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Karimi, Mohammad Amin [Verfasser]. "Electronic properties of organic single-molecule junctions / Mohammad Amin Karimi." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115727591/34.
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Hodgkin, E. E. "Molecular similarity in computer-aided molecular design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379971.
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Erler, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Electronic and magnetic properties of single molecule magnets on surfaces / Philipp Erler." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114893889/34.
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Meyer, Jörg. "Electronic Properties of Organic Nanomaterials Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200781.
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In this work organic molecules, namely derivatives of BODIPY and poly-para-phenyls are investigated on different metal surfaces by means of LT-STM. These molecule are important for the development of molecular electronics and spintronics. I show that aza-BODIPY molecules form a weak chemical bond with the Au(111) substrate and the molecular structure significantly changes upon adsorption. Due to the low corrugation of the Au(111) surface, diffusion of the molecule is observed for applied bias in excess of ±1 V. The temperature dependent formation of different molecular nanostructures formed by polyparaphenyls and Au adatoms is discussed. The diffusing Au adatoms act as coordination centers for the cyano groups present on one end of the molecules. The structure of the super molecular assemblies completely changes in a temperature range of only 60 K. Furthermore, I investigate in this work the hybridization of atomic orbitals within the molecular ligand. The Kondo resonance of a Co atom incorporated into an other aza-BODIPY derivative is investigated in detail on Ag(100). The hybridization of the atomic Co orbital with the organic ligands molecular orbitals is shown by spectroscopy measurements with submolecular resolution. The changing line shape of the Kondo resonance for the molecule-substrate system is discussed. This data is compared to measurements of Co incorporated in another molecular binding motive and on different metal samples to show the importance of the local environment for molecular materialsIn dieser Arbeit werden organische Moleküle, Derivate von BODIPY und poly-para-Phenyl, auf verschiedenen Metalloberflächen mittels Tief-Temperatur Rastertunnelmikroskopie (LT-STM) untersucht. Diese Moleküle sind wichtig für die Entwicklung von molekularer Elektronik und Spintronik. Ich zeige, dass aza-BODIPY-Moleküle eine schwache chemische Bindung mit dem Au(111)- Substrat eingehen und die molekulare Struktur bei der Adsorption deutlich verändert wird. Wegen der geringen Rauigkeit der Au(111)-Oberfläche wird bereits bei einer angelegten Spannungen über ±1 V die Diffusion der Moleküle beobachtet. Die temperaturabhängige Bildung verschiedener molekularer Nanostrukturen aus poly-para-Phenyl und frei beweglichen Goldatomen wird diskutiert. Die diffundierenden Goldatome agieren hierbei als Koordinationszentren für die Cyanogruppen am einen Ende der Moleküle. Die Struktur der supramolekularen Anordnungen verändert sich dabei in einem Temperaturbereich von nur 60 K vollkommen. Außerdem beschäftige ich mich in dieser Arbeit mit der Hybridisierung atomare Orbitale im molekularen Verbund. Die Kondo-Resonanz eine Co-Atoms, welches in einem anderen aza-BODIPY-Derivat gebunden ist, wird detailliert auf der Ag(100)-Oberfläche untersucht. Die Hybridisierung des atomaren Co-Orbitals mit den molekularen Orbitalen des organischen Liganden wird an Hand von Spektroskopiemessungen mit submolekularer Auflösung gezeigt. Die veränderte Form der Kondo-Resonanz für dieses Molekül-Substrat-System wird diskutiert. Diese Daten werden mit Messungen an Co-Atomen in anderen molekularen Bindungsschemen und auf anderen Substraten verglichen um dieWichtigkeit der lokalen Umgebung für molekulare Materialien zu verdeutlichen
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Griffith, Olga. "INSIGHT INTO THE ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS: EXPERIMENTAL MEASURES FROM THE ISOLATED-MOLECULE LEVEL TO THE SOLID-STATE DEVICE LIMIT." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195928.
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Fundamental understanding of the electronic properties, and charge transfer mechanism of organic semiconductors and functionalized oligoacenes in particular, is of great importance for the design and fabrication of organic electronic devices. This work is devoted to the study of the electronic properties of organic semiconductors in the gas, solution, and solid phases, thus providing insights into the intra- and intermolecular electronic interactions of these materials from the isolated-molecule level to the solid-state device limit. The organic semiconductors investigated in this work are bis-triisopropylsilylethynyl-substituted (TIPS) anthracene, TIPS tetracene, TIPS pentacene, bis-(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-1,3,9,11-tetraoxa-dicyclopenta[b,m]-pentacene (TP-5), and 2,2,10,10-tetraethyl-6,14-bis-(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-1,3,9,11-tetraoxa-dicyclopenta[b,m]pentacene (EtTP-5). This research is conducted on the basis of experimental and computational studies. The experimental analysis is based on the combination of closely-related gas-phase and solid-phase photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, along with electrochemical measurements in solution. The electronic structure quantum-mechanical computations are performed at the density functional theory level, and are in good agreement with experimental results.This dissertation reports important findings on the electronic properties of organic semiconductors and how these properties change between phases. The role of polarization effects on the electronic properties of these materials was demonstrated to be significant and strongly dependant on the molecular structure and electronic interactions at the isolated- (or single-) molecule level as well as on the molecular packing and electronic interactions in the solid state at the device limit.
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Martin, Claudia. "Density functional study of the electronic and magnetic properties of selected transition metal complexes." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-134958.
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Die vorliegende Promotionsarbeit “Density functional study of the electronic and magnetic properties of selected transition metal complexes” beschäftigt sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen strukturellen Merkmalen sowie elektronischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften von Einzelmolekül-Magneten. Im Wesentlichen konnte dabei gezeigt werden, dass die magnetischen Eigenschaften sowohl von strukturellen Merkmalen als auch von den elektronischen Eigenschaften bestimmt werden. Des Weiteren ergab sich, dass verschiedene Kenngrößen der magnetischen Eigenschaften (im speziellen der magnetische Grundzustand S sowie die magnetische Anisotropie D) miteinander korreliert sind. Dies ist im Besonderen für eine mögliche Anwendung von Einzelmolekül-Magneten im Bereich der Datenspeicherung von Bedeutung.
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Jäckel, Frank. "Self assembly and electronic properties of conjugated molecules: towards mono molecular electronics." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975579010.
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Seifert, Christian. "Control of the Electrical Transport through Single Molecules and Graphene." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21647.
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Der Erste dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit der STM Untersuchung einer Grenzschicht in umgebender Atmosphäre, welche sich durch die Adsorption von Graphen auf einer Glimmeroberfläche ausbildet. Durch die umgebene Luftfeuchtigkeit interkalieren Wassermoleküle in diese Grenzschicht. Durch die Variation der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit gibt diese Wasser ab bzw. nimmt auf, und es manifestieren sich sternförmig wachsende Fraktale, in denen Graphen etwa um den Durchmesser eines Wassermoleküls an Höhe absinkt. Die STM Untersuchung, welche primär sensitiv auf die Zustandsdichte von Graphen reagiert, zeigte, dass sich anders als in den SFM Untersuchungen, zusätzliche signifikante Höhenänderungen von Graphen innerhalb der Fraktale bildeten. Dieses deutet auf eine Wasserschicht hin, welche Domänen mit signifikant unterscheidbaren Polarisationsrichtungen aufweisen, welche die Zustandsdichte von Graphen verändern kann. Dies ist aber gleichbedeutend mit der Annahme, dass sich in jener Grenzschicht mindestens zwei oder mehr lagen Wasser bilden müssen.
Der zweiten Teil befasst sich mit der STM Untersuchung einer funktionalisierten Oberfläche die charakterisiert ist durch eine leitende Oberfläche (Graphen und HOPG) adsorbierten funktionalisierte Dyade an einer Fest-Flüssig Grenzfläche. Diese Dyade besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Zink-Tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) und mit diesem über einem flexiblen Arm verbundenen Spiropyranderivat. Letztere ändert seine Konformation durch die Einstrahlung mit Licht geeigneter Wellenlänge, womit sich das Dipolmoment stark ändert. Es zeigte sich, dass das Schaltverhalten auf einen Graphen mit dem Schaltverhalten einer Dyade in Lösung vergleichbar ist. Dieses lässt den Schluss zu, dass das Schalteigenschaften einer einzelnen Dyade auf das adsorbierte Kollektiv übertragen werden kann, da es keine signifikanten beeinflussenden Wechselwirkungen durch die leitende Oberfläche und der benachbarten Dyaden auswirkte.The first of this two-part work deals with the STM investigation of an interface in the surrounding natural atmosphere, which is formed by the adsorption of the conductive graphene onto the mica surface. In this interface, water molecules may intercalate by the surrounding humidity. By varying the relative humidity, the interface is rewetted, respectively, dewetted and it manifests itself in a star shape growing fractals, where the height of graphene is decreased by approximately the diameter of one water molecule. The STM investigation - which is primarily sensitive to the density of states of graphene - shows that additional significant changes in the height of graphene are formed within the fractal, unlike in the SFM investigations. This suggests that there is a water layer by which the density of graphene is differently affected by domains with significant distinguishable polarisation alignments. However, this is equivalent to the assumption that there are two or more water layers exist within the interface. The second part of this work deals with the STM investigation of a functionalized surface characterised by a functionalized dyad adsorbed onto a conductive surface (graphene and HOPG) at a solid-liquid interface. This dyad essentially comprises a zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and is connected with a spiropyran derivative via a flexible linker. This changes its conformation through irradiation with light with a suitable wavelength, by which the dipole moment is also strongly changed. It was found that the switching behaviour of a graphene-based conductive surface is comparable with the switching behaviour of a dyad, which itself can move freely in solution. This leads to the conclusion that the switching properties of a single dyad can be transmitted to its collective because it affected no significant influence interactions by the conductive surface and the adjacent dyads.
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Kula, Mathias. "Understanding Electron Transport Properties of Molecular Electronic Devices." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk kemi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4500.
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his thesis has been devoted to the study of underlying mechanisms for electron transport in molecular electronic devices. Not only has focus been on describing the elastic and inelastic electron transport processes with a Green's function based scattering theory approach, but also on how to construct computational models that are relevant to experimental systems. The thesis is essentially divided into two parts. While the rst part covers basic assumptions and the elastic transport properties, the second part covers the inelastic transport properties and its applications. It is discussed how di erent experimental approaches may give rise to di erent junction widths and thereby di erences in coupling strength between the bridging molecules and the contacts. This di erence in coupling strength is then directly related to the magnitude of the current that passes through the molecule and may thus explain observed di erences between di erent experiments. Another focus is the role of intermolecular interactions on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, where water molecules interacting with functional groups in a set of conjugated molecules are considered. This is interesting from several aspects; many experiments are performed under ambient conditions, which means that water molecules will be present and may interfere with the experiment. Another point is that many measurement are done on self-assembled monolayers, which raises the question of how such a measurement relates to that of a single molecule. By looking at the perturbations caused by the water molecules, one may get an understanding of what impact a neighboring molecule may have. The theoretical predictions show that intermolecular e ects may play a crucial role and is related to the functional groups, which has to be taken into consideration when looking at experimental data. In the second part, the inelastic contribution to the total current is shown to be quite small and its real importance lies in probing the device geometry. Several molecules are studied for which experimental data is available for comparison. It is demonstrated that the IETS is very sensitive to the molecular conformation, contact geometry and junction width. It is also found that some of the spectral features that appear in experiment cannot be attributed to the molecular device, but to the background contributions, which shows how theory may be used to complement experiment. This part concludes with a study of the temperature dependence of the inelastic transport. This is very important not only from a theoretical point of view, but also for the experiments since it gives experimentalists a sense of which temperature ranges they can operate for measuring IETS.QC 20100804. Ändrat titeln från: "Understanding Electron Transport Properties in Molecular Devices" 20100804.
