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Journal articles on the topic 'Molecular hybrid'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Kawashima, Etsuko, Yusuke Ohba, Yusuke Terui, and Kazuo Kamaike. "Design, Synthesis, and Analysis of Minor Groove Binder Pyrrolepolyamide-2′-Deoxyguanosine Hybrids." Journal of Nucleic Acids 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/235240.

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Pyrrolepolyamide-2′-deoxyguanosine hybrids (Hybrid2and Hybrid3) incorporating the 3-aminopropionyl or 3-aminopropyl linker were designed and synthesized on the basis of previously reported results of a pyrrolepolyamide-adenosine hybrid (Hybrid1). Evaluation of the DNA binding sequence selectivity of pyrrolepolyamide-2′-deoxyguanosine hybrids was performed by CD spectral andTmanalyses. It was shown that Hybrid3possessed greater binding specificity than distamycin A, Hybrid1and Hybrid2.

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2

Coronado, Eugenio, and José R. Galán-Mascarós. "Hybrid molecular conductors." J. Mater. Chem. 15, no. 1 (2005): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b415940n.

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3

Heermann, Dieter W., Peter Nielaba, and Mauro Rovere. "Hybrid molecular dynamics." Computer Physics Communications 60, no. 3 (October 1990): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(90)90030-5.

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4

Šiško, Metka, Anja Ivanuš, and Anton Ivančič. "Determination of Sambucus Interspecific Hybrid Structure using Molecular Markers." Agricultura 16, no. 1-2 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/agricultura.16.1-2.1-10.2019.

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Phenotypic and genotypic variations within the genus Sambucus are limited. They could be efficiently increased by genetic recombination involving different species. The aim of the presented investigation was to assess the possibility of using molecular approach (i.e., microsattelites) in determination of unknown hybrid structures. The study involved 47 Sambucus genotypes (parental species and intespecific hybrids), and six microsatellite loci were analysed. The clustering method grouped the analysed genotypes into four main groups. The first main group involved two sub-groups: one with taxons and hybrids involving S. racemosa (in broad sense) and the other involving two botanical varieties of S. nigra. In the second main group, there was a sub-group involving hybrids between S. javanica and S. nigra, and a sub-group involving F1 hybrids between S. javanica and S. ebulus. The third main group contained a sub-group with hybrids between S. javanica and S. nigra ‘Black Beauty’, a sub-group with hybrids involving S. javanica, S. nigra and S. racemosa (miquelii), a sub-group with backcrosses S. javanica × (S. javanica × S. ebulus), and un unknown hybrid. The fourth main group included a subgroup with F1 hybrids S. javanica × S. ebulus, a sub-group involving various taxons of S. racemosa (in broad sense), and a sub-group involving hybrids between S. cerulea and S. javanica, with and without S. nigra. Our study shows that molecular analysis can be helpful in determining some of the unknown but simple interspecific hybrids of Sambucus. In the cases of complex hybrid combinations, the use of SSRs is most probably not the best solution.

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5

Li, Jianhua, Suzanne Shoup, Jianhua Li, and Thomas S. Elias. "Molecular Confirmation of Intergeneric Hybrid ×Chitalpa tashkentensis (Bignoniaceae)." HortScience 41, no. 5 (August 2006): 1162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1162.

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Intergeneric hybrids are generally rare; nevertheless, such putative hybrids need confirmation from other lines of evidence besides morphological intermediacy. In this study the authors used DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast genes to determine the hybrid identity of ×Chitalpa. Their results confirm that both ×Chitalpa tashkentensis `Pink Dawn' and ×C. tashkentensis `Morning Cloud' are the result of an Chilopsis linearis ×Catalpa sp. cross. However, Catalpa bignonioides does not seem to have participated in the cross, as speculated before. Different species of Catalpa may have been used as the paternal parent. ×C. tashkentensis `Morning Cloud' is the result of the C. linearis × C. speciosa cross, whereas the paternal parent of ×C. tashkentensis `Pink Dawn' may be a hybrid plant of C. ovata and C. speciosa.

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6

Tognarelli, Giulia, Marco A. L. Zuffi, Silvia Marracci, and Matilde Ragghianti. "Surveys on populations of green frogs (Pelophylax) of Western Tuscany sites with molecular and morphometric methods." Amphibia-Reptilia 35, no. 1 (2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002931.

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The water frogs of western Tuscany (Italy) belong to the L-E hybridogenetic system, and comprise one parental species and its hybrid. A stringent morphological approach for discriminating the Italian hybrids from non-hybrids has yet to be established. In this work, using the molecular marker RrS1, we have determined the hybrid versus non-hybrid status of 43 water frogs collected from two sampling sites (“Fiume Morto Vecchio” and “Padule di Bientina”). At “Fiume Morto Vecchio” we determined 25 non-hybrids and nine hybrids and in “Padule di Bientina” we determined eight hybrids and one non-hybrid individual. All individuals of these two frog populations were analyzed morphologically. We used the derived residuals from regression analysis of all normally distributed morphological parameters on callus internus length (snout to vent length, tibia length, head width, distance nostril eye, first toe length and body mass) to build sex independent variables in discriminant analysis providing a valid contribution to morphologically distinguish hybrids from non-hybrid green frogs in Italy.

