophone Africa. In Amkoullel, the Fula Boy, Bâ tells in striking detail the story of his youth, which was set against the aftermath of war between the Fula and Toucouleur peoples and the installation of French colonialism. A master storyteller, Bâ recounts pivotal moments of his life, and the lives of his powerful and large family, from his first encounter with the white commandant through the torturous imprisonment of his stepfather and to his forced attendance at French school. He also charts a larger story of life prior to and at the height of French colonialism: interethnic conflicts, the clash between colonial schools and Islamic education, and the central role indigenous African intermediaries and interpreters played in the functioning of the colonial administration. Engrossing and novelistic, Amkoullel, the Fula Boy is an unparalleled rendering of an individual and society under transition as they face the upheavals of colonialism.
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Sklar, Lawrence. Causation in Statistical Mechanics. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0033.
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In statistical mechanics causation appears at the micro-level as the postulation that the full state of a system at one time can be specified by the dynamical state of all its micro-constituents (the positions and momenta of the molecules in a gas or, alternatively the wave function of these at one time), and that this state at one time generates, following the laws of dynamics (classical or quantum) the future dynamical state of the system characterized in these micro-constituent terms. So what is ‘non-causal’ in nature in explanations in statistical mechanics? This article explores two issues: The peculiar ‘transcendental’ nature of explanation in equilibrium theory in statistical mechanics; The need for introducing some a priori probability posit over initial conditions of systems in non-equilibrium theory.
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Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger, and Eric Coissac. Terrestrial ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0014.
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Chapter 14 “Terrestrial ecosystems” focuses on the use of eDNA analysis for the study of terrestrial organisms, especially those found in or associated with soil. While eDNA-based analyses have rapidly gained momentum in the freshwater ecology community, first for single-species detection and more recently for diversity surveys, their success has been less immediate among terrestrial ecologists. Soil microbiologists are a notable exception, as they quickly realized that targeting DNA directly in the environment could free them from cultivating microorganisms prior to any community census. This chapter first addresses the particularities of detectability, persistence, and mobility of eDNA in soil. Then, it revisits several remarkable studies dealing with the characterization of plant, earthworm, or soil microbial communities, as well as soil functional diversity. Finally, Chapter 14 reviews one of the most fascinating opportunities offered by eDNA metabarcoding (i.e., the possibility to carry out multitaxa diversity surveys).
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de la Torre, Oscar. The People of the River. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643243.001.0001.
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In this history of the black peasants of Amazonia, Oscar de la Torre focuses on the experience of African-descended people navigating the transition from slavery to freedom. He draws on social and environmental history to connect them intimately to the natural landscape and to Indigenous peoples. Relying on this world as a repository for traditions, discourses, and strategies that they retrieved especially in moments of conflict, Afro-Brazilians fought for autonomous communities and developed a vibrant ethnic identity that supported their struggles over labor, land, and citizenship. Prior to abolition, enslaved and escaped blacks found in the tropical forest a source for tools, weapons, and trade--but it was also a cultural storehouse within which they shaped their stories and records of confrontations with slaveowners and state authorities. After abolition, the black peasants' knowledge of local environments continued to be key to their aspirations, allowing them to maintain relationships with powerful patrons and to participate in the protest cycle that led Getúlio Vargas to the presidency of Brazil in 1930. In commonly referring to themselves by such names as "sons of the river," black Amazonians melded their agro-ecological traditions with their emergent identity as political stakeholders.
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Mertens, Karl. Phenomenological Methodology. Edited by Dan Zahavi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.39.
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This chapter discusses how the methodological self-understanding outlined in Husserl’s early writings changes in later stages of the Phenomenological Movement. The discussion is guided by Merleau-Ponty’s short remarks in the preface of his Phenomenology of Perception about the ambiguity of the phenomenological method. Against this background, it is shown that the critical examination of the possibility of phenomenological reflection and the explanation of the idea of intentionality lead to relevant modifications and revisions of the initial assumptions concerning the phenomenological method. Particularly, the phenomenological concepts of the a priori, transcendental subjectivity, constitution, and descriptive analysis should be modified by considering the relevance of opposing aspects binding the phenomenological reflection also to facticity, the natural attitude, our life-world, and constructive moments. In addition, it is argued that the phenomenological task of offering an investigation of originary experience as a pre-linguistic and subjective experience should also be revised.
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Shay, Anthony, and Barbara Sellers-Young, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.001.0001.
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Dance intersects with ethnicity in a powerful variety of ways and in a broad set of venues. Dance practices and attitudes about ethnicity have sometimes been the source of outright discord, such as when African Americans were—and sometimes still are—told that their bodies are “not right” for ballet, when Anglo Americans painted their faces black to perform in minstrel shows, when nineteenth-century Christian missionaries banned the performance of particular native dance traditions throughout much of Polynesia, and when the Spanish conquistadors and church officials banned sacred Aztec dance rituals. The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Ethnicity brings together scholars from across the globe to investigate what it means to define oneself in an ethnic category and how this category is performed and represented by dance as an ethnicity. The chapters in the book place a reflective lens on dance and its context to examine the role of dance as performed embodiment of the historical moments and associated lived identities. In bringing modern dance and ballet into the conversation alongside forms more often considered ethnic, the chapters ask the reader to contemplate previous categories of folk, ethnic, classical, and modern. From this standpoint, the book considers how dance maintains, challenges, resists, or in some cases evolves new forms of identity based on prior categories. Ultimately, the goal of the book is to acknowledge the depth of research that has been undertaken and to promote continued research and conceptualization of dance and its role in the creation of ethnicity.