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Kula, Mathias. "Understanding electron transport properties in molecular electronic devices /." Stockholm : Bioteknologi, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4500.
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Bearpark, Michael John. "Electronic properties of molecules." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251557.
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O'Connor, M. P. "Electronic properties of conjugated molecules." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379188.
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Carroll, Richard Lloyd. "Studies of the Structural and Electronic Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers ? Towards Molecular Electronics." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010709-120336.
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The field of Molecular Electronics (ME) is growing at a rapid pace. The study of materials that have utility at the level of several, or single, molecules is exciting becausethe development of these sorts of systems offers a pathway to potentially avoid the perils of continually shrinking Silicon-based fabrication. This work examines the state of the art in fabrication techniques for semiconductor systems, then examines current examples of ME to be found in the academic literature. This review is designed to plumb the depths of a few important demonstrations, as opposed to a broad overview of the entire body of work. Further, scanning probe lithography techniques are demonstrated that allow for the study of small ensembles of interesting molecules in isolation. By utilizing these techniques, the structural and electronic properties of molecules can be studied, with a focus towards determining the likely utility of a particular species in a ME framework. Experimental study of redox-active self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films shows that under specific conditions, some films display a negative differential resistance (NDR) response that has possible utility in the development of ME devices. Ferrocene- and galvinol-terminated SAMs both show NDR at room temperature. A possible mechanism for the NDR behavior is believed to be resonant tunneling through low-lying, accessible redox-states in the molecule.
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Tian, Guangjun. "Electron-vibration coupling and its effects on optical and electronic properties of single molecules." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk kemi och biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122180.
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The thesis is devoted to theoretical investigations of electron-vibration coupling and its effects on optical and electronic properties of single molecules, especially for molecules confined between metallic electrodes. A density-matrix approach has been developed to describe the photon emission of single molecules confined in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). With this new method electronic excitations induced by both the tunneling electron and the localized surface plasmon (LSP) can be treated on an equal footing. Model calculations for porphyrin derivatives have successfully reproduced and explained the experimentally observed unusual variation of the photon emission spectra. The method has also been extended to study the STM induced fluorescence and phosphorescence of C60 molecules in combination with the first principles calculations. In particularly, the non-Condon vibronic couplings have been exclusively included in the calculations. The experimental spectra have been nicely reproduced by our calculations, which also enable us to identify the unique spectral fingerprint and origin of the measured spectra. The observed rich spectral features have been finally correctly assigned. The electron transport properties of molecular junctions with bipyridine isomers have been studied in the sequential tunneling (SET) regime by assuming that the molecules are weakly coupled to metallic electrodes. It is shown that the strong electron-vibration coupling in the 2, 2’-bipyridine molecule and the 4,4’-bipyridine molecule can lead to observable Franck-Condon blockade. Taking advantage of such novel effect, a gate-controlled conductance switch with ideal on-off ratio has been proposed for a molecular junction with the 4, 4’-bipyridine molecule. The effect of the electron-vibration coupling on one-photon and two-photon absorption spectra of green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been systematically examined. The hydroxybenzylidene-2, 3-dimethylimidazolinone molecule in the deprotonated anion state (HBDI−) is used to model the fluorescence chromophore of the GFP. Both Condon and non-Condon vibronic couplings have been considered in the calculations. The calculated spectra are in good agreement with the available experimental spectra. It confirms the notion that the observed blue-shift of the two-photon absorption spectrum with respect to its one-photon absorption counterpart is caused by the non-Condon vibronic coupling. All the calculations are carried out with our own software package, DynaVib. It is capable of modeling a variety of vibrational-resolved spectroscopies, such as absorption, emission, and resonant Raman scattering (RRS) spectra. In our package, the Duschinsky rotation and non-Condon effect have been fully taken into account. Both time-independent and time-dependent approaches have been implemented, allowing to simulate the spectra of very large molecules.QC 20130520
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Bennett, Neil. "Molecular electronic properties of porphyrin nanowires." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54240/.
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Single porphyrin molecules and porphyrins isolated in a matrix of alkanethiols were probed by I-V spectroscopy. Repeated I-V measurements on individual molecules showed evidence of temporal fluctuations and changes of the coupling asymmetry in the molecular junctions. Analysis using the transition voltage spectroscopy technique revealed fluctuations in the voltage minimum
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Bröker, Benjamin. "Electronic and structural properties of interfaces between electron donor & acceptor molecules and conductive electrodes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16257.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt Fragestellungen aus der Organischen Elektronik, in der die Ladungsträgerinjektion in alle Arten von Bauteilen kritisch von der elektronischen und morphologischen Struktur der Grenzflächen zwischen Elektrode und den konjugierten organischen Molekülen (KOM) abhängt. Näher betrachtet wurden: die Energieniveauanpassung mit starken (i) Elektronendonatoren und (ii) -akzeptoren und (iii) die dichteabhängige Umorientierung einer molekularen Monolage. Zur Analyse wurden Photoelektronen- und Reflektionsabsorptionsinfrarotspektroskopie angewandt. Weitere Informationen konnten durch Modellierung mit Dichtefunktionaltheory gewonnen werden, die über Kollaborationen zur Verfügung standen. (i) Das Konzept der optimierten Energieniveauanpassung mit starken Elektronenakzeptoren konnte auf Donatoren erweitert und damit erfolgreich von der Anode zur Kathode transferiert werden. Auch hier führte der Ladungstransfer zu einem Dipol über die Grenzfläche, womit die Austrittsarbeit um bis zu 2.2 eV reduziert wurde. Als Resultat konnte die Elektroneninjektionsbarriere in nachfolgende Materialien entscheidend verringert werden (bis zu 0.8 eV). (ii) Ein bis dato unerforschter starker Elektronenaktzeptor [hexaaza-triphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HATCN)] wurde vollständig verschiedenen Elektroden charakterisiert. HATCN zeigte dabei eine bessere Performance verglichen mit derzeit üblichen Materialien (starke Austrittsarbeitsanhebung und Verringerung der Lochinjektionsbarriere um bis zu 1.0 eV). (iii) Zusätzlich konnte mit HATCN gezeigt werden, dass eine liegende molekulare Monolage durch Erhöhung der Moleküldichte in eine stehende Monolage umgewandelt werden kann. Dies führte zu einer Änderung der chemischen Bindung zum Metall und damit zu einer starken Modifikation der elektronischen Struktur der Grenzfläche. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert damit wertvolle Informationen für das Verständnis der Grenzfläche zwischen Elektrode und KOM in der Organischen Elektronik.The present work is embedded in the field of organic electronics, where charge injection into devices is critically determined by the electronic and structural properties of the interfaces between the electrodes and the conjugated organic materials (COMs). Three main topics are addressed: energy level tuning with new and strong electron (i) donor and (ii) acceptor materials and (iii) the density dependent re-orientation of a molecular monolayer and its impact on the energy level alignment. To study these topics photoelectron and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy were used. Moreover, additional information was obtained from density functional theory modelling, which was available through collaboration. (i) A concept of optimizing the energy level alignment at interfaces with strong molecular acceptors was extended to donor materials and thus successfully transferred from the anode to the cathode side of the device. Also in this case, charge transfer leads to a chemisorbed molecular monolayer. Due to the dipole across the interface, the work function of the electrode is reduced by up to 2.2 eV. Consequently, a reduced electron injection barrier into subsequently deposited materials is achieved (up to 0.8 eV). (ii) A yet unexplored strong electron acceptor material [i.e. hexaazatriphenylene- hexacarbonitrile (HATCN)] is thoroughly investigated on various surfaces. HATCN shows superior performance as electron acceptor material compared to presently used materials (e.g. work function modification and hole injection barrier reduction by up to 1 eV). (iii) Also with HATCN, the orientation of a molecular monolayer is observed to change from a face-on to an edge-on depending on layer density. This is accompanied by a re-hybridization of molecular and metal electronic states, which significantly modifies the interface electronic properties. All findings presented are valuable for the understanding of electrode-COM interfaces in organic electronics.
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Jäckel, Frank. "Self-Assembly and Electronic Properties of Conjugated Molecules." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15267.
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Die Verwendung einzelner Moleküle als aktive Elemente elektronischer Bauteile wird derzeit als potentielle Alternative zur halbleiterbasierten Nanoelektronik angesehen, da einzelne Moleküle a priori nur einige Nanometer groß sind. Auß erdem kann dabei eventuell eine vereinfachte Verarbeitung und Herstellung der Bauteile erreicht werden. In dieser Arbeit werden das Selbstaggregationsverhalten und die Elektrontransporteigenschaften konjugierter Moleküle mit Rastertunnelmikroskopie (RTM) und -spektroskopie (RTS) an einer Fest-Flüssig-Grenzfläche und unter Ultrahochvakuumbedingungen bei tiefen Temperaturen untersucht. Ihre mögliche Verwendung in hybrid-molekularen Bauteilen als auch Ansätze für eine mono-molekulare Elektronik werden erkundet. Insbesondere wird die Nano-Phasenseparation von Elektron-Donor-Akzeptor-Multiaden an der Fest-Flüssig-Grenzfläche demonstriert, die zur Integration verschiedener elektronischer Funktionen auf der Nanoskala benutzt werden kann. Desweiteren wird die Abhängigkeit der elektronischen Kopplung scheibenförmiger gestapelter Moleküle vom lateralen Versatz innerhalb des Stapels experimentell nachgewiesen. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten die elektronischen Eigenschaften solcher dreidimensionaler Architekturen gezielt zu beeinflussen. Außerdem werden die ersten RTM/RTS-Untersuchungen von Ladungstransferprozessen in einzelnen organischer Donor-Akzeptor-Komplexe präsentiert. Schließlich werden die Ladungstransferkomplexe mit dem Ansatz der Nano-Phasenseparation kombiniert, um den ersten Einzelmolekültransistor mit intergrierten Nanogates zu realisieren. In diesem prototypischen Bauteil wird die Strom-Spannungs-Kennlinie einer hybrid-molekularen Diode, die aus einem Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronen (HBC) im Tunnelspalt eines RTMs besteht, durch einen kovalent an das HBC gebundenen Ladungstransferkomplex modifiziert. Dies wird als wichtiger Schritt in Richtung einer mono-molekularen Elektronik angesehen.The use of single molecules as active components in electronic devices is presently considered a potential alternative to semiconductor-based nano-scale electronics since it directly provides precisely-defined nano-scale components for electronic devices which eventually allows for simple processing and devicefabrication. In this thesis the self-assembly and electron transport properties of conjugated molecules are investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) at solid-liquid interfaces and under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and low temperatures. The use of the molecules in hybrid-molecular electronic devices and potential approaches to a mono-molecular electronics are explored. In particular, electron-donor-acceptor-multiads are shown to exhibit a nano-phase-segregation at the solid-liquid interface which allows for the integration of different electronic functions at the nano-scale. Furthermore, the dependence of the electronic coupling of stacked disk-like molecules on the lateral off-set in the stack is demonstrated experimentally which offers new possibilities for the control of the electronic properties of these three-dimensional architectures. In addition the first STM/STS experiments on charge transfer in single organic donor-acceptor complexes are presented. Finally, charge transfer complexes are combined with the approach of nano-phase-segregation to realize the first single-molecule transistor with integrated nanometer-sized gates. In this prototypical device the current through a hybrid-molecular diode made from a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) in the junction of the STM is modified by charge transfer complexes covalently attached to the HBC in the gap. Since the donor which complexes the covalently attached acceptor comes from the ambient fluid the set-up represents a single-molecule chemical field-effect transistor with nanometer-sized gates. This is considered a major step towards mono-molecular electronics.
