Relevant bibliographies by topics / Molten aluminium material

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Molten aluminium material'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Molten aluminium material"

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Kucharčík, L., M. Brůna, and A. Sládek. "Influence of Chemical Composition on Porosity in Aluminium Alloys." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0026.

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Abstract Porosity is one of the major defects in aluminum castings, which results is a decrease of a mechanical properties. Porosity in aluminum alloys is caused by solidification shrinkage and gas segregation. The final amount of porosity in aluminium castings is mostly influenced by several factors, as amount of hydrogen in molten aluminium alloy, cooling rate, melt temperature, mold material, or solidification interval. This article deals with effect of chemical composition on porosity in Al-Si aluminum alloys. For experiment was used Pure aluminum and four alloys: AlSi6Cu4, AlSi7Mg0, 3, AlSi9Cu1, AlSi10MgCu1.
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Alhussein, Abdulaziz, Piotr R. Scheller, and Wen Yang. "Reaction between MgO-SiO2 refractory material and Fe-Al alloy." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 5 (2018): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018079.

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The interaction between molten Fe-Al alloy containing 5.1 wt.% aluminium and MgO-SiO2-based refractory was investigated. In high-frequency induction furnace at 1550 °C refractory samples were immersed in liquid alloy for 1 min, 2 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 60 min. Scanning electron microscope was employed to investigate phases at the interface and inclusions in the Fe-Al alloy. Forsterite phase in refractory was transformed to MgO·Al2O3 spinel, owing to the reduction of iron oxide and silica in forsterite by aluminium in the Fe-Al alloy at the interface. The interface layer separated locally from the refractory material and formed cluster and single particles in the Fe-Al alloy. In view on the reaction rate, the disintegration of the refractory material increased the reaction area but interfered with increasing thickness of the spinel layer. The dissolution rate of silica into the molten alloy decreased with increasing the reaction time because of the slowed down transport of aluminium diffusing through increasing spinel layer became the rate controlling step.
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Petric, M., S. Kastelic, and P. Mrvar. "Selection of electrodes for the ˝in situ˝ electrical resistivity measurements of molten aluminium." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 3 (2013): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb130118029p.

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The aim of this paper is the selections of proper electrode material for four-probe technique electrical resistivity measurement of aluminium and aluminium alloys. The biggest problem of electrodes is oxidation during measurement causing high contact resistance and giving wrong results. Various materials have been tested and aluminium electrodes have been chosen. Advantage of aluminium electrodes is that they are melted in specimen right after the pouring and causing no interface which is resulting with any contact resistance. The device together with measuring cell for ?in situ? measurement of electrical resistivity was developed using four-probe DC technique.
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Faleh, Hazim, Muna Noori, Florin Ştefănescu, Gigel Neagu, and Eduard Marius Stefan. "Wettability in Aluminium-Graphite Particles Composites (Review)." Advanced Materials Research 1143 (February 2017): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1143.64.

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The paper presents some aspects regarding the wetting conditions in aluminium – graphite composite. The wettability depends on several factors like the presence of the oxide skin at the melt surface, formation Al4C3 at the interface between Al and particles, temperature, pressure etc. In this paper, the conditions of perfect wettability of carbon by molten Al achieved under MCl–K2TiF6 molten salts (fluxes), alloying of the melt with surface active elements, heat treatment of reinforcement material and coating of the particles with a metallic thin layer.
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Ghias, A. Siddique Ahmed, and B. Vijaya Ramnath. "Investigation of Tensile Property of Aluminium SiC Metal Matrix Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.252.

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The composite material is a combination of two or more materials with different physical and chemical properties. The composite has superior characteristics than those individual components. A hybrid composite is the one which contains at least three materials. When the matrix material is a metal, the composite is termed as metal matrix composites (MMC). The MMC is a composite material with two constituent parts, one being a metal. The other material may be another metal, ceramic or fiber. Among all the MMC’s, Aluminium is the most widely used matrix material due to its light weight, high strength and hardness. This paper deals with the fabrication and mechanical investigation of hybrid metal matrix composite Al - SiC. The fabrication is done by stir casting by adding the required quantities of additives into the stirred molten Aluminium. The results show significant effect of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield stress and flexural strength. The internal structure of the composite is observed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found that are formation of pores in them.
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Šolc, Marek, Eva Grambalová, and Marian Šofranko. "The Quality Interaction of Molten Salts in the Systems SiO2-Al2O3." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.20.

