Relevant bibliographies by topics / Molecular genetics – Technique

Academic literature on the topic 'Molecular genetics – Technique'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Molecular genetics – Technique"

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Roberts, Robert. "Impact for molecular biology in cardiology." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 261, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): L8—L14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1991.261.4.l8.

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The recent development and application of the techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology ignited an explosion in biomedical research, which has been embraced by medicine. However, cardiology as a subspecialty has been slower in adopting these techniques, in part because the heart is a nonproliferating organ and in part because it was not easily accessible until recently. The techniques of recombinant DNA were not possible until the 1970s. In that decade four major discoveries occurred that launched molecular biology into the 21st century. These seminal contributions were 1) the discovery and application of specific restriction endonucleases, 2) the discovery of reverse transcriptase, 3) the development of the cloning technique, and 4) the ability to rapidly sequence nucleic acids. The techniques of recombinant DNA offer several unique advantages over existing scientific disciplines, such as the abilities: 1) to perform in vivo structure-function analysis, 2) to genetically engineer drugs, 3) to perform diagnostic in situ hybridization, 4) to isolate genes responsible for hereditary disorders, and 5) to understand the genetic regulation of cardiac growth. These techniques are discussed in their application to cardiac disorders, including the development of new recombinant molecules for the treatment of coronary thrombosis and the potential to modulate the cardiac growth response to various forms of injury such as myocardial infarction and hypertension. cardiac growth; genetic engineering; molecular genetics; structure function analysis
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Roberts, Robert. "Impact for molecular biology in cardiology." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.4.8.

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The recent development and application of the techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology ignited an explosion in biomedical research, which has been embraced by medicine. However, cardiology as a subspecialty has been slower in adopting these techniques, in part because the heart is a nonproliferating organ and in part because it was not easily accessible until recently. The techniques of recombinant DNA were not possible until the 1970s. In that decade four major discoveries occurred that launched molecular biology into the 21st century. These seminal contributions were 1) the discovery and application of specific restriction endonucleases, 2) the discovery of reverse transcriptase, 3) the development of the cloning technique, and 4) the ability to rapidly sequence nucleic acids. The techniques of recombinant DNA offer several unique advantages over existing scientific disciplines, such as the abilities: 1) to perform in vivo structure-function analysis, 2) to genetically engineer drugs, 3) to perform diagnostic in situ hybridization, 4) to isolate genes responsible for hereditary disorders, and 5) to understand the genetic regulation of cardiac growth. These techniques are discussed in their application to cardiac disorders, including the development of new recombinant molecules for the treatment of coronary thrombosis and the potential to modulate the cardiac growth response to various forms of injury such as myocardial infarction and hypertension. cardiac growth; genetic engineering; molecular genetics; structure function analysis
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Lynch, M., and P. E. Jarrell. "A method for calibrating molecular clocks and its application to animal mitochondrial DNA." Genetics 135, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 1197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/135.4.1197.

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Abstract A generalized least-squares procedure is introduced for the calibration of molecular clocks and applied to the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of 13 animal species. The proposed technique accounts for both nonindependence and heteroscedasticity of molecular-distance data, problems that have not been taken into to account in such analyses in the past. When sequence-identity data are transformed to account for multiple substitutions/site, the molecular divergence scales linearly with time, but with substantially more variation in the substitution rate than expected under a Poisson model. Significant levels of divergence are predicted at zero divergence time for most loci, suggesting high levels of site-specific heterozygosity among mtDNA molecules establishing in sister taxa. For nearly all loci, the baseline heterozygosity is lower and the substitution rate is higher in mammals relative to other animals. There is considerable variation in the evolutionary rate among loci but no compelling evidence that the average rate of mtDNA evolution is elevated with respect to that of nuclear DNA. Using the observed patterns of interspecific divergence, empirical estimates are derived for the mean coalescence times of organelles colonizing sister taxa.
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STEFANINI, FEDERICO MATTIA, and ALESSANDRO CAMUSSI. "Information in molecular profile components evaluated by a Genetic Classifier System: a case study in Picea abies Karst." Genetical Research 70, no. 3 (December 1997): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667239700298x.