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Niederhausen, Jens. "Electronic and structural properties of conjugated molecules at molecular hetero-interfaces and on metal surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17218.
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Diese Arbeit behandelt elektronische und strukturelle Eigenschaften dünner Schichten aus konjugierten organischen Molekülen (COMs), aufgebracht auf Metalloberflächen per Vakuum-Sublimation. Diese Eigenschaften sind essenziell für Funktionsrealisierung und -optimierung organischer Elektronikbauteile. Teil 1 diskutiert zwei Ansätze zur Energieniveauanpassung (ELA) an Organik-Metall-Grenzflächen zur Einstellung der dortigen Löcherinjektionsbarrieren (HIBs) durch (Über-)Kompensation des abträglichen "Push-back"-Effekts: - Ausnutzung der besonderen ELA bei Chalkogen-Metall-Bindungen, hier gezeigt mit Hilfe von Röntgen- und Ultraviolettphotoelektronenspektroskopie (UPS/XPS) für ein Seleno-funktionalisiertes COM - Einfügen von COMs mit ausgeprägtem Elektronen-Akzeptorcharakter vor dem Aufbringen der aktiven Schicht. UPS-Messungen zeigen, dass beide Ansätze HIBs von ca. 0.3 eV ermöglichen. Teil 2 untersucht ausgewählte organische Heterostrukturen auf Metallen. Die Untersuchungen identifizieren einen Ladungstransfer vom Metall zur Überschicht (MOCT) als verantwortlich dafür, das System bei Ferminiveau-Pinning in den Gleichgewichtszustand zu überführen. Detaillierte Untersuchungen gestatten die Identifikaton von ganzzahligem Ladungstransfer zu einem Teil der Moleküle in der ersten Überschichtlage und den Einfluss der Dipol-Abstoßung in der Überschicht. In Teil 3 dienen Metalloberflächen als Auflage für supramolekulare Architekturen mit dipolaren Bausteinen. Rastertunnelmikroskopie (STM) an einer Serie von teils partiell fluorierten, stäbchenförmigen COMs mit unterschiedlich großen Dipolmomenten ermöglicht die Entflechtung von Dipol-Dipol- und konkurierenden Wechselwirkungen physisorbierter Submonolagen auf Ag(111). Ein anderes, stark dipolares COM bildet bei Monolagenbedeckung auf Au(111) sechs Phasen, alle mit antiferroelektrischer Einheitszellen. UPS-Messungen ergeben eine bevorzugte Ausrichtung der Moleküle in Multilagen.In this thesis, the electronic and structural properties of thin films of conjugated organic molecules (COMs) vacuum-deposited on metal surfaces are studied. These properties are essential for realization and optimization of device functionalities in the field of organic electronics. Part 1 discusses two approaches for engineering the energy-level alignment (ELA), and, thereby, optimizing hole injection barriers (HIBs), at organic/metal interfaces via (over)compensation of the detrimental "push-back": - Exploiting the peculiar ELA at chalcogen-metal bonds, shown here (with X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, UPS/XPS) for a seleno-functionalized COM - inserting electron-accepting COMs prior to deposition of active layers. UPS shows that both approaches realize HIBs into the active COM as low as 0.3 eV. Part 2 studies selected organic/organic heterostructures on metal surfaces. These studies allow to propose that metal to overlayer charge transfer (MOCT), is responsible for achieving electronic equilibrium when such systems are Fermi-level pinned. Detailed investigations allowed identifying integer charge transfer to a fraction of the molecules in the first overlayer and the influence of the dipole-repulsion on the overlayer. In Part 3, metal surfaces are used as support for supramolecular architecture with polar building blocks. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of a series of rod-like COMs with and without partial fluorination and with different dipole moments help disentangling the delicate balance dipole-dipole and competing interactions for sub-monolayer films physisorbed on Ag(111). For another, highly-polar COM at ca. monolayer coverage on Au(111), STM identifies six phases. All phases are found to exhibit anti-ferroelectric unit cells. UPS evidences a preferential alignment of multilayer molecules.
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Tsutsumi, Jun'ya. "Solid-state structures and electronic properties of organic molecules fabricated by connecting electron donor and acceptor components." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124380.
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Weber, Alexander. "Supramolecular organisation, conformation and electronic properties of porphyrin molecules on metal substrates." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/201.
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The investigation and control of molecular properties is currently a dynamic research field. Here I present molecular level studies of porphyrin molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces via Low Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy (STM/STS), supported by complementary X-ray absorption experiments. Intermolecular and molecule-surface interactions of tetrapyrdil porphyrin (TPyP) on Ag(111) and Cu(111) were investigated. TPyP self-assembles on Ag(111) over a wide sample temperature range into large, highly-ordered 2D chiral domains. By contrast, adsorption of TPyP on the more reactive Cu(111) leads to temperature dependent assemblies, governed decisively by the strong substrate influence. The increased metal-surface interactions on Cu(111) are accompanied by a conformational distortion of the porphyrin macrocycle. The TPyP’s pyridil groups were coordinated with single iron molecules, forming metal-organic complexes. Furthermore, the porphyrin’s macrocycle was metalated by exposing a layer of well-ordered TPyP to an iron atom beam, demonstrating a novel approach towards the fabrication of metallo-tetraaryl porphyrins performed in two dimensions under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. This method was similarly used to form lanthanideporphyrinates by coordinating tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) macrocycles with cerium. The influence of the metal center on the porphyrins’ electronic structure was investigated via STS for TPP, TPyP,Fe−TPyP, Fe−TPP, Ce−TPP, and Co−TPP, whereby the inhomogenous electron density distribution associated with individual frontier orbitals were imaged via dI/dV mapping. The symmetry and form of the molecular orbitals could be directly correlated to the saddle-shaped conformational adaptation for the case of Co −TPP.
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Costi, T. A. "Electronic properties of intermediate valence compounds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355734.
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Yang, Lin. "Interaction of molecules and helical nanoparticles characterized by electronic circular dichroism." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/523.
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It is of fundamental significance to differentiate an enantiomer from its mirror image (i.e., enantiodifferentiation), through monitoring optical activity (OA) of enantiomers that is typically characterized by electronic circular dichroism (ECD or CD) in the UV-visible region. However, sub-wavelength molecular dimensions substantially prevent enantiomers from effectively perceiving the different circular polarization states, leading to low enantiomeric OA and weak enantiodifferentiation. Some approaches have been developed to amplify the enantiomeric OA; alternatively, on the basis of the emerging chiral metamaterials of metallic helical nanoparticles (HNPs) I devise two methods to enhance the enantiodifferentiation. First, I employ glancing angle deposition (GLAD) to deposit Ag HNPs with a helical pitch (P) larger than wire diameter (d) of the helical, i.e., Ag nanohelices (AgNHs). AgNHs exhibit strong plasmonic CD composed of a broadband longitudinal mode (i.e., L-mode) in the visible region, a transverse mode (i.e., T-mode) at a wavelength of ~370 nm, and a dielectric mode in the deep UV region (at a wavelength shorter than 320 nm). Adsorption of alkyl ligands on the AgNHs markedly weakens the two plasmonic CD modes, and the T-mode is weakened more seriously than the L-mode. The deterioration of the plasmonic CD is exacerbated with increasing the bonding energy of the Ag-alkyl ligand contacts, attributed to the increase of the dielectric constant of the medium of the AgNHs (εr) and the electron withdrawal from the AgNHs towards the alkyl ligands. Derived from the ligand-induced weakening of the plasmonic CD, enantiodifferentiation of L-Glutathione (L-GSH) from D-GSH is dramatically enhanced. The chiroptical weakening sensitively varies with the absolute configuration of GSH, resulting in an enantiodifferentiation anisotropic g factor of ~0.5 that is independent on the AgNH helicity. The AgNH-induced anisotropy g factor is superior to those obtained by other methods, by 2 - 4 orders of magnitude. It is the largest achieved up-to-date, as high as one-fourth of the theoretical maximum. Second, I operate GLAD with fast substrate rotation to reduce P less than d, to generate AgHNPs that exhibit negligible dielectric CD in the deep UV region, offering a helical substrate to directly amplify the OA of enantiomers grafted on the AgHNPs. The anchoring of enantiomers on AgHNPs with the sub-5 nm P leads to the enantioselective amplification of the enantiomeric OA in roughly ten folds; the LH- and RH-AgHNPs give rise to amplify the OA of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers, respectively. It is ascribed to the change of the dihedral angle of an enantiomer adsorbed on AgHNPs. Such the enantioselective amplification tends not to occur as long as P > 5 nm. Moreover, given the enantiodifferentiation of biomolecules that are typically dissolved in an aqueous solution, the effect of water on the plasmonic CD of AgHNPs is investigated and compared with that of AgNHs. Hydrophobic AgNHs with high structural porosity give rise to the irreversible water effect on the plasmonic CD; and hydrophilic AgHNPs with low structural porosity lead to the reversible water effect. At the end, I devise a new methodology to generate plasmonic CD through chirality transfer from chiral host to achiral guest, owing to the helicity duplication of the achiral guest from the chiral host. It leads to inducing chiroptical activity of the achiral guest made of some plasmonic materials that aren't facilely sculptured in the helical. The new methodology effectively broadens the range of materials made from the chiral nanostructures, which is on demand to develop diverse chirality-related bioapplications.
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Al-Owaedi, Oday. "Electronic properties of nano and molecular quantum devices." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/84113/.
