Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Molecular magnetic resonance imaging'
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Zhu, Bo Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Acoustical-molecular techniques for magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103499.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a remarkably flexible diagnostic platform due to the variety of clinically relevant physical, chemical, and biological phenomena it can detect. In addition to the host of endogenous contrast mechanisms available, MRI functionality can be further extended by incorporating exogenous factors to attain sensitivity to new classes of indicators. Molecular imaging with targeted injectable contrast agents and MR elastography with externally delivered acoustic vibrations are two such advancements with increasing clinical significance. Conventionally employed separately, this work explores how exogenous components can interact cooperatively in imaging disease and may be combined to more accurately stage disease progression and generate novel mechanisms of MR contrast, using contrast agents and acoustic stimulation as model systems. We imaged hepatic fibrosis in a rat model and found that collagen-binding paramagnetic contrast agents and shear wave MR elastography had partially uncorrelated staging abilities, due to the disease condition's differential timing of collagen production and its stiff cross-linking. This complementary feature enabled us to form a composite multivariate model incorporating both methods which exhibited superior diagnostic staging over all stages of fibrosis progression. We then integrated acoustics and molecular-targeting agents at a deeper level in the form of a novel contrast mechanism, Acoustically Induced Rotary Saturation (AIRS), which switches "on" and "off" the image contrast due to the agents by adjusting the resonance of the spin-lock condition. This contrast modulation ability provides unprecedented clarity in identifying contrast agent presence as well as sensitive and quantitative statistical measurements via rapidly modulated block design experiments. Finally, we extend the AIRS method and show preliminary results for Saturation Harmonic Induced Rotary Saturation (SHIRS), which detects the second harmonic time-oscillation of iron oxide nanoparticles' magnetization in response to an oscillating applied field around B0. We also illustrate an exploratory method of selectively imaging iron oxide agents by diffusion kurtosis measures of freely diffusing water in solutions of magnetic nanoparticles.
by Bo Zhu.
Ph. D. in Biomedical Engineering
Zurkiya, Omar. "Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19848.
Full textDuce, Suzanne Louise. "Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of food." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240194.
Full textGallagher, F. A. "Molecular imaging of tumours using dynamic nuclear polarization and magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599277.
Full textGAMBINO, GIUSEPPE. "High-relaxivity systems and molecular imaging probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging applications." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/46171.
Full textChow, Mei-kwan April, and 周美君. "Cellular, molecular and metabolic magnetic resonance imaging: techniques and applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44901148.
Full textFan, Shujuan, and 樊淑娟. "In vivo cellular and molecular magnetic resonance imaging of brain functions and injuries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50491489.
Full textReynolds, Peter Robert. "Magnetic resonance imaging of cellular and molecular events in inflammation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487305.
Full textLee, Yik-hin, and 李易軒. "Molecular and cellular investigation of rodent brains by magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49618118.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
Jugniot, Natacha. "Molecular imaging of serine protease activity-driven pathologies by magnetic resonance." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0141/document.
Full textThis work focuses on substrate-based probes for proteolysis monitoring by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and for in vivo imaging by Overhauser-enhanced Magnetic Resonance (OMRI). More precisely, this work investigates for the first time a family of MRI agents named “line-shifting nitroxide” specific for proteolytic activities. Proteolytic action results in a shift of 5 G in EPR hyperfine coupling constants allowing individual quantification of substrate and product species by EPR and selective excitation by OMRI. Three substrates were worked out, showing enzymatic specificity for neutrophil elastase (MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-Nitroxide & Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-Nitroxide), and for Chymotrypsin/Cathepsin G (Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-Nitroxide). Enzymatic constants were remarkably good with globally Km = 28 ± 25 µM and kcat = 19 ± 3 s-1. Ex vivo, the use of NE substrates in OMRI revealed a high contrast in bronchoalveolar lavages of mice under inflammatory stimulus. MRI signal enhancements correlate with the severity of inflammation. Irradiation at the RPE frequency of 5425.6 MHz provided access to the bio-distribution of substrates in vivo and could thus serve as a diagnostic tool. The medium-term perspectives of this work are based on the development of OMRI with very low magnetic fields for human application
Anderson, Christian Edwin. "High-Field Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting for Molecular MRI." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case152478492457623.
Full textKoonjoo, Neha. "Development of Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in vivo : application to molecular imaging of proteolysis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0157/document.