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The aim of this study was to realize and evaluate laboratory corrosion tests associated with problems such as wear of refractory materials, for example, at processing of aluminium. Corrosion tests were carried out by static crucible corrosion test in laboratory resistive furnace at 850 °C during 2 hours in air atmosphere. Two types of aluminum-silica molded refractories were used as a corroding material. As corrosive media were applied pure chlorides, namely: sodium chloride, potassium chloride. The results of corrosion tests were evaluated by macroscopic, microscopic, chemical and semiquantitative EDX analysis.
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MAHRAN, Gamal Mohamed Attia, Abdel-Nasser Mohamed OMRAN, and El-Sayed Sedek ABU SEIF. "The Formation Mechanism and Characterization of Al-Si Master Alloys from Sodium Fluosilicate." Materials Science 26, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.2.21896.

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A modified Al-Si alloy containing up to 15 wt.% Si has been obtained from the reaction of sodium fluosilicate (Na2SiF6) with molten aluminum. This work attempted to estimate the mechanism of the reaction of Na2SiF6 with molten aluminum to produce Al-Si alloys. The effect of temperature, Na2SiF6/Al Wt ratio and reaction time on the formation of Al-Si alloy were investigated. The thermodynamic data, kinetic and rate of the reaction were studied. The results showed the possibility of the reaction between Na2SiF6 and molten aluminum thermodynamically, and that this reaction might be controlled chemically. The current study aims to optimize the factors that affecting the preparation of a modified Al-Si alloy from a reduction of sodium fluosilicate using molten aluminium. Temperature 950 oC, reaction time 20 – 25 min and Na2SiF6/Al Wt ratio related to the applied Si percentage. The prepared alloys could be modified due to the presence of Na2SiF6 in the used material as a source of sodium in response to modifying the produced Al-Si alloys. The microstructure by using LOM, SEM, and EDX proved that the needle-like silicon converts to fine fibrous. The volume fraction of primary Si reduces and the eutectic point moves to a higher silicon concentration. The modification improves the wear characteristics and increases the tensile and hardness.
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Shcherbakova, Galina I., Maxim S. Varfolomeev, and Pavel A. Storozhenko. "Solution to Technological Problems of Raising the Reliability and Quality of Castings Based on Titanium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.258.

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We consider the problems of the complex application of the aluminium-yttrium binder in the fabrication of high-temperature resistant melting crucibles and investment molds thermoschemically resistant to titanium melts. The results of the contact interaction investigations of a molten titanium alloy with a material of aluminum-yttrium ceramics are presented. The usage of ceramic products of α-Al2O3–Y3Al5O12∙α-Al2O3 composition under conditions of high-temperature melting and pouring under vacuum minimizes the physicochemical interaction and significantly reduces the alpha case layer on cast products, thereby improving their operational properties.
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Taylor, John A. "The Dark Side of Light Metals: Energy Wasted and Unnecessary CO2 Emitted as a Consequence of the Re-Oxidation of Molten Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.429.

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Aluminium is often referred to (quaintly, though sometimes disparagingly) as “solidified electricity”. By this, it is implied that we need to be cautious about aluminium and question its use since it is a very energy-intensive engineering material. Fortunately, solid aluminium and its alloys have also had good press, being highly versatile and durable in service and being readily recyclable (at about 5% of the energy required to produce the primary Al initially). However, the ground is shifting again and with the present growing focus on embodied energy and carbon footprints, aluminium’s processing and use is being revisited.
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Laukant, H., C. Wallmann, M. Korte, and Uwe Glatzel. "Flux-Less Joining Technique of Aluminium with Zinc-Coated Steel Sheets by a Dual-Spot-Laser Beam." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.163.

