Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Moment angulaire orbital des quarks'
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Riberdy, Michael. "Continuum QCD approaches to the 3D structure of the nucleon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP043.
Full textThis PhD thesis encompasses two distinct yet interrelated aspects that contribute to the understanding of quark dynamics within the nucleon structure.First Aspect: GPD Modeling via LFWFsThe study improves ways to find quark helicity projection nucleon fluctuations. It uses a representation of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) with definite quark orbital angular momentum Light Front Wave Functions (LFWFs). These LFWFs are important in Fock expansions of hadronic states, and are projections of three-quark amplitudes . The 3D light cone projections of such amplitudes are used to restore a probabilistic interpretation. The three-quark nucleon amplitudes to be projected, in turn, are wave functions defined through off-diagonal nucleon matrix elements, leading to the derivation of nucleon LFWFs of various definite orbital angular momenta (OAM).With these definite quark helicity LFWFs, the study calculates GPDs as combinations of their overlaps. This approach facilitates isolation of definite OAM contributions to nucleon GPDs, Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs), Electromagnetic Form Factors (FFs), and the electric nucleon radius. The significance of this work lies in its potential to map the contributions of distinct quark OAM states to nucleon structure.Second Aspect: Bayesian Reweighting of GPD Replicas Using Mock Lattice DataA systematic study is presented to demonstrate the impact of lattice QCD data on the extraction of GPDs. To achieve this, a previously developed set of GPD models based on machine learning techniques is employed. The underlying modeling adheres to theoretical requirements, including polynomiality, a form of positivity constraint, and known limits. Special attention is given to estimate uncertainty arising from the challenging connection between GPDs and experimental processes, notably deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS).Mock lattice QCD data inputs are strategically included in a Bayesian framework, reducing the uncertainty associated with the models. Emphasis is placed on assessing the impact of precision, correlation, and kinematic coverage of lattice data on uncertainty reduction, particularly at moderate skewness. This allows for a connection between lattice QCD practitioners and GPD modeling by investigating the constraints on lattice data necessary for the greatest reduction of uncertainty on the modeling side of nucleon GPD physics.In summary, this PhD thesis presents a dual-focused exploration of quark dynamics within the nucleon structure. The first aspect refines GPD modeling through LFWFs, isolating quark helicity projection nucleon fluctuations and delineating the multidimensional structure of the nucleon. Complementing this, the second aspect conducts an impact study, incorporating mock lattice data to constrain prior GPD modeling by colleagues of the candidate. Utilizing a Bayesian framework, the study refines uncertainties resulting from a prior model based on Goloskov and Kroll's phenomenological approach, and in doing so elucidates possible uses of directed lattice QCD studies intended to feed GPD modeling in combination and complement to current and future experimental data
Nguyen, Duy Kevin. "Étude des ondes à Moment Angulaire Orbital pour les liaisons Radiofréquences." Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30033.
Full textMalgré sa découverte au début du XXe siècle, le Moment Angulaire Orbital (OAM) est une propriété de l'onde encore inexploitée actuellement. Au cours des années 1990, les premières utilisations pratiques du Moment Angulaire Orbital d'une onde électromagnétique ont vu le jour dans le domaine optique. Il s'agissait alors de faisceaux collimatés ou gaussiens. Contrairement au Moment Angulaire de Spin qui ne possède que deux états orthogonaux, il existe en principe une infinité d'états pour le Moment Angulaire Orbital. On peut également exhiber pour eux des propriétés algébriques d'orthogonalité. Les récentes expériences qui mettent en oeuvre cette propriété dans le domaine des hyperfréquences ont suscité un intérêt pour ces ondes. En effet, l'utilisation du Moment Angulaire Orbital, en tant qu'élément de codage de l'information, a été récemment investiguée dans le domaine des liaisons optiques. Au sein de la communauté des télécommunications, elle laisse notamment apparaître des perspectives d'accroissement des capacités de transmission, à occupation spectrale équivalente. Nous proposons dans cette thèse l'étude des concepts fondamentaux, en appui sur l'état de l'art, pour poser les bases de la compréhension de ces ondes