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7

Li, X., L. Liu, Y. Gong, Y. Wang, B. Fu, X. Hou, X. Zhu, F. Yu, and H. Shen. "Molecular testing of cucumber hybrid genetic purity with RAPD marker." Seed Science and Technology 36, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2008.36.2.17.

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8

Freyre, Rosanna, and Erin Tripp. "Artificial Hybridization between U.S. Native Ruellia caroliniensis and Invasive Ruellia simplex: Crossability, Morphological Diagnosis, and Molecular Characterization." HortScience 49, no. 8 (August 2014): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.8.991.

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The potential for natural hybridization to occur between non-native, invasive species and closely related native species is of interest to biologists, conservationists, and land managers, particularly in regions such as the southeastern United States where numerous non-native species have become serious environmental pests. To explore this potential between the invasive plant species Ruellia simplex and the closely related, sympatric Ruellia caroliniensis, we conducted a study of reproductive crossability and hybrid viability. Results indicate that the production of interspecific hybrids is possible, but only in one direction (i.e., with R. caroliniensis as the maternal parent). Artificial hybrids were weak, slow-growing, and sterile. These data suggest that it is unlikely that R. caroliniensis × R. simplex hybrids could invade the gene pool of native R. caroliniensis. We also characterized hybrids at the molecular level by sequencing parents plus F1 progeny for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) + 5.8S region. All hybrid genotypes formed a strongly supported clade with the maternal parent, Ruellia caroliniensis. Within this clade, hybrid individuals were not differentiable from maternal genotypes. We then examined general plant morphology of hybrid individuals and the two parents. Unlike results from the molecular characterization, there was a strong signal of hybrid intermediacy from this morphological work. We conclude that morphology but not molecular sequence data (from nrITS) can be used to distinguish the two parents and their F1 hybrids.

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9

Sudha, R., K. Samsudeen, M. K. Rajesh, and V. Niral. "Molecular marker assisted confirmation of hybrids in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 82, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/isgpb.82.3.15.

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Hybrid authentication is important in the selection of good quality hybrid seedlings in coconut before distribution to various stakeholders. Fourteen coconut specific SSR primer pairs were initially used to screen parental lines used in coconut hybrid nut production for polymorphism. Primers capable of differentiating parents, CncirE2 and CnCirE10 were then utilized to screen seedlings in the coconut nursery to identify true hybrids based on the complementary banding pattern of both male and female parents

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10

Gambini, JuanPablo. "Theranostic Hybrid Molecular Imaging." World Journal of Nuclear Medicine 13, no. 2 (2014): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.139129.

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11

LI, QILIANG. "HYBRID SILICON-MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 12 (May 20, 2008): 1183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908016054.

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As CMOS technology extends beyond the current technology node, many challenges to conventional MOSFET were raised. Non-classical CMOS to extend and fundamentally new technologies to replace current CMOS technology are under intensive investigation to meet these challenges. The approach of hybrid silicon/molecular electronics is to provide a smooth transition technology by integrating molecular intrinsic scalability and diverse properties with the vast infrastructure of traditional MOS technology. Here we discuss: (1) the integration of redox-active molecules into Si -based structures, (2) characterization and modeling of the properties of these Si /molecular systems, (3) single and multiple states of Si /molecular memory, and (4) applications based on hybrid Si /molecular electronic system.

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12

Amendola, Valeria, Corrado Dallacosta, Luigi Fabbrizzi, and Enrico Monzani. "A hybrid molecular machine." Tetrahedron 64, no. 36 (September 2008): 8318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.041.

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13

Zhang, You, Ben Ovenden, Yao He, Wenwei Ye, Xianjun Wu, William James Peacock, and Elizabeth S. Dennis. "Hybrid Vigour and Hybrid Mimics in Japonica Rice." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071559.

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In crop improvement programs, hybrid vigour (heterosis) is an important breeding strategy but the molecular mechanisms of hybrid vigour are still unclear. Grain yield declines after F1 generation due to phenotypic segregation. We found that, at the early seedling stage in hybrids derived from the temperate japonica rice varieties ‘Doongara’ and ‘Reiziq’, hybrid vigour was approximately 40% greater than in the better parents. Inbred high-yielding lines (Hybrid Mimics) were developed from the ‘Doongara’ × ‘Reiziq’ F1 by selfing and recurrent selection for F1-like plants in the F2 through to the F5 generation. Grain yields are stable over subsequent generations in the Hybrid Mimic lines. The importance of photosynthesis in early seedling development was demonstrated. Photosynthesis-related genes were expressed in the hybrid earlier than in the parents; physiological evidence using gas exchange indicated the early commencement of photosynthesis. Dark germination experiments supported the requirement for photosynthesis for early vigour in hybrids.