Full textThis work relates the continuity and advances in the implementation of the Overhauser-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique on a 0.2 T scanner. Briefly, OMRI technique is based on polarization transfer of saturated electronic spins from free nitroxide radicals to proton spins of surrounding water molecules in the aim to drastically enhance proton NMR signal. To this technique, our research team has merged specific strategies for proteolytic activity detection. The first strategy relies on a 3D visualization of proteolytic activity happening in intact living cells or in vivo in healthy mice. With an Overhauser switch based upon changes in molecular tumbling time, high Overhauser enhancements of 10-fold were observed in the intestinal tract of mice after that elastolytic activity of our probe: the nitroxide-labeled elastin macromolecule took place. In addition, MRI developments - TrueFISP sequence implementation, undersampling Keyhole method and data reconstruction were carried out for imaging these rapid biological processes. A second exquisite strategy is also described using nitroxides with shifting resonant peaks. Here, a Beta-phosphorylated nitroxide molecule was specifically detected at two distinct frequencies: one for its substrate and the other for its product once hydrolysis took place. This hydrolysis was imaged in 3D in the stomach of living mice with Overhauser enhancements of more than 400% and with a good spatiotemporal resolution. The perspectives of this work lie on a future detection of a pathological proteolytic activity in vivo and eventually and development of very low magnetic field OMRI
Tang, Mei-yee, and 鄧美宜. "Characterizations and applications of carbon nanotubes contrast agentsin magnetic resonance molecular imaging." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44701391.
Full textAkhtar, Asim. "Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of vascular inflammation using microparticles of iron oxide." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:12bf8e4f-2909-4715-a6fe-bf42d9d8355a.
Full textKlink, Ahmed. "Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging of Vascular Diseases : atherothrombosis and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077128.
Full textDespite the emergence of cutting edge therapeutic strategies and advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vascular diseases - particularly atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) - they remain the leading cause of morbidity/mortality in Western societies. The major absence of symptoms until the onset of a critical cardio or cerebro-vascular events, associated with the lack of an appropriate imaging modality for early detection of high-risk lesions, limits the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. Therefore, the identification of high-risk vascular lesions prone to quickly evolve and lead to dramatic episodes may greatly decrease the morbidity and mortality they are associated with. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently emerged as one of the most promising techniques for the non-invasive identification of disease of the vessel wall such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Specifically, MR molecular imaging using contrast agents targeted towards molecules of interest may enable the non-invasive identification of high-risk vascular lesions. In our work, we designed two studies to investigate the feasability of MR molecular imaging applied to the characterization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques on one hand, and abdominal aortic aneurysms susceptible to quickly evolve and rupture on the other hand. Thus, we demonstrated in the first part of our research, the ability of an activated platetelet-targeted MR contrast agent (P975) to accurately detect thrombus formation in a mouse model of carotid thrombosis. In a second study, we used a micellar plateform functionalized with a collagen-binding protein (CNA-35) to assess the presence of collagen in an abdominal aortic aneurysm mouse model prone to rupture. We report the potential of CNA-35 micelles to discriminate between stable AAA lesions and aneurysms mat were likely to rapidly progress or rupture. MR molecular imaging, as demonstrated throughout our work offers unique in vivo insights into critical biological process at play in high-risk atherosclerotic lesions and abdominal aortic aneurysms respectively. Ultimately, such techniques may enable treatment of high-risk patients prior to lesion progression and onset of secondary complications
Gade, Terence Peter Ferrante. "Integrated imaging of drug delivery : a molecular imaging approach to the optimization of cancer therapy /." Access full-text from WCMC:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1432803381&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textHsieh, Vivian Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "High relaxivity biomolecule based contrast agents engineered for molecular functional magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104206.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-84).
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful neuroimaging tool that allows non-invasive visualization of the brain with high spatial and temporal resolution. Research on MRI contrast agents and their application to problems in neuroscience is burgeoning, and there is particular interest in developing MRI agents that are sensitive to time varying components of neurophysiology. Relatively recent advances in biomolecular probes has demonstrated the potential and versatility of bioengineered MRI sensors for molecular imaging. However, a major limitation of these probes is the high concentration needed for imaging, which can lead to issues such as analyte buffering and toxicity, and restrict the applicability of the sensors. In this work, we explore two approaches for developing high relaxivity protein-based contrast agents to address the issues of low detectability. First, we coupled monoamine sensing with the disaggregation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Ligand detection was imparted by integration of a monoamine sensing protein-based contrast agent derived from P450- BM3h (BM3). We demonstrated that this mechanism can produce robust signal changes of approximately 2-fold, while reducing the concentration of BM3 needed by 100-fold compared to the amount needed when only the protein is used for imaging. The second method demonstrated the feasibility of using semi-rational protein design to engineer a high relaxivity metalloprotein by tuning phenylalanine hydroxylase to bind gadolinium at high affinity. Mutations were found that increased the protein affinity by two orders of magnitude and enhanced relaxivity. The results of this thesis advance approaches for creating high relaxivity contrast agents which can be applied to the development of probes for other analytes, ultimately advancing and broadening the applicability of bioengineered probes in molecular functional neuroimaging.
by Vivian Hsieh.