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The exploring and understanding the electronic properties of molecules connected to metallic leads is a vital part of nanoscience if molecule is to have a future. This thesis documents a study for various families of organic and organometallic molecules, which offer unique concepts and new insights into the electronic properties of molecular junctions. Different families of molecules were studied using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism of transport theory. The main results of this thesis are as follows: A quantum circuit rule for combining quantum interference effects in the conductive properties of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE)-type molecules possessing three aromatic rings was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Molecules were of the type X-Y-X, where X represents pyridyl anchors with para (p), meta (m) or ortho (o) connectivities and Y represents a phenyl ring with p and m connectivities. The conductances Gxmx (Gxpx) of molecules of the form X-m-X (X-p-X), with meta (para) connections in the central ring, were predominantly lower (higher), irrespective of the meta, para or ortho nature of the anchor groups X, demonstrating that conductance is controlled by the nature of quantum interference in the central ring Y. The singlemolecule conductances were found to satisfy the quantum circuit rule Gppp/Gpmp=Gmpm/Gmmm. This demonstrates that the contribution to the conductance from the central ring is independent of the para versus meta nature of the anchor groups. The conductance and the decay of conductance as a function of molecular length within a homologous series of oligoynes, Me3Si― (C≡C)n―SiMe3 (n = 2, 3, 4, or 5), is shown to depend strongly on the solvent medium. Single molecule junction conductance measurements have been made with the I(s) method for each member of the series Me3Si―(C≡C)n―SiMe3 (n = 2, 3, 4, and 5) in mesitylene (MES), 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene (TCB), and propylene carbonate (PC). In mesitylene, a lower conductance is obtained across the whole series with a higher length decay (β ≈ 1 nm−1). In contrast, measurements in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and propylene carbonate give higher conductance values with lower length decay (β ≈ 0.1 and 0.5 nm−1 respectively). This behaviour is rationalized through theoretical investigations, where β values are found to be higher when the contact Fermi energies are close to the middle of the HOMO−LUMO gap but decrease as the Fermi energies approach resonance with either the occupied or unoccupied frontier orbitals. The different conductance and β values between MES, PC, and TCB have been further explored using DFT-based models of the molecular junction, which include solvent molecules interacting with the oligoyne backbone. Good agreement between the experimental results and these “solvated” junction models is achieved, giving new insights into how solvent can influence charge transport in oligoyne-based single molecule junctions. The single molecule conductances of a series of bis-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine complexes featuring Ru(II), Fe(II), and Co(II) metal ions and trimethylsilylethynyl (Me3SiC≡C−) or thiomethyl (MeS-) surface contact groups have been determined theoretically and experimentally. The single molecule conductance of metal complexes of general form transRu(C≡CArC≡CY)2(dppe)2 and trans-Pt(C≡CArC≡CY)2(PPh3)2 (Ar = 1,4-C6H2-2,5- (OC6H13)2; Y = 4-C5H4N, 4-C6H4SMe) have been determined theoretically and experimentally. The complexes display high conductance (Y = 4-C5H4N, M = Ru (0.4±0.18 nS), Pt (0.8±0.5 nS); Y = 4-C6H5SMe, M = Ru (1.4±0.4 nS), Pt (1.8±0.6 nS)) for molecular structures of ca. 3 nm in length, which has been attributed to transport processes arising from tunneling through the tails of LUMO states.
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Melgar, Freire María Dolores. "Keplerates: from Electronic Structure to Dynamic Properties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/349212.
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Aquesta tesi està centrada en l'estudi dels Keplerats, una família de polioxometalats amb simetria icosaèdrica. Els polioxometalats són clústers inorgànics aniònics formats per uniats MOn, on M és un metall de transició normalment en el seu estat d'oxidació més elevat. (Mo(VI), W(VI), V(V)...). Per una banda, l'estructura electrònica dels Keplerats s'ha estudiat des d'un punt de vista de la Teoría del Funcional de la Densitat (DFT). A més, s'ha analitzat la interacció entre la càpsula Mo132 i els seus corresponents lligands interns. Per altra banda, amb col·laboració amb altres grups, tant experimentals com teòrics, es proposa un mecanisme de formació de la càpsula Mo132 a partir de dades obtingudes mitjançant espectroscòpia Raman. Part d'aquesta informació obtinguda mitjançant DFT s'ha utilitzat per obtenir els paràmetres necessaris per portar a terme una sèrie de simulacions de Dinàmica Molecular amb la finalitat d'estudiar el comportament del macro-ió Mo132 en solució aquosa en presència de diferents cations (centrant-se en la importància de la hidrofobicitat del catió), així com els efectes de la temperatura en aquest comportament.Esta Tesis está centrada en el estudio de Kepleratos, una familia de polioxometalatos con simetría icosaédrica. Los polioxometalatos son clusters inorgánicos anionicos compuestos por unidades MOn, donde M es un metal de transición normalmente en su estado de oxidación más alto (Mo(VI), W(VI), V(V)...). Por un lado, la estructura electrónica de los Kepleratos se ha estudiado desde un punto de vista de la Teoría del Funcional Densidad (DFT). Además, se ha analizado la interacción entre la cápsula Mo132 y sus correspondientes ligandos internos. Por otro lado, en colaboración con otros grupos, tanto experimental como teórico, se propone un mecanismo de formación de la cápsula Mo132 a partir de los datos obtenidos mediante espectroscopía Raman. Parte de la información obtenida mediante DFT se ha utilizado para obtener los parámetros necesarios para realizar una serie de simulaciones de Dinámica Molecular con el fin de estudiar el comportamiento del macro-ión Mo132 en solución acuosa en presencia de diferentes cationes (centrándose en la importancia de la hidrofobicidad del catión), así como los efectos de la temperatura en dicho comportamiento.
This Thesis is aimed at the study of a family of icosahedral symmetry polyoxometalates: the so-called Keplerates. Polyoxometalates are inorganic anionic clustters composed of MOn units, where M represents a transition metal atom usually at its highest state of oxidation Mo(VI), W(VI), V(V)...). On one hand, the electronic structure of Keplerates is studied from a Density Functional Theorey (DFT) point of view. Furthermore, the interaction between the Mo132 capsule and its inner ligands has been analyzed. On the other hand, in collaboration with both experimental and theoretical groups, a formation mechanism for the Mo132 capsule is proposed, based on Raman espectroscopy data. Part of the information achieved by DFT has been used to obtain the parameters required in order to perform Molcular Dynamics simulations regarding the behaviour of the Mo132 macro-ion in aqueous solution in the presence of different cations (focusing on the relevance of the hydrophobic character of teh cation), as well as the effects that temperature has on the system.
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Richard, Coralie Adèle. "Tailoring benzodithiophene core molecules for organic electronic applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53419.
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In this dissertation, the multiple facets of benzodithiophene (BDT) units are explored, with a focus on understanding how the isomerism of the BDT structure affects the macroscopic properties of the oligomeric and polymeric materials created. First, the story focuses on an overview of the BDT synthons and their applications in organic electronics. A straightforward synthesis of BDT and its derivatization to seven π-conjugated building blocks and seven polymers is presented. Then, symmetric (donor)2-acceptor (D2-A) dye architecture for application in dye-sensitized solar cells are investigated. Two isomeric systems are studied, and the branched sensitizers show a greater incident photon-to-current efficiency than the linear dyes. The nature of the accepting core is also varied between dibenzophenazine to dithienophenazine. The sensitizer with the weakest accepting core displays the best photovoltaic performance, due to an increase in the open-circuit voltage of ~100 mV caused by the favorable shift of the metal oxide conduction band. Lastly, a study of the donating building blocks in these (D2-A) sensitizers demonstrates that increasing the number of donor units from two to six thiophene moiety doubles the solar cell performance, due to the improvement of the light harvesting ability.
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Zhao, Mali. "Electronic Properties of Graphene Functionalized with 2D Molecular Assemblies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS013.
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Le graphène a des propriétés électroniques et mécaniques extraordinaires en raison de sa structure de bande linéaire. Toutefois, l'absence d’une bande interdite limite l’utilisation du graphène dans les dispositifs électroniques. Ajuster la bande interdite de graphène permettrait un contrôle précis des porteurs de charge. Une solution prometteuse consiste à modifier le graphène par des briques élémentaires de molécules organiques. Les molécules organiques avec un ion métallique (métal-porphyrine et métal-phtalocyanine) sont des candidats potentiels en raison de leur structure robuste et de leurs propriétés de charge et de spin qui peuvent être modulées. Dans cette thèse, le graphène a été préparé par la sublimation d’atomes de Si sur les faces de Si et de C- du substrat SiC. Trois molécules qui transportent l'information de spin différents ont été étudiés avec le STM. A travers des collaborateurs les calculs DFT, nous apporte des informations complémentaires. La première molécule utilisée dans notre expérience est la phtalocyanine de Ni (NiPc). L'ion Ni²⁺ a une configuration d'électrons 3d⁸ avec au état de spin de 0. La seconde molécule est la tétraphénylporphyrine de Pt (PtTPP (CO₂Me)₄). L'ion Pt²⁺ montre également une configuration d'électrons 3d8 à un état de spin de zéro. Cependant, l'atome Pt est plus lourd que celui du Ni. Promettant des effets spin orbite plus importants. La troisième molécule est tétraphénylporphyrine de fer (III) chlorure (FeTPPCl). Le Fe³⁺ est dans l'état haut spin (S = 5/2). Chacune de ces trois molécules forment un réseau moléculaire carré bien ordonné sur le graphène. Les directions de réseau moléculaires sont dominées par la symétrie du graphène, tandis que les orientations moléculaires dépendent des interactions inter moléculaires. Les couplages électroniques entre chaque molécule et le graphène sont transmis par la force de Van der Waals, qui donne lieu à des interfaces capacitifs entre la couche de graphène et les molécules. Les interactions électroniques entre les molécules FeTPP et graphène sont plus fortes que celles entre NiPc ou PtTPP et le graphène. Les études des molécules organiques avec adsorbées sur le graphène des spins différents a le potentiel d’ouvrir la voie à l'application de l'interface organométallique molécules/ graphène dans les dispositifs de spintroniqueGraphene has extraordinary properties because of its linear band structure and zero band gap. However, the lack of a band gap hinders the implementation of graphene in electronics; tuning the band gap of graphene would enable a precise control of the charge carriers. One of the promising solutions is to modify graphene with organic molecular building blocks. Organic molecules with a metal ion (metal- porphyrin, metal- phthalocyanine) are potential candidates, because of their robust structure and the fact that their charge and spin properties can be tuned. In this thesis, graphene was prepared by sublimating Si atoms from both Si and C- terminated SiC substrates. Three molecules which carry different spin information were studied by STM experiments. Through collaborations, DFT calculations were used to improve our understanding of the molecule- graphene interaction.The first molecule used in our experiment is Ni- phthalocyanine (NiPc). The Ni²⁺ ion has a 3d⁸ electron configuration, giving a spin- state of 0. The second molecule is Pt- tetraphenylporphyrin (PtTPP(CO₂Me)₄). The Pt²⁺ ion also shows a d8 electron configuration with a spin state of zero. However, the Pt atom is heavier than Ni, which should increase the spin- orbit effects. The third molecule is tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride (Fe(TPP)Cl). The Fe³⁺ in Fe(TPP)Cl is stable in the high spin state (S=5/2). These three molecules each form well- ordered nearly square lattice molecular networks on graphene. The molecular lattice directions are dominated by the graphene symmetry, while the molecular orientations depend on the molecule- molecule interactions. The electronic couplings between each of three molecules and graphene are via the Van der Waals forces, which gives rise to the capacitive molecular- layer/ graphene interfaces. The electronic interactions between FeTPP molecules and graphene are stronger than those between NiPc or PtTPP molecules and graphene. The studies of the organic molecules with different spin information on the graphene has the potential to pave the way for the application of organometallic molecules/graphene interface in spintronic devices
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Gruber, Manuel. "Electronic and magnetic properties of hybrid interfaces : from single molecules to ultra-thin molecular films on metallic substrates." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE035/document.