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14

González, Sara S., Eladio Barrio, and Amparo Querol. "Molecular Characterization of New Natural Hybrids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in Brewing." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (February 22, 2008): 2314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01867-07.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed 24 beer strains from different origins by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of different gene regions, and six new Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces kudriavzevii hybrid strains were found. This is the first time that the presence in brewing of this new type of hybrid has been demonstrated. From the comparative molecular analysis of these natural hybrids with respect to those described in wines, it can be concluded that these originated from at least two hybridization events and that some brewing hybrids share a common origin with wine hybrids. Finally, a reduction of the S. kudriavzevii fraction of the hybrid genomes was observed, but this reduction was found to vary among hybrids regardless of the source of isolation. The fact that 25% of the strains analyzed were discovered to be S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrids suggests that an important fraction of brewing strains classified as S. cerevisiae may correspond to hybrids, contributing to the complexity of Saccharomyces diversity in brewing environments. The present study raises new questions about the prevalence of these new hybrids in brewing as well as their contribution to the properties of the final product.

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15

Alberola, A. "Multifunctionality in hybrid molecular materials: design of ferromagnetic molecular metals and hybrid magnets." Synthetic Metals 133-134 (March 13, 2003): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00433-2.

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16

Hopfner, Karl-Peter, Christian-Benedikt Gerhold, Kristina Lakomek, and Petra Wollmann. "Swi2/Snf2 remodelers: hybrid views on hybrid molecular machines." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 22, no. 2 (April 2012): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2012.02.007.

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17

Klobucnik, Miroslav, Martin Galgoci, Dusan Gomory, and Andrej Kormutak. "Molecular Insight into Genetic Structure and Diversity of Putative Hybrid Swarms of Pinus sylvestris × P. mugo in Slovakia." Forests 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020205.

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The genetic structures of the four putative hybrid swarms of Pinus sylvestris × P. mugo in Slovakia were analyzed in terms of individual admixture proportions calculated via inter-primer binding site (iPBS) marker loci. This work aimed to reevaluate the hybrid swarms’ differentiation status as postulated in the previous studies at both population and genomic levels. The study confirmed intermediate divergence of each of the swarms examined. Based on 80-loci hybrid index scores, we have revealed the presence of introgressive and intermediate hybrids with frequencies corresponding to differentiation estimates. Surprisingly, irrespective of individual phenotypes, the most frequent intermediates were found in Sucha Hora (29.5%) and Obsivanka (28.6%) populations, which resemble rather pure P. mugo and were previously considered as bimodal hybrid zones with a negligible amount of hybrids. The remaining hybrid zone population Zuberec seems to be highly introgressed to P. sylvestris, while Tisovnica is clearly inclined to P. mugo. The results and different methodologies are discussed.

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18

Delgado–Buscalioni, Rafael, and Peter V. Coveney. "Hybrid molecular–continuum fluid dynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 362, no. 1821 (June 3, 2004): 1639–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1401.

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19

Kim, Joong Hyun, Jared P. Stephens, Dimitrios Morikis, and Mihrimah Ozkan. "Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Molecular Beacons." Sensor Letters 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2004.042.

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20

Tu, Deyu, Ming Liu, Wei Wang, and S. Haruehanroengra. "3D CMOS/Molecular Hybrid Circuits." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 1015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2009.c076.

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21

Ananikov, Valentine P., Elena A. Khokhlova, Mikhail P. Egorov, Alexey M. Sakharov, Sergei G. Zlotin, Alexei V. Kucherov, Leonid M. Kustov, Marina L. Gening, and Nikolay E. Nifantiev. "Organic and hybrid molecular systems." Mendeleev Communications 25, no. 2 (March 2015): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2015.03.001.

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22

Ho, Bosco K., David Perahia, and Ashley M. Buckle. "Hybrid approaches to molecular simulation." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2012.05.005.

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23

Mundoor, Haridas, Sungoh Park, Bohdan Senyuk, Henricus H. Wensink, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Hybrid molecular-colloidal liquid crystals." Science 360, no. 6390 (May 17, 2018): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9359.

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24

Forment-Aliaga, Alicia, and Eugenio Coronado. "Hybrid Interfaces in Molecular Spintronics." Chemical Record 18, no. 7-8 (March 5, 2018): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201700109.

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25

Kumar, Amit. "Chalcone Derivatives for Biological Potentials: A Strategy of Molecular Hybridization for Drug Design." YMER Digital 21, no. 07 (July 29, 2022): 1262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/a5.