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Joining of iron with aluminium in the liquid phase is complicated due to the formation of brittle intermetallics within Fe-Al melts. In this work we present the technology of a laser weldingbrazing (LWB) process to join zinc-coated steel and aluminium sheets in an overlap geometry. The process is divided into welding of the aluminium sheet and brazing of filler material and molten aluminium sheet onto the zinc-covered steel sheet to avoid the liquid stage of iron. It is possible to join those materials with a single laser beam. However, with a second laser beam, the melt flow can be controlled more effectively and the wetting behaviour can be improved by preheating the zinc-covered steel sheet surface. This is beneficial since the process works without any flux agent. Wetting lengths increase by using this technique and generate a joint that exceeds the tensile strength of the base material. Due to the zinc cover on the steel sheet there are two possible filler materials that have miscibility with zinc as well as aluminium. Zinc based filler materials have the advantage of a lower melting point and thus lower process temperatures. And aluminium based filler wires result in more ductile brazed seams, making it possible to deform such joints in a later application as tailored blanks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molten aluminium material"

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Dower, Liam Timothy. "Corrosion of sialon ceramics by molten aluminium and copper." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366745.

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Roberts, Michael John, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "A Modified Life Cycle Inventory of Aluminium Die Casting." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040825.110759.

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Aluminium die casting is a process used to transform molten aluminium material into automotive gearbox housings, wheels and electronic components, among many other uses. It is used because it is a very efficient method of achieving near net shape with the required mechanical properties. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique used to determine the environmental impacts of a product or process. The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) is the initial phase of an LCA and describes which emissions will occur and which raw materials are used during the life of a product or during a process. This study has improved the LCI technique by adding in manufacturing and other costs to the ISO standardised methods. Although this is not new, the novel application and allocation methods have been developed independently. The improved technique has then been applied to Aluminium High Pressure Die Casting. In applying the improved LCI to this process, the cost in monetary terms and environmental emissions have been determined for a particular component manufactured by this process. A model has been developed in association with an industry partner so this technique can be repeatedly applied and used in the prediction of costs and emissions. This has been tested with two different products. Following this, specialised LCA software modelling of the aluminium high pressure die casting process was conducted. The variations in the process have shown that each particular component will have different costs and emissions and it is not possible to generalise the process by modelling only one component. This study has concentrated on one process within die casting but the techniques developed can be used across any variations in the die casting process.
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Lofstrom, geoff. "Solid Salt Fluxing of Molten Aluminum." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1372269556.

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Silva, Beethoven Max Alves da. "Influencia da microestrutura inicial e material de molde na tixoconformação da liga A356." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263687.

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Orientador: Maria Helena Robert
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho investiga-se a influência da microestrutura inicial e do material do molde na tixoconformação da liga A356. São produzidas e testadas em operações de tixoforjamento pastas obtidas por três distintos processos: fusão parcial controlada de estrutlJ'aS dendríticas grosseiras, fusão parcial controlada de estruturas ultra-refinadas e pastas obtidas por agitação mecânica do líquido durante solidificação. É produzido ainda um compósito A356 + Ab03 obtido por compofundição. Os tixoforjados foram submetidos à análise metalográfica para caracterização microestrutural, medindo-se a fração da fase primária e o tamanho médio de glóbulo ou roseta da fase sólida. Os resultados obtidos mostram a viabilidade da utilização de moldes não metálicos e operações de tixoconformação com produtos de bom acabamento superficial e dimensional. As forças de tixoforjamento são dependentes da condição inicial da matéria-prima, de forma que forças maiores são requeridas com o aumento do parâmetro microestrutural básico (espaçamento interdendrítico, tamanho de glóbulo e tamanho de roseta) da matéria-prima
Abstract: This research aims the influence of initial microstructure and die material on thixofonning of A356 alloy. Obtained slurries are produced and tested in thixoforging operation by three distinct processes: controlled partial melting of coarse dendritic structures, controlled partial melting of ultra-refined structures and obtained slurries by liquid mechanical stirring during solidification. It is still produced a composite A356 + AbO:i obtained by compocasting. Thixoforged samples were submitted to metalographic analysis for microstructural characterisation, measuring the primary phase fraction and globule average size or 50lid phase rosette. Obtained results showed the viability of non-metallic dies in thixoforming operations with good superficial and dimensional finishing produds. Thixoforging forces are dependent on initial condition of raw material, 50 that higher forces are required with the increasing of basic microstructural parameter Onterdentritic spacing, globule size and rosette size) of raw material
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Yoon, Seok-Yeol. "A spectroelectrochemical study of aluminum and magnesium electrolysis in molten chlorides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14796.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1987.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.
Bibliography: leaves 178-188.
by Seok-Yeol Yoon.
Ph.D.
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Nakanishi, Bradley Rex. "On the electrolytic nature of molten aluminum and rare earth oxides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115607.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The electrolytic cell method and its application for Gibbs energy measurement in high temperature, concentrated ionic melts was investigated. Previous challenges related primarily to signal interpretation during decomposition voltage measurement have hindered determination of Gibbs energy. An electrolytic cell method is proposed herein utilizing the sensitivity of large amplitude alternating current voltammetry, which enabled precise measurement of chemical potential during electrolytic decomposition. A novel, containerless approach for electrochemical study of high temperature, reactive electrolytes in a molten pendant droplet is described. For the first time, melts of pure alumina, lanthana and yttria were electrolytically decomposed to metal alloy and oxygen gas using iridium electrodes. The method was validated in molten alumina. Systematic investigation of the half-cell reactions corresponding to oxygen evolution and aluminum deposition revealed their electrochemical nature. Measurements of the chemical potential and partial molar entropy of aluminum in an iridium-rich, binary alloy liquid were obtained in close agreement with previous predictions. The method was extended to the pseudo-binary system molten lanthana-yttria. The results revealed selective extraction of lanthanum and indicated that molten lanthana-yttria does not exhibit ideal mixing behavior, contradicting previous predictions. However, data interpretation in multicomponent electrolyte compositions were challenged primarily by a lack of thermodynamic data for the attendant alloy system and influence of dissolved oxygen on the observed alloy composition. This work represents a pioneering effort for electrochemical operation in molten refractory oxides at temperatures above 2000 K.
by Bradley Rex Nakanishi.
Ph. D.
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Jansson, Sune. "A study on molten steel/slag/refractory reactions during ladle steel refining." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312.

