Academic literature on the topic 'Molecules - Biological Interests'
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Journal articles on the topic "Molecules - Biological Interests"
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Verma, Amita, Sunil Joshi, and Deepika Singh. "Imidazole: Having Versatile Biological Activities." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/329412.
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Imidazoles have occupied a unique position in heterocyclic chemistry, and its derivatives have attracted considerable interests in recent years for their versatile properties in chemistry and pharmacology. Imidazole is nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which possesses biological and pharmaceutical importance. Thus, imidazole compounds have been an interesting source for researchers for more than a century. The imidazole ring is a constituent of several important natural products, including purine, histamine, histidine, and nucleic acid. Being a polar and ionisable aromatic compound, it improves pharmacokinetic characteristics of lead molecules and thus is used as a remedy to optimize solubility and bioavailability parameters of proposed poorly soluble lead molecules. There are several methods used for the synthesis of imidazole-containing compounds, and also their various structure reactions offer enormous scope in the field of medicinal chemistry. The imidazole derivatives possess extensive spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antitubercular, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-HIV activities. This paper aims to review the biological activities of imidazole during the past years.
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Bilal, Muhammad, Leonardo Vieira Nunes, Marco Thúlio Saviatto Duarte, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Renato Nery Soriano, and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal. "Exploitation of Marine-Derived Robust Biological Molecules to Manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Marine Drugs 19, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19040196.
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Naturally occurring biological entities with extractable and tunable structural and functional characteristics, along with therapeutic attributes, are of supreme interest for strengthening the twenty-first-century biomedical settings. Irrespective of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, traditional medicinal practices to address and manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inefficient and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The reasonable immune response or invasion should also be circumvented for successful clinical translation of engineered cues as highly efficient and robust bioactive entities. In this context, research is underway worldwide, and researchers have redirected or regained their interests in valorizing the naturally occurring biological entities/resources, for example, algal biome so-called “treasure of untouched or underexploited sources”. Algal biome from the marine environment is an immense source of excellence that has also been demonstrated as a source of bioactive compounds with unique chemical, structural, and functional features. Moreover, the molecular modeling and synthesis of new drugs based on marine-derived therapeutic and biological cues can show greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Herein, an effort has been made to cover the existing literature gap on the exploitation of naturally occurring biological entities/resources to address and efficiently manage IBD. Following a brief background study, a focus was given to design characteristics, performance evaluation of engineered cues, and point-of-care IBD therapeutics of diverse bioactive compounds from the algal biome. Noteworthy potentialities of marine-derived biologically active compounds have also been spotlighted to underlying the impact role of bio-active elements with the related pathways. The current review is also focused on the applied standpoint and clinical translation of marine-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives are also given in this review.
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Wehbe, Rim, Jacinthe Frangieh, Mohamad Rima, Dany El Obeid, Jean-Marc Sabatier, and Ziad Fajloun. "Bee Venom: Overview of Main Compounds and Bioactivities for Therapeutic Interests." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162997.
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Apitherapy is an alternate therapy that relies on the usage of honeybee products, most importantly bee venom for the treatment of many human diseases. The venom can be introduced into the human body by manual injection or by direct bee stings. Bee venom contains several active molecules such as peptides and enzymes that have advantageous potential in treating inflammation and central nervous system diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, bee venom has shown promising benefits against different types of cancer as well as anti-viral activity, even against the challenging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many studies described biological activities of bee venom components and launched preclinical trials to improve the potential use of apitoxin and its constituents as the next generation of drugs. The aim of this review is to summarize the main compounds of bee venom, their primary biological properties, mechanisms of action, and their therapeutic values in alternative therapy strategies.
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Boss, Alan P., William M. Irvine, Karen J. Meech, Cristiano B. Cosmovici, Pascale F. Ehrenfreund, David W. Latham, David Morrison, and Stephane Udry. "COMMISSION 51: BIOASTRONOMY." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, T27A (December 2008): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308025453.
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Bioastronomy: Search for Extraterrestrial Life was established as Commission 51 of the IAU in 1982. The objectives of the commission included: the search for planets around other stars; the search for radio transmissions, intentional or unintentional, of extraterrestrial origin; the search for biologically relevant interstellar molecules and the study of their formation processes; detection methods for potential spectroscopic evidence of biological activity; the coordination of efforts in all these areas at the international level and the establishment of collaborative programs with other international scientific societies with related interests. In 2006, Commission 51 was renamed simply Bioastronomy at the IAU General Assembly in Prague, and approved for the next six years, the default extension for an IAU Commission.
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Murad, Ferid. "Discovery of Some of the Biological Effects of Nitric Oxide and its Role in Cell Signaling." Bioscience Reports 19, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1020265417394.
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The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past 22 years has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology with more than 20,000 publications to date. Nitric oxide is a gas and free radical with an unshared electron that can regulate an ever-growing list of biological processes. In many instances nitric oxide mediates its biological effects by activating guanylyl cyclase and increasing cyclic GMP synthesis from GTP. However, the list of effects of nitric oxide that are independent of cyclic GMP is also growing at a rapid rate. For example, nitric oxide can interact with transition metals such as iron, thiol groups, other free radicals, oxygen, superoxide anion, unsaturated fatty acids and other molecules. Some of these reactions result in the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrite and nitrate to terminate its effect, while other reactions can lead to altered protein structure, function, and/or catalytic capacity. These diverse effects of nitric oxide that are either cyclic GMP dependent or independent can alter and regulate important physiological and biochemical events in cell regulation and function. Nitric oxide can function as an intracellular messenger, an autacoid, a paracrine substance, a neurotransmitter, or as a hormone that can be carried to distant sites for effects. Thus, it is a unique simple molecule with an array of signaling functions. However, as with any messenger molecule, there can be too little or too much of the substance and pathological events result. Some of the methods to regulate either nitric oxide formation, metabolism, or function have been in clinical use for more than a century as with the use of organic nitrates and nitroglycerin in angina pectoris that was initiated in the 1870's. Current and future research with nitric oxide and cyclic GMP will undoubtedly expand the clinicians' therapeutic armamentarium to manage a number of important diseases by perturbing nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation and metabolism. Such promise and expectations have obviously fueled the interests in these signaling molecules for a growing list of potential therapeutic applications.
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Murad, Ferid. "Discovery of Some of the Biological Effects of Nitric Oxide and its Role in Cell Signaling." Bioscience Reports 24, no. 4-5 (August 10, 2004): 452–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2741-8.
