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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Molecular hybrid

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Academic literature on the topic 'Molecular hybrid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Molecular hybrid"

1

Kawashima, Etsuko, Yusuke Ohba, Yusuke Terui, and Kazuo Kamaike. "Design, Synthesis, and Analysis of Minor Groove Binder Pyrrolepolyamide-2′-Deoxyguanosine Hybrids." Journal of Nucleic Acids 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/235240.

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Pyrrolepolyamide-2′-deoxyguanosine hybrids (Hybrid2and Hybrid3) incorporating the 3-aminopropionyl or 3-aminopropyl linker were designed and synthesized on the basis of previously reported results of a pyrrolepolyamide-adenosine hybrid (Hybrid1). Evaluation of the DNA binding sequence selectivity of pyrrolepolyamide-2′-deoxyguanosine hybrids was performed by CD spectral andTmanalyses. It was shown that Hybrid3possessed greater binding specificity than distamycin A, Hybrid1and Hybrid2.

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Coronado, Eugenio, and José R. Galán-Mascarós. "Hybrid molecular conductors." J. Mater. Chem. 15, no. 1 (2005): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b415940n.

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Heermann, Dieter W., Peter Nielaba, and Mauro Rovere. "Hybrid molecular dynamics." Computer Physics Communications 60, no. 3 (October 1990): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(90)90030-5.

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Šiško, Metka, Anja Ivanuš, and Anton Ivančič. "Determination of Sambucus Interspecific Hybrid Structure using Molecular Markers." Agricultura 16, no. 1-2 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/agricultura.16.1-2.1-10.2019.

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Phenotypic and genotypic variations within the genus Sambucus are limited. They could be efficiently increased by genetic recombination involving different species. The aim of the presented investigation was to assess the possibility of using molecular approach (i.e., microsattelites) in determination of unknown hybrid structures. The study involved 47 Sambucus genotypes (parental species and intespecific hybrids), and six microsatellite loci were analysed. The clustering method grouped the analysed genotypes into four main groups. The first main group involved two sub-groups: one with taxons and hybrids involving S. racemosa (in broad sense) and the other involving two botanical varieties of S. nigra. In the second main group, there was a sub-group involving hybrids between S. javanica and S. nigra, and a sub-group involving F1 hybrids between S. javanica and S. ebulus. The third main group contained a sub-group with hybrids between S. javanica and S. nigra ‘Black Beauty’, a sub-group with hybrids involving S. javanica, S. nigra and S. racemosa (miquelii), a sub-group with backcrosses S. javanica × (S. javanica × S. ebulus), and un unknown hybrid. The fourth main group included a subgroup with F1 hybrids S. javanica × S. ebulus, a sub-group involving various taxons of S. racemosa (in broad sense), and a sub-group involving hybrids between S. cerulea and S. javanica, with and without S. nigra. Our study shows that molecular analysis can be helpful in determining some of the unknown but simple interspecific hybrids of Sambucus. In the cases of complex hybrid combinations, the use of SSRs is most probably not the best solution.

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Li, Jianhua, Suzanne Shoup, Jianhua Li, and Thomas S. Elias. "Molecular Confirmation of Intergeneric Hybrid ×Chitalpa tashkentensis (Bignoniaceae)." HortScience 41, no. 5 (August 2006): 1162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1162.

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Intergeneric hybrids are generally rare; nevertheless, such putative hybrids need confirmation from other lines of evidence besides morphological intermediacy. In this study the authors used DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast genes to determine the hybrid identity of ×Chitalpa. Their results confirm that both ×Chitalpa tashkentensis `Pink Dawn' and ×C. tashkentensis `Morning Cloud' are the result of an Chilopsis linearis ×Catalpa sp. cross. However, Catalpa bignonioides does not seem to have participated in the cross, as speculated before. Different species of Catalpa may have been used as the paternal parent. ×C. tashkentensis `Morning Cloud' is the result of the C. linearis × C. speciosa cross, whereas the paternal parent of ×C. tashkentensis `Pink Dawn' may be a hybrid plant of C. ovata and C. speciosa.

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Tognarelli, Giulia, Marco A. L. Zuffi, Silvia Marracci, and Matilde Ragghianti. "Surveys on populations of green frogs (Pelophylax) of Western Tuscany sites with molecular and morphometric methods." Amphibia-Reptilia 35, no. 1 (2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002931.

