Academic literature on the topic 'Molecular Meidicine'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molecular Meidicine"
1
Jena, Subhrata. "Identification of molecular signature in Epithelial tumours." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5074/1/411LS2048.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Epithelial tumour or carcinoma is the most common cause of death in individual with cancer worldwide. Molecular basis of epithelial tumor is poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanism behind the abstractness of epithelial tumor, “Molecular Signature” is the more accurate and effective than possible standard approach. Microarray data analysis has made it possible to obtain high feature molecular snapshot of genes of an organism at various disease state and experimental conditions. In this study, we discussed the uncovering of molecular signature from epithelial tumor (Brain, Stomach, Cervical cancer) on the basis of relative fold change and potential biomarker ability in cancer. To explore the molecular signature in epithelial tumor, we compared the gene expression profile of brain, stomach, cervical cancer. From microarray analysis we found 201 exclusive set of common genes in epithelial origin tumor and from 201 genes, we are able to identify 10 genes that can be used as molecular signature for all types of cancer which has epithelial origin. Selected two genes (SERPINA3, SH3GL3) were experimentally validated by qRT-PCR in HeLa cell line. qRT-PCR established that these two genes are showing their up regulation with respect to Beta-Actin, which is a housekeeping gene. The identification of molecular signature has promising application for accurate detection, promote early diagnosis and screening of cancer.
2
Parida, Pravat Kumar. "Natural polymer based (alginate and chitosan) Microparticles for oral drug delivery." Thesis, 2011. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/2183/1/Pravat_Thesis_Final%2C_11-5-11.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Absorption of proteins into cationic chitosan microparticles through electrostatic interaction is a common process suitable for oral delivery of proteinaceous drugs. In this research work, in order to achieve a good stability and encapsulation efficiency for an oral drug delivery system, different combinations chitosan, acetic acid Sodium tripolyphosphate and model protein bovine serum albumin were tried and formulated. Then alginate microparticles were coated with the BSA loaded chitosan. Morphological characterizations of the particles were done using zeta sizer and SEM (scanning electron microscope). It was found that Chitosan of 4mg/ml and 5mg/ml concentration had loading efficiency more than 60% and with a particle size in between 400-500 nm. Again when the particles were coated with alginate, the particle size increased from 1400-1600nm (1.4-1.6 μm), can be effectively used for oral drug delivery. In vitro release of BSA from chitosan microparticles and BSA loaded alginate coated chitosan particles were checked by taking particles at different time intervals at pH7.4 using PBS (phosphate saline buffer). Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay shows that encapsulation with chitosan and further coating with alginate could effectively protect BSA from degradation or hydrolysis in acidic condition for at least 2 hours (using HCl pH 2.0).
3
Jena, Kautilya Kumar. "Biodegradable Polymers (PLA and PLGA) Based Nanoparticles in Protein and Plasmid DNA Delivery." Thesis, 2011. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/2209/1/Kautilya_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The biodegradable polymers like poly lactic acid (PLA) and poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are considered as the „green‟ eco-friendly materials due their biocompatibility and non-toxic properties. Biodegradable microspheres and nanoparticles have proven to be very useful in protein and DNA delivery systems. These are easily taken up by immunocompetent cells, shows prolonged antigen release characteristics and provide a long lasting immunity. Micro and nano-particulate based protein and DNA delivery systems have its importance for various therapeutic and biomedical applications. PLA and PLGA microparticles and nanoparticles were formulated by double solvent emulsion evaporation (w/o/w) method and characterised for their surface morphology, size, loading efficiency and release profile study. The microsphere and nanosphere morphology were examined by SEM and Zeta sizer. It was found that PLA encapsulated with BSA (2.5%) showed loading efficiency more than 82% and that with plasmid DNA (Concentration: 1mg/ml), it was found to be 41%. It was also found that the particle size for PLA was varying between 162-373 nm. Similarly for PLGA particles when encapsulated with BSA, the loading efficiency became 91% whereas for encapsulated plasmid DNA, the loading efficiency was 44%, with their respective particle size between 113-335 nm. In vitro release of BSA and plasmid DNA from encapsulated PLA and PLGA nanoparticles were checked spectrophotometrically with optical density 562 nm for protein and 260 nm in case of plasmid DNA, by taking samples at different time intervals dissolved in PBS (phosphate saline buffer, at pH 7.4).
4
Mohanty, Krishna. "Comparative analysis of factors promoting virulence in Vibrio cholerae O139 and Vibrio cholerae classical." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4757/1/411LS2053.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The genus Vibrio is most extensively characterized and medically important group within the family vibrionaceae and it is the most important member of the genus is Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. Depending on the presence of O1 antigen they are devided in to two serogroups or serovars: O1 and non-O1. Further O1 is devided in to two biotypes: classical and El Tor. These two biotypes are divided into three serotypes that are inaba, ogawa and hikojima. The virulence properties vary from strain to strain (serogroups). The current study was undertaken aiming at exploring the factors involved with virulence in V. cholerae classical in comparison to V. cholerae O139 by various studies like bacterial antibiotic susceptibility test, haemolytic activity, In silico approach to find potential virulence factors and gene expression pattern study for OMPU & OMPT (Semi quantitative study). MIC of V. cholerae O139 was found to be 12.5, 50 and 25 µg/ml and MIC of V. cholerae classical was found to be 6.25, 25, 12.5 µg/ml for amphicillin, chloramphenicol and amphotericin respectively. So V. cholerae O139 showed more resistance to all the three antibiotics when compared to V. cholerae classical. Similarly, V. cholerae O139 showed higher haemolytic activity than V. cholerae classical. Gene expression pattern confirmed that OMP U gene expression was significantly higher in V. cholerae O 139 as compared V. cholerae classical biotype. But OMP T gene expression is significantly higher in V. cholerae classical as compared to V. cholerae O 139. As OMP U plays a measure role in virulence (as reported previously), V. cholerae O139 is more virulent than V. cholerae classical.