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Comprendre les propriétés des interfaces molécules/métaux est d’une importance capitale pour la spintronique organique. La première partie porte sur l’étude des propriétés magnétiques de molécules de phtalocyanine de manganèse. Nous avons montré que les premières couches moléculaires forment des colonnes avec un arrangement antiferromagnétique sur la surface de Co(100). Ces dernières mènent à de l’anisotropie d’échange. La seconde partie porte sur l’étude d’une molécule à transition de spin, la Fe(phen)2(NCS)2, sublimée sur différentes surfaces. Nous avons identifié les états de spin d’une molécule unique sur du Cu(100). De plus, nous avons commuté l’état de spin d’une molécule unique pourvu qu’elle soit suffisamment découplée du substratUnderstanding the properties of molecules at the interface with metals is a fundamental issue for organic spintronics. The first part is devoted to the study of magnetic properties of planar manganese-phthalocyanine molecules and Co films. We evidenced that the first molecular layers form vertical columns with antiferromagnetic ordering on the Co(100) surface. In turn, these molecular columns lead to exchange bias. The second part is focused on the study of a spin-crossover complex, Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 sublimed on different metallic surfaces. We identified the two spin states of a single molecules on Cu(100). By applying voltages pulses, we switched the spin state of a single molecule provided that it is sufficiently decoupled from the substrate
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Nurkkala, Lasse. "Design, Synthesis and Properties of Bipyridine-capped Oligothiophenes for Directed Energy and Electron Transfer in Molecular Electronic Applications." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-455.
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The earliest landmark in computer technology was construction of the Electronic Numerial Integrator and Computer, ENIAC. Computational switching was performed with vacuum tubes and relays, rather large in size, making this computer rather unwieldy. The next milestone came with the integration of transistors into computers as the switching component. Since then, transistors have been miniaturised dramatically, resulting in the amount of components integrated on a computer chip increasing logarithmically with time. The components are nowadays so small and so densely packed that problems with leak currents and cross-talk can arise and the lower limit for transistor size will soon be reached. In order to meet increasing demands on the size and performance of electronics, a new paradigm is due – the molecular electronics approach.
Oligothiophenes have been shown to possess the physical and chemical characteristics required for electron/energy transport in molecular systems. However oligothiophenes must be electronically coupled to other components within a molecular circuit for them to be functional. In this work, different modes of incorporation of [2,2’]-bipyridinyl functionalities onto the ends of prototypic oligothiophene wires have been examined. The bipyridine connectors allow complexation to metal centres which can then function as a source or sink of electrons in the circuit. Ruthenium tris-bipyridine complexes, in particular, possess interesting electrochemical and photophysical characteristics, making them suitable for use in molecular electronics.
This thesis reports synthetic strategies to a range of novel ligands based on the [2,2’]-bipyridinyl system, together with a study of the redox and fluorescence properties of their ruthenium tris-bipyridine complexes. The mode of connection between the chelating bipyridine and the first member of the oligothiophene chain was found to have a profound effect upon the fluorescence lifetimes and intensities of the resulting complexes. The discovery of complexes exhibiting long and intense fluorescence (a requirement for directed electron/energy transfer within molecular networks) thus forms an important design element in future prototypes.
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Silva, Francisco Wellery Nunes. "Structural, electronic and transport properties of nanoscaled systems." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22496.
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SILVA, F. W. N. Structural, eletronic and transport properties of nanoscaled systems. 2016. 93 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.Submitted by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-04-10T22:30:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_fwnsilva.pdf: 1674224 bytes, checksum: ed456e87a0f175e5aa88644ad830b785 (MD5)
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Band structure methods are applied in this work in order to study electronic and transport properties in nano-scaled systems. Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been employed in order to study the electronic properties of a hexagonal island of boron nitrite (hBN) embedded into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in both edge chiralities, zigzag and armchair. Furthermore, in our electronic calculation the spin contribution has been taken into account. The results regarding the non-doped systems revealed that a natural spin splitting is associated to the zigzag edged systems, while the armchair one is found to have a spin degenerated ground state. We also investigate the effects due carbon doping in the innermost ring of the h-BN cluster, where the C atom take the place either the Boron or Nitrogen atom. The doping lead to an even more polarized band structure, for energies nearby the Fermi level. The electronic transport properties have been studied applying the Landauer-B¨uttiker formalism, for all proposed systems, and the quantum conductance also exhibit a spin dependence. An application of the systems, as spin dependent molecular sensors is also considered. We have adsorbed different molecules onto electron rich/deficient devices and observed that the electronic conductance may be modulated by those adsorbed systems. Also, in order to verify the thermodynamic stability of the adsorbed systems we have performed Molecular Dynamics calculations under the Nos´e thermostat algorithm. In this thesis, we also have studied the electronic properties of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) by means the Slater-Koster tight-binding method for the electronic structure. The electronic transport properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoribbons (MoS2-NR) is considered, and our results show that the edges of the ribbons play an important role in the conductance framework. Our results show that even a small defect due the lack of a MoS2 triplet in the edge is sufficient to lead to a strong suppression of the conductance over the system. Furthermore, interference effects due to defects suggest that MoS2-NR may be applied as nano-diodes.
Métodos para cálculos de estrutura de banda são aplicados neste trabalho, a fim de estudar as propriedades eletrônicas e de transporte de sistemas em nanoescala. A teoria do funcional da densidade (DFT) foi empregada para estudar as propriedades eletrônicas de uma ilha hexagonal de nitreto de boro (h-BN) embutida em nanofitas de grafeno (GNRs), considerando ambas as quiralidades de bordas, zigzag e armchair. Além disso, a contribuição do spin foi levada em conta no nosso cálculo eletrônico. Os resultados referentes aos sistemas não dopados mostraram a existência de uma polarização de spin natural associado a sistemas de borda zigzag, enquanto os sistemas de borda armchair são encontrados com spin degenerados no estado fundamental. Nós também investigamos os efeitos devido a dopagem com carbono no anel mais interno de um cluster de h-BN, onde o átomo C toma o lugar de um átomo de Boro ou de um átomo de Nitrogênio. A dopagem conduz a uma estrutura de bandas ainda mais polarizada, para energias próximas ao nível de Fermi. As propriedades de transporte eletrônico foram estudadas aplicando o formalismo de Landauer-Büttiker, para todos os sistemas propostos, e a condutância quântica também apresenta uma dependência de spin. Uma aplicação dos sistemas, como sensores moleculares dependentes de spin também é considerada. Nós adsorvemos diferentes moléculas em dispositivos ricos/deficientes de elétrons e observamos que a condutância eletrônica pode ser modulada por esses sistemas moleculares. Além disso, a fim de verificar a estabilidade termodinâmica dos sistemas adsorvidos realizamos cálculos de dinâmica molecular sob o algoritmo de termostato proposto por Nosé. Nessa tese, nós também estudamos as propriedades eletrônicas dos metais de transição dicalgogenados (TMDCs) por meio do método tight-binding como proposto por Slater-Koster, aplicado a estrutura eletrônica. As propriedades de transporte eletrônico das nanofitas de dissulfeto de molibdênio (MoS2NRs) são consideradas, e os nossos resultados mostram que as bordas das fitas desempenham um papel importante no quadro da condutância. Os nossos resultados mostram que mesmo um pequeno defeito devido a falta de um trío de MoS2 na borda é suficiente para levar a uma forte supressão da condutância ao longo do sistema. Além disso, efeitos de interferência devido aos defeitos, sugerem que MoS2NRs podem ser aplicadas como nanodiodos.
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Olegário, Raquel Maria. "Theoretical studies of electronic structure and magnetic properties of small molecules." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627171.
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Evans, R. J. "Electronic properties of molecular beam epitaxy structures prepared by regrowth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598882.
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This dissertation is concerned with the fabrication and physics of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) regrown semiconductor devices. I use the term regrown to refer to a structure which has been fabricated by MBE growth over a surface which has been ex-situ patterned. The structures presented in this dissertation can be subdivided into two broad categories: the narrow facet channels and the patterned back-gates. The narrow facet channels form part of a new class of devices, where the amphoteric nature of silicon dopant in the AlGaAs lattice is used to create lateral confinement. Growth of a GaAs A1GaAs heterostructure over a (311)A substrate, which is etched to expose a narrow (100) facet, results in the formation of a narrow two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) on the facet which is interspersed between two, two dimensional hole gases (2DHGs). The transport characteristics of the narrow 2DEG can be modulated by applying voltage to the adjacent hole gases, i.e. biasing either or both of the two dimensional p-n junctions formed between the 2DEG and 2DHGs. The actual width of the electron channel was found to be considerably smaller that the lithographic facet width. Theoretical modelling showed that this was a result of the fabrication and growth of the sample and not the electro-statics of the system. The inverse structure of a narrow 2DHG interspersed between two 2DHGs was also fabricated. The transport through the narrow 2DHG could be modulated in a similar manner. The patterned back-gated structures are the simplest illustration of the fabrication technique and are discussed first in the dissertation. The patterned back-gate is formed as islands of n+ GaAs on an undoped GaAs substrate. Subsequently grown continuous layers are therefore guided in three dimensions over a wafer surface with regions of differing semiconductor compositions. This is a wafer scale fabrication technique, which completely dismisses the need for complicated lithography. The patterned back-gate was used to distinguish between the presence of an extended state formed between two 2DEGs and a second subband formed in one of the 2DEGs. The second subband was then used as a probe to characterise the regrowth interface. The series of back-gated long split gates showed quantisation plateaux illustrating the high quality of the samples fabricated using the regrowth technique.
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Lockwood, Daren M. "Molecular dynamics investigations of protein volumetric properties and electronic dynamics /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Hewa-Bosthanthirige, Mihiri Shashikala. "Structural and electronics properties of noncovalently functionalized graphene." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2013. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1286.
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Recent experimental work has demonstrated production of quasi free-standing graphene by methane intercalation. The intercalation weakens the coupling of adjacent graphene layers and yields Dirac fermion behaviour of monolayer graphene. We have investigated the electronic characteristics of methane intercepted graphene bilayer under a perpendicularly applied electric field. Evolution of the band structure of intercalated graphene as a function of the bias is studied by means of density-functional theory including interlayer van der Waals interactions. The implications of controllable band gap opening in methane-intercalated graphene for future device applications are discussed.
Noncovalent functionalization provides an effective way to modulate the electronic properties of graphene. Recent experimental work has demonstrated that hybrids of dipolar phototransductive molecules tethered to graphene are reversibly tunable in doping. We have studied the electronic structure characteristics of chromophore/graphene hybrids using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The Dirac point of noncovalently functionalized graphene shifts upward via cis-trans isomerism, which is attributed to a change in the chromophore's dipole moment. Our calculation results reveal that the experimentally observed reversible doping of graphene is attributed to the change in charge transfer between the light-switchable chromophore and graphene via isomerization. Furthermore, we show that by varying the electric field perpendicular to the supramolecular functionalized graphene, additional tailoring of graphene doping can be accomplished.
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Pankow, Joel Walter. "Effects of dopant molecules on the electronic properties of organic thin films: Solid state conductivity measurements and surface electron spectroscopic techniques." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185399.