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Naturally and synthetically derived hybrid molecules are promising sources for new drug development due to their multiple modes of action and other advantages. Chalcone, two important classes of synthetic chemistry affording diverse pharmacological activities, make themselves ideal blocks for building a chalcone hybrid scaffold as a bioactive agent. Provoked by the promising medicinal applications of such hybrids, the scientific community has reported dozens of chalcone hybrids with a wide spectrum of biological properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, antianxiety and so on, through synthetic hybridization strategy. It is expected to assist medicinal chemists in the effective and successful development of chalcone hybrids. In view of these observations, we herein report the literature review of Chalcone hybrids which possessing antimicrobial antioxidant and antianxiety potential. Key words: Chalcone, Molecular hybridization, Biological potentials.

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26

Joachim, C., J. K. Gimzewski, and A. Aviram. "Electronics using hybrid-molecular and mono-molecular devices." Nature 408, no. 6812 (November 2000): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35046000.

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27

Hagiya, Masami, Nathanael Aubert-Kato, Shaoyu Wang, and Satoshi Kobayashi. "Molecular computers for molecular robots as hybrid systems." Theoretical Computer Science 632 (June 2016): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2015.11.002.

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28

Evtushenko, Elena V., Yulia A. Lipikhina, Petr I. Stepochkin, and Alexander V. Vershinin. "Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of rye genome in octoploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack)." Comparative Cytogenetics 13, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v13i4.39576.

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Alloploidization resulting from remote (interspecific or intergeneric) hybridization is one of the main factors in plant evolution, leading to the formation of new species. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack, 1889) is the first artificial species created by crossing wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale Linnaeus, 1753) and has a great potential as a grain and forage crop. Remote hybridization is a stress factor that causes a rapid reorganization of the parental genomes in hybrid progeny (“genomic shock”) and is accompanied by abnormalities in the chromosome set of hybrids. The formation of the hybrid genome and its subsequent stabilization are directly related to the normalization of meiosis and the correct chromosome segregation. The aim of this work was to cytogenetically characterize triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui Wittmack, 1899, AABBDDRR) obtained by crossing Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, 1753. Triple Dirk D × Secale cereale L. Korotkostebel’naya 69 in F3–F6 generations of hybrids, and to trace the process of genetic stabilization of hybrid genomes. Also, a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the centromeric histone CENH3 genes was performed in wheat-rye allopolyploids of various ploidy as well as their parental forms. In the hybrid genomes of octoploid triticale an increased expression of the rye CENH3 variants was detected. The octoploid triticale plants contain complete chromosome sets of the parental subgenomes maintaining the chromosome balance and meiotic stability. For three generations the percentage of aneuploids in the progeny of such plants has been gradually decreasing, and they maintain a complete set of the paternal rye chromosomes. However, the emergence of hexaploid and new aneuploid plants in F5 and F6 generations indicates that stabilization of the hybrid genome is not complete yet. This conclusion was confirmed by the analysis of morphological features in hybrid plants: the progeny of one plant having the whole chromosome sets of parental subgenomes showed significant morphological variations in awn length and spike density. Thus, we expect that the results of our karyotyping of octoploid triticales obtained by crossing hexaploid wheat to diploid rye supplemented by comparative analysis of CENH3 sequences will be applicable to targeted breeding of stable octo- and hexaploid hybrids.

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29

Pooler, Margaret R., Louise G. H. Riedel, S. E. Bentz, and A. M. Townsend. "Molecular Markers Used to Verify Interspecific Hybridization between Hemlock (Tsuga) Species." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 4 (July 2002): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.4.623.

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Controlled pollinations were made between five hemlock (Tsuga) species from eastern North America and Asia, resulting in over 5700 germinating seedlings. A subset of putative hybrid seedlings from each cross was tested for authenticity by various DNA marker systems. The most reliable and useful system for verifying hybrids was amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Hybridizations between the eastern North American species, T. canadensis [L.] Carriere and T. caroliniana Engelm., and the Asian species, T. chinensis (Franch.) E. Pritz., were used as a model to test the inheritance, reliability, and ease of use of these markers. Using AFLP markers, we were able to verify 58 hybrids between T. caroliniana and T. chinensis, one hybrid between T. caroliniana and T. canadensis, but could find no definitive hybrids between T. canadensis and T. chinensis. Results using other marker systems, including RAPD, SCAR, ITS, and SSR, are also presented.

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30

Yin, Tongming, Xinye Zhang, Minren Huang, Minxiu Wang, Qiang Zhuge, Shengming Tu, Li-Huang Zhu, and Rongling Wu. "Molecular linkage maps of the Populus genome." Genome 45, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-013.