si particulières, également appelées vortex électromagnétiques. Malgré la très vive controverse actuelle autour de ce sujet, l'objectif de ces travaux est de dresser un premier bilan des aspects fondamentaux sur le Moment Angulaire Orbital et de statuer sur les potentialités et les limites de son utilisation. Nous avons défini deux axes d’étude pour atteindre ces objectifs. D'une part, nous apportons une contribution en approfondissant les travaux existants sur la théorie de l'estimation locale de l'ordre du Moment Angulaire Orbital. D'autre part, la problématique du bilan de liaison d'une onde porteuse de Moment Angulaire Orbital est largement étudiée. Un développement asymptotique est proposé pour aboutir à une formulation originale faisant apparaître des termes équivalents de gains et de pertes. Cette formulation, permettant de pré-dimensionner un système de communication à Moment Angulaire Orbital, est validée en simulation et expérimentalement à l'aide d'un prototype de système de communication à quatre canaux de Moment Angulaire Orbital, conçu et réalisé avec le soutien du CNES. Enfin, prenant part à un travail amont sur le Moment Angulaire Orbital, ce manuscrit s'achève sur des discussions quant aux potentialités multiples liées à cette propriété
Sanchez, Padilla Benjamin. "Rotational mechanical effects driven by the transfer of the acoustic orbital angular momentum." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0452.
Full textWe study the rotational mechanical effects resulting from sound-matter interaction in the presence of orbital angular momentum transfer. A set of experimental realizations are implemented by using ultrasonic waves propagating in the air and 3D printed centimeter-sized objects acting as structured mirrors imparting a helical phase profile to the reflected wave. The main result consists of the quantitative direct measurement of the orbital angular momentum carried by acoustic vortex beams via two independent approaches. The first one is based on the use of a freely rotating helical mirror placed at air-water interface, and the second one relies on the development of a torsional mechanical oscillator driven by acoustic orbital angular momentum
Tandjè, Sourou Hugues Arsène. "Conception et caractérisation de fibres optiques à modes à moment angulaire orbital." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R032/document.
Full textOptical fibers (step index and graded-index ones) are widely used for long-haul (intercontinental, terrestrial optical backbone) and short-reach (datacenter, access network) links. Some fibers called specialty optical fibers also play an important role in other applications like medicine (endoscopy for example), sensing, laser applications etc. The constant rise of Internet services combined to the growth of the number of Internet users makes it necessary to increase the current capacity of optical fiber networks. The fibers commercially used today for very high data rate transmissions use only the fundamental mode (denoted LP01, in the weakly guiding approximation) to transmit the information: there are known as single-mode fibers. As they are now reaching the so-called nonlinear Shannon limit, one of the ideas for increasing the capacity of fiber networks is to implement space-division multiplexing (SDM) and then simultaneously use different modes in a so-called few-mode fiber (fiber supporting typically dozens of modes) or a multicore fiber. Since 2010, several studies have been developed in this direction, mainly on fibers supporting LP (Linearly Polarized) modes and more recently OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) modes, i.e. modes with helical phase and circular polarization. In this last case, phase and polarization properties are supposed to limit the coupling between modes. This PhD work deals with the design and the realization of OAM fibers presenting weak coupling between modes, for application to data transport but also for study in nonlinear photonics. Some of the fibers studied are annular core fibers made by conventional manufacturing methods, having internal / external radii and optimized ring refractive indices. We fabricated such all-solid ring-core fibers with the aim to apply them for simple MIMO transmission using OAM modes as independent channels. However, we also designed and manufactured the first photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with close-to-circular ring-core, low confinement loss and suitable for OAM mode guidance. We experimentally show that the fabricated fibers support OAM modes, and their transmission matrices have been measured. We also performed preliminary solitonic shifting experimentations in PCF fiber supporting OAM
Tandjè, Sourou Hugues Arsène. "Conception et caractérisation de fibres optiques à modes à moment angulaire orbital." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR032.