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Individual records from the coding of molecular polymorphism (molecular profiles) are particularly useful for the identification of clones or cultivars, in pedigree analysis, in the estimation of genetic distances and relatedness, and as a tool in genome mapping and population genetics. A parametric statistical analysis of molecular profile components can be infeasible because of the huge number of observed markers, the presence of missing values and the high number of parameters required to evaluate the importance of interactions among markers. Moreover, new powerful molecular techniques make possible the analysis of numerous markers at one time; therefore parametric statistical methods could result in troublesome models with more parameters than data. The field of computer-based techniques offers new strategies to cope with the complexity of molecular profiles. We suggest the use of a Genetic Classifier System to evaluate the importance of profile components. The procedure is based on a Genetic Algorithm approach, a numerical technique that simulates some features of the natural selection process to solve problems. A set of isozyme data from a Norway spruce population is analysed in order to assess their ability to predict the individual plant response to the presence of abiotic stresses. The results, obtained by three different computer simulations, show that this computer-based approach is particularly effective for ranking profile components according to their relevance. Genetic Classifier Systems could also be used as a preliminary step to reduce the complexity of molecular data sets.
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Gavrilov, Alexey A., Helena V. Chetverina, Elina S. Chermnykh, Sergey V. Razin, and Alexander B. Chetverin. "Quantitative analysis of genomic element interactions by molecular colony technique." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 5 (December 24, 2013): e36-e36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1322.

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Abstract Distant genomic elements were found to interact within the folded eukaryotic genome. However, the used experimental approach (chromosome conformation capture, 3C) enables neither determination of the percentage of cells in which the interactions occur nor demonstration of simultaneous interaction of >2 genomic elements. Each of the above can be done using in-gel replication of interacting DNA segments, the technique reported here. Chromatin fragments released from formaldehyde–cross-linked cells by sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction and sonication are distributed in a polyacrylamide gel layer followed by amplification of selected test regions directly in the gel by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The fragments that have been cross-linked and separate fragments give rise to multi- and monocomponent molecular colonies, respectively, which can be distinguished and counted. Using in-gel replication of interacting DNA segments, we demonstrate that in the material from mouse erythroid cells, the majority of fragments containing the promoters of active β-globin genes and their remote enhancers do not form complexes stable enough to survive sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction and sonication. This indicates that either these elements do not interact directly in the majority of cells at a given time moment, or the formed DNA–protein complex cannot be stabilized by formaldehyde cross-linking.
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Ogata, Hiroyuki, Yutaka Akiyama, and Minoru Kanehisa. "A genetic algorithm based molecular modeling technique for RNA stem-loop structures." Nucleic Acids Research 23, no. 3 (1995): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.3.419.

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Schön, Isa, and Koen Martens. "Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Ostracodes – A Molecular Approach." Paleontological Society Papers 9 (November 2003): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002151.

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Molecular work on ostracodes has thus far either used allozyme-based or DNA-based techniques. The application of allozyme-based methods has provided numerous data on population genetics and reproductive modes in ostracodes. With this technique, it has also been possible to construct phylogenies, although these have been restricted to distance-based methods. With the usage of DNA-based methods, a new era in ostracode research has begun. It is now possible to obtain accurate estimates for genetic diversities at very fine scales, even within individuals. The DNA-based approach is also very useful for reconstructing evolutionary histories at different taxonomic levels. Within species, for example, phylogenies reveal past episodes of dispersal and genetic exchange. Together with morphological data, DNA sequence data can test for congruence of molecular and morphological evolution and variability. At high taxonomic levels, DNA sequence data provide information on mechanisms of evolution and speciation. This allows for testing whether a certain, morphological feature has evolved once or several times independently. By applying the principle of the molecular clock, DNA sequence data provide relative age estimates that can be calibrated against fossil data and be linked to past climatic or geological events.
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Fukatsu, Takema. "Acetone preservation: a practical technique for molecular analysis." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 11 (November 1999): 1935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00795.x.

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Bale, Sherri J. "When Genetics Gets under Your Skin." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 1, no. 2 (October 1996): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549600100208.