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The water frogs of western Tuscany (Italy) belong to the L-E hybridogenetic system, and comprise one parental species and its hybrid. A stringent morphological approach for discriminating the Italian hybrids from non-hybrids has yet to be established. In this work, using the molecular marker RrS1, we have determined the hybrid versus non-hybrid status of 43 water frogs collected from two sampling sites (“Fiume Morto Vecchio” and “Padule di Bientina”). At “Fiume Morto Vecchio” we determined 25 non-hybrids and nine hybrids and in “Padule di Bientina” we determined eight hybrids and one non-hybrid individual. All individuals of these two frog populations were analyzed morphologically. We used the derived residuals from regression analysis of all normally distributed morphological parameters on callus internus length (snout to vent length, tibia length, head width, distance nostril eye, first toe length and body mass) to build sex independent variables in discriminant analysis providing a valid contribution to morphologically distinguish hybrids from non-hybrid green frogs in Italy.

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Li, X., L. Liu, Y. Gong, Y. Wang, B. Fu, X. Hou, X. Zhu, F. Yu, and H. Shen. "Molecular testing of cucumber hybrid genetic purity with RAPD marker." Seed Science and Technology 36, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2008.36.2.17.

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Freyre, Rosanna, and Erin Tripp. "Artificial Hybridization between U.S. Native Ruellia caroliniensis and Invasive Ruellia simplex: Crossability, Morphological Diagnosis, and Molecular Characterization." HortScience 49, no. 8 (August 2014): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.8.991.

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The potential for natural hybridization to occur between non-native, invasive species and closely related native species is of interest to biologists, conservationists, and land managers, particularly in regions such as the southeastern United States where numerous non-native species have become serious environmental pests. To explore this potential between the invasive plant species Ruellia simplex and the closely related, sympatric Ruellia caroliniensis, we conducted a study of reproductive crossability and hybrid viability. Results indicate that the production of interspecific hybrids is possible, but only in one direction (i.e., with R. caroliniensis as the maternal parent). Artificial hybrids were weak, slow-growing, and sterile. These data suggest that it is unlikely that R. caroliniensis × R. simplex hybrids could invade the gene pool of native R. caroliniensis. We also characterized hybrids at the molecular level by sequencing parents plus F1 progeny for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) + 5.8S region. All hybrid genotypes formed a strongly supported clade with the maternal parent, Ruellia caroliniensis. Within this clade, hybrid individuals were not differentiable from maternal genotypes. We then examined general plant morphology of hybrid individuals and the two parents. Unlike results from the molecular characterization, there was a strong signal of hybrid intermediacy from this morphological work. We conclude that morphology but not molecular sequence data (from nrITS) can be used to distinguish the two parents and their F1 hybrids.

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Sudha, R., K. Samsudeen, M. K. Rajesh, and V. Niral. "Molecular marker assisted confirmation of hybrids in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 82, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/isgpb.82.3.15.

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Hybrid authentication is important in the selection of good quality hybrid seedlings in coconut before distribution to various stakeholders. Fourteen coconut specific SSR primer pairs were initially used to screen parental lines used in coconut hybrid nut production for polymorphism. Primers capable of differentiating parents, CncirE2 and CnCirE10 were then utilized to screen seedlings in the coconut nursery to identify true hybrids based on the complementary banding pattern of both male and female parents

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Gambini, JuanPablo. "Theranostic Hybrid Molecular Imaging." World Journal of Nuclear Medicine 13, no. 2 (2014): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.139129.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molecular hybrid"

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Cai, Qiong. "Hybrid molecular dynamics simulation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10849.

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Dallas, J. F. "Molecular evolution in a hybrid zone." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373243.

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Baxter, Carol Anne. "Molecular fragments and the hybrid basis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245545.

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Patti, Alessandro. "Molecular Modeling of Self-Assembling Hybrid Materials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8551.