Full textAbstract:
The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past 22 years has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology with more than 20,000 publications to date. Nitric oxide is a gas and free radical with an unshared electron that can regulate an ever-growing list of biological processes. In many instances nitric oxide mediates its biological effects by activating guanylyl cyclase and increasing cyclic GMP synthesis from GTP. However, the list of effects of nitric oxide that are independent of cyclic GMP is also growing at a rapid rate. For example, nitric oxide can interact with transition metals such as iron, thiol groups, other free radicals, oxygen, superoxide anion, unsaturated fatty acids and other molecules. Some of these reactions result in the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrite and nitrate to terminate its effect, while other reactions can lead to altered protein structure, function, and/or catalytic capacity. These diverse effects of nitric oxide that are either cyclic GMP dependent or independent can alter and regulate important physiological and biochemical events in cell regulation and function. Nitric oxide can function as an intracellular messenger, an autacoid, a paracrine substance, a neurotransmitter, or as a hormone that can be carried to distant sites for effects. Thus, it is a unique simple molecule with an array of signaling functions. However, as with any messenger molecule, there can be too little or too much of the substance and pathological events result. Some of the methods to regulate either nitric oxide formation, metabolism, or function have been in clinical use for more than a century as with the use of organic nitrates and nitroglycerin in angina pectoris that was initiated in the 1870's. Current and future research with nitric oxide and cyclic GMP will undoubtedly expand the clinicians' therapeutic armamentarium to manage a number of important diseases by perturbing nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation and metabolism. Such promise and expectations have obviously fueled the interests in these signaling molecules for a growing list of potential therapeutic applications.
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Wang, Yu-Huan, Qian-Fan Yang, Xiao Lin, Die Chen, Zhi-Yin Wang, Bin Chen, Hua-Yi Han, et al. "G4LDB 2.2: a database for discovering and studying G-quadruplex and i-Motif ligands." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. D1 (October 29, 2021): D150—D160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab952.
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Abstract Noncanonical nucleic acid structures, such as G-quadruplex (G4) and i-Motif (iM), have attracted increasing research interests because of their unique structural and binding properties, as well as their important biological activities. To date, thousands of small molecules that bind to varying G4/iM structures have been designed, synthesized and tested for diverse chemical and biological uses. Because of the huge potential and increasing research interests on G4-targeting ligands, we launched the first G4 ligand database G4LDB in 2013. Here, we report a new version, termed G4LDB 2.2 (http://www.g4ldb.com), with upgrades in both content and function. Currently, G4LDB2.2 contains >3200 G4/iM ligands, ∼28 500 activity entries and 79 G4–ligand docking models. In addition to G4 ligand library, we have also added a brand new iM ligand library to G4LDB 2.2, providing a comprehensive view of quadruplex nucleic acids. To further enhance user experience, we have also redesigned the user interface and optimized the database structure and retrieval mechanism. With these improvements, we anticipate that G4LDB 2.2 will serve as a comprehensive resource and useful research toolkit for researchers across wide scientific communities and accelerate discovering and validating better binders and drug candidates.
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Di Costanzo, Luigi, and Barbara Panunzi. "Visual pH Sensors: From a Chemical Perspective to New Bioengineered Materials." Molecules 26, no. 10 (May 16, 2021): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102952.
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Many human activities and cellular functions depend upon precise pH values, and pH monitoring is considered a fundamental task. Colorimetric and fluorescence sensors for pH measurements are chemical and biochemical tools able to sense protons and produce a visible signal. These pH sensors are gaining widespread attention as non-destructive tools, visible to the human eye, that are capable of a real-time and in-situ response. Optical “visual” sensors are expanding researchers’ interests in many chemical contexts and are routinely used for biological, environmental, and medical applications. In this review we provide an overview of trending colorimetric, fluorescent, or dual-mode responsive visual pH sensors. These sensors include molecular synthetic organic sensors, metal organic frameworks (MOF), engineered sensing nanomaterials, and bioengineered sensors. We review different typological chemical entities of visual pH sensors, three-dimensional structures, and signaling mechanisms for pH sensing and applications; developed in the past five years. The progression of this review from simple organic molecules to biological macromolecules seeks to benefit beginners and scientists embarking on a project of pH sensing development, who needs background information and a quick update on advances in the field. Lessons learned from these tools will aid pH determination projects and provide new ways of thinking for cell bioimaging or other cutting-edge in vivo applications.
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Sheth, Tejas, C. S. Pitchumoni, and Kiron M. Das. "Management of Musculoskeletal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/387891.
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Musculoskeletal manifestations are the most common extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases. Some appendicular manifestations are independent of gut inflammation and are treated with standard anti-inflammatory strategies. On the other hand, axial involvement is linked to gut inflammatory activity; hence, there is a considerable amount of treatment overlap. Biological therapies have revolutionized management of inflammatory bowel diseases as well as of associated articular manifestations. Newer mechanisms driving gut associated arthropathy have surfaced in the past decade and have enhanced our interests in novel treatment targets. Introduction of biosimilar molecules is expected in the US market in the near future and will provide an opportunity for considerable cost savings on healthcare. A multidisciplinary approach involving a gastroenterologist, rheumatologist, and physical therapist is ideal for these patients.
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Tarley, Cesar. "Chemical Imprinting Technology Applied to Analytical Chemistry: Current Status and Future Outlook in Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry 9, no. 35 (April 11, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter.crtarley.n35.
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Chemical imprinting technologies based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) have been widely applied in different fields of analytical chemistry since their discoveries in 19721 and 19762, respectively. MIPs and IIPs are considered biomimetic materials with tailor-made synthetic receptors and are, essentially, obtained by co-polymerization of functional and cross-linking monomers in the presence of a target analyte (a molecule for MIPs and an ion for IIPs). The great advantages of these materials over biological recognition systems include their relatively low cost, quick preparation, and, most importantly, their stability in different media. To date, these biomimetic materials have experienced a rapid development with wide applications in electrochemical sensors, luminescence sensors, separation science, sample preparation, and more specific sensor applications such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. In addition, they have been applied for analysis of samples of environmental, food, and forensic interests, as well as for disease diagnostics.3-8 Figure 1 depicts the increasing number of published papers per year over the past 20 years on the topic of MIPs and IIPs; as expected, most of these papers are devoted to the chemical imprinting of molecules.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molecules - Biological Interests"
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Strawbridge, Sharon Mary. "Redox-active sensors for molecules of biological interest." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414263.
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Barbany, Puig Montserrat. "Three Dimensional Simulitary of Molecules with biological interest on the basis of molecular interaction potentials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7146.