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Background: Only recently has the advent of the use of modern statistical and molecular genetic techniques begun to increase our understanding of the study of dermatology and skin biology. Objective: This paper will briefly outline several statistical techniques that are used in genetic studies of skin disease by reviewing these techniques, the types of questions that can be answered using them, and issues that should be considered in evaluating and interpreting papers that use them. Methods: A discussion of association studies, segregation analyses, and linkage analyses with respect to skin diseases is presented. Results: Association studies can be used to identify both genetic and environmental risk factors for disease. Segregation analyses are used to identify the underlying mechanism for disease aggregation in families. Linkage analysis is used to map disease genes to chromosomes. Conclusion: Dermatologists should be familiar with the types of genetic questions that can be answered with each technique, and should remain aware of the limitations in interpretation.
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Gui, Yijie, Guanghao Yan, Shiping Bo, Zhijun Tong, Yu Wang, Bingguang Xiao, Xiuping Lu, Yongping Li, Weiren Wu, and Longjiang Fan. "iSNAP: a small RNA-based molecular marker technique." Plant Breeding 130, no. 5 (June 2, 2011): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01872.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molecular genetics – Technique"

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Meyer, Quinton Christian. "Metagenomic approaches to gene discovery." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7031_1182747173.

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The classical approach to gene discovery has been to culture micro-organisms demonstrating a specific enzyme activity and then to recover the gene of interest through shotgun cloning. The realization that these standard microbiological methods provide limited access to the true microbial biodiversity and therefore the available microbial genetic diversity (collectively termed the Metagenome) has resulted in the development of environmental nucleic acid extraction technologies designed to access this wealth of genetic information, thereby avoiding the limitations of culture dependent genetic exploitation. In this work several gene discovery technologies was employed in an attempt to recover novel bacterial laccase genes (EC 1.10.3.2), a group of enzymes in which considerable biotechnological interest has been expressed. Metagenomic DNA extracted from two organic rich environmental samples was used as the source material for the construction of two genomic DNA libraries. The small insert plasmid based library derived from compost DNA consisted of approximately 106 clones at an average insert size of 2.7Kbp, equivalent to 2.6 Gbp of cloned environmental DNA. A Fosmid based large insert library derived from grape waste DNA consisted of approximately 44000 cfu at an average insert size of 25Kbp (1.1 Gbp cloned DNA). Both libraries were screened for laccase activity but failed to produce novel laccase genes. As an alternative approach, a multicopper oxidase specific PCR detection assay was developed using a laccase positive Streptomyces strain as a model organism. The newly designed primers were used to detect the presence of bacterial multicopper oxidases in environmental samples. This resulted in the identification of nine novel gene fragments showing identity ranging from 37 to 94% to published putative bacterial multicopper oxidase gene sequences. Three clones pMCO6, pMCO8 and pMCO9 were significantly smaller than those typically reported for bacterial laccases and were assigned to a recently described clade of Streptomyces bacterial multicopper oxidases.


Two PCR based techniques were employed to attempt the recovery of flanking regions for two of these genes (pMCO7 and pMCO8). The use of TAIL-PCR resulted in the recovery of 90% of the pMCO7 ORF. As an alternative approach the Vectorette&trade
system was employed to recover the 3&rsquo
downstream region of pMCO8. The complexity of the DNA sample proved to be a considerable technical challenge for the implementation of both these techniques. The feasibility of both these approaches were however demonstrated in principle. Finally, in an attempt to expedite the recovery of fulllength copies of these genes a subtractive hybridization magnetic bead capture technique was adapted and employed to recover a full &ndash
length putative multicopper oxidase gene from a Streptomyces strain in a proof of concept experiment. The StrepA06pMCO gene fragment was used as a &lsquo
driver&rsquo
against fragmented Streptomyces genomic DNA (&lsquo
tester&rsquo
) and resulted in the recovery of a 1215 bp open reading frame. Unexpectedly, this ORF showed only 80% identity to the StrepA06pMCO gene sequence at nucleotide level, and 48% amino acid identity to a putative mco gene derived from a Norcardioides sp JS614.

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Reodica, Mayfebelle Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Transcriptional repression mechanisms of sporulation-specific genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32731.

