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Academic literature on the topic 'Molars'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Molars"

1

Baik, Un-Bong, Yoon-Ah Kook, Mohamed Bayome, Je-Uk Park, and Jae Hyun Park. "Vertical eruption patterns of impacted mandibular third molars after the mesialization of second molars using miniscrews." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 4 (October 5, 2014): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/061415-399.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate (1) whether vertical eruption of impacted third molars improves after mesialization of second molars and (2) what factors affect the vertical eruption of impacted third molars when space caused by missing molars is successfully closed by mesialization of the second molar using miniscrews. Materials and Methods: The treatment group (Group 1) included 52 patients who had (1) missing mandibular first molars (ML-6) or missing deciduous mandibular second molars (ML-E), (2) initially impacted mandibular third molars, and (3) successful space closure of the edentulous area with orthodontics. Panoramic radiographs at start of treatment (T1) and at time of space closure (T2) were collected. The control group (Group 2) included 46 nonedentulous patients with impacted mandibular third molars without molar protraction treatment. Panoramic radiographs with similar T1/T2 treatment times were selected. Nine measurements were obtained regarding horizontal available space, vertical eruption, and third molar angulation. Results: Third molars erupted vertically an average of 2.54 mm in Group 1 compared with 0.41 mm in Group 2. Age, gender, Nolla stage, and angle of the third molars did not show significant correlations with the vertical change of the impacted third molars, whereas the depth of third molar impaction and available space showed significant correlations. Conclusions: Impacted mandibular third molars vertically erupt as a result of uprighting with mesialization of the second molar, and vertical eruption is affected by the initial vertical location of impacted third molars and available space.

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Baik, Un-Bong, Jae-Yul Jung, Hyung-Ju Jung, Yoon-Ji Kim, Hwa Sung Chae, Kwan-Soo Park, Nikhilesh R. Vaid, and Ravindra Nanda. "Alveolar bone changes after molar protraction in young adults with missing mandibular second premolars or first molars." Angle Orthodontist 92, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022321-147.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the changes in alveolar bone of the mandibular second molars following molar protraction and investigate the factors associated with the alveolar bone changes. Materials and Methods Cone-beam computed tomography of 29 patients (mean age 22.0 ± 4.2 years) who had missing mandibular premolars or first molars and underwent molar protraction were reviewed. Alveolar bone level was measured as the distance from the cementoenamel junction at six points, buccal, lingual, mesiobuccal (MB), mesiolingual (ML), distobuccal (DB), and distolingual (DL), of the second molars at pretreatment (T0) and after molar protraction (T1). Factors associated with alveolar bone changes at the distal and mesial of the second molars were assessed. Results Mean alveolar bone changes ranged from −1.2 mm (bone apposition) to 0.8 mm (bone resorption). The presence of a third molar impaction at T0 (P < .001), third molar angulation at T0 (P < .001), and Nolla's stage of third molar at T0 (P = .005) were significantly associated with alveolar bone level changes distal to the second molars. Treatment duration (P = .028) was significantly associated with alveolar bone level changes mesial to the second molar. Conclusions Patients with impacted third molars, third molars at an earlier stage of development, and mesially angulated third molars at pretreatment may have less alveolar bone resorption distal to the second molars following protraction. Patients with increased treatment time may have reduced alveolar bone resorption mesial to the second molars.

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3

Kaye, E., B. Heaton, E. A. Aljoghaiman, A. Singhal, W. Sohn, and R. I. Garcia. "Third-Molar Status and Risk of Loss of Adjacent Second Molars." Journal of Dental Research 100, no. 7 (February 4, 2021): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034521990653.

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The prophylactic removal of asymptomatic third molars is a common but controversial procedure often rationalized as necessary to prevent future disease on adjacent teeth. Our objective in this retrospective cohort study of adult men was to examine whether second-molar loss differed by baseline status of the adjacent third molar, taking into account the individual’s overall state of oral hygiene, caries, and periodontitis. We analyzed data from participants of the VA Dental Longitudinal Study who had at least 1 second molar present at baseline and 2 or more triennial dental examinations between 1969 and 2007. We classified second molars by third-molar status in the same quadrant: unerupted, erupted, or absent. Tooth loss and alveolar bone loss were confirmed radiographically. Caries and restorations, calculus, and probing depth were assessed on each tooth. We estimated the hazards of second-molar loss with proportional hazards regression models for correlated data, controlling for age, smoking, education, absence of the first molar, and whole-mouth indices of calculus, caries, and periodontitis. The analysis included 966 men and 3024 second molar/first molar pairs. Follow-up was 22 ± 11 y (median 24, range 3–38 y). At baseline, 163 third molars were unerupted, 990 were erupted, and 1871 were absent. The prevalence of periodontitis on the second molars did not differ by third-molar status. The prevalence of distal caries was highest on the second molars adjacent to the erupted third molars and lowest on the second molars adjacent to the unerupted third molars. Relative to the absent third molars, adjusted hazards of loss of second molars were not significantly increased for those adjacent to erupted (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79–1.16) or unerupted (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.91–1.73) third molars. We found similar results when using alveolar bone loss as the periodontitis indicator. Our findings suggest that retained third molars are not associated with an increased risk of second-molar loss in adult men.