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We report molecular genetic linkage maps for an interspecific hybrid population of Populus, a model system in forest-tree biology. The hybrids were produced by crosses between P. deltoides (mother) and P. euramericana (father), which is a natural hybrid of P. deltoides (grandmother) and P. nigra (grandfather). Linkage analysis from 93 of the 450 backcross progeny grown in the field for 15 years was performed using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Of a total of 839 polymorphic markers identified, 560 (67%) were testcross markers heterozygous in one parent but null in the other (segregating 1:1), 206 (25%) were intercross dominant markers heterozygous in both parents (segregating 3:1), and the remaining 73 (9%) were 19 non-parental RAPD markers (segregating 1:1) and 54 codominant AFLP markers (segregating 1:1:1:1). A mixed set of the testcross markers, non-parental RAPD markers, and codominant AFLP markers was used to construct two linkage maps, one based on the P. deltoides (D) genome and the other based on P. euramericana (E). The two maps showed nearly complete coverage of the genome, spanning 3801 and 3452 cM, respectively. The availability of non-parental RAPD and codominant AFLP markers as orthologous genes allowed for a direct comparison of the rate of meiotic recombination between the two different parental species. Generally, the rate of meiotic recombination was greater for males than females in our interspecific poplar hybrids. The confounded effect of sexes and species causes the mean recombination distance of orthologous markers to be 11% longer for the father (P. euramericana; interspecific hybrid) than for the mother (P. deltoides; pure species). The linkage maps constructed and the interspecific poplar hybrid population in which clonal replicates for individual genotypes are available present a comprehensive foundation for future genomic studies and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification.Key words: AFLP, Genetic map, poplar, RAPD, SSR.

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31

Cao, Q. H., J. Tang, A. Li, W. Gruneberg, K. Huamani, and D. Ma. "Ploidy level and molecular phylogenic relationship among novel Ipomoea interspecific hybrids." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 1 (February 13, 2014): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/172/2013-cjgpb.

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Interspecific hybridization can be used to broaden the genetic base, generate novel species, postulate genetic relationships, and to introgress elite alien genes. However, interspecific hybridizations using wild parents outside the Ipomoea section Batatas are very difficult and have not been much studied. We used an improved hybridization technology to generate three novel interspecific hybrids by crossing Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. × I. hederacea Jacq., I. batatas (L.) Lam. × I. muricata (L.) Jacq., and I. batatas (L.) Lam. × I. lonchophylla J.M. Black. The ploidy level of the interspecific hybrids was determined by flow cytometry. The cross, I. batatas × I. hederacea, yielded the first artificial pentaploid Ipomoea hybrid ever. The other two hybrids, I. batatas × I. hederacea and I. batatas × I. muricata were tetraploid. The first two hybrids showed normal storage roots, a significant improvement in the storage roots of currently existing interspecific Ipomoea hybrids. AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) molecular markers were used to explore the genetic relationship of these three novel interspecific hybrids with three other natural diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species of the Ipomoea section Batatas. Cluster analysis of AFLP bands showed that these three new interspecific hybrids were closely related to cultivated sweet potato (I. batatas/L./Lam.), which indicated that these novel hybrids can be used as an interspecific bridge to transfer alien genes from wild to cultivated species.

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32

Salgado, Kalinka Carla Padovani de Carvalho, das Graças Guimarães Carvalho Vieira, Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho, Cláudia Teixeira Guimarães, Renzo Garcia Von Pinho, and Lourenço Viana de Souza. "Genetic purity certificate in seeds of hybrid maize using molecular markers." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 28, no. 1 (April 2006): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222006000100024.

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One of the main features that confer high quality to the seed is its genetic purity, in which one of the major causes of contamination is the self-pollination of the female parent. Up to date, there is no accurate and fast methods for detecting such contamination. Thus, this work was carried out to certify the genetic purity in seeds of hybrid maize using different biochemical and DNA-based markers. Two single-cross hybrids and their parental lines derived from the maize breeding program at UFLA were evaluated by isoenzymatic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (ACP), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), 6-phosphoglucomate dehydrogenase (PGDH), catalase (CAT) and ß-glucosidade (ßGLU) and by microsatellites markers. The enzymatic systems that were able to distinguish the hybrids from their parental line were the catalase, the isocitrate dehydrogenase and the esterase. The esterase showed a Mendelian segregation pattern for UFLA 8/3 hybrid, that enables a safer genetic purity certificate. Microsatellites were able to differentiate the hybrid lines and the respective parental lines. Moreover, this technique was fast, precise and without environment effects. For microsatellites, the amplification pattern was identical when young leaves or seeds were used as DNA source. The possibility of using seeds as DNA source would accelerate and facilitate the role process of the genetic purity analysis.

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33

Stroil, Belma Kalamujić, Lejla Ušanović, Abdurahim Kalajdžić, Lejla Lasić, Rifat Škrijelj, and Naris Pojskić. "Molecular Structure and Hybridization Patterns of Abramis brama × Rutilus rutilus Hybrids from Modrac Reservoir, Bosnia and Herzegovina." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 79, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2021-0016.