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Los surfactantes son moléculas anfifílicas, con una cabeza solvofílica y una cola solvofóbica. Cuando la concentración de surfactante en solución es suficientemente alta, las moléculas se agregan entre ellas para proteger las partes solvofóbicas del contacto con el medio. Tales agregados pueden tener forma y tamaño muy diferentes, dependiendo del surfactante y de las condiciones del sistema. La auto-organización de los surfactantes (self-assembly), debida a un compromiso energético y entrópico de su estructura molecular, es la clave que permite observar cristales líquidos muy ordenados. En presencia de un precursor inorgánico y dependiendo de las interacciones que este precursor establece con el surfactante, se puede observar la formación del material híbrido. Los materiales híbridos constituyen un paso intermedio fundamental para la síntesis de los materiales mesoporosos ordenados, los cuales se obtienen eliminando la matriz orgánica (surfactante) del substrato inorgánico.
El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo estudiar bajo cuales condiciones los sistemas formados por un surfactante, un precursor inorgánico y un solvente, se auto-organizan para dar lugar a estructuras híbridas muy ordenadas. En particular nos proponemos individuar cuales son las características más importantes que los precursores inorgánicos deberían tener para poder observar la formación de materiales mesoporosos ordenados.
Simulaciones Monte Carlo en el colectivo canónico han sido utilizadas para analizar la agregación de los surfactantes en estructuras complejas, como micelas, cilindros organizados en forma hexagonal, o laminas, a partir de configuraciones totalmente desordenadas. Con particular interés hemos analizado el rango de condiciones que llevan a la formación de las estructuras cilíndricas, y estas mismas estructuras han sido comparadas en función de algunas importantes características morfológicas, como el tamaño de poro, el grosor de las paredes, la presencia y accesibilidad de los grupos funcionales en los poros. El modelo usado representa las moléculas de surfactante y de precursor inorgánico como cadenas de segmentos en una red tridimensional que discretiza el espacio en sitios de volumen unitario. Este modelo no entra en el detalle de las características físicas y químicas de las moléculas, pero permite reproducir su agregación en estructuras complejas en un tiempo de cálculo muy razonable. La separación de fase ha sido también evaluada recorriendo a una teoría de campo medio, la quasi-chemical theory, que, aunque no pueda predecir la formación de estructuras ordenadas, ha sido muy útil para confirmar los resultados de las simulaciones, sobretodo cuando no se observa formación de fases ordenadas.
El estudio de surfactantes distintos, uno modelado por una cadena lineal y otro con una cabeza ramificada, nos ha permitido evaluar algunas diferencias estructurales de los materiales obtenidos. La ramificación de la cabeza, que merecería un estudio más profundo del que hemos descrito en este trabajo, ha evidenciado unas interesantes consecuencias en el tamaño de los poros. Este mismo surfactante con cabeza ramificada ha sido elegido para la síntesis de agregados cilíndricos utilizados como templates en la formación, agregación, y condensación de una capa de sílica modelada a través de un modelo atomístico. En particular, hemos aislado uno de los cilindros presentes en los cristales líquidos de estructura hexagonal, y a su alrededor hemos simulado la formación de una capa de sílica utilizando un modelo atomístico. De esta forma, hemos obtenido un poro típico de una estructura mesoporosa más realista, sin necesidad de asumir una forma mas o menos cilíndrica del template, por ser este generado de la auto-agregación del surfactante.
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with a solvophilic head and a solvophobic tail. When the surfactant concentration in a given solution is high enough, the molecules aggregate between them to shield the solvophobic part from the contact with the solvent. Such aggregates can show very different sizes and shapes, according to the surfactant and the conditions of the system. The surfactants self-assembly, being due to an energetic and entropic compromise of their molecular structure, is fundamental to observe the formation of very ordered liquid crystals. In the presence of an inorganic precursor and depending on the interactions established between such a precursor and the surfactant, it is possible to synthesize a hybrid material. Hybrid materials are the key step for the formation of periodic ordered mesoporous materials, which can be obtained by eliminating the organic soft matter (the surfactants) from the inorganic framework. Periodic ordered mesoporous materials represent an important family of porous materials as they find a large number of applications in several industrial fields, such as separations, catalysis, sensors, etc. In the last decade, the range of potential applications has increased with the possibility of functionalizing the pore walls by incorporating organic groups during the synthesis, or with post-synthesis treatments.
In this work, we are interested in studying the formation of ordered materials when hybrid organic-inorganic precursors are used. Lattice Monte Carlo simulations in the NVT ensemble have been used to study the equilibrium phase behavior and the synthesis of self-assembling ordered mesoporous materials formed by an organic template with amphiphilic properties and an inorganic precursor in a model solvent. Three classes of inorganic precursors have been modeled: terminal (R-Si-(OEt)3) and bridging ((EtO)3-Si-R-Si-(OEt)3)) organosilica precursors (OSPs), along with pure silica precursors (Si-(OEt)4). Each class has been studied by analyzing its solubility in the solvent and the solvophobicity of the inorganic group.
At high surfactant concentrations, periodic ordered structures, such as hexagonally-ordered cylinders or lamellas, can be obtained depending on the OSPs used. In particular, ordered structures were obtained in a wider range of conditions when bridging hydrophilic OSPs have been used, because a higher surfactant concentration was reached in the phase where the material was formed. Terminal and bridging OSPs produced ordered structures only when the organic group is solvophilic. In this case, a partial solubility between the precursor and the solvent or a lower temperature favored the formation of ordered phases.
With particular interest, we have analyzed the range of conditions leaving to the formation of cylindrical structures, which have been evaluated according to the pore size distribution, the pore wall thickness, the distribution and the accessibility of the functional organic groups around the pores. The phase behavior has been also evaluated by applying the quasi-chemical theory, which cannot predict the formation of ordered structures, but was very useful to confirm the results of simulations, especially when no ordered structures were observed.
The study of the phase and aggregation behavior of two different surfactants, one modeled by a linear chain of head segments and the other modeled by a branched-head, permitted us to evaluate some structural differences of the materials obtained.