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Organic molecular electronic materials are used in many applications such as chemical sensors, p-n junction devices, photovoltaics and xerography. Chlorogallium phthalocyanine (GaPc-Cl), shown by previous research in this group to have exceptional photoelectrochemical properties and sensitivity to chemical dopants such as oxygen and hydrogen, is suspected to be influenced by growth conditions and subsequent exposure to ambient conditions. GaPc-Cl films were grown on interdigitated array microcircuits in an ultra high vacuum chamber and several solid state parameters (in vacuum) were measured. This yielded information concerning: structural trap concentration; chemical impurity concentration and energetic levels; trap depths; ohmic or space charge limited current behavior; quantum efficiencies; and, photocurrent sensitivity to changes in illumination intensity. Films with higher chemical impurity concentrations had larger rise and decay times; high dark currents and low dark activation energies; larger photoactivation energies; a poor contrast of photo-to-dark current; extended ohmic regions in dark current-voltage curves; enhanced absorbed light quantum efficiencies; and low sensitivity of photocurrent to changes in light intensity. Chemical dopants (O₂, NH₃, NO₂ and TCNQ) were then chemisorbed on the films and uptake curves were obtained by monitoring dark and/or photocurrent responses. Solid state measurements were repeated for comparison and contrast to the native state. O₂ and NH₃ cause irreversible dark and photocurrent decreases followed by reversible dark and photocurrent increases. TCNQ and NO₂ caused immediate reversible photo and dark current increases. Solid state parameters varied depending on whether the dopant was surface-bound (TCNQ), or could intercalate into the bulk (O₂, NH₃ and NO₂). XPS and UPS experiments were conducted on native GaPc-Cl or TCNQ films and bilayers of these two compounds. UPS established HOMO levels for GaPc-Cl and TCNQ and substantiated feasibility of GaPc-Cl oxidation; however, no useful XPS/UPS information was obtained for reactions between GaPc-Cl and TCNQ primarily because of overlapping spectral regions. XPS quantitation of TCNQ peak areas established identities of carbon atoms responsible for them. TCNQ deposition on various work function metals demonstrated the identity of TCNQ carbons susceptible to reduction.
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Haque, Md Firoze H. "Single-electron transport spectroscopy studies of magnetic molecules and nanoparticles." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4914.
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Magnetic nanoparticles and molecules, in particular ferromagnetic noble metal nanoparticles, molecular magnet and single-molecule magnets (SMM), are perfect examples to investigate the role of quantum mechanics at the nanoscale. For example, SMMs are known to reverse their magnetization by quantum tunneling in the absence of thermal excitation and show a number of fundamental quantum mechanical manifestations, such as quantum interference effects. On the other hand, noble metal nanoparticles are found to behave ferromagnetically for diameters below a few nanometers. Some of these manifestations are still intriguing, and novel research approaches are necessary to advance towards a more complete understanding of these exciting nanoscale systems. In particular, the ability to study an isolated individual nanoscale system (i.e just one molecule or nanoparticle) is both challenging technologically and fundamentally essential. It is expected that accessing to the energy landscape of an isolated molecule/nanoparticle will allow unprecedented knowledge of the basic properties that are usually masked by collective phenomena when the systems are found in large ensembles or in their crystal form. Several approaches to this problem are currently under development by a number of research groups. For instance, some groups are developing deposition techniques to create patterned thin films of isolated magnetic nanoparticles and molecular magnets by means of optical lithography, low-energy laser ablation, or pulsed-laser evaporation or specific chemical functionalization of metallic surfaces with special molecular ligands. However, it is still a challenge to access the properties of an individual molecule or nanoparticle within a film or substrate. I have studied molecular nanomagnets and ferromagnetic noble metal nanoparticles by means of a novel experimental approach that mixes the chemical functionalization of nano-systems with the use of single-electron transistors (SETs). I have observed the Coulomb-blockade single-electron transport response through magnetic gold nanoparticles and single-molecule magnet. In particular, Coulomb-blockade response of a Mn[sub4]-based SET device recorded at 240 mK revealed the appearance of two diamonds (two charge states) with a clear switch between one and the other is indicative of a conformational switching of the molecule between two different states. The excitations inside the diamonds move with magnetic field. The curvature of the excitations and the fact of having them not going down to zero energy for zero magnetic field, indicated the presence of magnetic anisotropy (zero-field splitting) in the molecule. In addition, the high magnetic field slope of the excitations indicates that transitions between charge states differ by a net spin value equal to 9 (|ΔS| = 9), as expected from the behavior of Mn4 molecules in their crystalline form. Anticrossings between different excitations are indicative of quantum superpositions of the molecular states, which are observed for the first time in transport measurements through and individual SMM.ID: 029810145; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-98).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Physics
Sciences
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Shee, Avijit. "Relativistic coupled cluster theory - in molecular properties and in electronic structure." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30053/document.
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L'importance des effets relativistes dans la chimie a été reconnu depuis les années 1980. Par exemple, sans la relativité (a) l'or aurait la même couleur que l'argent (b) le mercure ne serait pas liquide à la température ambiante et (c) nos voitures ne démarrent pas avec une batterie de plomb. Pour une description théorique de la structure et la réactivité des éléments lourds, la relativité est un ingrédient essentiel. Le hamiltonien pour les calculs moléculaires relativistes à 4 composantes est construit en remplaçant la partie mono-électronique de l'hamiltonien électronique non-relativiste par le hamiltonien de Dirac. La partie bi-électronique est approchée par le terme de r Coulomb comme dans le cas non relativiste, ce qui donnel'hamiltonien de Dirac-Coulomb (DC). Pour réduire le coût de calcul, on peut utiliser des hamiltoniens relativistes à 2 composantes. Parmi eux, l'hamiltonien exact à 2 composantes (X2C) est le plus précise. La corrélation électronique est, cependant, une contribution très importante pour obtenir une description théorique à la fois qualitative et quantitative des spectroscopies moléculaires, réactions, etc. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'interaction entre la relativité et de la corrélation. à la fois par des développements méthodologiques et par des applications moléculaires. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous avons calculé les constantes spectroscopiques dimères des gaz rares lourds. La liaison faible de ces dimères ne peut être décrit que par l'inclusion de la corrélation électronique. Les dimères des gaz rares les plus lourds, le radon et l'eka-radon, nécessite de plus un traitement adéquat de la relativité. Nos calculs sont basés sur l'hamiltonien X2Cmmf, à la fois avec des méthodes de corrélation basés sur une fonction d'onde et séparation de porte (srDFT). La deuxième partie de cette thèse concerne la simulation de la spectroscopie des rayons X, où l'on sonde la région du cœur d'une molécule, ou la relativité joue un rôle très important. Nous avons étudié la spectroscopie L-edge de la série isoélectronique: UO22 +, UNO+, et UN2, où le couplage spin-orbite joue un rôle majeur. Au niveau des méthodes, nous avons considéré MP2 à couches ouvertes et la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendante de temps (TDDFT). Dans un autre étude, nous avons simulé la spectroscopie K-edge de la série H2X (X = O, S, Se, Te) et XH3 (X = N, P, As) ainsi que les molécules N2 et N2O2. Pour ces systèmes, l'interaction spin-orbite est moins important. Par conséquent, nous avons utilisé un hamiltonien DC sans spin (SF). Certains des systèmes pris en compte dans ce travail sont de caractère multi-référentielles ; nous avons utilisé la methode Coupled Cluster Multi-référentielle de type State Universal et adapté au groupe unitaire (UGA-SUMRCC) comme une méthode de corrélation. Dans la troisième et partie principale de la thèse, l'attention est de nouveau sur la relativité et de la corrélation, mais pour le calcul des propriétés électriques et magnétiques moléculaires. Nous avons développé et mis en œuvre un module pour le calcul des valeurs moyennes au niveau relativiste à 4-composantes coupled cluster monoréferentiel. Les propriétés qui sondent la densité électronique près de noyaux (lourds), telles que la résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE), les paramètres des gradients de champ électrique et la non-conservation de la parité (NCP) des molécules chirales ,sont parfaitement adaptés pour l'application de cette méthode. Pour l'instant, nous avons étudié que la NCP. Ce module dans le logiciel DIRAC pour les calculs moléculaires relativistes fournit un cadre propice pour la mise en œuvre de méthodes de CC relativistes employant la symétrie de groupes doubles et de permutation de manière très efficace. En perspective, nous ciblons la mise en œuvre de la réponse linéaire CC pour le calcul des énergies d'excitation et propriétés moléculaires de second ordre tels que les paramètres de RMNThe importance of relativistic effects in chemistry has been recognized since the 1980s. Without relativity (a) gold would have the same colour as silver (b) mercury would not be liquid at room temperature (c) our cars would not start (lead-battery). For a theoretical description of the structure and reactivity of heavy-elements, relativity is considered as an essential ingredient. The Hamiltonian for the 4-component relativistic molecular calculations is constructed by replacing the one-electronic part of the non-relativistic molecular Hamiltonian by the Dirac Hamiltonian. The two-electronic part of the Hamiltonian is approximated by the Coulombic repulsion term as in the non-relativistic case. The resulting Hamiltonian is called the Dirac-Coulomb (DC) Hamiltonian. For chemical applications there exist a class of relativistic Hamiltonians, where one-electronic part of the DC Hamiltonian is transformed to a 2-component one. Among them the eXcact 2-component (X2C) Hamiltonian is the most accurate one. Electron correlation, however, is a very important contribution to achieve a both qualitative and quantitative correct description of molecular spectroscopies, reactions etc. It is, therefore, essential to study the interplay between relativity and correlation. In this thesis, we have studied this interplay both in terms methodological developments and molecular applications. In the first part of the thesis we have studied the spectroscopic constants of the heavy rare gas dimers. The weak bonding of those dimers can only be described by the inclusion of electron correlation. The heavier analogues in the rare gas series i.e, Radon and eka-Radon, in addition require adequate treatment of relativity. Our calculations are based on the eXact 2-Component molecular-mean field (X2Cmmf) Hamiltonian both with wave function methods and range-separated DFT methods. The second part of this thesis simulates X-ray spectroscopy, where one probes the core region of a molecule. In the core region relativity plays a very significant role. Removal and excitation of electrons from that region involve various processes, which are beyond a mean-field description. We have studied L-edge spectroscopy of the isoelectronic series: UO22+, UNO+, and UN2, where spin-orbit coupling plays a major role. For the theory we have considered single reference open-shell MP2 and Time Dependent Density functional Theory (TDDFT). In another work, we have studied K-edge spectroscopy of the H2X (X= O, S, Se, Te) and XH3 (X= N, P, As) series as well as N2, N2O2 molecules. For this study spin-orbit coupling is less important, therefore, we have treated them with the Spin-Free (SF) DC Hamiltonian. Some of the systems considered in this work are Multi-Reference in nature; we have used Unitary Group Adapted (UGA) State Universal Multi-reference Coupled Cluster (UGA-SUMRCC) theory as a correlation method. In the third and major part of the thesis, the thrust is again on relativity and correlation, but for the calculation of molecular electric and magnetic properties. We have developed and implemented a module for the calculation of expectation values at the 4-component Relativistic Single Reference Coupled Cluster level. Properties that probe the electron density near (heavy) nuclei, such as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) parameters, electric field gradients and parity non-conservation (PNC) in chiral molecules are ideally suited for the application of this method. However, we have only studied PNC so far. This module in the DIRAC software for relativstic molecular calculations provides a convenient framework for the implementation of relativistic CC methods employing double group and permutation symmetry very efficiently. In the near future we therefore target the implementation of Linear Response CC for the calculation of excitation energies and second-order molecular properties such as NMR parameters
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Pancholi, Prasoon. "Influence of barrier layer on optical and electronic properties of quantum dot molecules." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 90 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605158171&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Yang, Weidong. "Electronic structure and optical properties of self-assembled InAs quantum dots /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9947989.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-156). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9947989.
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Sujka, Marta. "Alignment and rectifying properties of donor-electron bridge-acceptor molecules." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/2295.