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For organisms undergoing a developmental process it is ideal that specific genes are induced and repressed at the correct time and to the correct level in a coordinated manner. The process of meiosis and spore formation (collectively known as sporulation) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a convenient system to elucidate transcriptional mechanisms of gene repression and the contribution such repression mechanisms offer to cells capable of undergoing a developmental process. This thesis focuses on transcriptional repression of sporulation-specific genes during both vegetative/mitotic conditions and sporulation. The fitness contribution of transcriptional repressors that regulate sporulationspecific genes during vegetative growth were investigated considering the similarities between meiosis and mitosis such as DNA replication, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Well-characterised sporulation genes of different functions were expressed in vegetative cells and ectopic expression of these genes was found not to be lethal. It was ascertained through strain competition studies that ectopic expression of the genes IME1, SMK1, SPR3 and DIT1 during mitotic growth did not affect cellular fitness. The expression of NDT80 in vegetative cells, however, caused a marked reduction in fitness and cells were also further compromised in the absence of the Sum1p repressor that regulates NDT80 transcription. The role of NDT80 as a transcriptional activator of middle sporulation genes, rather than the over-expression of NDT80 as a protein, caused the reduction of cell viability. Transcriptional regulation of the middle sporulation-specific gene SPR3 by the meiosis-specific Set3p repressor complex was investigated using synchronous sporulation cultures of the W303a/?? strain commonly used for sporulation studies. In a mutant W303a/?? ??set3/??set3 strain, lacking a key component of the Set3p repression complex, the transcription of SPR3 was uncharacteristically expressed at higher levels and derepressed during late sporulation. This SPR3 expression was consistent for both SPR3 transcript and SPR3::lacZ reporter protein studies. This preliminary work will enable future studies, using SPR3 promoter deletions fused to a lacZ reporter, aimed at determining the region of the SPR3 promoter that the Set3p complex may interact with to transcriptionally repress the gene during sporulation.
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Monis, Paul T. "Molecular systematics of the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis : identification of cryptic species /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm744.pdf.

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Chang, Yea-wen, and 張雅雯. "Application of molecular genetic techniques to the study of major histocompatibility complex class II allelic associations with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213960.

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Hedmark, Eva. "Conservation Genetics of Scandinavian Wolverines." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6636.

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Dooley, John J. "Molecular techniques for rhizobium identification." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338595.

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Dear, Paul H. "Techniques for manipulating large DNA." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236286.

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Smith, Geoffrey W. "Molecular genetic techniques as an aid to cytogenetics." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301000.

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Jackson, Jennifer A. "The identification of varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium using molecular techniques." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342440.

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Hu, Liang, and 胡亮. "Application of molecular cytogenetics techniques in cancer research." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3014890X.

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Books on the topic "Molecular genetics – Technique"

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Investigations in yeast functional genomics and molecular biology. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2014.

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Sarma, Radha Jonnalagedda. Genetic diagnoses. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Griffiths, Anthony J. F. Introduction to genetic analysis. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co., 2012.

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Acquaah, George. Practical protein electrophoresis for genetic research. Portland, Or: Dioscorides Press, 1992.

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D, Johnson David Ph, and Rubenstein David, eds. Molecular medicine. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1995.

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Crusio, Wim E., and Robert T. Gerlai, eds. Handbook of Molecular-Genetic Techniques for Brain and Behavior Research. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 1999.

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Majoros, William H. Methods for computational gene prediction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Methods for computational gene prediction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Bradley, John. Lecture notes on molecular medicine. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1995.

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Jain, S. Mohan. Molecular Techniques in Crop Improvement: 2nd Edition. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Molecular genetics – Technique"

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Matsuda, Y., H. Toyoda, and S. Ouchi. "Application of Microinjection Technique for the Analysis of Gene Expression during Host—Parasite Interaction." In Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 2, 561–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0651-3_62.

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Norman, Mark W., Leon G. D’Cruz, Niall Mahon, and William J. McKenna. "Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics." In Advances in Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Monitoring Techniques, 3–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4090-4_1.

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Serre, Jean-Louis. "Molecular Genetics and Populations." In Diagnostic Techniques in Genetics, 237–52. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470033363.ch7.

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Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique. "Molecular Diagnosis in Oncology." In Diagnostic Techniques in Genetics, 139–61. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470033363.ch3.