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Watari, Raku. "Electrochemical behavior of a liquid tin electrode in molten ternary salt electrolyte containing sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, and tin chloride." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104316.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-34).
One of the key limitations in the wide-scale adoption of mature renewable energy technologies is the lack of grid-level energy storage solutions. One important figure of merit in these battery systems is a high rate capability to match fluctuating demands for electricity. Molten salt batteries are an attractive option for stationary storage due to fast kinetics and good cycling capability, but high temperatures (>300 °C) limit available materials. In this thesis, the molten NaCl-AlCl3-SnCl2 electrolyte and liquid Sn electrode couple at 250 °C is investigated as part of the potential cell Na I NaCl-AlCl 3-SnCl2 I Sn for a lower temperature molten salt battery. An electrochemical study of the kinetics in the molten salt electrolyte and at the liquid Sn electrode-electrolyte interface is conducted using cyclic voltammetry and the galvanostatic pulse method. The liquid metal electrode is found to have suitably fast kinetics with an exchange current density of 92 mA/cm2. Parameters for a new Na+ conducting membrane are proposed, requiring an ionic conductivity of 0.056 S/cm, which would allow for a hypothetical Na I NaCl-AlC 3-SnCl2 I Sn battery to operate with an energy efficiency of 70%.
by Raku Watari.
S.B.
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Kennerknecht, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Fatigue of Micro Molded Materials - Aluminum Bronze and Yttria Stabilized Zirconia / Tobias Kennerknecht." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.

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Dorico, Erildo. "Moldes de alumina para síntese de nanofios eletrodepositados." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94289.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Florianópolis, 2010
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Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para obtenção de óxido de alumínio nanoporoso em substratos de alumínio obtidos de diferentes processos metalúrgicos e de diferentes graus de pureza do substrato, utilizando a técnica de oxidação anódica (anodização). Para realização dos trabalhos, foi montado um sistema eletroquímico de anodização com temperatura controlada e adaptável aos vários tipos de eletrodos de alumínio. Os produtos obtidos apresentaram excelentes qualidades para uso como moldes para deposição de materiais nanoestruturados. As estruturas de alumina foram caracterizadas por técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão. O preenchimento dos poros da alumina foi realizado por técnicas de eletrodeposição em modo pulsado (de corrente e de potencial) em soluções de sulfatos de ferro, níquel e cobalto, de onde foram produzidos nanofios de ligas magnéticas. Algumas estruturas de alumina preenchidas pelas ligas foram caracterizadas por magnetometria de amostra vibrante, de onde foram obtidas informações a respeito da qualidade morfológica do próprio molde de alumina. Também foi realizado um estudo do comportamento resistivo das estruturas compósitas de alumina e nanofios mediante aplicação de tensões elétricas. A caracterização dos nanofios, extraídos após a dissolução dos moldes de alumina, foi obtida por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão.
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Book chapters on the topic "Molten aluminium material"

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Peterson, Ray D., and Garry G. Blagg. "Transportation of Molten Aluminum." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 857–66. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch75.