Full textOptical fibers (step index and graded-index ones) are widely used for long-haul (intercontinental, terrestrial optical backbone) and short-reach (datacenter, access network) links. Some fibers called specialty optical fibers also play an important role in other applications like medicine (endoscopy for example), sensing, laser applications etc. The constant rise of Internet services combined to the growth of the number of Internet users makes it necessary to increase the current capacity of optical fiber networks. The fibers commercially used today for very high data rate transmissions use only the fundamental mode (denoted LP01, in the weakly guiding approximation) to transmit the information: there are known as single-mode fibers. As they are now reaching the so-called nonlinear Shannon limit, one of the ideas for increasing the capacity of fiber networks is to implement space-division multiplexing (SDM) and then simultaneously use different modes in a so-called few-mode fiber (fiber supporting typically dozens of modes) or a multicore fiber. Since 2010, several studies have been developed in this direction, mainly on fibers supporting LP (Linearly Polarized) modes and more recently OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) modes, i.e. modes with helical phase and circular polarization. In this last case, phase and polarization properties are supposed to limit the coupling between modes. This PhD work deals with the design and the realization of OAM fibers presenting weak coupling between modes, for application to data transport but also for study in nonlinear photonics. Some of the fibers studied are annular core fibers made by conventional manufacturing methods, having internal / external radii and optimized ring refractive indices. We fabricated such all-solid ring-core fibers with the aim to apply them for simple MIMO transmission using OAM modes as independent channels. However, we also designed and manufactured the first photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with close-to-circular ring-core, low confinement loss and suitable for OAM mode guidance. We experimentally show that the fabricated fibers support OAM modes, and their transmission matrices have been measured. We also performed preliminary solitonic shifting experimentations in PCF fiber supporting OAM
Niemiec, Ronan. "Étude des propriétés du moment angulaire orbital des ondes EM : développement de capteurs, transfert de moment et applications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S154/document.
Full textAn electromagnetic wave is defined by its amplitude, its wave vector, its frequency and its angular momentum. This momentum can be decomposed into two components: polarization (associated to spin angular momentum), and orbital angular momentum. The later has not been investigated thoroughly until the last few years. To deepen the knowledge on orbital angular momentum, both prototypes and analysis tools have been developed in this thesis. First, study of orbital angular momentum transfer to a macroscopic object, at a frequency of 870 MHz, is presented. An interpretation of the transfer mechanism is then proposed, supported by the calculation of field equations and electromagnetic simulations. Secondly, the conception and the realization of two antennas able to generate an EM wave with orbital angular momentum are presented. These antennas use phase plates with an angular dependent law. The first one is a “spiral” phase plate, with constant permittivity and variable height. The second one has variable permittivity and constant height. Both have been simulated and characterized in CHEOPS anechoic chamber (DGA-MI, Bruz). Measurements of magnitude and phase, on a plane, have been obtained. Lastly, total reflection on planar and curved surfaces and influence of sampling on OAM modes estimation were investigated. Simulation results of reflected waves are promising and show a relationship between the induced deformations and the object reflected on. As for OAM modes estimation, study has been performed using an extraction circle on the wave front. Several parameters (center of the circle, radius) have been considered, and a method for OAM modes estimation on a large bandwidth is proposed
Chappuis, Céline. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé à deux faisceaux portant du moment angulaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS022/document.
Full textHigh-order harmonic generation is a highly nonlinear laser-matter interaction process which allows the synthesis of sub-femtosecond pulses, also called attosecond (1 as = 10⁻¹⁸ s) pulses. My PhD is centered around the study of angular momentum transfer during this process, in order to control spatial and polarization features of the radiation which is emitted in the extreme ultraviolet. As for matter, the angular momentum of light can be divided into a spin component, associated with the beam’s polarization, and an orbital component, related to the shape of the wavefront. The control of high harmonics’ angular momentum requires generating schemes involving two crossing beams, thus creating a diffraction grating in the generating medium.We have shown that, although the transfer rules obey conservation laws of the angular momentum, the fine description of the phenomenon requires an accurate analysis of the laser field in the generation medium. This work opens the road for advanced shaping of attosecond pulses
Roy, Bruno. "Formation de faisceaux laser avec moment angulaire orbital : fabrication de lames de phase en spirale réflectrices." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27771/27771.pdf.