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Quilloy, Fergie Ann, Benedick Labaco, Carlos Casal, and Shalabh Dixit. "Crop Establishment in Direct-Seeded Rice: Traits, Physiology, and Genetics." In Rice Improvement, 171–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_6.

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AbstractThe changing climate and water availability strongly affect the current state of agricultural production. While the global temperature rises, the occurrence of extreme climatic conditions becomes erratic. This current scenario has driven the development of rice varieties and cultivation practices that require less water and favor mechanization. Although puddled transplanted rice has been more widely used in the past, direct seeding has been gaining popularity in recent years, especially due to its water- and labor-saving features. This technique allows full crop establishment from seeds that were directly sown in the field, thus avoiding puddling, transplanting, and maintaining standing water. Consequently, it offers promising positive environmental effects including decreasing the release of greenhouse gases and increasing water-use efficiency. Historically, rice varieties bred for transplanting are also used in direct seeding, which limits the maximum yield potential of field trials. The success of direct seeding relies strongly on the development of rice varieties with robust crop establishment. Anaerobic germination, seed longevity, and early seedling vigor are the key traits required to achieve this. This chapter expounds on the physiology, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and relevance of the enumerated traits for direct seeding. A brief discussion of breeding for rice varieties with improved germination under direct seeding is also provided.
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Khush, Gurdev S. "Molecular Genetics — Plant Breeder’s Perspective." In Molecular Techniques in Crop Improvement, 1–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2356-5_1.

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Mornet, Étienne, and Brigitte Simon-Bouy. "Applications of Molecular Biology to Cytogenetics." In Diagnostic Techniques in Genetics, 163–78. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470033363.ch4.

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Silva, E. P., and C. A. M. Russo. "Techniques and statistical data analysis in molecular population genetics." In Marine Genetics, 119–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2184-4_13.

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Badu-Apraku, Baffour, M. A. B. Fakorede, A. O. Talabi, E. Obeng-Bio, S. G. N. Tchala, and S. A. Oyekale. "Quantitative genetics, molecular techniques and agronomic performance of provitamin a maize in sub-Saharan Africa." In Quantitative genetics, genomics and plant breeding, 276–324. 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240214.0276.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on quantitative genetics, screening of germplasm collection at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, genetic diversity, genetic variation of provitamin A content in maize. Inheritance, heritability, genotype-by-environment for carotenoid content, population improvement, development of open-pollinated varieties were also discussed. Agronomic performance, stress tolerance, combining ability, heterosis were also conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. It may be concluded that maize in sub-Saharan Africa can be effectively subjected to genetic enhancement of provitamin A, along with other mineral components of the kernel and the plant traits for sustainable, high-quality food sufficiency to drastically reduce hunger and malnutrition.
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Craig, A., F. Michiels, G. Zehetner, B. Sproat, M. Burmeister, M. Bućan, A. Poustka, T. Pohl, A. M. Frischauf, and H. Lehrach. "Molecular Techniques in Mammalian Genetics: A New Era in Genetic Analysis." In Human Genetics, 126–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71635-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Molecular genetics – Technique"

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Savenko, E. G., Zh M. Mukhina, and V. A. Glazyrina. "Use of experimental biotechnology for accelerated development of breeding material." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-93.

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The combination of such biotechnological techniques as experimental haploidy and molecular marking allows developing breeding material with simultaneous DNA analysis of its genetic homogeneity (obtaining microsatellite profiles). According to the results of SSR genotyping, DNA passports were obtained for androgenic cultivars ‘Sonnet’ and ‘Sonata’.
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Fatehiboroujeni, Soheil, Sachin Goyal, and Apostol Gramada. "A Method for Identification of the Constitutive Law of Biological Filaments From Their Dynamic Equilibria." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46776.

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There are several biological filaments that play vital role in cellular processes via twisting and bending deformations. From the double-stranded DNA molecule containing genetic information to the cytoskeletal fibers that provide shape to the cell, biological filaments undergo conformational changes as they perform their biological tasks. Therefore the ability of a filament to deform, which depends on their atomistic structure, is a characteristic property that governs its biological functions. Since there is no direct analytic method to derive the deformability or constitutive law of such filaments from their atomistic structure, the constitutive law has to be identified from their actual deformations. An inverse approach based on a continuum rod model was developed recently that uses deformations in static equilibrium to estimate the constitutive law in bending and torsion. We extend the inverse method to use dynamic states of deformations, and consequently expand its scope to leverage a wide variety of choices in molecular dynamics simulations for identifying the constitutive law. This paper presents and validates the technique applying it to filaments with artificial atomistic structure.
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Zagorskaya, M. S. "Some aspects of the genomic DNA isolation from lavender plants of different origin." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-90.