Ph. D.
Glaus, Charles R. M. "Development and analysis of radiolabeled magnetic nanoparticles for positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31692.
Full textCommittee Chair: Gang Bao; Committee Member: Kurt D. Pennell; Committee Member: Mark M. Goodman; Committee Member: Xiaoping P. Hu; Committee Member: Yadong Wang. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Czerniewski, Alexandre Adam. "Development and characterization of novel nitric oxide-releasing probes for magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112393.
Full textKeywords: non-invasive detection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nitric oxide (NO), diazeniumdiolates (NONOates), NO-releasing compounds, novel MRI probes, molecular targets, protein targets, specifier, vasoactive, vasodilation, microvascular permeability, tissue localization, bipartite systems, bifunctional probes, blood-brain barrier, cell membrane trafficking, saccharide-bound NONOates, sugar diazeniumdiolates, glycosylated diazeniumdiolates, galactose, beta-galactosidase, glucose, glucose transporters, thermal & photolytic degradation, half-life optimization, Griess test, rat serum, stability.
Nitin, Nitin. "Optical and MR Molecular Imaging Probes and Peptide-based Cellular Delivery for RNA Detection in Living Cells." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08102005-120350/.
Full textDr. X. Hu, Committee Member ; Dr. Al Merrill, Committee Member ; Dr. Niren Murthy, Committee Member ; Dr. Gang Bao, Committee Chair ; Dr. Nicholas Hud, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
Dzien, Piotr. "The development of novel tools for in vivo molecular imaging using hyperpolarised ¹³C labelled molecules and ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708714.
Full textKrishnan, Anant Subramanian. "Molecular imaging of tumour apoptosis using magnetic resonance and a targeted gadolinium-based contrast agent." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613242.
Full textYe, Yuxiang [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "Molecular and Cellular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Infarct Healing / Yuxiang Ye. Betreuer: Wolfgang Bauer." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1111507740/34.
Full textOpitz, Armin Walter. "Structural and functional investigations of a molecular imaging nanoparticle for magnetic resonance imaging of oncogene expression in the pancreas." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 490 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459924631&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textPrincipal faculty advisors: Norman J. Wagner, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware; Eric Wickstrom, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University. Includes bibliographical references.
Borg, Jacqueline. "Molecular imaging of the serotonin system in human behaviour /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-134-0/.
Full textCiezka, Magdalena. "Improvement of Protocols for Brain Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Response Monitoring Using Magnetic Resonance Based Molecular Imaging Strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666281.
Full textBrain tumours account for less than 2% of all primary tumours, but are one of the most lethal cancers when “life lost” years are considered. Gliomas are the most prevalent type with a median life expectancy below 15 months for the high grade ones, such as glioblastomas (GBM). The most common non-invasive medical technique used for tumour diagnosis and therapy monitoring of brain tumours patients is Magnetic Resonance (MR), in the form of imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) or spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). However, due to the ethical restrictions regarding the use of human patients for research study, the improvement of diagnostic and therapy follow-up protocols requires reliable models that mimic human disease. In this regard, mainly murine models are used and can be divided into the genetically engineered model (GEM) of spontaneous tumour development and the engrafted tumour model. In this thesis, a comprehensive MR characterization of two GEM colonies, namely S100β-v-erbB / inK4a-Arf (+/-) and GFAP-V12 HA-ras B8, was carried out. A low tumour penetrance found (16% and 1%, respectively) together with stochastic onset of GEM tumours, made them impractical for use in therapy response studies. The latter and the scarcity of low/intermediate grade brain tumour preclinical models motivated us to attempt to develop a transplantable glial tumour model of low/intermediate grade by disaggregation of a tumour mass from GEM. This should allow us to obtain an increased tumour incidence rate in comparison to GEM animals. Gliospheres from a grade III GEM tumour were successfully generated and displayed more than 60% penetrance, when stereotactically injected into the striatum of C57BL/6 mice. However, the application of freezing and cell culture protocols produced a progression to grade IV GBM, which made the developed transplantable model qualify as potential secondary GBM model in mice. Additionally, this transplantable model was widely characterized using MRI/MRS methods, as well as perturbation-enhanced MRSI (PE-MRSI) for a possible application in the future in therapy strategies and development of tumour therapy response detection classifiers. A restricted genetic evaluation of selected murine tumour models (i.e. GL261 tumours, GL261 cell line, GEM and GEM-derived tumours) was carried out using the Sanger method to check for a possible presence of particular driver mutations commonly occurring in gliomas (IDH1, IDH2 and p53). Finally, the work describes the strategy followed for longitudinal therapy studies follow-up and early response/relapse detection in preclinical brain tumours, through molecular imaging methods based in MRSI. GL261 (glioblastoma) tumour bearing mice were treated with temozolomide (TMZ), based on previously established protocols. The expected transient growth arrest (response to therapy) was detected by MRI. Animals subjected to therapy and control animals were followed up by MRSI and pattern recognition techniques (semi-supervised source extraction) were applied. The sources extracted from the region of interest were able to discriminate between GL261 tumours actively proliferating and tumours responding to therapy, based on their metabolome pattern changes recorded by MRSI. Colour-coded nosological images produced throughout and after the course of therapy allowed convenient tracking of response changes and differentiated the intratumoural heterogeneity of response, hinting the growth arrest and relapse, before changes in tumour volume were observed by MRI. The methodology was validated with histopathological analysis and calculation of proliferation and apoptotic rates and mitotic index.