Full textWei, Wenlong. "Contribution à l'étude et la conception d'antennes pour la génération d'ondes radiofréquences transportant du moment angulaire orbital." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S048/document.
Full textIt is well known from Maxwell’s theory that electromagnetic (EM) radiation carries both linear momentum (energy) and angular momentum. The latter has two parts: Spin Angular Momentum (SAM) which corresponds to the polarization of an EM wave and Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) which is associated with the spatial distribution of an EM wave. The SAM has only two states (left and right) and is used to double the channel capacity in telecommunications. On the other hand, the OAM can theoretically have an infinite number of states called the OAM modes. Therefore, the first applications of OAM have been proposed in wireless communications at radio frequencies. However, first of all, it is necessary to develop the antennas for generating such waves. The objective of this thesis is to design the antennas for the generation of radio waves bearing OAM. The manuscript contains three parts. In the first part, an antenna using 4 patches and an original phase shifter is developed and tested to generate an OAM wave. In the second part, a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity is used to enhance the directivity of this antenna. The third part is to generate guided OAM waves. Some horn antennas are used to radiate these waves with good directivity
Sanson, Fabrice. "Génération et optimisation d'harmoniques d’ordres élevés portant un moment angulaire orbital pour l'injection dans un plasma de laser X-UV." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP026.
Full textThis document presents the CIFRE/Amplitude thesis work carried out to set up on the LASERIX XUV line an experiment of high harmonic generation by a pump infrared beam carrying a non-zero orbital angular momentum produced by adding a phase plate on the beam path. The originality of our approach was to generate the harmonics in a relatively long gas cell (around 10mm) and to characterize the optical vortices of harmonic 25 by a Extreme Ultraviolet Hartmann. We demonstrated that the sensitivity of the detector and the reliability of the software processing of the data made it possible to verify that harmonic 25 typically carries an orbital angular momentum of 25, as theoretically predicted. Further analysis of the experimental data allowed us to quantitatively demonstrate the intrinsically multimode nature of the produced beams. I have therefore detailed the different methods of analysis proposed in the literature, I could compare their reliability and their relevance to describe the physical phenomenon at work. I also studied in detail the robustness and convergence of the analytical methods applied to beams with typical orbital angular momenta as high as l=25. The analysis of the data allowed me to show the role of even very weak residual astigmatism contained in the pump infrared beam to produce the bi-lobal shape of the vortices. This characteristic shape was also obtained by other teams. One way to regain a truly annular shape is to set up an active optimization loop of the pump laser wavefront. I have also developed propagation and diffraction calculations of beams carrying non-zero orbital angular momenta, whether in EUV or infrared. This allowed me to quantify the multimode character, in terms of LG modes, of the infrared beams passing through a phase plate that was first assumed to be perfect, then real. Then I showed using the single atom model for harmonic generation that this non-linear, non-perturbative process intrinsically induced new radial LG modes. Finally, the objective of all this work for the LASERIX team was to demonstrate the ability of an X-ray laser amplifier plasma pumped from a solid target to amplify a harmonic vortex at the right wavelength, while maintaining its modal structure and in any case the charge carried by the beam. A collaboration with Eduardo Oliva from Madrid, who carries out Maxwell Bloch simulations, shows that this is possible from the point of view of the fundamental physics of the amplification in this wavelength range
Brunet, Charles. "Design and modeling of optical fibers for spatial division multiplexing using the orbital angular momentum of light." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26996.
Full textThe always increasing need for digital data bandwidth pushes the development of emerging technologies to increase network capacity, especially for optical fiber infrastructures. Among those technologies, spatial multiplexing is a promising way to multiply the capacity of current optical links. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in current spatial multiplexing using the orbital angular momentum of light as an orthogonal basis to distinguish between a few optical channels. We first introduce notions from electromagnetism and physic needed for the understanding of the later developments. We derive Maxwell’s equations describing scalar and vector modes of optical fiber. We also present other modal properties like mode cutoff, group index, and dispersion. Orbital angular momentum is briefly explained, with emphasis on its applications to optical communications. In the second part, we propose the modal map as a tool that can help in the design of few mode fibers. We develop the vectorial solution of the ring-core fiber cutoff equation, then we extend those equations to all varieties of three-layer fiber profiles. Finally, we give some examples of the use of the modal map. In the third part of this thesis, we propose few fiber designs for the transmission of modes with an orbital angular momentum. The tools that were developed in the second part of this thesis are now used in the design process of those fibers. A first fiber design, characterized by a hollow center, is studied and demonstrated. Then a second design, a family of ring-core fibers, is studied. Effective indexes and group indexes are measured on the fabricated fibers, and compared to numerical simulations. The tools and the fibers developed in this thesis allowed a deeper comprehension of the transmission of orbital angular momentum modes in fiber. We hope that those achievements will help in the development of next generation optical communication systems using spatial multiplexing.