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The method of DNA extraction from lavender plants has some difficulties. Moreover, molecular genetic studies often use not only fresh materials but also microplants from an in vitro culture or frozen material. For all these types of samples, the DNA isolation technique was developed, which is based on the CTAB buffer, but without the use of liquid nitrogen, mercaptoethanol and sodium acetate, which, in turn, simplifies and reduces the cost of the method.
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Zhou, H., K. Ma, G. Jia, J. Zoval, and M. Madou. "Micro Contact Printing of DNA Molecules." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46060.

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The development of DNA sensors has attracted substantial research efforts. Such devices could be used for the rapid identification of pathogens in humans, animals, and plant; in the detection of specific genes in animal and plant breeding; and in the diagnosis of human genetic disorders. The first step to fabricate the DNA sensors is the probe immobilization on the suitable substrate. Traditionally, the DNA probes are spotted on the substrate while the technique hardly controlled the small pattern and surface density of DNA probes. The main challenge here is to achieve probe layer uniformity and the nature of the probe layer itself in few micron and sub-micron feature range.
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Liang, Yun, Keith M. Stantz, Ganapathy Krishnamurthi, Laigao Chen, and Gary D. Hutchins. "Investigation of Contrast-Enhanced In-Vivo Animal Imaging With Micro-CT." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33053.

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Rapid progress in molecular biology, much sparked by the human Genome Project, is opening a new era in medicine and biology. The development of in-vivo micro-imaging technology for small animals (mice and rats) has generated unprecedented opportunities for studying the structural and physiologic properties exhibited by different genes in a cost-effective and low-risk means. This knowledge, in turn, will help guide the study in human genetic system. Micro-computed tomograph (microCT) with resolution on the scale of micrometer is a new technique for obtaining the 3D images of the internal structure of small objects [1,2]. Its biological and medical applications include noninvasively screening animals for genetic mutations and identification as well as monitoring of structural and physiology properties that are linked with specific genes. This paper reports on our preliminary investigation on two aspects of this new imaging technique: (1) an initial experience of instrumentation capability and limitation, and (2) the contrast enhancement strategy necessary for organ-specific anatomic and physiologic studies.
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Sessions, John W., Brad W. Hanks, Tyler E. Lewis, Brian D. Jensen, Dallin L. Lindstrom, and Sandra H. Burnett. "Saline Solution Effects on Propidium Iodide Uptake in Nanoinjected HeLa Cells." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35431.

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Being able to deliver molecular loads to the intracellular space of mammalian cells is a key initial step of genetic engineering. In the following work, experimentation with nanoinjection, a non-viral molecular load delivery technique, was examined in regards to transmembrane delivery of propidium iodide (PI), a dye that cannot penetrate the cell membrane and fluoresces when bound to genetic material. Investigation includes two environmental factors: peak pulse amplitude (1.5 to 3, 5, 7, or 9 V) and saline type (HBSS, PBS with potassium, and PBS without potassium). Results indicate that PBS with potassium has significantly higher PI uptake efficiency than the other two saline solutions for pulsed voltages of 3V, 5V, and 7V (with the peak value being 3.352 times greater than the positive control). Also, cell viability analysis indicates that there is a measureable reduction in cell viability for voltage protocol samples in comparison to non-voltage protocol samples. Cell viabilities range from 74.5% to 89.4% for voltage protocol samples. Findings suggest that a possible combination of physical/electrical variables work in concert with biological mechanisms to contribute to overall cell survival and PI uptake efficiency in nanoinjection.
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Chen, Hsiu-hung Simon, Zhiquan Shu, Lei Cheng, and Dayong Gao. "Development of a Microfluidic Injection and Perfusion Device for Single Cell Study." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13317.