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Una de les àrees més prometedores en recerca biomèdica i farmacèutica és el disseny molecular computacional, que intenta establir relacions entre propietats físico-químiques i activitat biològica. L'èxit d'aquestes tècniques depen críticament de la qualitat de la descripció molecular. En aquest sentit, metodologies basades en potencials d'interacció molecular (MIP) són eines útils per la comparació de compostos que presenten comportaments biològics semblants.
Aquest projecte desenvolupa eines per comparar molècules basades en la caracterització de llurs MIPs. El programa de similaritat molecular MIPsim ha estat desenvolupat i aplicat a diferents problemes biològics.
Aquesta tesi consisteix en quatre estudis científics que mostren l'ús del MIPSim en aliniament molecular, catalisi enzimàtica, en acoratge de molècules dins el lligand i en estudis 3D-QSAR.
One of the most promising areas in biomedical and pharmaceutical research is computer assisted molecular design, which tries to stablish relationships between physicochemical properties and biological activity.
The success of these techniques depends critically on the quality of the molecular description. In this sense, methodologies based on molecular interaction potentials (MIP) are useful tools for the comparison of compounds displaying related biological behaviours.
This project aims to develop tools to compare 'molecules based on the characterization 'of their MIPs. To this end, the molecular similarity program MIPSim has been further developed and applied to different biological problems.
This thesis consists on four scientific studies showing the use of MIPSim for molecular alignment, enzymatic catalysis, ligand-protein docking and 3D-QSAR analyses.
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Wood, Stephen Derek. "Crystallographic studies of molecules of biological and chemical interest." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337886.
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Pinto, Rui Montenegro Val-do-Rio. "Photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen containing molecules of biological and industrial interest." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7077.
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Castrovilli, Mattea Carmen <1985>. "Elemetary processes of radiation damage in organic molecules of biological interest." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6386/1/Castrovilli_MatteaCarmen_tesi.pdf.
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It was observed in the ‘80s that the radiation damage on biological systems strongly depends on processes occurring at the microscopic level, involving the elementary constituents of biological cells. Since then, lot of attention has been paid to study elementary processes of photo- and ion-chemistry of isolated organic molecule of biological interest. This work fits in this framework and aims to study the radiation damage mechanisms induced by different types of radiations on simple halogenated biomolecules used as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The research is focused on the photofragmentation of halogenated pyrimidine molecules (5Br-pyrimidine, 2Br-pyrimidine and 2Cl-pyrimidine) in the VUV range and on the 12C4+ ion-impact fragmentation of the 5Br-uracil and its homogeneous and hydrated clusters.
Although halogen substituted pyrimidines have similar structure to the pyrimidine molecule, their photodissociation dynamics is quite different. These targets have been chosen with the purpose of investigating the effect of the specific halogen atom and site of halogenation on the fragmentation dynamics. Theoretical and experimental studies have highlighted that the site of halogenation and the type of halogen atom, lead either to the preferential breaking of the pyrimidinic ring or to the release of halogen/hydrogen radicals. The two processes can subsequently trigger different mechanisms of biological damage.
To understand the effect of the environment on the fragmentation dynamic of the single molecule, the ion-induced fragmentation of homogenous and hydrated clusters of 5Br-uracil have been studied and compared to similar studies on the isolated molecule.
The results show that the “protective effect” of the environment on the single molecule hold in the homogeneous clusters, but not in the hydrated clusters, where several hydrated fragments have been observed. This indicates that the presence of water molecules can inhibit some fragmentation channels and promote the keto-enol tautomerization, which is very important in the mutagenesis of the DNA.
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Castrovilli, Mattea Carmen <1985>. "Elemetary processes of radiation damage in organic molecules of biological interest." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6386/.
Full textAbstract:
It was observed in the ‘80s that the radiation damage on biological systems strongly depends on processes occurring at the microscopic level, involving the elementary constituents of biological cells. Since then, lot of attention has been paid to study elementary processes of photo- and ion-chemistry of isolated organic molecule of biological interest. This work fits in this framework and aims to study the radiation damage mechanisms induced by different types of radiations on simple halogenated biomolecules used as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The research is focused on the photofragmentation of halogenated pyrimidine molecules (5Br-pyrimidine, 2Br-pyrimidine and 2Cl-pyrimidine) in the VUV range and on the 12C4+ ion-impact fragmentation of the 5Br-uracil and its homogeneous and hydrated clusters.
Although halogen substituted pyrimidines have similar structure to the pyrimidine molecule, their photodissociation dynamics is quite different. These targets have been chosen with the purpose of investigating the effect of the specific halogen atom and site of halogenation on the fragmentation dynamics. Theoretical and experimental studies have highlighted that the site of halogenation and the type of halogen atom, lead either to the preferential breaking of the pyrimidinic ring or to the release of halogen/hydrogen radicals. The two processes can subsequently trigger different mechanisms of biological damage.
To understand the effect of the environment on the fragmentation dynamic of the single molecule, the ion-induced fragmentation of homogenous and hydrated clusters of 5Br-uracil have been studied and compared to similar studies on the isolated molecule.
The results show that the “protective effect” of the environment on the single molecule hold in the homogeneous clusters, but not in the hydrated clusters, where several hydrated fragments have been observed. This indicates that the presence of water molecules can inhibit some fragmentation channels and promote the keto-enol tautomerization, which is very important in the mutagenesis of the DNA.
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RIVA, BENEDETTA. "investigating the functionalization of colloidal nanoparticles with small molecules of biological interest." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/153282.
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1) Developement of radio-labelled SNPs for the targeted detection and treatment of Her2-positive breast cancer.Aim of this work was to develop a SNP-based system loaded with radioactive/fluorescent probes and functionalized with the half-chain of a monoclonal antibody, Trastuzumab, which specifically recognizes the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), overexpressed in 25-30% of human breast tumours. The silica core was covalently functionalized with FITC, further protected by a 10 nm silica shell and stabilized in saline buffer by means of differently terminated PEGs (SNP). Such nanoparticles were then conjugated with Trastuzumab half-chain (SNP-TZ). Finally, both SNP and SNP-TZ were derivatized with nitrilo-triacetic acid and labelled with 99mTc-Tricarbonyl complex, giving rise to SNP-NTA and SNP-NTA-TZ NPs. The functionalization steps were monitored both by size and z-potential measurements and the impact of each chemical moietiy on the NP behaviour in cells was assessed in prelabeling in vitro experiments comparing SNP, SNP-NTA, SNP-TZ and SNP-NTA-TZ. Targeting specificity of TZ-functionalized or TZ-free SNPs was studied in in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experiments, both employing fluorescence and radionuclide techniques. Our results suggested that active targeting provided higher efficiency and selectivity in tumor detection compared to passive diffusion, confirming that our synthetic strategy provided stable nanoconjugates and did not affect their binding efficiency to HER2 expressing cells.2) Development of doxorubicin-loaded nonporous SNPs.