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Rahimi, Mohammad. "Hybrid Molecular Dynamics – Continuum Mechanics for Polymers." Phd thesis, TU Darmstadt, 2012. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/3292/1/Final.pdf.

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The interaction of polymers and a solid surface modifies the polymer properties near the surface (the so-called interphase) in comparison to those of the bulk polymers. A clear explanation of the origin of this modification in the polymer properties is still missing. The aim of my PhD thesis has been the study of the mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials and the analysis of the behavior of polymers in the interphase region under deformation. Coarse-grained simulations have been performed for a model system of silica nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in atactic polystyrene (PS). In this case molecular details are important only in a small spatial region of the interphase. The rest of the polymer has bulk-like behavior which can be described by continuum mechanics. Therefore, it is convenient to simulate the region of interest by molecular dynamics (MD) and to treat the rest of the nanocomposite by continuum mechanics methods. To fulfill this we developed a new hybrid molecular – continuum simulation method for polymers. In our model the center of the simulation box is treated by MD. This region is surrounded by a continuum domain which is described by a finite element approach. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first attempt to use simultaneously MD and FE methods in simulations of polymers. It has been the main motivation of this work to develop a new hybrid scheme for polymers. Coupling a MD to a FE method requires a lot of modifications in both the MD and FE domains. The introduction of my thesis contains a short review on the existing hybrid schemes and modifications needed to couple the two domains. Difficulties to couple them such as transferring the information between two domains and equilibrating the continuum domain are explained. Different methods and techniques to overcome these difficulties as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method are described briefly. These methods, however, are limited to liquid and crystalline solid materials. They have to be modified to be capable of simulating polymers. In the present PhD thesis we have explained the technical difficulties to couple a MD to a FE model for polymers in the MD domain and how we tackled these problems. Modifications in the FE domain have been done by researchers in the Applied Mechanics Department of the University of Erlangen. The current work has involved a strong collaboration with them to integrate a modified MD domain into a FE domain. In the second chapter of the thesis, the mechanical properties of a pure polystyrene matrix as well as a polystyrene matrix filled with bare silica nanoparticles are investigated by MD simulations at the coarse-grained level. The stress-strain curve of polystyrene has been computed for a range of temperatures below and above the glass transition. The Young’s modulus of polystyrene obtained from the stress-strain curve has been compared to experimental and atomistic simulation data. By studying the local segmental orientation and the local structure of the polymer near the nanoparticle surface under deformation, we have found that the segments close to the silica nanoparticle surface are stiffer than those in the bulk. The thickness of the interphase has been estimated. We have shown that the Young’s modulus of the studied nanocomposite increases by increasing the volume fraction of the nanoparticle. The results of interphase studies under deformation as described in this section are important input parameters for the FE simulations in the present hybrid scheme; this will explained in chapter four. In hybrid simulations the usual periodic boundary conditions of MD cannot be used as the MD domain is surrounded by a FE domain. In hybrid schemes boundary conditions should allow an information transfer through the boundary region between two domains. Therefore, I developed new non-periodic boundary conditions, so-called stochastic boundary conditions (SBC), which are able to transfer information (forces and deformations) between the two domains and to minimize the artifacts in the dynamics. In the SBC ensemble we have defined a set of auxiliary particles, so-called anchor points, in the boundary region. The anchor points are harmonically coupled to the MD particles. They play an important role to transfer the information between the MD and FE domains. Particles in the boundary region are forced to mimic the bulk behavior by employing a stochastic dynamics in the boundary region. This minimizes the artificial influence of the anchor points and the vacuum on the polymers in the center of the box. The SBCs are explained in more detail in the third chapter. We have validated these boundary conditions by comparing the results of coarse-grained polystyrene melts under nonperiodic and regular periodic boundary conditions. Excellent agreement is found for thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic properties. The new hybrid molecular – continuum method for polymers is explained in more detail in chapter four. Due to the significant difference between the time steps in the two domains, we employed a staggered coupling procedure in which the continuum domain has been described as a static region while the MD domain has been treated dynamically. The Arlequin method has been used for the static coupling of the MD to the FE domain. The information transfer between them has been realized in a coupling region which contains the above mentioned anchor points. In this region two descriptions are valid, i.e., the particle and the continuum one. The total energy is blended by a weighting factor. Atactic PS and a PS silica nanocomposite have been simulated in a coarse-grained representation to validate the new hybrid scheme. The deviations between data from the hybrid method and pure FE simulations have been computed for quantities such as reaction forces and the Cauchy stress. The sources of the observed deviations are discussed in some detail. Finally, the fifth chapter summarizes the results obtained in this PhD work, and discusses possibilities to extend the current hybrid model to new problems such as larger deformations.