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Senanu, Samuel, Arne Petter Ratvik, Zhaohui Wang, and Tor Grande. "Wetting of Carbon Cathodes by Molten Electrolyte and Aluminium." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 699–707. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_92.

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Dion-Martin, Olivier, Jean-Francois Desmeules, and Robert Dumont. "Molten Aluminium Transfer: Review and Comparison of Different Technologies." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 769–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_101.

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Eckert, C. Edward, and Brian Cochran. "The Importance of Metal Quality in Molten Secondary Aluminum." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 919–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch82.

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Zhu, Bo Quan, Xue Dong Li, Rui Hao, and Hou Zhi Wang. "Preparation of Mullite Powder by Aluminum Sulfate and Silica in Molten Sodium Sulfate." In Key Engineering Materials, 924–26. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.924.

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Lee, Gyuchang, Myounggyun Kim, and Joonpyo Park. "Elimination of Iron in Molten Aluminum Scrap by Electromagnetic Stirring Technique." In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 1041–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_127.

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Hixson, Brett E., Claude Dube, and Dawid D. Smith. "The Influence of Melt Charge Materials on Molten Metal Quality at JW Aluminum." In Light Metals 2015, 983–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093435.ch165.

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Hixson, Brett E., Claude Dube, and Dawid D. Smith. "The Influence of Melt Charge Materials on Molten Metal Quality at JW Aluminum." In Light Metals 2015, 983–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48248-4_165.

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Oosumi, Dr Kenji, Yutaka Nagakura, Ryuhei Masuda, Yasuhiko Watanabe, and Tomoya Ohzono. "Development of New Filter for Removal of Non-Metallic Inclusions from the Molten Aluminum." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 951–64. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch84.

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Ding, Ting, Junfeng Su, Henry Hu, Xueyuan Nie, and Ronald M. Barron. "Mathematical Modeling of Heat Transfer and Thermal Behaviour of Tool Steel H13 in Molten Aluminum Alloy A380." In Materials Processing Fundamentals, 99–108. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118662199.ch11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Molten aluminium material"

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Zhang, Zhi-gang, and Ken-ichiro Sugiyama. "Fragmentation of a Single Molten Stainless Steel and Aluminum Droplet Penetrating a Sodium Pool." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29523.

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In order to clarify the fragmentation of molten core structural material (stainless steel) and molten metallic fuel and claddings on liquid phase formed by metallurgical reactions (liquefaction temperature = 650°C) during core disruptive accidents (CDAs), the present study focuses on the fragmentation of single molten stainless steel (316SS) and aluminum droplet penetrating a sodium pool. The temperatures of 3–5g molten aluminum droplets were 1002 to 1399°C, and the sodium pool was about 300°C. The instantaneous contact interface temperatures (Ti) between the molten aluminum droplets and liquid sodium were calculated to be from 741°C below the boiling point of sodium (Tc,bp) to 1019°C above Tc,bp. The temperatures of 5g molten 316SS droplets were 1510 to 1706°C, and the temperatures of sodium pool vary about 300–400°C. The Ti values between the molten 316SS droplets and liquid sodium were calculated to be from 916 to 1082°C. Fragmentation of the single molten aluminum droplet was clearly observed even at Ti ≪ Tc,bp. When Ti is approximately equal to or higher than the boiling point, the intensive fragmentation of droplet was clearly observed independent of Wea condition. Fragmentation of the single molten 316SS droplet was clearly observed even at Ti below its melting point. The Dm values of aluminum and 316SS droplets with relatively high Wea tend to be lower than those of droplets with relatively low Wea under the relatively low Ti condition. These results indicate the fragmentation of the molten core structural material and eutectic alloy fuels in liquid phase formed by the metallurgical reactions could possibly occur under the low Ti condition below and above the sodium boiling point, which is promising to assure the termination of accidents in CDAs and useful to the core design with enhanced safety in FBRs.
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Mun, Jiwon, Matthew Busse, Jaehyung Ju, and James Thurman. "Multilevel Metal Flow-Fill Analysis of Centrifugal Casting for Indirect Additive Manufacturing of Lattice Structures." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52270.