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Molecular electronics based on the bottom-up approach appears to be a promising
alternative to overcome the limitations of the top-down lithographic fabrication of
electronic devices. The ability to manipulate single or small groups of molecules
provides a great opportunity to build electronic devices at the molecular level. However,
before any device can be constructed, it is vital to understand the parameters that control
the device properties such as: molecular structure, conformation and arrangement at the
surface, the molecule-substrate and molecule-electrode interactions.
This thesis presents an investigation of the alignment of acceptor-electron bridge-donor
structures and describes how the molecular structure and arrangement affect rectifying
properties of the monolayers. Studies included typical Langmuir-Blodgett (LB),
chevron-shaped, and ionically coupled structures that were characterised using various
techniques, such as Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), Surface Plasmon Resonance
(SPR), Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy
(STS).
The results obtained showed that to achieve high rectification the molecules must form
ordered and stable monolayers that are able to withstand the electric field applied to the
junction. It was also shown that due to the disordered monolayer formation and
presence of certain ions, it was extremely difficult to state without doubt whether the
rectification was a result of the donor-electron bridge-acceptor structure proposed by
Aviram and Ratner1.
Studies of chevron-shaped molecules confirmed the possibility of depositing them
using the LB technique. However, the reduction of long aliphatic chains was very likely
balanced by the formation of less ordered or unstable monolayers. The highest
rectification ratio of 30 ± 3 at ± 1 V was obtained for 1-butyl-2,6-bis-[2-(4-
dibutylamino-phenyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium iodide (dye 7) and the origin of the I-V
asymmetry was attributed to back electron transfer from iodide to pyridinium ring.
Although dye 1-butyl-2,6-bis-(2-{4-[2-(4-dibutylamino-phenyl)-ethyl]-phenyl}-vinyl)- pyridinium iodide (dye 9) showed electrical asymmetry (RR=16 at plus/minus 1 V) shortly after
deposition onto the gold-coated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), it seemed
to form an unstable alignment and as a consequence the rectification decayed over a
period of a few hours.
Improved ordering, stability, and rectification were achieved from ionically coupled
structures, where the monolayers were formed using chemisorption and ionic assembly
instead of physisorption.
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Hansson, Anders. "Electronic Structure and Transport Properties of Carbon Based Materials." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Beräkningsfysik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7544.
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In the past decade the interest in molecular electronic devices has escalated. The synthesis of molecular crystals has improved, providing single crystals or thin films with mobility comparable with or even higher than amorphous silicon. Their mechanical flexibility admits new types of applications and usage of electronic devices. Some of these organic crystals also display magnetic effects. Furthermore, the fullerene and carbon nanotube allotropes of carbon are prominent candidates for various types of applications. The carbon nanotubes, in particular, are suitable for molecular wire applications with their robust, hollow and almost one-dimensional structure and diverse band structure. In this thesis, we have theoretically investigated carbon based materials, such as carbon nanotubes, pentacene and spiro-biphenalenyl neutral radical molecular crystals. The work mainly deals with the electron structure and the transport properties thereof. The first studies concerns effects and defects in devices of finite carbon nanotubes. The transport properties, that is, conductance, are calculated with the Landauer approach. The device setup contains two metallic leads attached to the carbon nanotubes. Structural defects as vacancies and bending are considered for single-walled carbon nanotubes. For the multi-walled carbon nanotubes the focus is on inter-shell interaction and telescopic junctions. The current voltage characteristics of these systems show clear marks of quantum dot behaviour. The influence of defects as vacancies and geometrical deformations are significant for infinite systems, but in these devices they play a minor role. The rest of the studies concern molecular crystals, treated with density-functional theory (DFT). Inspired by the enhance of the electrical conductivity obtained experimentally by doping similar materials with alkali metals, calculations were performed on bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes and pentacene crystals doped with potassium. The most prominent effect of the potassium intercalation is the shift of Fermi level in the nanotube bands. A sign of charge transfer of the valence electrons of the potassium atoms. Semi-conducting bundles become metallic and metallic bundles gain density of states at the Fermi level. In the semi-conducting pristine pentacene crystals structural transitions occur upon doping. The herringbone arrangement of the pristine pentacene molecules relaxes to a more π-stacked structure causing more dispersive bands. The charge transfer shifts the Fermi level into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital band and turns the crystal metallic. Finally, we have studied molecular crystals of spiro-biphenalenyl neutral radicals. According to experimental studies, some of these materials show simultaneous electrical, optical and magnetical bistability. The electronic properties of these crystals are investigated by means of DFT with a focus on the possible intermolecular interactions of radical spins.
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Aylward, Nigel Nunn. "Studies of electronic and structural properties of molecular clusters of prebiotic importance." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16328/.
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This thesis applies the ab initio techniques of computational chemistry to studies of molecular clusters containing covalent (strong) or van der Waals (weak) bonds formed in chemistry and biochemistry in the temperature range 10-300 K. Van derWaals complexes with an enthalpy of formation from reactants of less than 25 kJ mol-1 and covalent clusters are described in this thesis. The first group of van der Waals complexes involved the molecule carbon monoxide that possesses a small permanent dipole that could lead to dipole - induced dipole interaction and dipole - dipole interaction with another reactant in addition to dispersion. The substrates investigated were methanimine and cyanogen where endergonic unstable molecules were formed, and the clustering of carbon monoxideon a porphin surface leading to the formation of carbon - carbon fragments. TheFaraday effect was invoked to suggest that this was the original method by which thechirality of the D-sugars was selected. Coordination of imino-compounds on thesame surface involving induction and electrostatic interactions could lead to the preferential formation of L-aziridones, hydrolysable to L-amino-acids.The preferred formation of D-ribose, and the more stable D-2-deoxyribose, andnucleotides polymerisable to deoxyribonucleic acids was described. The second group of van der Waals complexes involved the polymerisation of acetylene molecules, to di- and tri-acetylene complexes where the exchange interaction involved the quadrupole moment of the acetylene radical reacting with acetylene or diacetylene. The reaction of carbon monoxide was extended to include its interaction with diacetylene. The entire potential energy surface for the interaction with diacetylene was investigated. The reaction was shown to be endergonic to produce a reactive species, here postulated to rearrange with a reasonable activation energy toform an aldehyde. The energetics of the formation of diacetylene, triacetylene andhigher polymers was briefly investigated. The reactivity of the acetylene polymeraldehydes with other substrates was briefly investigated. This work has apparently laid a firm basis both, qualitative and quantitative, tounderstand some of the weakest interactions in nature involving the simplest ofreactions that have been important in atmospheric chemistry.
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Fernando, Juwanmandadige Roshan. "Tuning the Opto-Electronic Properties of Core-Substituted Naphthalenediimides through Imide Substitution." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1401984667.
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Hill, C. A. S. "The synthesis and studies of compounds with novel electronic and spectroscopic properties." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305721.
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Torun, Engin. "Electronic Properties Of Dye Molecules Adsorbed On Anatase-titania Surface For Solar Cell Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610846/index.pdf.
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Wide band gap metal oxides have recently become one of the most investigated materials in
surface science. Among these metal oxides especially TiO2 attracts great interest, because of
its wide range applications, low cost, biocompatibility and ease of analysis by all experimental
techniques. The usage of TiO2 as a component in solar cell technology is one of the most
investigated applications of TiO2 . The wide band gap of TiO2 renders it inecient for isolated
use in solar cells. TiO2 surface are therefore coated with a dye in order to increase eciency.
This type of solar cells are called dye sensitized solar cells .
The eciency of dye sensitized solar cells is directly related with the absorbed light portion of
the entire solar spectrum by the dye molecule. Inspite of the early dyes, recent dye molcules,
which are called wider wavelength response dye molecules, can absorb a larger portion of
entire solar spectrum. Thus, the eciency of dye sensitized solar cells is increased by a
considerably amount.
In this thesis the electronic structure of organic rings, which are the fundamental components
of the dye molecules, adsorbed on anatase (001) surface is analyzed using density functionaltheory. The main goal is to obtain a trend in the electronic structure of the system as a function of increasing ring number. Electronic structure analysis is conducted through band structure
and density of states calculations. Results are presented and discussed in the framework of
dye sensitized solar cells theory.
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Sandström, Niclas. "Heavy-Core Staffanes : A Computational Study of Their Fundamental Properties of Interest for Molecular Electronics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7492.
Full textAbstract:
The basic building blocks in molecular electronics often correspond to conjugated molecules. A compound class consisting of rigid rod-like staffane molecules with the heavier Group 14 elements Si, Ge, Sn and Pb at their bridgehead positions has now been investigated. Herein these oligomers are called heavy-core or Si-, Ge-, Sn- or Pb-core staffanes. These compounds benefit from interaction through their bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane monomer units. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to probe their geometries, stabilities and electronic properties associated with conjugation.
The stabilities of the bicyclo[n.n.n]alkane and [n.n.n]propellanes (1 ≤ n ≤ 3) with C, Si, Ge and Sn at the bridgehead positions were studied by calculation of homodesmotic ring strain energies. The bicyclic compounds with n = 1 and Si, Ge or Sn at bridgehead positions have lower strain than the all-carbon compound.
A gradually higher polarizability exaltation is found as the bridgehead element is changed from C to Si, Ge, Sn or Pb. The ratio between longitudinal and average polarizability also increases gradually as Group 14 is descended, consistent with enhanced conjugation in the heavier oligomers.
The localization of polarons in C-, Si- and Sn-core staffane radical cations was calculated along with internal reorganization energies. The polaron is less localized in Si- and Sn-core than in C-core staffane radical cation. The reorganization energies are also lower for the heavier staffanes, facilitating hole mobility when compared to the C-core staffanes.
The effect of the bicyclic structure on the low valence excitations in the UV-spectra of compounds with two connected disilyl segments was also investigated. MS-CASPT2 calculations of 1,4-disilyl- and 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-disilabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and 1,4-disilyl- and 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-disilabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes revealed that although the bicyclic cage separates the two disilyl chromophores, there is a strong red-shift of the lowest valence excitations when compared to an isolated disilane.
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Spivak, Mariano Alejo. "Electronic structure calculations on extended metal atom chains. Insights on structural, magnetic and transport properties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399580.