Vannier, Dos Santos Borges Carolina. "Bell inequalities with Orbital Angular Momentum of Light." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112225/document.
Full textWe shall present a theoretical description of paraxial beams, showing the propagation modes that arise from the solution of the paraxial equation in free space. We then discuss the angular momentum carried by light beams, with its decomposition in spin and orbital angular momentum and its quantization. We present the polarization and transverse modes of a beam as potential degrees of freedom to encode information. We define the Spin-Orbit modes and explain the experimental methods to produce such modes. We then apply the Spin-Orbit modes to perform a BB84 quantum key distribution protocol without a shared reference frame.We propose a Bell-like inequality criterion as a sufficient condition for the spin-orbit non-separability of a classical laser beam. We show that the notion of separable and non-separable spin-orbit modes in classical optics builds a useful analogy with entangled quantum states, allowing for the study of some of their important mathematical properties. We present a detailed quantum optical description of the experiment in which a comprehensive range of quantum states are considered.Following the study of Bell's inequalities we consider bipartite quantum systems characterized by a continuous angular variable θ. We show how to reveal non-locality on this type of system using inequalities similar to CHSH ones, originally derived for bipartite spin 1/2 like systems. Such inequalities involve correlated measurement of continuous angular functions and are equivalent to the continuous superposition of CHSH inequalities acting on two-dimensional subspaces of the infinite dimensional Hilbert space. As an example, we discuss in detail one application of our results, which consists in measuring orientation correlations on the transverse profile of entangled photons
Magallanes, González Hernando. "Mechanical effects of light in presence of optical spin-orbit interaction." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0437.
Full textInteractions between light and matter cause optomechanical phenomena, where a distinctive feature of light-matter interaction, namely, the spin-orbit interaction of light, takes place within an emerging research area dedicated to the study of optomechanical effects in the presence of the interplay between polarization and spatial degrees of freedom of light. In particular, this work aims to directly observe the manifestation of (i) lateral forces and (ii) left-handed torques, which are counterintuitive optomechanical effects, by using inhomogeneous and anisotropic media as a critical ingredient for the manufacture of spin-orbit optical elements. Hence, we report on their direct experimental observations attempts, starting from the preliminary results obtained in our group before this work, and then present our new proposals and further generalization to the case of lateral forces. Consequently, we report on a millimeter-scale direct observation of optical spin-dependent lateral forces and left-handed torques with a full study. From the analysis of both phenomena, it turns out that their speed can be increased by reducing the spin-orbit optical elements inertia or size, making the phenomena relevant at microscopic-scale and interesting for technological applications. Thus, we account for our experimental journey chronologically, to observe the left-handed torque at micrometer-scale with samples that correspond to miniaturized versions of previous ones. Since the last results were inconclusive, we finish by proposing new strategies of manipulation of such micro-elements with promising implementation
Chai, Yue. "Nonlinear propagation of unconventional beams in a photorefractive crystal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CentraleSupélec, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CSUP0005.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the propagation of Bessel beams in a photorefractive crystal, involving technologies used in advanced optical communications, such as the all-optical router, switcher, mode multiplexing and demultiplexing using orbital angular momentum (OAM). The work is in two parts: the photo-inscription of waveguides and the modulation of OAM modes. In the first part, we demonstrate numerically and experimentally that a single diffracting Bessel beam can induce complex waveguides under the PR effect. In addition, by manipulating the parameters of our optical platform, we achieve flexible control of the induced waveguides’ characteristics. By testing these photo-induced waveguides using