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Patel, Chandan. "Hybrid molecular simulations of oxidative complex lesions." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0835.

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L'ADN est en permanence exposé à un grand nombre d'événements dommageables déclenchées par des agents endogènes et exogènes. De nombreux travaux expérimentaux ont fourni des informations cruciales sur les propriétés structurelles et la réparation de certains des lésions de l'ADN. Cependant, il manque une vision mécanistique ou énergétique sur leur formation. La biochimie computationnelle a émergé comme un outil puissant pour comprendre les réactions biochimiques et les propriétés électroniques de systèmes complexes.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la formation de lésions complexes intra-brin et inter-brin. Ces lésions tandem constituent une puissant menace à l'intégrité du génome, en raison de leur haute fréquence mutagenique. Tout d'abord, nous discutons l'attaque d'une liaison covalente entre un radical pyrimidinique. En comparant avec les bases isolees, nos simulations hybrides Car-Parrinello demontrent que la reactivité de la thymine et de la cytosine radicalaires sont inversees dans l'environnement B-helical. De plus, nos resultats montrent egalement une deformation plus importante pour la lesion G[8-5]C.Nous rationalisons également la plus grande réactivité des cytosines par rapport aux purines vers la formation multi-etapes de lésions complexes inter-brins par condensation avec un site C4' abasique. Ces résultats bases sur des simulations avec solvatation explicite et combines a la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité sont en accord avec les données expérimentales
DNA is continuously exposed to a vast number of damaging events triggered by endogenous and exogenous agents. Numerous experimental studies have provided key information regarding structural properties of some of the DNA lesions and their repair. However, they lack in mechanistic or energetic information pertaining to their formation. Computational Biochemistry has emerged as a powerful tool to understand biochemical reactions and electronic properties of large systems.In this thesis we study the formation of inter- and intra-strand cross-links. These tandem lesions pose a potent threat to genome integrity, because of their high mutagenic frequency. First, we discuss the formation of complex defects which arise from the attack of a pyrimidine radical onto guanine. In comparison with the reactivity of isolated nucleobases, our hybrid Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics simulations reveal that the reactivity of hydrogen-abstracted thymine and cytosine is reversed within a B-helix environment. Further, our data also suggest a more severe distortion of the B-helix for G[8-5]C.Second, we rationalize the higher reactivity of cytosine vs. purines toward the multistep formation of inter-strand crosslinks with a C4' oxidized a basic site, which is in qualitative agreement with experiments on isolated nucleobases, using explicit solvent simulations combined to density functional theory

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Hall, Katherine Frances. "Hybrid computational methods for modelling molecular excited states." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501445.

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Tsavalas, John George. "A molecular level investigation of hybrid miniemulsion polymerization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11153.

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Borg, Matthew Karl. "Hybrid molecular-continuum modelling of nano-scale flows." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14367.

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Aslan, Gürel Evren. "Hybrid nanostructured materials : from molecular assemblies to photovoltaic devices /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000274977.

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Books on the topic "Molecular hybrid"

1

Tchougréeff, Andrei L. Hybrid methods of molecular modeling. [Dordrecht]: Springer, 2008.

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Tchougréeff, Andrei L. Hybrid Methods of Molecular Modeling. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8189-7.

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Squirrell, Jane. Molecular genetic studies of species, cultivars, and somantic hybrids of rose. London: University of East London, 1998.