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The cell membrane, composed primarily of proteins and lipids, is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer in the scale of 10 nm or so. Molecules permeating through cell membranes play critical roles in the applications of drug delivery, cell therapy, and cryopreservation. Cryopreservation and banking of cells, such as umbilical cord bloods, female eggs, etc., are critical to facilitate practical and effective in vitro fertilization (IVF). The determination of molecule transport properties of cells, such as water and cryoprotectants (CPAs), is indispensable for developing optimal conditions for cryopreserving them. On the other hand, injection of material of interests, such as sperms and DNA segments, to female eggs or blastocysts, so-called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique, are playing important roles on IVF and advanced gene knock-out. In this study, a novel micro-nano-fluidic system that allows perfusion and injection in nano-liter scale has been developed and fabricated by soft lithographic methods. A single cell in the microfluidic system is able to be trapped on site and then either be perfused by various solutions or injected with plain solutions or solutions with genetic materials. Our ongoing study will demonstrate that the micro-nano-fluidic system allows us to: 1) confine cells in a channel; 2) deliver drugs by perfusing the cell; 3) monitor osmotic behaviors of the cell by replacing its extracellular environment; and 4) perform ICSI with sperms or genetic materials.
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Zeringue, Henry C. "Microtechnologies for Neurobiology." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13341.

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Oscillatory activity in cortical networks is thought to provide the foundation for many high-level processes including working memory and attention. It has been shown that spatial information propagation delay and connectivity density can determine the innate properties of local network activity. The initial formation of neuronal networks in the central nervous system occurs due to the interaction of the genetic programming of the cells and the presentation of external molecular cues. The activity-driven refinement that occurs later, giving rise to the highly complex networks within the brain, are dependent on the initial anatomical formation and structural connectivity which occurs without external activity cues. We describe technologies used to (1) modulate the genetic programming of neurons and (2) precisely control temporal and spatial presentation of environmental cues in vitro. We are exploring the ability to define simple oscillatory networks using these experimental techniques.
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O’Neill, Brian E., Timothy P. Quinn, and King C. P. Li. "A Confined Compression Technique for Hydraulic Conductivity Measurement in Soft Tissues." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176166.

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Multiphasic tissue models have been used extensively to predict the behavior of cartilaginous tissues [1]. Their application to other soft tissues, however, has often been overlooked. Unlike the more commonly used continuum model of the viscoelastic solid [2], multiphasic models allow us to infer the behaviors and properties of tissue subcomponents by observing the behavior of the tissue whole. As a great deal of tissue function and structure is related to the control and transport of fluids and fluid-borne agents, there is clearly a need for this insight in all tissues. For example, there has been a great deal of interest recently in the possibility of modifying the flow properties of solid tumors and other tissues to allow the targeted delivery of large molecular weight drugs, such as chemotherapeutic or genetic agents [3–4]. It is well known that the high interstitial fluid pressures, confused vasculature, and lack of a lymphatic system prevent the effective distribution of directly injected or systemically administered drugs into tumors [3]. Increasing the effective permeability of these tumors can ameliorate these issues and allow for more effective treatment. A handful of studies have found that the biphasic model, along with some basic experimental tools, can reasonably represent the flow properties of tumors [4–5]. In this paper, we describe a technique using a simple confined compression experiment with the biphasic model to measure the hydraulic conductivity of samples of cardiac tissue.
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Yermolenko, Sergey B., Olexander P. Peresunko, and Bronislaw Grzegorzewski. "Complex polarimetric and spectral techniques in diagnostics of blood plasma of patients with ovarian cancer as a preliminary stage molecular genetic screening." In Correlation Optics 2017, edited by Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2303948.

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Reports on the topic "Molecular genetics – Technique"

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Fox, Jacob, and Hassan Fathallan-Shaykh. Molecular Genetics Techniques to Develop New Treatments for Brain Cancers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900310.

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Mastracci, Teresa L., and Irene L. Andrulis. Investigation of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ, Using Molecular Genetic Techniques, for the Involvement of Novel Genes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418032.

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Gorbunov, Maxim Y., and Paul G. Falkowski. Analysis of Biophysical, Optical and Genetic Diversity of DoD Coral Reef Communities Using Advanced Fluorescence and Molecular Biology Techniques (Addendum). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada551908.

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