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Abstract Interspecific hybridization in the Cyprinidae family has been recorded worldwide, with Abramis brama (bream) and Rutilus rutilus (roach) as one of the often-reported hybridizing pairs. The only account of such an event in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been in Modrac Reservoir. Using morphological and molecular markers, the presence of hybrids was surveyed, the hybridization direction was determined and the hybrid group structure in this ecosystem was evaluated. Our findings confirmed unhindered natural hybridization between roach and bream in Modrac Reservoir. Over 50% of the hybrid specimens were classified as F2 hybrids by the NewHybrids software, while the rest were categorized as pure parental form, making it the first such finding in Europe. The analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b showed that 90% of hybrid individuals were of bream maternal origin. The hybrid group expressed higher mean values of observed heterozygosity and gene diversity than both parental species. Signs of introgressive hybridization between parental species were detected. The hybrid zone of Modrac Reservoir appears to follow the intermediate or “flat” hybrid model based on the balanced distribution of parental and hybrid genotypes. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the factors that enable the survival and mating success of post-F1 individuals.

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D. SHASHIBHUSHAN, T. PRADEEP, and RAVI KIRAN REDDY K. "HYBRID PURITY ANALYSIS OF RICE USING MICRO SATELLITE MARKERS." Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences 24, no. 04 (2022): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/ajmbes.2022.v24i04.006.

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Rice is the staple food crop which can fight against hunger and poverty in most of the developing nations. Hybrids perform better than the traditional verities in both yield and quality aspects. But the main problem lies in the genetic purity of the hybrids. In this study, molecular test was conducted and compared with the grow out test to assess the genetic purity of the rice hybrid, JGLH1 at Seed Research and Technology Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad. JGLH1 and its parents were used as materials, using SSR molecular marker technology, to select primers and identify genetic purity according to its polymorphism. The SSR marker, XA 21 was amplified on the DNA extracted from the rice hybrid, JGLH1, and its parents, CMS 64A and JBR7. The amplification of marker was conducted on the DNA of 20 hybrid leaves and 1 leaf from each parent, separately. The marker was amplified at 650 bp in the parent, CMS-64A, and 730bp in JBR7, and amplified at both the base pairs in their F1 progeny, JGLH1. This confirms the hybridity of the rice hybrid JGLH1. The marker was unveiled in all the 20 leaves of the hybrid rice sample ensuring the purity of the seed lot. The grow out test results also showed 100% purity without any deviations. It concludes that molecular marker, XA 21 is effective in hybrid purity evaluation of the rice hybrid, JGLH 1.

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Kumar, P. Kranthi, and N. C. Subrahmanyam. "Molecular changes atRrnloci in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) hybrids withH. bulbosum(L.)." Genome 42, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-053.

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Southern blots of restriction fragments of genomic DNAs from Hordeum vulgare (L.), H. bulbosum (L.), and interspecific hybrids and their derivatives were hybridized with rDNA probe to identify locus-specific modifications at Rrn loci. H. bulbosum rDNA revealed a single EcoRV site per repeat compared with two sites in H. vulgare rDNA repeats. H. bulbosum accessions possessed at least two rDNA repeat lengths, indicating heterozygosity at the Rrn locus. Hybrids possessed both H. vulgare and H. bulbosum rDNA repeats. Two of the hybrid derivatives possessed bulbosum-specific Sau3AI and HaeIII rDNA fragments, while amphiploid and doubled haploid derivatives lacked H. bulbosum rDNA repeat units and (or) fragments. Two hybrid derivatives, one amphiploid and a doubled haploid derived from the same parental combination, lacked the vulgare Rrn2-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat. This is the first conclusive evidence for the elimination of vulgare genetic material in vulgare-bulbosum hybrids. The ratios of 9.0- to 9.9-kb vulgare repeats and H. vulgare to H. bulbosum rDNA repeats indicate partial loss of the vulgare-specific 9.0-kb rDNA repeat among the hybrids. Differences in MboI and Sau3AI fragments and the ratios of 9.0 to 9.9 kb vulgare rDNA repeats revealed differential methylation at Rrn1and Rrn2loci. Hybrids and derivatives showed differential distribution of methylation of EcoRI, BglII, and SacI sites at the Rrn1locus. Two of the hybrid derivatives exhibited extensive CpG-biased methylation. Data presented here are indicative of the differences in the onset of events triggered by the interaction of the component genomes and enabled detection of differential methylation among Rrn loci, loss of H. vulgare genetic material, and development of doubled haploids with the Rrn1locus.Key words: DNA methylation, elimination, Hordeum vulgare, H. bulbosum, Rrn loci.

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Kashiani, Pedram, and Ghizan Saleh. "A Decade of Tropical Sweet Corn Breeding Using Conventional and Molecular Approaches in Malaysia." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036220.