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Tchougréeff, Andrei L. Hybrid Methods of Molecular Modeling. Springer, 2010.

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Moore, John W., and Conrad L. Stanitski. Chemistry: The Molecular Science, Hybrid Edition. Cengage Learning, 2014.

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Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The mastered electron: molecular electronics and spintronics, molecular machines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0005.

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After a historical account of the evolution which led to the concept of Molecular Electronics, the “Hybrid Molecular Electronics” approach (that is, molecules connected to nanosized metallic electrodes) is discussed. The different types of transport (one-step, two-step with different forms of tunnelling) are described, including the case where the molecule is paramagnetic (Kondo resonance). Several molecular achievements are presented: wires, diodes, memory cells, field-effect transistors, switches, using molecules, but also carbon nanotubes. A spin-off result is the possibility of imaging Molecular Orbitals. The emerging field of molecular spintronics is presented. Besides hybrid devices, examples are given of electronic functionalities using ensembles of molecules, either in solution (logical functions) or in the solid state (memory elements). The relation with the domain of Quantum Computing is presented, including the particular domain of Quantum Hamiltonian Computing. The chapter finishes by an introduction to molecular machines, with the problem of the directional control of their motion.

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Nakamura, Haruki, Gerard Kleywegt, Stephen K. Burley, and John L. Markley. Integrative Structural Biology with Hybrid Methods. Springer, 2019.

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Thorat, Nanasaheb D., and Raghvendra Ashok Bohara. Hybrid Nanostructures for Cancer Theranostics. Elsevier, 2018.

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Thorat, Nanasaheb D., and Raghvendra Ashok Bohara. Hybrid Nanostructures for Cancer Theranostics. Elsevier, 2018.

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Two-Hybrid Systems: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology). Humana Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Molecular hybrid"

1

Kushvaha, Saroj Kumar, and Kartik Chandra Mondal. "Molecular Hybrid Phosphors." In Hybrid Phosphor Materials, 73–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90506-4_3.

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Livneh, O., and E. Vardi. "Molecular Genetic Markers." In Hybrid Cultivar Development, 201–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07822-8_8.

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Kaul, M. L. H. "Male Sterility: Molecular Characterization." In Hybrid Cultivar Development, 46–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07822-8_3.

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Pratama, Satrya Fajri, Azah Kamilah Muda, Yun-Huoy Choo, and Ajith Abraham. "Preparation of ATS Drugs 3D Molecular Structure for 3D Moment Invariants-Based Molecular Descriptors." In Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 252–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76351-4_26.

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Tong, Elizabeth, and Ghiam Yamin. "Introduction to Molecular Neuroimaging Applications." In Hybrid PET/MR Neuroimaging, 45–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82367-2_6.

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McClain, William Martin. "Hybrid orbitals." In Symmetry Theory in Molecular Physics with Mathematica, 521–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b13137_41.

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Becker, Juliane, Sarah M. Schwarzenböck, and Bernd J. Krause. "FDG PET Hybrid Imaging." In Molecular Imaging in Oncology, 625–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_19.

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Maple, Jodi, and Simon G. Møller. "Yeast Two-Hybrid Screening." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 207–23. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-257-1_15.

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Shea, K. J., J. Moreau, D. A. Loy, R. J. P. Corriu, and B. Boury. "Bridged Polysilsesquioxanes. Molecular-Engineering Nanostructured Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials." In Functional Hybrid Materials, 50–85. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602372.ch3.

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ten Elshof, Johan E. "Hybrid Materials for Molecular Sieves." In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_94-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Molecular hybrid"

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Simic-Glavaski, B. "Molecular Electronic Devices Based On Electrooptical Behavior Of Heme-Like Molecules." In Optical and Hybrid Computing, edited by Harold H. Szu. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.964015.

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Carter, Forrest L. "Molecular Computing And The Chemical Elements Of Logic." In Optical and Hybrid Computing, edited by Harold H. Szu. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.964014.

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Palomares, Emilio. "Molecular Approaches to Energy Conversion." In International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. València: Fundació Scito, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2022.158.

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Llobet, Antoni. "Hybrid molecular photoanodes for water splitting." In 10th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. Valencia: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.191.

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Nelson, Jenny. "Luminescence and molecular modelling as tools to probe structure-property-performance relationships at molecular heterojunctions." In International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. València: Fundació Scito, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2022.191.

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Artero, Vincent. "Molecular-based H2-evolving photocathodes." In 10th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. Valencia: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.077.