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The centrifugal casting is a classical manufacturing method and it has been widely studied. However, when it comes to manufacture thin walled lattice materials with complex three-dimensional meso-structures, a multiscale flow-fill analysis may be needed for macro-filling at the sprue system and micro-filling at lattice structures. On the micro-filing analysis for a thin walled lattice structure, the surface tension of molten metal appears to be an important factor. On the other hand, flow inertia may affect the flow-filling process more than the surface tension of molten metal does. Our hypothesis is that there exist a range of ratios of cell wall thickness to length that are primarily affected by surface tension or density. From comparison with two different molten metals — aluminum and copper alloys, we can estimate the characteristic of flow, which will be of benefit when designing lattice structures and selecting materials for the manufacturing process. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis by constructing an analytical model on flow filling of molten metals (aluminum alloy and copper alloy) associated with manufacturing lattice structures. The Naiver-Stokes equation with surface tension is considered for modeling of the flow of molten metal along the micro-channel of lattice structures and is numerically implemented with MATLAB. Temperature dependent properties of the liquid metals; e.g., density, viscosity, and conductivity, are considered for building the analytical model. Numerical simulations with a commercial code, ANSYS are conducted using a user defined function. Experimental validation is followed to manufacture a cubic truss lattice structure with a varying wall thickness; 0.5–1mm. Two molten metals — aluminum alloy and copper alloy are used for filling the mold at the centrifugal casting system. The mold is prepared by removing sacrificial lattice patterns made by a polyjet 3D printer. The preliminary result shows that the final lattice structures with an aluminum alloy through the 3D printing of sacrificial pattern followed by centrifugal casting have relatively good flow filling property at thin wall thickness (∼0.5mm) due to low surface tension of aluminum alloy. On the other hand, the high surface tension of a copper alloy prevents flow-fill to micro-channel mold cavity, resulting in early solidification. The indirect additive manufacturing based casting shows an excellent surface quality, which can be used for manufacturing cellular structures. A coupled flow and heat transfer of molten metal successfully simulate flow-fill and solidification and is compared with the experiment. Faster filling-time and faster solidification for the temperature-dependent material properties were shown.
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3

Ihara, Ikuo, Dikky Burhan, and Yoshihisa Seda. "Ultrasonic In-Situ Monitoring of Aluminum Alloy During Solidification and Melting." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2820.

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In both research and production involving solidification of materials, it would be beneficial to have an in-situ, real-time characterization of the material properties during solidification process. In this work ultrasonic in-situ monitoring of aluminum alloy (Al-12.6%Si) during solidification and melting using a high temperature ultrasonic sensor is presented. The ultrasonic sensor used mainly consists of a conventional piezoelectric transducer, a titanium buffer rod as an acoustic waveguide and a cooling system. A steel reflector is assembled at the probing end of the sensor to make time-of-flight measurements. The sustainability of the sensor has been evaluated for long time immersion up to 16 hours in the molten aluminum alloy and the possible reaction at the outer wall of the titanium rod has been examined. It has been demonstrated that the titanium buffer rod has good wettability and sustainability to molten aluminum. Using the ultrasonic sensor, pulse echo measurements with the aluminum alloy have been performed in temperature range from 200 to 800 °C. The changes of the longitudinal velocity of the aluminum alloy during solidification and melting processes have been successfully monitored. In addition the change in the amplitude of reflected echoes during solidification is discussed.
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4

Zirari, M., A. Abdellah El-Hadj, and N. Bacha. "The dynamics of the rapid solidification of two successive aluminum particles in molten state." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE CONGRESS. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4849232.

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5

Li, C. J., J. L. Li, W. B. Wang, A. Ohmori, and K. Tani. "Effect of Particle-Substrate Materials Combinations on Morphology of Plasma Sprayed Splats." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0481.