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To increase self-sufficiency in sweet corn production in Malaysia, a long-term breeding study was conducted to develop merit inbred lines using conventional and molecular techniques toward production of superior local hybrid varieties. A germplasm consisting of 18 tropical source populations was established and used for inbred line development. Forty tropical inbred lines were developed through continues self-pollination and selection. Agronomic performance of these newly developed inbred lines was evaluated in replicated blocks in two locations. Significant variations in agronomic performance indicated presence of high genetic diversity among the inbred lines for potential utilization towards hybrid production. In addition, the level of genetic homozygosity for each inbred line and genetic similarities among the inbred lines were estimated through amplification of 100 microsatellite loci. The 40 inbred lines were clustered into five main heterotic groups based on their agronomic and molecular characteristics. Eleven inbred lines were selected to conduct two sets of half-diallel cross (5 × 5 and 6 × 6), resulting a total of 25 single-cross hybrids. Greater estimates of GCA mean squares than SCA mean squares showed relatively more important effect of additive gene action in controlling yield and yield components in the hybrids. Genetic distances among the parental lines were used to predict hybrid performance, showing significant positive associations between genetic similarities and SCA estimates. Among the 25 hybrids produced, five hybrids exhibited high and competitive yield performance in comparison to those from the commercial imported hybrids and can be released as new hybrids in Malaysia after evaluation in large scale multi-locational trials.

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Rosazlina, Rusly, Niels Jacobsen, Marian Ørgaard, and Ahmad Sofiman Othman. "Molecular evidence of the hybrid origin of Cryptocoryne ×purpurea Ridl. nothovar. purpurea (Araceae)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): e0239499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239499.

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Natural hybridization has been considered a source of taxonomic complexity in Cryptocoryne. A combined study of DNA sequencing data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnK-matK region of chloroplast DNA was used to identify the parents of Cryptocoryne putative hybrids from Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the intermediate morphology and sympatric distribution area, the plants were tentatively identified as the hybrid Cryptocoryne ×purpurea nothovar. purpurea. The plants were pollen sterile and had long been considered as hybrids, supposedly between two related and co-existing species, C. cordata var. cordata and C. griffithii. The status of C. ×purpurea nothovar. purpurea was independently confirmed by the presence of an additive ITS sequence pattern from these two parental species in hybrid individuals. An analysis of the chloroplast trnK-matK sequences showed that the hybridization is bidirectional with the putative hybrids sharing identical sequences from C. cordata var. cordata and C. griffithii, indicating that both putative parental species had been the maternal parent in different accessions.

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Xiao, Wei, Binglin Chen, Jun Wang, Zhiying Zou, Chenghui Wang, Dayu Li, Jinglin Zhu, Jie Yu, and Hong Yang. "Integration of mRNA and miRNA Profiling Reveals Heterosis in Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus Hybrid Tilapia." Animals 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050640.

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Heterosis is a widespread biological phenomenon in fishes, in which hybrids have superior traits to parents. However, the underlying molecular basis for heterosis remains uncertain. Heterosis in growth and survival rates is apparent in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × O. aureus ♂). Comparisons of growth and hematological biochemical characteristics and mRNA and miRNA transcriptional analyses were performed in hybrid and parents tilapia stocks to investigate the underlying molecular basis for heterosis. Growth characteristics and hematological glucose and cholesterol parameters were significantly improved in hybrids. Of 3097 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 120 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) identified among three stocks (O. niloticus, O. aureus, and hybrids), 1598 DEGs and 62 DEMs were non-additively expressed in hybrids. Both expression level dominance and overdominance patterns occurred for DEGs and DEMs, indicating that dominance and overdominance models are widespread in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in growth, metabolism, immunity, and antioxidant capacity in hybrid tilapia. Moreover, potential negative regulation networks between DEMs and predicted target DEGs revealed that most DEGs from miRNA-mRNA pairs are up-regulated. Dominance and overdominance models in levels of transcriptome and miRNAome facilitate the integration of advantageous parental alleles into hybrids, contributing to heterosis of growth and improved survival. The present study provides new insights into molecular heterosis in hybrid tilapia, advancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in this phenomenon in aquatic animals.

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39

Hekkala, Evon R., Steven G. Platt, John B. Thorbjarnarson, Thomas R. Rainwater, Michael Tessler, Seth W. Cunningham, Christopher Twomey, and George Amato. "Integrating molecular, phenotypic and environmental data to elucidate patterns of crocodile hybridization in Belize." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 9 (September 2015): 150409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150409.

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The genus Crocodylus comprises 12 currently recognized species, many of which can be difficult to differentiate phenotypically. Interspecific hybridization among crocodiles is known to occur in captivity and has been documented between some species in the wild. The identification of hybrid individuals is of importance for management and monitoring of crocodilians, many of which are Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listed. In this study, both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were evaluated for their use in confirming a suspected hybrid zone between American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) and Morelet’s crocodile ( Crocodylus moreletii ) populations in southern Belize where individuals and nests exhibiting atypical phenotypic features had previously been observed. Patterns observed in both phenotypic and molecular data indicate possible behavioural and ecological characteristics associated with hybridization events. The results of the combined analyses found that the majority of suspected hybrid samples represent crosses between female C. acutus and male C. moreletii . Phenotypic data could statistically identify hybrids, although morphological overlap between hybrids and C. moreletii reduced reliability of identification based solely on field characters. Ecologically, C. acutus was exclusively found in saline waters, whereas hybrids and C. moreletii were largely absent in these conditions. A hypothesized correlation between unidirectional hybridization and destruction of C. acutus breeding habitats warrants additional research.