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Stan, M. R., G. S. Rose, and M. M. Zielger. "Hybrid CMOS/Molecular Electronic Circuits." In 19th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 5th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design (VLSID'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsid.2006.99.

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Milichko, Valentin A., Kristina S. Frizyuk, Pavel A. Dmitriev, Dmitry A. Zuev, George P. Zograf, Sergey V. Makarov, and Pavel A. Belov. "Hybrid nanocavity for molecular sensing." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Antennas, Communications and Electronic Systems (COMCAS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comcas.2017.8244858.

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He, Chang. "Optimized molecular orientation and domain size enables efficient non-fullerene small-molecule organic solar cells." In 10th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. Valencia: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.024.

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Zhang, Rui, and Feng Gao. "Manipulating molecular organization in high-efficiency organic solar cells." In Organic, Hybrid, and Perovskite Photovoltaics XXIII, edited by Gang Li, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Ana Flávia Nogueira, Barry P. Rand, Ellen Moons, and Natalie Stingelin. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2625152.

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Reports on the topic "Molecular hybrid"

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George, Steven M. Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Films Grown Using Molecular Layer Deposition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada540366.

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Meza, J. C., and M. L. Martinez. A numerical study of hybrid optimization methods for the molecular conformation problems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10175387.

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Samarth, Nitin. Acquisition of Molecular Beam Epitaxy System for Fabrication of Hybrid Magnetic/Semiconductor Heterostructures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384761.

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Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, and Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.

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Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.

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Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.

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The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.

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Veilleux, Richard E., Jossi Hillel, A. Raymond Miller, and David Levy. Molecular Analysis by SSR of Genes Associated with Alkaloid Synthesis in a Segregating Monoploid Potato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570550.bard.

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More than 15,000 anthers of an interspecific hybrid (CP2) between two diploid (2n=2x=24) potato species, Solanum chacoense (weedy) and S. phureja (cultivated), were cultured to generate a family of monoploid (haploid, 2n-1x=12) plants. Of 260 regenerated plants, 34 were monoploid, 210 diploid and 16 tetraploid. SSR analysis revealed that six monoploids were genetically identical and 14 diploids were homozygous, thus limiting the population to 42 (28 monoploids and 14 homozygous diploids). New microsatellite loci were developed for potato from database sequences (15), a conventional genomic library (6), an enriched library (18) and tomato (11). Of these, 13 were polymorphic in the CP2 family and 11 were used to study genetic segregatin. Four of 11 exhibited skewed segregation in the monoploid family. Seven of 18 microsatellite markers were polymorphic and informative on a set of 12 tetraploid potato cultivars. Acetylleptinidine (ALD) is the aglycone of leptines, a natural defense against insects, especially the highly destructuve Colorado potato beetle. ALD is absend in S. phureja but highly expressed in the S. chacoense parent of CP2. A backcross population between CP2 and tis S. phureja parent was used to examine segregation for ALD. Bulks of 10 backcross individuals that expressed ALD and 10 that did not were used to identify putative RAPD markers associatd with the trait. Of 80 primers tested, one putative marker amplified by OPQ02 was present in eight of ten individuals comprising the high bulk and absent in all 10 individuals comprising the low bulk. This is a putative marker for ALD expression in potato.

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Avni, Adi, and Kirankumar S. Mysore. Functional Genomics Approach to Identify Signaling Components Involved in Defense Responses Induced by the Ethylene Inducing Xyalanase Elicitor. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7697100.bard.

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Plant-microbe interactions involve a large number of global regulatory systems, which are essential for plants to protect themselves against pathogen attack. An ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX) of Trichoderma viride is a potent elicitor of plant defense responses, like hypersensitive response (HR), in specific cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The central goal of this proposal was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that allow plants to specifically activate defense responses after EIX treatment. We proposed to identify cellular signaling components involved in the induction of HR by the EIX elicitor. The molecular genetic analysis of the signal transduction pathway that modulates hypersensitive responses is an important step in understanding the induction of plant defense responses. The genes that mediate LeEIX2-EIX dependent activation of resistance mechanisms remain to be identified. We used two approaches to identify the cellular signaling components that induce HR mediated by the EIX elicitor. In the first approach, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using LeEix2 as bait to identify plant proteins that interact with it. In the second approach, we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for a high-throughput screen to identify genes that are required for the induction of LeEIX2-EIX mediated HR. VIGS will also be used for functional characterization of genes that will be identified during the yeast two-hybrid screen. This investigation will shed light on cellular processes and signaling components involved in induction of general plant defense against pathogens and will provide the basis for future biotechnological approaches to improve plant resistance to pathogens. Several genes were indentified by the two approaches. We used the VIGS and yeast two hybrid approaches to confirm that activity of the genes initially identified by different procedure. Two genes inhibit the induction of HR by the fungal elicitor in the different systems; Tobacco-Harpin binding protein 1 and cyclopropyl isomerase.