Gaussian probe beams, we confirm their complex routing functions. Furthermore, by introducing the second counter-propagating beam, we induce dynamic waveguides and demonstrate the control in any regime. In the second part, we demonstrated in simulations and experiments that the OAM of an arbitrarily polarized Bessel beam can be continuously modulated in the PR crystal by the applied electric field. By discussing parameter, we confirm optimal parameters to obtain the broadest modulation range in the steady state. We propose temporal plateaux long enough on which the OAM exceeds its initial value, thus enabling the extension of the OAM modulation range, even in the unstable regime. All the results in this thesis open up promising prospects for developing new technologies in all-optical or quantum communications
Maltese, Giorgio. "Generation and manipulation of high-dimensional photonics states with AlGaAs chips." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/MALTESE_Giorgio_2_complete_20190915.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the development of novel integrated semiconductor devices and methods for the generation and manipulation of high-dimensional states of light. We report on the study of an AlGaAs waveguide implementing type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion process in a monochromatic pump regime, with a focus on the joint spectral amplitude of the emitted biphoton state. The source works at room temperature, emits photon pairs in the telecom range and is compliant with electrical injection. The generation of broadband biphoton states is experimentally demonstrated via the reconstruction of the joint spectral intensity and via a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment indicating that signal and idler photons are emitted over a large bandwidth (170nm) and with a high degree of indistinguishability (V=0.86). Moreover, we show that the cavity effect due to waveguide facets reflectivity leads to the production of biphoton frequency-comb states. This platform is used to demonstrate an original method to generate and control the symmetry of biphoton frequency combs exploiting cavity effects and a delay between the two photons of each pair. More specifically, we show that a fine tuning of the pump frequency enables the generation of resonant and anti-resonant comb states allowing to manipulate the wavefunction symmetry. The method can be adapted and applied to a large variety of systems, either bulk or integrated, thus increasing their flexibility and the richness of the generated states in view of implementation of new quantum information protocols.In addition, we demonstrate the realization of an AlGaAs ridge waveguide for the generation of light beams with tailored phase and polarization distributions, carrying spin angular momentum, and present the design of a device for the generation of a twisted light beam, carrying first order orbital angular momentum
Chopinaud, Aurélien. "Atomes et vortex optiques : conversion de moments orbitaux de lumière en utilisant la transition à deux photons 5S-5D du rubidium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS155/document.
Full textThe orbital angular momentum of light (OAM) is a quantized quantity arising from the azimuthal phase carried by optical vortices and is well-known for quantum technology applications. Its set of values is theoretically infinite.In this context this thesis experimentally study the conversion of optical vortices in a rubidium vapor through the 5S₁/₂ − 5D₅/₂ stimulated Raman transition. When the atoms are illuminated with laser beams at 780 nm and 776 nm they generate two coherent light beams at 5,23 μm and 420 nm. We investigate the blue light when one laser or both are optical vortices, in particular Laguerre-Gaussian modes. In a first part we show that if the laser at 776 nm carries an OAM the blue light is an optical vortex with an OAM which respects azimutal and Gouy phase matchings. We further show that the conversion is efficient on a large set of OAM from -50 to +50, that the efficiency is governed by the product of the input laser intensities and that the blue light behaves like a pure Laguerre-Gaussian mode. In a second part we demonstrate the conversion of a vortex superposition or a pair of coaxial vortices and that the OAM of the emitted light obeys the conservation rule of total OAM. For each studied case we propose a four wave mixing model establishing selection rules for the conversion process. This work opens possibilities towards OAM conversion using higher atomic levels
Cognee, Kevin. "Hybridization of open photonic resonators." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0002.