Smith, Bryan Ronain. "Nanoparticulate platforms for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and breast cancer." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150309580.
Full textDeng, Yi, and 鄧藝. "From neuroimaging to proteomics in schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43278516.
Full textHarris, Steven Scott. "Adiabatic pulse preparation for imaging iron oxide nanoparticles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47555.
Full textSeppi, Dario. "Integration of advanced molecular analyses and magnetic resonance imaging for the identification of biomarkers of disease progression in multiple sclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427119.
Full textPresupposti dello studio. Studi istopatologici e neuroradiologici hanno dimostrato, soprattutto negli ultimi 15 anni come la sclerosi multipla, considerata classicamente una patologia elettiva della sostanza bianca, sia una patologia caratterizzata da un coinvolgimento, fin dalle prime fasi di malattia, anche della sostanza grigia corticale e profonda che ben correla con il quadro di disabilità fisica e cognitiva ampiamente descritto. Dal punto di vista istopatologico tale coinvolgimento è caratterizzato dalla presenza di lesioni corticali che si distinguono per una minor componente infiammatoria, per un’assenza di danno a carico della barriera ematoencefalica e per un minor deposito di fattori del complemento. Alla luce di tale descrizione sembra che i meccanismi che sottendono il danno a carico della sostanza grigia differiscano almeno in parte da quelli osservati a carico della sostanza bianca. In particolare è stata osservata un’associazione tra lesioni corticali e la presenza di infiltrati infiammatori meningei correlata ad una maggiore disabilità clinica. È stato quindi evidenziato come molecole pro-infiammatorie rilasciate dalle cellule infiammatorie residenti nelle meningi diffondano attraverso lo spazio subaracnoideo e agiscono, direttamente o indirettamente attivando la componente microgliale, sulla adiacente corteccia cerebrale determinando un gradiente di danno corticale. Obiettivi. L’obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di verificare la presenza di possibili potenziali biomarcatori di danno corticale mediante l’applicazione combinata di: a) tecniche avanzate di analisi proteica e analisi molecolare applicate allo studio del liquido cerebro spianale; b) tecniche non convenzionali di risonanza magnetica, in grado di caratterizzare il danno a carico della sostanza grigia sia focale che diffuso. Materiali e metodi. Sono state arruolate due coorti di pazienti: la prima studiata retrospettivamente era composta da 35 pazienti e 5 controlli; la seconda arruolata nello studio con un approccio di tipo longitudinale era composta da 31 pazienti e 13 controlli. Tutti i pazienti erano caratterizzati da un esordio relativamente recente e la precedente somministrazione di terapie immunomodulanti rappresentava un criterio di esclusione. Tutti i pazienti si sono sottoposti ad un iter diagnostico completo comprensivo di valutazione clinica, esami di laboratorio, esame del liquido cerebrospinale e risonanza magnetica comprensiva di sequenze non convenzionali per verificare la presenza di lesioni della sostanza grigia. Lo studio del liquido cerebrospinale prevedeva inoltre uno studio di analisti proteica mediante immuno-assay (Bio-Plex System technique Biorad - Bio-Plex Pro Human Chemokine panel 40-plex) per lo studio di 40 citochine/chemochine e uno studio di analisi di gene expression. Risultati. L’analisi proteica del liquor nella prima coorte ha evidenziato la presenza di elevati valori di CXCL13 (p=0,00006), CCL19 (p=0,0019), CCL1 (p=0,00018), e CCL22 (0.0009) rispetto alla popolazione di controllo. L’analisi proteica della seconda coorte ha evidenziato, sempre rispetto alla popolazione di controllo, un aumento delle seguenti citochine: CXCL13, CXCL10, CXCL11 e CCL2. Dopo stratificazione in base al carico corticale abbiamo evidenziato nei pazienti con un maggior coinvolgimento della sostanza grigia un aumento dei livelli proteici di CXCL13 e una maggior espressione di CD20, CD138, CXCL13 and LTa a supporto di un ruolo della risposta infiammatoria mediata dai linfociti B. Conclusioni. L’analisi combinata di liquor e risonanza magnetica suggerisce che la risposta immunologica mediata dai linfociti B gioca un ruolo importante nella patogenesi della sclerosi multipla e che il livello di infiammazione intratecale ben correla con la patologia corticale. I risultati del nostro studio suggeriscono quindi che l’uso di biomarker liquorali potrebbero essere di supporto nella caratterizzazione della patologia corticale nella sclerosi multipla.