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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.

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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.

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Eyal, Yoram, and Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.

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During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.

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Blum, Abraham, Henry T. Nguyen, and N. Y. Klueva. The Genetics of Heat Shock Proteins in Wheat in Relation to Heat Tolerance and Yield. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568105.bard.

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Fifty six diverse spring wheat cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and heritability for thermotolerance in terms of cell-membrane stability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The most divergent cultivars for thermotolerance (Danbata-tolerant and Nacozari-susceptible) were crossed to develop an F8 random onbred line (RIL) population. This population was evaluated for co-segragation in CMS, yield under heat stress and HSP accumulation. Further studies of thermotolerance in relations to HSP and the expression of heterosis for growth under heat stress were performed with F1 hybrids of wheat and their parental cultivars. CMS in 95 RILs ranged from 76.5% to 22.4% with 71.5% and 31.3% in Danbata and Nacozari, respectively. The population segregated with a normal distribution across the full range of the parental values. Yield and biomass under non-stress conditions during the normal winter season at Bet Dagan dit not differ between the two parental cultivar, but the range of segregation for these traits in 138 RILs was very high and distinctly transgressive with a CV of 35.3% and 42.4% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. Mean biomass and yield of the population was reduced about twofold when grown under the hot summer conditions (irrigated) at Bet Dagan. Segregation for biomass and yield was decreased relative to the normal winter conditions with CV of 20.2% and 23.3% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. However, contrary to non-stress conditions, the parental cultivars differed about twofold in biomass and yield under heat stress and the population segregated with normal distribution across the full range of this difference. CMS was highly and positively correlated across 79 RILs with biomass (r=0.62**) and yield (r=0.58**) under heat stress. No such correlation was obtained under the normal winter conditions. All RILs expressed a set of HSPs under heat shock (37oC for 2 h). No variation was detected among RILs in high molecular weight HSP isoforms and they were similar to the patterns of the parental cultivars. There was a surprisingly low variability in low molecular weight HSP isoforms. Only one low molecular weight and Nacozari-specific HSP isoform (belonging to HSP 16.9 family) appeared to segregate among all RILs, but it was not quantitatively correlated with any parameter of plant production under heat stress or with CMS in this population. It is concluded that this Danbata/Nacozari F8 RIL population co-segregated well for thermotolerance and yield under heat stress and that CMS could predict the relative productivity of lines under chronic heat stress. Regretfully this population did not express meaningful variability for HSP accumulation under heat shock and therefore no role could be seen for HSP in the heat tolerance of this population. In the study of seven F1 hybrids and their parent cultivars it was found that heterosis (superiority of the F1 over the best parent) for CMs was generally lower than that for growth under heat stress. Hybrids varied in the rate of heterosis for growth at normal (15o/25o) and at high (25o/35o) temperatures. In certain hybrids heterosis for growth significantly increased at high temperature as compared with normal temperature, suggesting temperature-dependent heterosis. Generally, under normal temperature, only limited qualitative variation was detected in the patterns of protein synthesis in four wheat hybrids and their parents. However, a singular protein (C47/5.88) was specifically expressed only in the most heterotic hybrid at normal temperature but not in its parent cultivars. Parental cultivars were significantly different in the sets of synthesized HSP at 37o. No qualitative changes in the patterns of protein expression under heat stress were correlated with heterosis. However, a quantitative increase in certain low molecular weight HSP (mainly H14/5.5 and H14.5.6, belonging to the HSP16.9 family) was positively associated with greater heterosis for growth at high temperature. None of these proteins were correlated with CMS across hybrids. These results support the concept of temperature-dependent heterosis for growth and a possible role for HSP 16.9 family in this respect. Finally, when all experiments are viewed together, it is encouraging to find that genetic variation in wheat yield under chronic heat stress is associated with and well predicted by CMS as an assay of thermotolerance. On the other hand the results for HSP are elusive. While very low genetic variation was expressed for HSP in the RIL population, a unique low molecular weight HSP (of the HSP 16.9 family) could be associated with temperature dependant heterosis for growth.

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