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Abstract The structure and morphology of plasma sprayed splats are experimentally investigated using different droplet materials and substrate materials. Droplet materials include aluminum, copper, nickel and refractory metals such as molybdenum and tungsten, and substrate materials include aluminum, stainless steel, and molybdenum plates. The results show that the splashing occurs during the splatting of a completely molten droplet. Most splats formed by droplets molten completely are only central part of the ideal disk type ones, which are defined as the annulus-ringed disk-like splat. It is found that the morphology of such annulus-ringed disk-like splat is greatly influenced by the combination of droplet and substrate materials depending on whether substrate melting occurs. With the combinations of droplet and substrate materials which are of similar thermal properties the splashing of central area of splat tends to occur to present a honeycomb structure at the center of splat. When droplet impacting can cause melting of substrate annulus-ringed splat prefers to present a split type. The flattening ratio of an annulus-ringed disk splat is typically less than 2.
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Leylavergne, M., A. Grimaud, P. Fauchais, T. Chartier, and J. F. Baumard. "PTA Reclamation of Cast Iron and Aluminum Alloys Substrate with NiCu Film Deposited by Tape Casting." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0373.

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Abstract Plasma transferred arc (PTA) is now currently used for reclamation of worn materials or to provide wear or corrosion resistant coatings welded to the base material. However, the powder injection in the molten pool created at the coated part surface is a critical parameter. In order to avoid coating reproducibility problems induced by the powder feed rate, the way to coat substrate surface with powder before the PTA treatment has been studied. As the powder cannot simply be deposited onto the substrate because of the plasma flow which would blow it off before melting it, tape casting process was used to obtain an adherent powder layer on the material surface. In this paper, tape casting of NiCu particles is described and the different organic additives used to obtain a homogeneous nickel copper film on cast iron and AG3 aluminum alloys are presented. The first results of the treatment of these films by PTA reclamation are then shown.
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7

Hamid, Abdulhaqq Q., Sataish C. Jain, Prakriti K. Ghosh, and Subrata Ray. "Cast In-Situ Al (Mg,Mo)-Al2O3 (MoO3) Composite: Characterization and Tribological Behavior." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79835.

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Aluminum alloy-based cast in-situ composite has been synthesized by dispersion of externally added molybdenum trioxide particles (MoO3) in molten aluminum at the processing temperature of 850 °C. During processing, displacement reaction between molten aluminum and MoO3 particles, results in formation of alumina particles in-situ also releases molybdenum into molten aluminum. A part of this molybdenum forms solid -solution with aluminum and the remaining part reacts with aluminum to form intermetallic phase Mo(Al1−xFex)12 of different morphologies. Magnesium (Mg) is added to the melt in order to help wetting of alumina particles generated in-situ, by molten aluminum and help to retain these particles inside the melt. The mechanical properties (ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, percentage elongation and hardness) of the cast in-situ composite are relatively higher than those observed either in cast commercial aluminum or in cast Al-Mo alloys. The wear and friction of the resulting cast in-situ Al(Mg, Mo)Al2O3(MoO3) composites have been investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine, at different normal loads of 9.8, 14.7, 19.6, 24.5, 29.4, 34.3 and 39.2 N and a constant sliding speed of 1.05 m/s, under dry sliding conditions. The results indicate that the cumulative volume loss and wear rate of cast in-situ composites are significantly lower than those observed either in cast commercial aluminum or in cast Al-Mo alloy, under similar load and sliding conditions. Beyond about 30-35 N loads, there appears to be a higher rate of increase in the wear rate in the cast in-situ composite as well as in cast commercial aluminum and cast Al-Mo alloy. For a given normal load, the coefficient of friction of cast in-situ composite is significantly lower than those observed either in cast commercial aluminum or cast Al-Mo alloy. The coefficient of friction of cast in-situ composite increases gradually with increasing normal load while those observed in cast commercial aluminum or cast Al-Mo alloy remain more or less the same. Beyond a critical normal load of about 30-35 N, the coefficient of friction decreases with increasing normal load in all the three materials.
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Yuan, Fuping, and Vikas Prakash. "Dynamic Slip Resistance at Metal-on-Metal Interfaces." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15383.