Sherwood, Matthew S. "Efficacy of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback Training (fMRI-NFT) in the Treatment of Tinnitus." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1503673205687703.
Full textTourell, Monique C. "Translational and rotational dynamics of water molecules in aligned collagenous tissues: Implications for assessing collagen organisation with magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103997/10/Monique_Tourell_Thesis.pdf.
Full textTeeling-Smith, Richelle Marie. "Single Molecule Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Other Sensing and Imaging Applications with Nitrogen-Vacancy Nanodiamond." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1424779811.
Full textLarivière, Mélusine. "Nanoparticles functionalized with human antibodies for multimodal molecular imaging of atherosclerosis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0389/document.
Full textBecause cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, providing clinicians with reliable and straightforward imaging techniques to identify "vulnerable" patients from the general population appears like the Holy Grail of the cardiovascular field. Atherosclerosis, identified as the underlying condition for most acute cardiovascular events, is characterized by the constitution of a lipidrich atheroma plaque, driven both by excess cholesterol and inflammation, which eventual rupture triggers clotting into the blood flow. It involves a wealth of cellular and molecular actors, which are so many potential markers for molecular imaging, aiming at deciphering how to warn clinicians about the possible occurrence of myocardial infarction or stroke. Here, human antibodies (HuAbs) selected by phage-display for their recognition of over-expressed biomarkers of the pathology are proposed as targeting ligands. They were further engineered for site-specific grafting, either by introducing Cysteine or Sortase recognition tags, and used to target contrast agents for MRI, fluorescence, or PET imaging. In vitro and ex vivo validation studies were carried out on atheroma sections of animal models. In vivo studies in the ApoE-/- mouse model were realized with the anti-platelet TEG4 HuAb using MRI, which provided insights on the biological relevance and feasibility to detect platelets-rich, high-risk atheroma plaques. The development of contrast agents useful in multi-modality imaging, and multi-functionalized with HuAbs is underway. It should serve as an accurate molecular imaging method for atherosclerosis, further more easily translated into the clinical arena
Palmejani, Marianna Angelo. "Doença da substância branca evanescente: caracterização por imagem, correlação clínica e molecular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17158/tde-24042018-174504/.
Full textIntroduction: Leukoencephalopathies constitute a vast group of differential diagnoses that challenge the medical team. Among them, Vanishing White Matter (VWM) Disease is one of the most common, and has been highlighted nowadays for significant progress in the characterization of its clinical, molecular and imaging basis. The typical phenotype begins at 2 to 6 years old, marked by chronic and progressive neurological decline, with episodes of deterioration triggered by trauma or infection that can lead to coma and even death. This is a genetic, autosomal recessive disorder related to mutations in the genes that encode the eukaryotic translation initiator factor 2B (eIF2B), a complex responsible for coordinating the translation of RNA into protein. The typical features in brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), with a pattern of diffuse white matter involvement and cystic degeneration, are the most accessible form of diagnosis in association with clinical data. Purpose: to characterize VWM disease cases in relation to brain MRI appearance, clinical and molecular correlation and evolution over the time, comparing with data already described. Methods: A prospective historical design was performed using a review of medical records and brain MRI images of 13 patients from Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - HCFMRPUSP - with imaging and molecular diagnostic of VWM disease during the period from 2006 to 2016. Results: The patients were mostly female, all white, with a mean age of symptoms onset at 10 years old. All mutations were in the EIF2B5 gene, the most prevalent of them was c.338G> A (p.Arg113His). Trauma or infection as a trigger was described in 38.4%. The most frequent symptom was ataxia (100%). Ovarian failure affected half of women. All MRI showed deep white matter impairment, in a less prominent degree in the subcortical region, with frontoparietal preference (84.6%). All had lesions in the corpus callosum and cerebellar white matter involvement. Optic atrophy affected 46.1%. Proton spectroscopy showed a reduction in NAA values and a lactate peak. Image follow-up revealed white matter lesions and atrophy progression, with ventricular dilatation, however without parenchymal collapse. Concomitantly, there was progressive neurological worsening and unfavorable outcome in 12 of the 13 patients. Conclusion: This is one of the Brazilian studies with the largest number of patients with molecular diagnosis of VWM Disease. Although it is a multifaceted disease, the epidemiological, clinical and imaging data found were similar to those classically described in the literature for other populations. The importance of brain MRI for the diagnosis, evolution and genetic screening of this disorder is also highlighted.