Nonporous SNPs were chosen as the starting point to produce different drug carriers, bearing the well-known anticancer drug doxorubicin. Different silica nanoformulations containing the well-known anticancer drug doxorubicin were compared: OuterDox NPs, in which doxorubicin was covalently linked on the silica surface, InnerDox NPs, in which the chemotherapeutic was covalently immobilized in the core of the same particles and DoubleDox NPs, containing the drug both externally and internally.The nanoformulations were studied in terms of carrier degradation and payload release in physiological conditions.The in vitro efficiency was also investigated.3)Development of glutathione-sensitive apoferritin NPs for the controlled delivery of luciferin.Although bioluminescence imaging has been successfully used in a variety of applications to obtain information regarding biological processes in vivo, the detection of photon emission is limited by the short half-life of luciferin (less than 30 minutes), its modest cell penetration and inhomogeneous diffusion into different tissues. In this context, we developed a glutathione-sensitive NP for stimuli-responsive release of luciferin within cancer cells. The nanoconjugate bears luciferin by means of a disulfide containing linker (Luc-linker), which, in the presence of a reducing agent, undergoes an intramolecular cyclization reaction that results in the release of free luciferin. The correct luciferin release mechanism was checked in cell-free in vitro bioluminescence tests: an abundant photon production was detected when Luc-linker was preincubated with DTT and then reacted with luciferase, while no light emission was seen without DTT pretreatment. Luc-linker was then attached to apoferritin (HFn) NP surface, exploiting the free thiol groups of cysteine residues, leading to Luc-linker@HFn NPs.After the conjugation, an HPLC method was developed for the quantification of conjugation efficiency and drug loading, requiring a preliminary separation of the linker from the hosting HFn NPs. The Luc-linker@HFn was then tested in vitro to initially elucidate the bioluminescent kinetics and compare the luminous signal to the one of nanoparticle-free luciferin.1) Developement of radio-labelled SNPs for the targeted detection and treatment of Her2-positive breast cancer.Aim of this work was to develop a SNP-based system loaded with radioactive/fluorescent probes and functionalized with the half-chain of a monoclonal antibody, Trastuzumab, which specifically recognizes the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), overexpressed in 25-30% of human breast tumours. The silica core was covalently functionalized with FITC, further protected by a 10 nm silica shell and stabilized in saline buffer by means of differently terminated PEGs (SNP). Such nanoparticles were then conjugated with Trastuzumab half-chain (SNP-TZ). Finally, both SNP and SNP-TZ were derivatized with nitrilo-triacetic acid and labelled with 99mTc-Tricarbonyl complex, giving rise to SNP-NTA and SNP-NTA-TZ NPs. The functionalization steps were monitored both by size and z-potential measurements and the impact of each chemical moietiy on the NP behaviour in cells was assessed in prelabeling in vitro experiments comparing SNP, SNP-NTA, SNP-TZ and SNP-NTA-TZ. Targeting specificity of TZ-functionalized or TZ-free SNPs was studied in in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experiments, both employing fluorescence and radionuclide techniques. Our results suggested that active targeting provided higher efficiency and selectivity in tumor detection compared to passive diffusion, confirming that our synthetic strategy provided stable nanoconjugates and did not affect their binding efficiency to HER2 expressing cells.2) Development of doxorubicin-loaded nonporous SNPs. Nonporous SNPs were chosen as the starting point to produce different drug carriers, bearing the well-known anticancer drug doxorubicin. Different silica nanoformulations containing the well-known anticancer drug doxorubicin were compared: OuterDox NPs, in which doxorubicin was covalently linked on the silica surface, InnerDox NPs, in which the chemotherapeutic was covalently immobilized in the core of the same particles and DoubleDox NPs, containing the drug both externally and internally.The nanoformulations were studied in terms of carrier degradation and payload release in physiological conditions.The in vitro efficiency was also investigated.3)Development of glutathione-sensitive apoferritin NPs for the controlled delivery of luciferin.Although bioluminescence imaging has been successfully used in a variety of applications to obtain information regarding biological processes in vivo, the detection of photon emission is limited by the short half-life of luciferin (less than 30 minutes), its modest cell penetration and inhomogeneous diffusion into different tissues. In this context, we developed a glutathione-sensitive NP for stimuli-responsive release of luciferin within cancer cells. The nanoconjugate bears luciferin by means of a disulfide containing linker (Luc-linker), which, in the presence of a reducing agent, undergoes an intramolecular cyclization reaction that results in the release of free luciferin. The correct luciferin release mechanism was checked in cell-free in vitro bioluminescence tests: an abundant photon production was detected when Luc-linker was preincubated with DTT and then reacted with luciferase, while no light emission was seen without DTT pretreatment. Luc-linker was then attached to apoferritin (HFn) NP surface, exploiting the free thiol groups of cysteine residues, leading to Luc-linker@HFn NPs.After the conjugation, an HPLC method was developed for the quantification of conjugation efficiency and drug loading, requiring a preliminary separation of the linker from the hosting HFn NPs. The Luc-linker@HFn was then tested in vitro to initially elucidate the bioluminescent kinetics and compare the luminous signal to the one of nanoparticle-free luciferin.
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Alexopoulos, Eftichia. "Crystallographic and modeling studies of intermolecular interactions of biological interest." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972659137.
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Soussi, Jordane. "Contribution to the study of heat relaxation in nanostructures of biological interest." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC013/document.