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In the present study plate-impact pressure-shear friction experiments were employed to investigate dynamic slip resistance and time-resolved growth of molten metal films during dry metal-on-metal slip under extreme interfacial conditions. By employing tribo-pairs comprising hard tool-steel against relatively low melt-point metals such as 7075-T6 aluminum alloy, interfacial friction stress of up to 300 MPa and slip speeds of approximately 250 m/s have been achieved. These relatively extreme interfacial conditions are conducive to the development of molten metal films at the tribo-pair interface. A Lagrangian finite element code is developed to understand the evolution of the thermo-mechanical fields and their relationship to the observed slip response. The code accounts for dynamic effects, heat conduction, contact with friction, and full thermo-mechanical coupling. At temperatures below the melting point the material is described as an isotropic thermally softening elastic-viscoplastic solid. For material elements with temperatures in excess of the melt temperature a purely Newtonian fluid constitutive model is employed. The results of the hybrid experimental-computational study provide new insights into the thermoelastic-plastic interactions during high speed metal-on-metal slip. During the early part of friction slip the coefficient of kinetic friction is observed to decrease with increasing slip velocity. During the later part transition in interfacial slip occurs from dry metal-on-metal sliding to the formation of molten A1 films at the tribo-pair interface. Under these conditions the interfacial resistance approaches the shear strength of the molten aluminum alloy under normal pressures of approximately 1-4.5 GPa and shear strain rates of ~ 107 s-1. It is interesting to note that the dynamic shear resistance of molten metal films decreases from ~100 MPa to ~50 MPa when the initial slip velocities increase from ~100m/s to ~250 m/s. Scanning electron microscopy of the slip surfaces reveal molten aluminum to be smeared on the tribo-pair interface. Photo-micrographs of the cross-section of the 7075-T6 A1 alloy reveals a thin region of severe shearing deformation in close vicinity of the sliding surface. The shearing deformation manifests itself as severely deformed grains in the direction of the sliding.
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Riley, Senta, John E. Wentz, and John Angeli. "Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Analysis Comparison of Stamped Aluminum and Injection Molded Polypropylene Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65437.

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Wind turbines have seen increasing use over the past decades as an alternative mode of energy production. One specific use of vertical axis wind turbines is for the powering of rural telecommunication towers. In this research a cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis is used to compare three different designs for a stackable, capped, Savonius-style vertical axis wind turbine blade capable of producing from one to three kilowatts. The analysis compares the energy consumed and carbon dioxide emissions from material production and manufacturing of two different aluminum blade designs and a polypropylene design each having the same energy generation capacity. Primary and secondary aluminum materials were included in the analysis. Life cycle inventories from two software programs were used and compared with values gleaned from published literature. The results of the analysis revealed that the least energy and carbon dioxide impact came from using a recycled aluminum design while the most was from manufacturing using primary aluminum.
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Gill, David D., Nathan P. Siegel, Robert W. Bradshaw, and Clifford K. Ho. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of an Apparatus for Material Compatibility Testing in Nitrate Salts at Temperatures Up to 700°C." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54250.

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Thermal energy storage is one of the key differentiators between Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and other renewable energy technologies. Molten salt is an effective and affordable method of storing thermal energy. Current salt storage systems charge at temperatures between 390°C and 585°C (oil filled parabolic trough systems to molten salt towers). It is highly desirable to increase the operating temperature of salt storage systems in order to increase the efficiency of the power cycle and to permit the use of alternative, high-temperature cycles. However, higher salt temperatures cause increased reactivity and thus increased corrosion rates in many materials. In order to utilize molten salt at higher temperature, it is necessary to test and understand these corrosion interactions at elevated temperature. A corrosion test system has been designed and built for evaluating molten salt/material interactions to 700°C. The primary components of this system are several salt containment vessels that are constructed of 6″ dia. × 24″ long stainless steel, aluminum diffusion treated pipes with flat plate welded to one end and a flanged lid on the other. The vessels are designed to operate with a charge of 10 kg of molten salt and accommodate a “sample tree” on which corrosion test coupons may be suspended. The salt vessels are heated and insulated on the bottom half, roughly to the salt fill level, and cooled on the top half to protect the flange gasket and feedthrough ports. The samples trees have a stainless plate that reduces radiative heat transfer from the molten salt to the lid. Finite element analysis was performed to determine the pipe length and heating and cooling requirements to maintain molten salt at 700°C while limiting the lid gasket to 300°C or less. The vessels are designed to have an oxygen atmosphere in the ullage region to mitigate nitrate decomposition. Oxygen systems for operation at 700°C require careful design including the sizing, routing, cleanliness, and material selection of components in order to reduce risk of fire. Additionally, the system is designed to run at 1–2 psig which requires specialized low pressure / high temperature components. In this paper we present the design of the molten salt corrosion test system including details related to the containment vessels, oxygen handling system, and control software along with a discussion of the safety considerations necessary for these high temperature, high oxygen partial pressure tests.
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