Nogueira, Camila Zogbi. "Caracterização morfológica e molecular da regeneração cardíaca em ratos neonatos submetidos à ressecção apical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5166/tde-04112016-143359/.
Full textThe replacement of cardiomyocytes in postnatal life has proven to be one of the biggest challenges in regenerative medicine. The concept that cardiomyocytes proliferate actively during development but cease completely right after birth has been recently questioned when first evidences showed the existence of endogenous mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in one-day-old mice. We sought to evaluate this phenomenon in one-day-old rats (P1) and to assess the impact of the early regenerative process on long-term tissue perfusion and overall cardiac function in response to stress. We confirmed the successful apical resection surgery through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and that P1 heart was associated with evidence of cardiomyocytes neoformation as indicated by Troponin I and Connexin 43 expression at 21 days postresection, while in seven-day-old rats (P7) mainly scar tissue replacement ensued. Interestingly, there was an apparent lack of uniform alignment of newly formed cells in P1, and cardiac tissue hypoperfusion has been detected for both groups at 21 postresection and at 60 days through SPECT scanning. Direct basal cardiac function at 60 days, was preserved in all groups, whereas under hemodynamic stress the degree of change on LVDEP, Stroke Volume and Stroke Work indicated diminished overall cardiac function in P7. Furthermore, the End-Diastolic Pressure-Volume relationship and increased interstitial collagen deposition in P7 is consistent with increased chamber stiffness. Collectively, we showed that regenerative potential with slight collagen deposition is restricted to P1 rats. Then we sought to evaluate the molecular mechanisms that regulate this phenomenon through explorative tools. Although it has been previously described that the immune system is not fully mature at birth, total RNA sequenced from sham-operated, P1 and P7 heart rats showed that surgery is sufficient to activate inflammatory pathways, and considering pro (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages subpopulations, we suggested that invaded macrophages in resected P1 hearts are different from the traditional pro-fibrotic M2-like adult cells. Conditioned M1 and M2 medium elevated cardiomyocytes proliferative rate under basal conditions, but only M2 produced the same effect in cardiomyocytes under hypoxia and prevented myofibroblasts-induced differentiation through ?SMA intensity expression. Membrane array for cytokines showed 15 common cytokines for both M1 and M2 conditioned medium, but only 4, as IL-4, IL-1?, IL-6 and Fractalkine, were M2 exclusive and possible candidates to the regenerative potential. Additional experiments are needed to further explore these cytokines and to maybe develop new therapeutic strategies
Shokouhimehr, Mohammadreza. "Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and its Analogues as New-Generation T1-Weighted MRI Contrast Agents for Cellular Imaging." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1275612500.
Full textLamprou, Efthymios. "Development and Performance Evaluation of High Resolution TOF-PET Detectors Suitable for Novel PET Scanners." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/162991.
Full text[CA] La Tomografia per Emissió de Positrons (PET) és una de les tècniques més importants en la medicina de diagnòstic actual i la més representativa en el camp de la Imatge Molecular. Esta modalitat d'imatge és capaç de produir informació funcional única, que permet la visualització en detall, quantificació i coneixement d'una varietat de malalties i patologies. Àrees com l'oncologia, neurologia o la cardiologia, entre altres, s'han beneficiat en gran manera d'aquesta tècnica. Tot i que un elevat nombre d'avanços han ocorregut durant el desenvolupament del PET, hi ha altres que són de gran interés per a futures investigacions. Un dels principals pilars actuals en PET, tant en investigació com en desenvolupament, és l'obtenció de la informació del temps de vol (TOF en anglès) dels raigs gamma detectats. Quan açò ocorre, augmenta la sensibilitat efectiva del PET, millorant la qualitat senyal-soroll de les imatges. No obstant això, l'obtenció precisa de la marca temporal dels raigs gamma és un repte que requerix, a més de tècniques i mètodes específics, compromisos entre cost i rendiment. Una de les característiques que sempre es veu afectada és la resolució espacial. Com discutirem, la resolució espacial està directament relacionada amb el tipus de centellador, i per tant, amb el cost del sistema i la seua complexitat. En aquesta tesi, motivada pels coneguts beneficis en imatge clínica d'una mesura precisa del temps i de la posició dels raigs gamma, proposem nouves configuracions de detectors TOF-PET capaços de proveir d'ambduess característiques. Suggerim l'ús del que es coneix com a mètodes de "light-sharing", tant basat en cristalls monolítics com pixelats de diferent tamany del fotosensor. Aquestes propostes fan que la resolució espacial siga molt alta. No obstant això, les seues capacitats temporals han sigut molt poc abordades fins ara. En aquesta tesi, a través de diversos articles revisats, pretenem mostrar els reptes trobats en aquesta direcció, proposar determinades