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En médecine, les nanotechnologies permettent le développement de nouvelles techniques de soin comme l’hyperthermie local ou la délivrance ciblée de médicaments. Ces applications impliquent de nouveaux défis scientifiques concernant la conception de nanosystems et les propriétés de leur environnement biologique. Dans cette thèse, nous avons analysé plusieurs aspects de la relaxation thermique de tels systèmes. Nous avons mise en œuvre la fois des simulations de Dynamique Moléculaire et des mesures expérimentales de microscopie d’imagerie en temps de vie de fluorescence. Nous présentons une étude numérique du transfert thermique depuis une nanoparticule en solution aqueuse et montrons qu’attacher un polymère à sa surface permet de réduire la résistance thermique entre la particule et son environnement. Nous avons modélisé des bicouches lipidiques pour calculer leurs propriétés diélectriques et leur viscosité a été étudiée par microscopie de fluorescence. Ces expériences sont réalisées sur des membranes suspendues et des vésicules unilamellaires géantes et démontrent que la viscosité des bicouches lipidiques diminue avec la température et l’application d’une tension transmembranaire induisant un changement de structureIn medicine, nanotechnologies give the opportunity to create new care practices such as local hyperthermia and targeted drug delivery. These applications imply new scientific challenges concerning the design of nanodevices and the properties of their biological environment. In this thesis, we have analysed several aspects of heat relaxation of such systems. We have used both Molecular Dynamics numerical simulations and Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy experiments. We present a study of heat transfer from a solvated nanoparticle and show that attaching a polymer on its surface reduces the thermal resistance between the particle and its aqueous environment. We have modelled lipid bilayers to compute their dielectric properties and their viscosity have been investigated by fluorescence imaging. The experiments conducted on both suspended lipid membrane and giant unilamellar vesicles show that the viscosity decreases when the temperature increases and when a transmembrane voltage is applied to inducing a structural change
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Sousa, Thiago Machado Mello de. "Produção de proteínas de interesse terapêutico em células de mamíferos em cultura." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/3228.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, 2006.Submitted by wesley oliveira leite (leite.wesley@yahoo.com.br) on 2009-11-25T16:14:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Thiago Machado Mello de Sousa.pdf: 1918195 bytes, checksum: 76ffa4fe871a3a0f8ce3aff26c2c0b09 (MD5)
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As proteínas recombinantes de interesse terapêutico vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço na indústria farmacêutica e atualmente já movimentam um mercado anual de cerca de 50 a 60 bilhões de dólares em todo o mundo. As células de mamíferos são as hospedeiras de expressão preferencialmente escolhidas no caso de proteínas que requerem um grau sofisticado de processamento pós-traducional, sendo crescente a iniciativa de identificação de novas linhagens de células, especialmente humanas, como sistemas alternativos de expressão às células utilizadas. Nosso grupo de pesquisa tem interesse na produção de antígenos para seleção de anticorpos com potencial neutralizante, especialmente os antígenos de superfície do envelope viral de HIV-1, agente etiológico da pandemia mundial de AIDS, que atualmente apresenta mais de 40 milhões de infectados. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a avaliação preliminar das células de ducto de glândula submandibular humana (HSG) como sistema de expressão heteróloga alternativo às células de ovário de hamster chinês (CHO-K1). Comparativamente, foi avaliada a eficiência de transfecção, assim como a de expressão transiente do anticorpo quimérico anti-Z-DNA Z22, na forma recombinante de fragmento FvFc pelas duas linhagens celulares. Outro objetivo foi a produção de versões recombinantes das glicoproteínas virais de HIV-1. Os resultados apontaram as células HSG como um bom sistema alternativo para a produção de proteínas heterólogas secretadas, especialmente quando transfectadas por co-precipitação com fosfato de cálcio, sendo ainda necessários alguns ajustes, uma vez que os choques osmóticos com glicerol e DMSO, considerados pontencializadores da transfecção, mostraram-se tóxicos da forma como foram executados. Foram amplificados e clonados em vetor de expressão para células de mamíferos os segmentos gênicos correspondentes a quatro versões recombinantes das glicoproteínas do envelope viral de HIV-1 (gp160, gp140, gp120 e gp41+PS), subtipo C que, de acordo com as nossas análises, utiliza CCR5 como co-receptor. Até o presente momento, não foi possível a detecção das glicoproteínas recombinantes, expressas de forma transiente em células CHO-K1, sendo necessários ajustes, principalmente na etapa de transfecção. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Recombinant therapeutic proteins have become more and more important in the pharmaceutical industry, and nowadays they are responsible for an injection of about 50 to 60 million dollar a year into the worldwide market. Animal cell cultures are the preferential expression systems for those proteins which require extensive posttranslational modifications. In this view, the identification of alternative expression systems is an issue of increasing concern, specially considering human cell lines. Our research group has been interested in the production of antigens to be used for the selection of neutralizing antibodies, particularly those antigens derived from the envelope surface of HIV-1, the etiologic agent of the pandemic infection of AIDS, which nowadays affects more than 40 million people. This work aimed the preliminary evaluation of the human salivary gland duct cells (HSG) as a heterologous expression system alternative to the Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). The transfection efficiency for both cell lines was comparatively evaluated, as well as the transient expression of the anti-Z-DNA Z22 chimeric antibody, as a recombinant FvFc fragment. Another objective was the production of recombinant versions of HIV-1 glycoproteins. Our results pointed out to the HSG cells as a good alternative system for the production of secreted heterologous proteins, specially when transfected by co-precipitation with calcium phosphate. Some adjusts are still needed, considering that the glycerol and DMSO osmotic shocks, generally considered as transfection pontentializers, proved to be toxic in the employed protocol. The genic fragments corresponding to four recombinant versions of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (gp160, gp140 gp120 and gp41+PS), subtype C, were amplified and cloned in a mammal cells expression vector. According to our analysis, this virus subtype uses CCR5 as co-receptor. So far, it was not possible to detect the recombinant glycoproteins expressed in a transient form in the CHO-K1 cells. In order to achieve this objective, some adjustments are still necessary, specially concerning the transfection protocol.
Books on the topic "Molecules - Biological Interests"
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Cherdanceva, Tat'yana, Vladimir Klimechev, and Igor' Bobrov. Pathological and molecular biological analysis of renal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis and prognosis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1020785.
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The monograph is devoted to the study of pathomorphological and molecular-biological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma and peritumoral zone depending on the degree of malignancy, and determine prognostic significance of criteria for predicting the postoperative survival of patients.
Of interest to urologists, oncologists, pathologists, researchers, graduate students, dealing with the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and subsequent prediction of postoperative survival of patients.
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Sawyer, Donald T., and R. J. P. Williams. Oxygen Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195057980.001.0001.
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This book places oxygen on the center stage of chemistry in a manner that parallels the focus on carbon by 19th century chemists. One measure of the significance of oxygen chemistry is the greater diversity of oxygen-containing molecules than of carbon-containing molecules. One of the most important compounds is water, containing the properties of being a unique medium for biological chemistry and life, the source of all the dioxygen in the atmosphere, and the moderator of the earth's climate. Sawyer first introduces the biological origins of dioxygen and role of dioxygen in aerobic biology and oxidative metabolism, and in separate chapters discusses the oxidation-reduction thermodynamics of oxygen species, and the nature of the bonding for oxygen in its compounds. Additional chapters focus on the reactivities of specific oxygen compounds. The book will be of interest to chemists and biochemists, as well as graduate students, life scientists, and medical researchers.