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Scotti, Ivan, Anna Mariani, Valentino Verona, Alberto Candolini, Carlo A. Cenci, and Angelo M. Olivieri. "AFLP markers and cytotaxonomic analysis reveal hybridisation in the genus Schoenus (Cyperaceae)." Genome 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-138.

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Molecular, cytological, and morphological data support the existence of a hybrid population between Schoenus nigricans and Schoenus ferrugineus. This population was found in northeastern Italy, where S. nigricans is central with respect to its natural range and S. ferrugineus is marginal, being most common in the Alps and in central and northern Europe. Molecular marker data show that the putative hybrid population is genetically intermediate between nearby populations of the parent species. Cytological evidence confirmed the hybrid nature of this population, as does the almost complete sterility of plants within the population. Although no seeds were produced by the hybrid population, some possibly fertile pollen grains were produced; this suggests that the possibility of introgression between the two species through the hybrids cannot completely be excluded.Key words: Schoenus, AFLP markers, chromosome behaviour, introgression.

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41

Bonants, Peter J. M., Marjanne Hagenaar-de Weerdt, Willem A. Man in 't Veld, and Robert P. Baayen. "Molecular Characterization of Natural Hybrids of Phytophthora nicotianae and P. cactorum." Phytopathology® 90, no. 8 (August 2000): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.8.867.

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Hybrid isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae × P. cactorum from five different hosts (Cyclamen, Lavandula, Lewisia, Primula, and Spathiphyllum spp.) were identified by their atypical morphology and their well-defined heterozygous isozyme patterns. The hybrid nature of these isolates was tested by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, generating fragments typical for both P. nicotianae and P. cactorum. In hybrid isolates, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with primers derived from unique parts of the ITS region (ITS-PCR) of both species yielded a combination of unique amplicons typical of both parental species. Eleven hybrid isolates, three isolates of each parental species and two atypical isolates from Rhododendron and Idesia spp. close to P. cactorum, were analyzed for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Consistent differences in AFLP patterns existed among the hybrid isolates, strongly indicating that these hybrids have arisen from independent hybridization events between P. nicotianae and P. cactorum. The two atypical isolates morphologically resembling P. cactorum were identical to the latter species in ITS-restriction fragment length polymorphism and response to the specific PCR primers but were intermediate between P. nicotianae × P. cactorum and P. cactorum in isozyme profiles and AFLP patterns. Since the introduction of hydroponic systems in greenhouses in the Netherlands, outbreaks of Phytophthora diseases are occurring in previously unaffected host species. This may be due to interspecific hybridization events resulting in novel pathogenic behavior.

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42

Shi, Liqun, Xiaozhen Wang, Yue Zhu, and Shijin Pang. "Design of disk molecular pumps for hybrid molecular pumps*." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 11, no. 2 (March 1993): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.578748.

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43

Coccia, E., J. Fregoni, C. A. Guido, M. Marsili, S. Pipolo, and S. Corni. "Hybrid theoretical models for molecular nanoplasmonics." Journal of Chemical Physics 153, no. 20 (November 28, 2020): 200901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0027935.

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44

Coronado, Eugenio, and Emilio Palomares. "Hybrid molecular materials for optoelectronic devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, no. 35-36 (2005): 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b507453n.

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Yoo, K.-H., K. S. Park, Jinhee Kim, Myungsoo Lee, and Jung-Woo Kim. "A silicon-molecular hybrid memory device." Nanotechnology 15, no. 11 (September 4, 2004): 1472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/15/11/016.

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Mattoni, Alessandro, Alessio Filippetti, and Claudia Caddeo. "Modeling hybrid perovskites by molecular dynamics." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 29, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/29/4/043001.

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Rengarajan, Uppiliappan, Hiofan Hoi, Manisha Gupta, and Carlo Montemagno. "Hybrid Nanopore for Molecular Sensing Applications." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (February 2017): 459a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2461.

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48

Donini, A., and M. Guagnelli. "Hybrid Molecular Dynamics for lattice supersymmetry." Physics Letters B 383, no. 3 (September 1996): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00764-2.

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49

Haque, Aeraj UL, and Aloke Kumar. "Hybrid optoelectric techniques for molecular diagnostics." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 12, no. 1 (January 2012): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.11.87.

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Aceto, S., P. Caputo, S. Cozzolino, L. Longobardi, B. Menale, and R. Nazzaro. "Orchid Hybrid Recognition: A Molecular Approach." Giornale botanico italiano 130, no. 1 (January 1996): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509609439602.

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