configuracions i, a més, indagar en els límits temporals d'aquestes. Hem posat un gran èmfasi a estudiar i analitzar les distribucions de la llum centellejant, així com el seu impacte en la determinació temporal. Fins al nostre coneixement, aquest és el primer treball en què s'estudia la relació de la determinació temporal i la distribució de llum de centelleig, en particular utilitzant SiPM analògics i ASICs. Esperem que aquesta tesi motive i permeta molts altres treballs orientats en nous dissenys, útils per a instrumentació PET, així com referència per a altres treballs. Aquesta tesi esta organitzada com es descriu a continuació. Hi ha una introducció composta per tres capítols on es resumeixen els coneixements sobre imatge PET i, especialmente, aquells relacionats amb la tècnica TOF-PET. Alguns treballs recents, però encara no publicats es mostren també, amb l'objectiu de corroborar certes idees. La segona part de la tesi conté els quatre articles revisats que el candidat suggereix.
[EN] Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is one of the greatest tools of modern diagnostic medicine and the most representative in the field of molecular imaging. This imaging modality, is capable of providing a unique type of functional information which permits a deep visualization, quantification and understanding of a variety of diseases and pathologies. Areas like oncology, neurology, or cardiology, among others, have been well benefited by this technique. Although numerous important advances have already been achieved in PET, some other individual aspects still seem to have a great potential for further investigation. One of the main trends in modern PET research and development, is based in the extrapolation of the Time- Of-Flight (TOF) information from the gamma-ray detectors. In such case, an increase in the effective sensitivity of PET is accomplished, resulting in an improved image signal-to-noise ratio. However, the direction towards a precise decoding of the photons time arrival is a challenging task that requires, besides specific approaches and techniques, tradeoffs between cost and performance. A performance characteristic very habitually compromised in TOF-PET detector configurations is the spatial resolution. As it will be discussed, this feature is directly related to the scintillation materials and types, and consequently, with system cost and complexity. In this thesis, motivated by the well-known benefits in clinical imaging of a precise time and spatial resolution, we propose novel TOF-PET detector configurations capable of inferring both characteristics. Our suggestions are based in light sharing approaches, either using monolithic detectors or crystal arrays with different pixel-to-photosensor sizes. These approaches, make it possible to reach a precise impact position determination. However, their TOF capabilities have not yet been explored in depth. In the present thesis, through a series of peer-reviewed publications we attempt to demonstrate the challenges encountered in these kinds of configurations, propose specific approaches improving their performance and eventually reveal their limits in terms of timing. High emphasis is given in analyzing and studying the scintillation light distributions and their impact to the timing determination. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first works in which such detailed study of the relation between light distribution and timing capabilities is carried out, especially when using analog SiPMs and ASICs. Hopefully, this thesis will motivate and enable many other novel design concepts, useful in PET instrumentation as well as it will serve as a helpful reference for similar attempts. The present PhD thesis is organized as follows. There is an introduction part composed by three detailed sections. We attempt to summarize here some of the knowledge related to PET imaging and especially with the technique of TOF-PET. Some very recent but still unpublished results are also presented and included in this part, aiming to support statements and theories. The second part of this thesis lists the four peer-reviewed papers that the candidate is including.
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 695536). It has also been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad under Grants No. FIS2014-62341-EXP and TEC2016-79884-C2-1-R. Efthymios Lamprou has also been supported by Generalitat Valenciana under grant agreement GRISOLIAP-2018-026.
Lamprou, E. (2021). Development and Performance Evaluation of High Resolution TOF-PET Detectors Suitable for Novel PET Scanners [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/162991
TESIS
FEI, Baowei. "Image Registration for the Prostate." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1224274091.
Full textPlatt, Belinda J. "The role of peer rejection in adolescent depression : genetic, neural and cognitive correlates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3a1ae868-2b62-4411-a5da-15699d9ac604.
Full textLee, Kuan Jin. "Fast magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397487.
Full textO'Neil, Shannon M. "Magnetic resonance imaging centers /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11916.
Full textStroh, Albrecht. "Bildgebung von magnetisch markierten Stammzellen in experimentellen Krankheitsmodellen des ZNS mittels zellulärer Magnetresonanztomographie." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15534.