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Molecular Diagnostics and Biological Safety 2021. COVID-19: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prophylaxis: Conference Abstracts. Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-6045286-2-4.
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The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has spread to more than 200 countries. To date, over 130 million people have been affected and over 2.8 million have died. COVID-19 infection has a number of specific epidemiological and clinical features. In severe cases of the disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome develops, which is often fatal. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is susceptible to mutations, which alarms the scientific community all over the world. Therefore, scientific research in the field of COVID-19, the search for new diagnostic tools, methods for nonspecific and specific prevention and treatment are central topics today.This collection contains abstracts submitted by leading experts in the field of epidemiology, clinics of infectious diseases, molecular diagnostics, young researchers and medical practitioners. Published materials contain data on the methods of molecular diagnostics of COVID-19, se-quencing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, epidemiology of new coronavirus infection, immuno-pathogenesis of COVID-19, clinical features of infection and treatment options, as well as the study of post-infectious and post-vaccination immunity and examples of complex measures for nonspecific prevention of COVID-19.The materials of the Congress are of interest to doctors and researchers of all specialties, teachers of secondary and higher educational institutions.
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Amos, Martyn, ed. Cellular Computing. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155396.001.0001.
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The completion of the first draft of the human genome has led to an explosion of interest in genetics and molecular biology. The view of the genome as a network of interacting computational components is well-established, but researchers are now trying to reverse the analogy, by using living organisms to construct logic circuits. The potential applications for such technologies is huge, ranging from bio-sensors, through industrial applications to drug delivery and diagnostics. This book would be the first to deal with the implementation of this technology, describing several working experimental demonstrations using cells as components of logic circuits, building toward computers incorporating biological components in their functioning.
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Oliveira, Alana Maria Cerqueira de. Interação parasito-hospedeiro 2. Atena Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.707222601.
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A Obra “Interação parasito-hospedeiro 2”, traz ao leitor cinco capítulos de relevada importância na área de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Genética. Entretanto, caracteriza-se como uma obra multidisciplinar que vai do estudo de parasitas de interesse humano a parasitas de interesses veterinário englobando os zoonóticos. Os capítulos estão distribuídos em temáticas que abordam de forma categorizada e interdisciplinar a relação parasito-hospedeiro, as pesquisas englobam estudos de: polimorfismos genéticos, fases do ciclo de vida do parasita, expressão de citocinas, respostas imunológicas, técnicas de biologia molecular ( extração de RNA, RT-PCR), técnicas de parasitologia, técnicas de imunologia, técnicas microbiológicas, transmissão zoonótica, doenças negligenciadas, virulência, patogenicidade, bioinseticida, Infecções oportunistas e resistência bacteriana. A obra foi elaborada primordialmente com foco nos profissionais, pesquisadores e estudantes pertencentes às área de Parasitologia Médica e Veterinária e suas interfaces ou áreas afins. Entretanto, é uma leitura interessante para todos aqueles que de alguma forma se interessam pela área. Cada capítulo foi elaborado com o propósito de transmitir a informação científica de maneira clara e efetiva, em português, inglês ou espanhol. Utilizando uma linguagem acessível, concisa e didática, atraindo a atenção do leitor, independente se seu interesse é acadêmico ou profissional. O livro " Interação parasito-hospedeiro 2", traz publicações atuais e a Atena Editora traz uma plataforma que oferece uma estrutura adequada, propícia e confiável para a divulgação científica de diversas áreas de pesquisa.
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Colloff, Matthew J. Dust Mites. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100497.
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Dust mites are present in almost every home – in our beds, clothing and carpets. Conservatively, at least 100 million people are affected by house dust mite allergy worldwide, manifesting itself as asthma, rhinitis or atopic dermatitis. Despite the growing recognition of this major public health problem, there is still no simple, effective, generally applicable strategy for dust mite control.
Dust Mites incorporates for the first time in a single volume the topics of systematics and identification, physiology, ecology, allergen biochemistry and molecular biology, epidemiology, mite control and allergen avoidance. It explains key biological and ecological concepts for non-specialist readers, discusses ecological research methods and includes identification keys to dust mite species and life-cycle stage. It also explores how characteristics of population growth, water balance and physiology of dust mites have contributed to their importance as allergenic organisms.
Many chapters contain new data, or new analyses of existing data, including global distribution maps of the most important species. Importantly, the book emphasises that studies of the biology and ecology of house dust mites should be regarded within the context of allergic disease rather than as ends in themselves, and that approaches to mite control in clinical management are subject to the same series of ecological rules as any other major problem in pest management.
This comprehensive reference is essential reading for anyone involved or interested in house dust mite research and management.
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Allendorf, Fred W., W. Chris Funk, Sally N. Aitken, Margaret Byrne, Gordon Luikart, and Agostinho Antunes. Conservation and the Genomics of Populations. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856566.001.0001.
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Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing the world today. Conservation and the Genomics of Populations gives a comprehensive overview of the essential background, concepts, and tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used to conserve species threatened with extinction, and to manage species of ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, and computer programs, genetic principles, and methods are becoming increasingly useful in the conservation of biological diversity. Using a balance of data and theory, coupled with basic and applied research examples, this book examines genetic and phenotypic variation in natural populations, the principles and mechanisms of evolutionary change, the interpretation of genetic data from natural populations, and how these can be applied to conservation. The book includes examples from plants, animals, and microbes in wild and captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised to include advances in genomics and contains new chapters on population genomics, genetic monitoring, and conservation genetics in practice, as well as new sections on climate change, emerging diseases, metagenomics, and more. More than one-third of the references in this edition were published after the previous edition. Each of the 24 chapters and the Appendix end with a Guest Box written by an expert who provides an example of the principles presented in the chapter from their own work. This book is essential for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of conservation genetics, natural resource management, and conservation biology, as well as professional conservation biologists and policy-makers working for wildlife and habitat management agencies. Much of the book will also interest nonprofessionals who are curious about the role of genetics in conservation and management of wild and captive populations.
Book chapters on the topic "Molecules - Biological Interests"
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Tonel, Mariana Zancan, Vivian Machado de Menezes, Ivana Zanella, and Solange Binotto Fagan. "Molecules with Biological Interest Adsorbed on Carbon Nanostructures." In Carbon Nanostructures, 107–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18875-1_6.
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Durchschlag, Helmut. "Specific Volumes of Biological Macromolecules and Some Other Molecules of Biological Interest." In Thermodynamic Data for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 45–128. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71114-5_3.
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Bolognesi, P., P. O’Keeffe, and L. Avaldi. "Soft X-ray Interaction with Organic Molecules of Biological Interest." In Radiation Damage in Biomolecular Systems, 165–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2564-5_10.