Full textAbstract:
En aquest treball, es van utilitzar diferents mètodes computacionals per estudiar les propietats de cadenes esteses de metalls de transició (EMACs en anglès). Es va simular la flexibilitat estructural de cadenes de tres àtoms de crom, amb CASSCF/CASPT2 i es van identificar estructures simètriques i asimètriques en un entorn de baixa energia. Basats en aquests resultats, vam realitzar dinàmiques moleculars de primers principis (AIMD) per entendre l'efecte de l'energia tèrmica i com aquesta modifica la proporció d'estructures. També es van estudiar els enllaços metall-metall en compostos de crom, utilitzant el model d'ordre d'enllaç efectiu (EBO) amb els números d'ocupació naturals de la funció d'ona CASSCF. Es van calcular constants d'acoblament magnètic per a compostos bimetàl·lics i EMACs de níquel mitjançant dues estratègies. MC-PT2 amb espai actiu mínim utilitzant orbitals moleculars millorats a partir d'un càlcul d'estats-mitjanats, i es va utilitzar un mètode nou (MCPDFT) per al magnetisme de EMACs grans, que ha mostrat bons resultats en el compost de cinc níquels. Finalment, estudiem propietats del transport d'electrons per dos EMACs de ruteni. Proposem l'ús d'un elèctrode gate metàl·lic per modular els nivells moleculars dels compostos i obtenir espècies redox actives. També utilitzem un mètode químicament més intuïtiu, que proposa crear parells iònics dins de la cel·la.En este trabajo, se utilizaron diferentes métodos computacionales para estudiar las propiedades de cadenas extendidas de metales de transición (EMACs en inglés). Se simuló la flexibilidad estructural de cadenas de tres átomos de cromo, con CASSCF/CASPT2 y se identificaron estructuras simétricas y asimétricas en un entorno de baja energía. Basados en estos resultados, realizamos dinámicas moleculares de primeros principios (AIMD) para entender el efecto de la energía térmica y como ésta modifica la proporción de estructuras. También se estudiaron los enlaces metal-metal en compuestos de cromo, utilizando el modelo de orden de enlace efectivo (EBO) con los números de ocupación naturales de la función de onda CASSCF. Se calcularon constantes de acoplamiento magnético para compuestos bimetálicos y EMACs de níquel mediante dos estrategias. MC-PT2 con espacio activo mínimo utilizando orbitales moleculares mejorados a partir de un cálculo de estados-promediados, y se utilizó un método nuevo (MCPDFT) para el magnetismo de EMACs grandes, que ha mostrado buenos resultados en el compuesto de cinco níqueles. Finalmente, estudiamos propiedades del transporte de electrones para dos EMACs de rutenio. Proponemos el uso de un electrodo gate metálico para modular los niveles moleculares de los compuestos y obtener especies redox activas. También utilizamos un método químicamente más intuitivo, que propone crear pares iónicos dentro de la celda.
In this work we use different computational methods in the study of the properties of Extended Metal Atom Chains. The structural flexibility of trichromium chains has been simulated with CASSCF/CASPT2 and symmetric and asymmetric structures were identified in an extremely flat energy landscape. Based on these results, Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations were performed to understand how the thermal energy modifies the proportion of cited structures. In addition, the metal-metal bonding of chromium compounds was characterized using the Effective Bond Order (EBO) model with the natural occupation numbers of the CASSCF wave function. Furthermore, magnetic coupling constants were computed for nickel bimetallic and EMACs compounds, using two different approaches. Minimal active space MC-PT2 was performed with improved molecular orbitals based on state-average calculations, and a recently developed method (MCPDFT) used for the magnetism of large EMACs, showing good results in the five-nickel compound. Finally, the electron transport properties were simulated for two ruthenium EMACs. We propose the use of a metallic gate electrode to modulate the molecular levels of the compounds and achieve redox active species. In addition, another more chemically intuitive approach was tested, that consist of forming an ionic pair in-situ.
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Christodoulou, Christodoulos. "Electronic and structural properties at the interfaces between graphene and molecular acceptors/donors." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17318.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Arbeit wurde die Austrittsarbeit von Graphen, einer vielversprechenden Elektrodenmaterial für (opto)- elektronische Bauteile, durch die Adsorption von luftbeständigen konjugierten organischen Molekülen (KOMs), welche als Akzeptoren und Donatoren fungieren, modifiziert. Die Eigenschaften der Valenz- und Rumpfniveaus sowie die Austrittsarbeitsmodifikation der vakuumverdampften KOMs wurden mit Photoelektronenspektroskopie (PES) untersucht, während die Orientierung der KOMs mit Röntgen-Nahkanten-Absorptions-Spektroskopie (NEXAFS) aufgeklärt wurde. Die Austrittsarbeit von Graphen auf Quartz (G/Qu) lässt sich auf maximal 5.7 eV und minimal 3 eV anpassen, welches aus einem Ladungstransfer direkt an der Grenzfläche resultiert, der keine Ausbildung von kovalenten Bindungen zwischen der molekularen Monolage und dem Graphen beinhaltet. Zudem, für den starken molekularen Akzeptor Hexaazatriphenylen-Hexacarbonitril (HATCN) verläuft die Austrittsarbeitserhöhung über eine Orientierungsänderung der Moleküle im Monolagenbereich. Für alle anderen auf G/Qu abgeschiedenen Akzeptoren (Donatoren) wurde beobachtet, dass der Ladungstransfer eine positive (negative) Oberflächen-ladungsdotierung der Graphen-Schicht bewirkt, welches in einer Austrittsarbeitserhöhung (-erniedrigung) resultiert. Letztere ließ sich jeweils in zwei Beiträge zerlegen: (a) Verschiebung des Vakuumniveaus durch einen Grenzflächendipol an der KOM/Graphen-Grenzfläche und (b) Verschiebung des Fermi-Niveaus durch Oberflächenladungstransferdotierung der Graphen-Schicht. Weiterhin wurde der molekulare Akzeptor Hexafluoro-tetracyano napththoquinodimethan (F6TCNNQ) sowohl auf G/Qu als auch auf Graphen auf Kupfer abgeschieden, wobei sich herausstellte, dass der Ladungstransfer im ersteren Fall vom Graphen stammt, und im letzteren von der Kupferunterlage. Die Ergebnisse werden von Dichtefunktionaltheorieberechnungen gestützt und tragen erheblich zum Verständnis von Graphen/KOM-Grenzflächen bei.In this thesis, the work function of graphene, a promising electrode for (opto)electronic devices was modified by adsorption of air-stable conjugated organic molecules (COMs) that act as strong molecular acceptors or donors. The valence and core level properties, together with the work function modification of the vacuum-deposited COMs on graphene were investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), while the orientation of COMs was studied with near edge X-ray fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The work function of graphene-on-quartz (G/Qu) is modified up to 5.7 eV and down to 3 eV as a result of charge transfer (CT) occurring right at the interface, which does not invoke covalent bond formation between the molecular monolayer and the graphene. In addition to the CT, in the case of the molecular acceptor hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HATCN), the work function increase proceeded via a density-dependent re-orientation of the molecule in the monolayer regime. For all the other tested molecular acceptors (donors) deposited on graphene-on-quartz, the CT was observed to induce positive (negative) surface CT doping of the graphene layer, leading to a work function increase (decrease) and was disentangled into two contributions: (a) shift of the Vacuum level due to the formation of an interface dipole at the COM/graphene interface and (b) shift of the Fermi level of the graphene due to the surface CT doping. Additionally, the molecular acceptor hexafluoro-tetracyanonapththoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) was deposited on both G/Qu and graphene-on-copper, where the CT was found to originate from graphene and copper support respectively. The findings were supported by density functional theory calculations and significantly add to a fundamental understanding of graphene/COM interfaces.
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Regoutz, Anna. "Structural and electronic properties of metal oxides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6f425890-b211-4b35-b438-b8de18f7ae64.
Full textAbstract:
Metal oxides are of immense technological importance. Their wide variety of structural and electronic characteristics leads to a flexibility unrivalled by other groups of materials. However, there is still much debate about the fundamental properties of some of the most widely used oxides, including TiO2 and In2O3. This work presents high quality, in-depth characterisation of these two oxides in pure and doped form, including soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Bulk samples as well as thin film samples were prepared analysed. For the preparation of thin films a high quality sol-gel dip-coating method was developed, which resulted in epitaxial films. In more detail the organisation of the thesis is as follows: Chapter 1 provides an introduction to key ideas related to metal oxides and presents the metal oxides investigated in this thesis, In2O3, Ga2O3, Tl2O3, TiO2, and SnO2. Chapter 2 presents background information and Chapter 3 gives the practical details of the experimental techniques employed. Chapters 4 presents reciprocal space maps of MBE-grown In2O3 thin films and nanorods on YSZ substrates. Chapters 5 and 6 investigate the doping of In2O3 bulk samples with gallium and thallium and introduce a range of solid state characterisation techniques. Chapter 7 describes the development of a dip-coating sol-gel method for the growth of thin films of TiO2 and shows 3D reciprocal space maps of the resulting films. Chapter 8 concerns hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of undoped and Sn-doped TiO2. Chapter 9 interconnects previous chapters by presenting 2D reciprocal space maps of nano structured epitaxial samples of In2O3 grown by the newly developed sol-gel based method. Chapter 10 concludes this thesis with a summary of the results.
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Yildirim, Handan. "STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC, VIBRATIONAL AND THERMODYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACES AND NANOPARTICLES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3533.
Full textAbstract:
The main focus of the thesis is to have better understanding of the atomic and electronic structures, vibrational dynamics and thermodynamics of metallic surfaces and bi-metallic nanoparticles (NPs) via a multi-scale simulational approach. The research presented here involves the study of the physical and chemical properties of metallic surfaces and NPs that are useful to determine their functionality in building novel materials. The study follows the  bottom-up approach for which the knowledge gathered at the scale of atoms and NPs serves as a base to build, at the macroscopic scale, materials with desired physical and chemical properties. We use a variety of theoretical and computational tools with different degrees of accuracy to study problems in different time and length scales. Interactions between the atoms are derived using both Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Embedded Atom Method (EAM), depending on the scale of the problem at hand. For some cases, both methods are used for the purpose of comparison. For revealing the local contributions to the vibrational dynamics and thermodynamics for the systems possessing site-specific environments, a local approach in real-space is used, namely Real Space Green s Function method (RSGF). For simulating diffusion of atoms/clusters and growth on metal surfaces, Molecular Statics (MS) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods are employed.Ph.D.
Department of Physics
Sciences
Physics PhD
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Wood, Hayley Marie. "Density functional studies of relativistic effects on molecular properties." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/density-functional-studies-of-relativistic-effects-on-molecular-properties(9f362361-5c09-4b35-a296-dec927ce7b7b).html.
Full textAbstract:
Relativistic effects are extremely important for heavy atoms and heavy atom containing molecules. Therefore, a relativistic treatment is needed when calculating molecular properties of these species. The fully- relativistic Dirac treatment involves electronic and positronic wavefunctions and a very large basis set is required. This leads to calculations that are too costly and time-consuming for larger molecules. The Zeroth-Order Regular Approximation (ZORA) is an approximation to the Dirac approach, which only deals with the electronic wavefunction. However, unfortunately this method is plagued by the gauge-dependence problem. The gauge-independent ZORA (ZORA-GI) and strictly atomic ZORA approaches provide solutions to this problem.In this work, the ZORA-GI and strictly atomic ZORA codes have been successfully implemented into the Gaussian 09 program. They have been used to calculate the bond lengths, harmonic vibrational frequencies and dissociation energies of the I2, Au2 and Pt2 diatomic molecules. The results show good agreement with experiment and previous theoretical studies. The non-relativistic, ZORA-GI, strictly atomic ZORA and pseudopotential approximations have been used to investigate the electronic structure of the actinide monoxides, AnO, and actinide monoxide cations, AnO+ (An = Th – Cm). It was found that the ground state configurations were dependent on the relativistic approximation chosen. The bond lengths, harmonic vibrational frequencies and dissociation energies were also calculated, with the ZORA methods generally outperforming the pseudopotential approximation. The first theoretical g-tensor study of the organouranium(V) complexes [U(C7H7)2]-, [U(η8-C8H8)(NEt2)(THF)]+, [U(η5-C5H5)(NMe2)3(THF)]+, [U(η8-C8H8)(NEt2)3], [U(η5-C5H5)2(NEt2)2]+ and [U(η8-C8H8)(η5-C5H5)(NEt2)2] has been carried out. It was demonstrated that the choice of density functional affects the way in which the g-tensor axes are assigned. The ground state spin density and SOMO are also sensitive to the choice of density functional. It is these factors that determine the value of the g-tensor.