Full textThis thesis is dealing with the imaging of magnetically labeled stem cells in the CNS using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Stem cells were efficiently magnetically labeled with very small superparamagnetic iron-oxide particles (VSOP), without any lipofection agents. No significant impact on vitality, proliferation and ability to differentiate could be observed after the magnetic labeling of all cell populations investigated. Magnetically labeled embryonic stem cells were injected into the striatum of rats to evaluate their detection limit by MRI. At field strengths of 17.6 T, less than 100 cells could be discriminated from the brain parenchyma as T2*-weighted hypointensities. Histology proved the cellular origin of MRI-signal changes. In a rat model of Parkinsons’s Disease, magnetically labeled embryonic stem cells could be detected by MRI after intrastriatal injection for a time period of more than 6 months. No significant migration of transplanted cells could be observed, however significant inter-individual differences concerning the spatial distribution of cells could be found. Histologically, transplanted iron-oxide-labeled cells could still be detected in the vicinity of the injection tract six months after transplantation. In a mouse model of cerebral ischemia, the enrichment of systemically injected magnetically labeled mononuclear cells was detected non-invasively by MRI. 24 to 48 hours after injection of magnetically labeled cells, T2*-weighted hypointense signal changes could be observed in the border zone of the ischemia. Over all, this study showed that cellular MRI is capable of the sensitive non-invasive detection of small numbers of magnetically labeled cells over a long period of time.
Lu, Wenmiao. "Off-resonance correction in magnetic resonance imaging /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textManners, David Neil. "Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of skeletal muscle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269250.
Full textPetropoulos, Labros Spiridon. "Magnetic field issues in magnetic resonance imaging." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060710667.
Full textCampbell, Jennifer 1975. "Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30809.
Full textThis thesis describes the design and implementation of diffusion tensor imaging on a clinical MRI system. An acquisition sequence was designed and post-processing software developed to create diffusion trace images, scalar anisotropy maps, and anisotropy vector maps. A number of practical imaging problems were addressed and solved, including optimization of sequence parameters, accounting for flow effects, and dealing with eddy currents, patient motion, and ghosting. Experimental validation of the sequence was performed by calculating the trace of the diffusion tensor measured in various isotropic liquids. The results agreed very well with the quantitative values found in the literature, and the scalar anisotropy index was also found to be correct in isotropic phantoms. Anisotropy maps, showing the preferred direction of diffusion, were generated in human brain in vivo. These showed the expected white matter tracts in the corpus callosum.
Lindsay, Alistair. "Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526491.
Full textGlover, Paul Martin. "High field magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335575.
Full textYoo, Seung-Schik 1970. "Adaptive functional magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70893.
Full textSome research performed with the Harvard-M.I.T. Division of Health Sciences and Technology.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140).
Functional MRI (fMRI) detects the signal associated with neuronal activation, and has been widely used to map brain functions. Locations of neuronal activation are localized and distributed throughout the brain, however, conventional encoding methods based on k-space acquisition have limited spatial selectivity. To improve it, we propose an adaptive fMRI method using non-Fourier, spatially selective RF encoding. This method follows a strategy of zooming into the locations of activation by progressively eliminating the regions that do not show any apparent activation. In this thesis, the conceptual design and implementation of adaptive fMRI are pursued under the hypothesis that the method may provide a more efficient means to localize functional activities with increased spatial or temporal resolution. The difference between functional detection and mapping is defined, and the multi- resolution approach for functional detection is examined using theoretical models simulating variations in both in-plane and through-plane resolution. We justify the multi-resolution approach experimentally using BOLD CNR as a quantitative measure and compare results to those obtained using theoretical models. We conclude that there is an optimal spatial resolution to obtain maximum detection; when the resolution matches the size of the functional activation. We demonstrated on a conventional 1.5-Tesla system that RF encoding provides a simple means for monitoring irregularly distributed slices throughout the brain without encoding the whole volume. We also show the potential for increased signal-to-noise ratio with Hadamard encoding as well as reduction of the in-flow effect with unique design of excitation pulses.
(cont.) RF encoding was further applied in the implementation of real-time adaptive fMRI method, where we can zoom into the user-defined regions interactively. In order to do so, real-time pulse prescription and data processing capabilities were combined with RF encoding. Our specific implementation consisted of five scan stages tailored to identify the volume of interest, and to increase temporal resolution (from 7.2 to 3.2 seconds) and spatial resolution (from 10 mm to 2.5-mm slice thickness). We successfully demonstrated the principle of the multi- resolution adaptive fMRI method in volunteers performing simple sensorimotor paradigms for simultaneous activation of primary motor as well as cerebellar areas.
by Seung-Schik Yoo.
Ph.D.