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Horovitz, Chaim T. "Interactions of Scandium and Yttrium with Molecules of Biological Interest." In Biochemistry of Scandium and Yttrium, Part 1: Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, 235–308. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4313-8_6.
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Zittle, Charles A. "Reaction of Borate with Substances of Biological Interest." In Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 493–527. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470122570.ch9.
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Dryhurst, Glenn. "Electrochemistry of Low Molecular Weight Organic Compounds of Biological Interest." In Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, 131–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2359-4_2.
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Braslavsky, S. E. "Pulsed-Laser Optoacoustic and Thermal-Lensing Studies of Relaxation Processes in Biological Systems and Molecules of Biological Interest." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena, 508–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48181-2_139.
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Wentrup-Byrne, E., P. M. Fredericks, J. Aubard, J. Pantigny, and G. Levi. "Particular Merits of Different Silver Colloids with Various Electrolytes, pH and Excitation Wavelengths for SERS Studies of Molecules of Biological Interest." In Fifth International Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules, 259–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1934-4_95.
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Meier, Michael, and Megan J. Wilson. "Using RNA-Seq for Transcriptome Profiling of Botrylloides sp. Regeneration." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 599–615. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_32.
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AbstractThe decrease in sequencing costs and technology improvements has led to the adoption of RNA-sequencing to profile transcriptomes from further non-traditional regeneration model organisms such as the colonial ascidian Botrylloides leachii. The relatively unbiased way in which transcripts are identified and quantified makes this technique suitable to detect large-scale changes in expression, and the identification of novel transcripts and isoforms. Of particular interest to many researchers is the discovery of differentially expressed transcripts across different treatment conditions or stages of regeneration. This protocol describes a workflow starting from processing raw sequencing reads, mapping reads, assembly of transcripts, and measuring their abundance, creating lists of differentially expressed genes and their biological interpretation using gene ontologies. All programs used in this protocol are open-source software tools and freely available.
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Sljoka, Adnan. "Structural and Functional Analysis of Proteins Using Rigidity Theory." In Sublinear Computation Paradigm, 337–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4095-7_14.
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AbstractOver the past two decades, we have witnessed an unprecedented explosion in available biological data. In the age of big data, large biological datasets have created an urgent need for the development of bioinformatics methods and innovative fast algorithms. Bioinformatics tools can enable data-driven hypothesis and interpretation of complex biological data that can advance biological and medicinal knowledge discovery. Advances in structural biology and computational modelling have led to the characterization of atomistic structures of many biomolecular components of cells. Proteins in particular are the most fundamental biomolecules and the key constituent elements of all living organisms, as they are necessary for cellular functions. Proteins play crucial roles in immunity, catalysis, metabolism and the majority of biological processes, and hence there is significant interest to understand how these macromolecules carry out their complex functions. The mechanical heterogeneity of protein structures and a delicate mix of rigidity and flexibility, which dictates their dynamic nature, is linked to their highly diverse biological functions. Mathematical rigidity theory and related algorithms have opened up many exciting opportunities to accurately analyse protein dynamics and probe various biological enigmas at a molecular level. Importantly, rigidity theoretical algorithms and methods run in almost linear time complexity, which makes it suitable for high-throughput and big-data style analysis. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of protein flexibility and dynamics and review concepts in mathematical rigidity theory for analysing stability and the dynamics of protein structures. We then review some recent breakthrough studies, where we designed rigidity theory methods to understand complex biological events, such as allosteric communication, large-scale analysis of immune system antibody proteins, the highly complex dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins and the validation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) solved protein structures.
Conference papers on the topic "Molecules - Biological Interests"
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Sauer, M., K. H. Drexhage, K. T. Han, S. Nord, and C. Zander. "Following the Dynamics of Single Oligonucleotide Molecules in Water." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1998.lmc.14.
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The dynamic fluorescence characteristics of individual dye molecules in specific local environment are of particular interest for many biological applications.1,2 Furthermore, dye molecules that are influenced by the environment can act as molecular probes, i. e. they exhibit information about neighbouring groups and changes in the microenvironment. They also allow the direct observation of individual dynamic events such as conformational changes of a biological macromolecule if they are monitored on the single-molecule level. In addition, measurements on individual molecules are well suited for the study of complex systems in which it is not known whether all molecules exhibit the same characteristics or each molecule contributes with its individual characteristics to the observed behaviour.
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Lermer, N., M. D. Barnes, C.-Y. Kung, W. B. Whitten, and J. M. Ramsey. "High-Speed Single Molecule Detection in Microdroplet Streams." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1996.lwb.7.
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The detection of individual fluorescent molecules in liquids has been of great interest in recent years. Various fluorescence-based techniques shown to provide single molecule sensitivities include confocal microscopy [1], flow cell techniques [2], and levitated microdroplets [3]. The application of the microdroplet technique to single molecule detection offers many advantages. First, fluoresence decay rates and total fluoresence yield have been shown to be enhanced in glycerol microdroplets [4]. Additionally, the droplet confines the single fluorophore to a small volume thereby removing difficulties arising from diffusion of the fluorophore. Furthermore, the discrete detection unit of the droplet is ideally suited to the application of digital molecular detection for the analysis of ultradilute solutions [5]. Previous liquid microdroplet work has exhibited single molecule detection with signal-to-noise ratios in the range of 10-40 [3]. In our previous work, an electrodynamic trap was employed to trap glycerol microdroplets for a period much longer than the average photochemical lifetime, thus obtaining the maximum possible signal from the analyte. However, the application of digital molecular analysis to real systems requires tens of thousands of droplet measurements [5]; the time required to trap (and to size) the droplet in a levitated system prohibits its application in a high-speed molecular counting technique. In addition, many biological applications of single molecule fluorescence detection require aqueous samples. The present work discusses the development of an instrument designed to permit single molecule detection in water microdroplets at count rates in the range of 10 - 1000 Hz.
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Wang, Feng, George Maroulis, and Theodore E. Simos. "Electron Momentum Spectroscopy and Its Applications to Molecules of Biological Interest." In Computational Methods in Science and Engineering. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2827040.
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Chin, LiKang, Anthony Calabro, and Kathleen A. Derwin. "Development and Characterization of Tyramine Substituted-Hyaluronan (TS-HA) Enriched Fascia for Rotator Cuff Repair." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19553.