Full textThe control of the interaction between light and matter is of paramount importance in many modern technologies, with applications ranging from sensing to telecommunication and quantum information. Nanophotonic resonators allow to enhance this interaction by the storage and confinement of the light field.This thesis studies the hybridization of eigenmodes of nano- and microresonators, and in particular the properties of hybrid resonators composed of a dielectric cavity and plasmonic nanoantennas. Due to their lossy nature, in particular radiation, photonic resonators can only be well described in the framework of quasinormal modes theory (QNM). We confirm the relevance of such theories by investigating the physics of the perturbation of high-Q dielectric cavities aided by numerical and experimental works.Then we propose a theory to study the hybridization of multiple resonators and predict the properties of the ensemble. In the context of antenna-cavity hybrids, previous works have demonstrated the great potential of such resonators to enhance light-matter interaction further than what is achieved with their components taken individually. Here we show, with theoretical and experimental works that such resonators also offer additional degrees of control over the properties of the emitted light, such as directionality or beams carrying a pure orbital angular momentum. We furthermore investigate the performances of such hybrid resonators in the context of molecular optomechanics. Indeed, we show they can be an excellent platform to enhance Raman scattering, while simultaneously offering input and output channels with controllable properties for the pump and Raman signals
Nicolas, Adrien. "Optical quantum memories with cold atomic ensembles : a free space implementation for multimode storage, or a nanofiber-based one for high collection efficiency." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066494/document.
Full textWe present an experimental study of two optical quantum memory systems based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cold cesium atoms.We explain the relevance of quantum memories for the development of large-scale quantum networks, we give a comprehensive theory of the EIT phenomenon and underline the role of relevant parameters regarding the implementation of quantum memories.The first system under study is prepared in a free-space magneto-optical trap. The main result of this thesis is the demonstration of the spatial multimode capability of this system at the quantum level. For this, we used Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) light beams, i.e. beams possessing a non-zero value of orbital angular momentum (OAM). In a first step, we showed that the orbital angular momentum of stored light pulses is preserved by the memory, deep in the single photon regime. In a second step, we encoded information in the orbital angular momentum state of a weak light pulse and defined a qubit using two LG beams of opposite helicities. We developed an original setup for the measurement of this OAM qubit and used it to characterize the action of the memory during the storage of such a light pulse. Our results show that the memory performs the quantum storage of such a qubit.The second system under study, also a cloud of cold atoms, has the specificity that the atoms are trapped optically in the vicinity of a nano-waveguide. This innovative design ensures a higher light-matter interaction and facilitates the interfacing of photons into and out of the memory. We describe the building of this setup and the first steps towards quantum memory implementations
Veissier, Lucile. "Quantum memory protocols in large cold atomic ensembles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977307.
Full textMazouz, Malek. "Exploration de la diffusion Compton profondément virtuelle sur le neutron dans le hall A du Jefferson Laboratory." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123411.
Full textBriere, Gauthier. "Réalisation de méta-optiques à base de matériaux semi-conducteurs III-V pour des applications dans le visible." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4075.
Full textIn the past years, new optical components have appeared. These components, known as "meta-optics" or "metasurfaces", made it possible to control and to shape the wavefront of the light. This allows the control of any incident beam and the creation of conventional optical functionalities, such as focusing or deflecting the light, or functionalities with additional features such as the possibility of creating polarization-dependent meta-holograms. Indeed, thanks to the periodic arrangement of resonators with sub-wavelength geometric dimensions, it is possible to obtain an arbitrary local control of the incident beam. Nevertheless, even though many applications have been demonstrated in the community, only a few materials are found to be compatible for the industrial development of these components. In addition, in order to pass from passive to active components for the fabrication of dynamic devices, it is necessary to switch from dielectric materials to semiconductor materials. For these reasons, we are interested in the use of a semiconductor material, Gallium Nitride, for the development of metasurface components. We first present a numerical study of the nanostructures used during this work. Then, we show how the design of our meta-optics is done by presenting the numerical conception method and nanofabrication processes used, which includes a new etching technique compatible only with crystalline materials while preserving their optical properties. Finally, we suggest different applications where our components can be used, such as: the development of metalenses with high numerical aperture and large surface; the optimization of metasurface high contrast gratings allowing to reach diffraction efficiencies higher than 80%; or the fabrication of meta-holograms preserving the information of the orbital angular momentum of the incident beam
Xu, Zun-Min, and 許俊敏. "The orbital angular momentum of the quarks in a nontopological soliton bag." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27298606391916684620.
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