5
Pradhan, Sonali. "Comparative analysis of Silver Nanoparticles prepared from Different Plant extracts (Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Acorus calamus, Cucurbita maxima, Azadirachta indica) through green synthesis method." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4758/1/411LS2061.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Green synthesis of nanoparticle is a novel way to synthesis nanoparticles by using biological sources. It is gaining attention due to its cost effective, ecofriendly and large scale production possibilities. In this present study five plants Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Cucurbita maxima, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica and Acorus calamus were taken to investigate their potential for synthesizing silver nanoparticle. The silver nanoparticles synthesized were confirmed by their change of colour to dark brown due to the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance. The characterization studied was done by UV-vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential studies, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). All the five plants synthesized silver nanoparticle show good antimicrobial activity against clinically important pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli.
6
Vishwakarma, Kavita. "Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using abrus precatorius seeds extract and their characterization." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5012/1/411LS2069.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In modern science Nanotechnology is a ablaze field for the researchers.Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension, is used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields. Nanoparticles are used immensely due to its small size, orientation, physical properties,which are reportedly shown to change the performance of any other material which is in contact with these tiny particles. These particles can be prepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. But the biological approach is the most emerging approach of preparation, because, this method is easier than the other methods, ecofriendly and less time consuming. The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy 60 meV which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. The Green synthesis was done by using the aqueous solution of Abrus precatorius seeds extract and zinc acetate. A fixed ratio of plant extract to metal ion was prepared and the color change was observed which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR, DLS, Zeta Analysis, XRD, and SEM. The particles synthesized were of the size ranging from 90-500 nm.
7
Soren, Bini Chhetri. "Unraveling the Signature genes involved in tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal origin." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5027/1/411LS2067.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Tumors mainly originate from epithelial and mesenchymal cells, majority of which are from epithelial origin. There are certain mechanism like EMT and MET which plays a critical role in malignant tumors or cancer progression. There are various other phenomenon and mechanisms occurring at the molecular and cellular level which are yet to be discovered. Success in unraveling such a mystery can give clue to understand the fatal disease like cancer. Roles of genes involved in various cancers and their expression in different forms of cancer as well as in normal condition can give an insight about cancer. This study could be carried out using microarray analysis. Present work mainly focuses to understand the similarity and dissimilarity between the tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal origin by microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes through Genespring software. Gene ontology analysis was also carried out through Genomatix software and two genes (ABCA8 and SMC4) were selected for experimental validation based upon their regulation and association with cancer. Expressions of these two genes were experimentally validated through qRT-PCR with respect to housekeeping gene beta-actin in the HeLA cell line, a cervical cancer cell line. Studies like this can help us to understand the behavior of different types of cancer at the molecular and cellular level, thereby developing an effective treatment measure for deadly disease like cancer.
8
Panigrahi, Tamasa. "Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5094/1/411LS2058.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In recent science Nanotechnology is a burning field for the researchers. Nanotechnology deals with the Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields. Nanoparticles are used immensely due to its small size, orientation, physical properties, which are reportedly shown to change the performance of any other material which is in contact with these tiny particles. These particles can be prepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. But the biological approach is the most emerging approach of preparation, because, this method is easier than the other methods, ecofriendly and less time consuming. The Green synthesis was done by using the aqueous solution of Azadirachta indica leaf extract and AgNO3. Silver was of a particular interest for this process due to its evocative physical and chemical properties. A fixed ratio of plant extract to metal ion was prepared and the color change was observed which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR, DLS, Zeta Analysis, XRD, and SEM. The nanoparticles were found have the size ranges from 160-180 nm.
9
Rana, Mitali. "miRNA-mRNA interaction map in breast cancer." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5304/1/411LS2062.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
MicroRNAs are a class of small endogenous RNA molecules that is involved in the posttranscriptional inhibition of gene expression. They directly interact with target gene transcripts and influence cellular physiology. MicroRNAs have been reported to be involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis thus playing a vital role in cancer progression. Our study aims at identification of novel miRNA-mRNA target pairs that are hypothesized to play a role in breast cancer through a miRNA- mRNA interaction map analysis of microarray data and experimental validation of selected set of mRNAs. The target interaction map analysis revealed three novel target pairs, hsa-miR-27a–MARCKS, hsa-miR-27a–SIK1 and hsa-miR-21–BTG2 which can be potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Therefore, with the better understanding of the regulation of miRNAs, the gene networks and cellular pathways regulated by miRNAs, it will be of immense significance to further comprehend breast cancer pathogenesis and target interaction as a therapeutic for breast cancer.
10
Tiwari, Gunjan. "Preparation and Characterization of ketoconazole encapsulated liposome and ethosome: A Comparative study." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5377/1/411LS2068.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Skin act as a major target as well as a principle barrier for transdermal drug delivery. Vesicular system is one of the most promising approaches for transdermal delivery of active substances. Liposomes are most commonly used vesicular delivery system. But it has certain limitations such as lesser stability, reduced encapsulation efficiency, etc led to formulation of ethosomes. In the present work we encapsulated various concentration of ketoconazole (an antifungal drug) within ethosome and liposome and made a comparative evaluation of their morphology, size, potential, stability and anti-fungal efficacy. Ethosomes showed better stability, encapsulation efficiency and anti-fungal activity as compared to liposome due to its ethanolic content. So ethosomal formulation may prove as a very promising option for transdermal delivery and has potential for new opportunities for topical application of ketoconazole in the fungal infections.