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The failure rate of rotator cuff repair is reportedly as high as 70%. Several commercially available extracellular matrices are indicated for augmentation of rotator cuff repair. However, none has yet demonstrated both the appropriate biological milieu and mechanical properties for tendon healing. We are interested in fascia lata for its tendon-like mechanical properties. We propose modulating inflammation by enriching fascia lata with high molecular weight hyaluronan (HA), a molecule well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Of particular interest is tyramine-substituted hyaluronan (TS-HA), i.e., HA substituted with tyramine adducts to allow cross-linking between chains. The extent to which TS-HA treatment affects the mechanical properties of fascia lata is not known. The objectives of this study are to develop and characterize TS-HA enriched fascia lata and to investigate the hypothesis that TS-HA treatment does not significantly decrease the mechanical properties of fascia.
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Johnston, Roger G., Stephen P. Edmondson, Shermila B. Singham, and Gary C. Salzman. "Biophysical Applications of the XUV Free Electron Laser." In Free-Electron Laser Applications in the Ultraviolet. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fel.1988.fa3.
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There are a number of research techniques in use or under development in the Life Sciences Division at Los Alamos that would greatly benefit from the availability of a XUV Free Electron laser. These techniques include: (1) ultrasensitive LD, CD, and absorption spectroscopy of molecules of biological interest, (2) elastic and inelastic measurements of the Mueller scattering matrix for biological macromolecules and particles, and (3) flow cytometry.
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Juhász, Z., J. Y. Chesnel, F. Frémont, A. Hajaji, B. Sulik, Károly Tokési, and Béla Sulik. "Coulomb explosion and binary encounter processes in collisions between slow ions and small molecules of biological interest." In RADIATION DAMAGE IN BIOMOLECULAR SYSTEMS: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference (RADAM 2008). AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3058970.
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Yan, Karen Chang, Michael Rossini, Michael Sebok, and John Sperduto. "Concentration Characterization of Encapsulated Macromolecules in Electrospun Alginate Fibers Using Image Analysis." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52585.
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Electrospun fibers made of biocompatible polymers have been used as scaffolds in tissue engineering to mimic the fibrous environment found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of biological tissue; and bioactive macromolecules can also be encapsulated in the electrospun fibers. In order to control the release of these encapsulated macromolecules, it is of great interest to understand how the release rate is affected by the sizes of molecules, cross-linking as well as electrospinning configuration (single axial versus co-axial). Fluorescein imaging technique has been applied in quantifying molecular transport phenomena. This paper presents an image analysis method to establish a baseline correlation between the fluorescent intensity and the macromolecule concentration in the electrospun fibers. In this study, alginate and Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend polymer aqueous solution (1:1 ratio, 3% w/v) was used to electrospin fibers and fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) with different molecular weights was chosen as the encapsulated macromolecule. Linear correlation was established based on the statistical analysis of electrospun fiber images, and imaging parameters effects were also identified.
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Robinet, G., J.-Ph Rameau, and J. Devillers. "Molecular mechanical (MM2) and semi empirical (PM3) comparative study of some heterocyclic compounds of biological interest." In The first European conference on computational chemistry (E.C.C.C.1). AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47675.
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Anderson, Gary L., and Devendra P. Garg. "Damping and Vibration Control via Nanoscale Technologies for Defense Oriented Applications." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48536.
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This paper discusses the potential of nanoscale technologies with particular attention devoted to applications in the defense area. Innovative techniques for structural damping and vibration control are of much interest to the Structures and Dynamics Program at the United States Army Research Office (ARO). Since nanotechnology is a new and different way of thinking about the creation of devices and systems, it holds much promise for such applications. Nanotechnology can be gainfully employed to create and utilize materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale, i.e., to engineer matter at the level of atoms and molecules, leading to the generation of larger structures having fundamentally new molecular organizations exhibiting novel physical, chemical, and biological properties and phenomena. In addition to describing an overview of nanotechnology and its relevance to the defense needs, the paper describes a few of the currently ongoing projects under the ARO sponsorship.
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Mills, K. L., Dongeun Huh, Shuichi Takayama, and M. D. Thouless. "Adjustable Nanofluidic Channels by Tunnel Cracking of a Constrained Brittle Layer." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62164.
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There is widespread and rapidly increasing interest in adopting nanofluidics as a strategy for developing new capabilities in various scientific areas. A fast, easy, and inexpensive method for creating nanochannels may address technical limitations associated with the limited availability of conventional nanofabrication technologies and contribute to expanding the application of nanofluidics to areas of biological or chemical interest. For example, there is considerable interest in the controlled confinement and manipulation of single polymeric or bio-molecules (e.g., DNA) for analysis. Motivated by this, we present here a cracking-based method for fabrication of adjustable nanofluidic channels.
Reports on the topic "Molecules - Biological Interests"
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López-Valverde, Nansi, Javier Aragoneses, Antonio López-Valverde, Cinthia Rodríguez, and Juan Manuel Aragoneses. Role in the osseointegration of titanium dental implants, of bioactive surfaces based on biomolecules: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0076.
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Review question / Objective: Does the bioactive surface of titanium dental implants, based on biomolecules, influence osseointegration?. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role and efficacy of bioactive surfaces in osseointegration. Our review study limited the research interest to titanium dental implants coated with a biomolecule, i.e., an organic molecule produced by a living organism. Condition being studied: In recent years, much attention has been paid to topographical modifications of dental implant surfaces, as well as to their coating with biologically active substances.a bioactive surface is one capable of achieving faster and higher quality osseointegration, shortening waiting times and solving situations of poor bone quality. Molecules that can be applied for bioactive purposes include bioceramics, ions and biomolecules. Collagen and bone morphogenetic protein have been suggested as bone stimulating agents. Biofunctionalization of the implant surface with a biomimetic active peptide has also been shown to result in a significant increase in bone-to-implant ratios and an increase in peri-implant bone density.
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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams, and Boaz Shaanan. Structural Elements and Neuropharmacological Features Involved in the Insecticidal Properties of an Alpha Scorpion Neurotoxin: A Multidisciplinary Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573061.bard.
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Integrated pest management in modern crop protection requires the use of chemical or biological insecticides in many instances. Nontheless, the use non-selective chemical insecticides poses risks to the environment and livestock and consequently urgent need exists for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and not toxic to wam-blooded animals. Therefore, mobilization of these substances into insect pest targets is of major interest. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chamical insecticides provided they have a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. All of these objectives were addressed in this research. A direct approach for plant protection was the mobilization of toxins into target pests using baculoviral vectors. The other approach was to develop a suitable system enabling the elucidation of the toxin bioactive site, which would enable design of insecticidal peptidomimetics. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins, were studied at the sodium channel receptor site. All the above approaches show great promise and clearly indicate that scorpion insecticidal toxins may provide powerful means in insect pest control.