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Butt, Hira, Maria Jabbar, Dur e. Shumyle, Zahra Moeen, Samra Liaqat, Fareeha Irum, and Nauman Rauf Khan. "Relationship of Oral Pathologies Associated with Second Molars to the Patterns of Adjacent Impacted Third Molar." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164554.

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Objective: To assess the relationship of oral pathologies associated with second molars to the patterns of adjacent impacted third molar. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 385 Orthopantomograms (OPG) of patients. The study was conducted in the Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Sharif Medical and Dental College (SMDC) and Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) over a period of three months from December 2020 to February 2021. The Pell and Gregory classification was used for depth of third molar impaction and ramus relationship of mandibular third molars. Winter`s classification was used for classifying the angle of impaction. Results: The association between presence of caries (p=≤0.001) and external resorption (p=≤0.001) in second mandibular molar with depth of impaction of adjacent an impacted third molar, ramus relationship of third molar with presence of external root resorption in second molar (p=≤0.001) and presence of caries (p=0.005), periapical radiolucencies (p=0.009) and external root resorption (p=≤0.001) in second molar with the angle of impacted third molar were significant. The association of presence of caries, pericoronal, periapical radiolucencies and external root resorption in the maxillary second molars with the depth and angle of adjacent impacted third molars was not significant. Conclusion: The carious lesions were the highest where the third molar had class A depth of impaction while the maximum external resorption was seen where the third molar had class C depth of impaction. Second mandibular molars adjacent to impacted third molars in class 2 ramus relationship had the most external root resorption. It was seen that second molars adjacent to the impacted third molars with mesioangular impactions had the highest percentage of caries and periapical radiolucencies while those adjacent to third molars with horizontal angle of impaction showed the maximum external root resorption. Keywords: Second molars, impacted third molars, pericoronal radiolucency, periapical radiolucency, external root resorption, caries

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Iqbal, Faiqa, Khadija Zia, Ramsha Sajid, Amna Nauman Khan, Sarah Rabbani, and Nauman Rauf Khan. "Effect of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar on Development of Distal Caries of Second Molars." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164529.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of caries on distal aspect of mandibular second molars due to impacted third molars. Methodology: Radiographs were obtained for the patients with clinical evidence of impacted 3rd molar. Dental records including number of impacted third molars, pathological conditions and complaints of caries, pericoronitis and recurrent pain were taken. Data of patients with visible distal caries to second molars in the absence of third molar was also recorded entered into specially formulated Performa. Results: A total of 151 participants shared their data for research purpose. According to Winter’s classification, 42.4% and 41.7% impactions were mesioangular and vertical 3rd molars respectively. According to Pell and Gregory classification more than half (55%) of the impacted 3rd molars were in Class I relationship to the ramus whereas 51% of impacted 3rd molars were at the depth of level A. Conclusion: Caries of second more is more common if the impacted third molar tooth is mesioangulated, having class I relationship with respect to ramus. Keywords: second molar, distal caries, impacted third molar

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Treifi, Amir, Jessica Cooper, and Julian Yates. "Third molars: not so NICE? risk factors for distal caries in mandibular second molars." Dental Update 50, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2023.50.2.135.

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UK guidelines currently advise against the prophylactic removal of mandibular third molars. However, growing evidence shows that asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars may contribute to the formation of distal caries in mandibular second molars. Patients should be made aware that these guidelines do not necessarily prevent the potential development of decay or loss of mandibular second molars. A retrospective review, over 6 months, analysed the incidence and evaluated the risk for developing caries on the distal aspect of mandibular second molars, in patients referred for assessment of impacted third molars. Distal caries in the mandibular second molar was present in 24.1% of cases. Of these patients, 9% demonstrated caries bilaterally. In those who developed distal caries in the mandibular second molar, 76% of adjacent third molars demonstrated mesio-angular impaction, 91% of third molars were partially erupted, and 95% of third molars were either touching or in close proximity to the ACJ of the second molar tooth. The prophylactic removal or coronectomy of mesio-angluar or horizontally impacted third molars that are partially erupted and closely related to the ACJ of mandibular second molars may result in improved long-term patient outcomes. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The prophylactic removal or coronectomy of certain third molars may result in improved long-term patient outcomes.

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Kwon, Woojin, Hyung-Jun Choi, Jaeho Lee, and Je Seon Song. "Analysis of Prevalence of Pyramidal Molars in Adolescent." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 47, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.4.389.

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A pyramidal molar is which has completely fused roots with a solitary enlarged canal. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pyramidal molars among adolescent.<br/>A total of 1,612 patients’ panoramic radiographs were screened. A total of 12,896 first and second molars were evaluated. The relative incidence and the correlations regarding the location of pyramidal molar (maxillary versus mandibular) and gender were analyzed using the chi-square test.<br/>The overall incidence of patients with pyramidal molars was 1.49%. 24 patients were found to have a pyramidal molar and it was more prevalent in women (18 women and 6 men). The prevalence of pyramidal molars from all first and second molars examined was 0.31%. 88 percent of pyramidal molars occurred in maxilla. All pyramidal molars were second molar.<br/>Pyramidal molar has a relatively poor periodontal prognosis compared with common multi-rooted teeth and it is important to understand the structural characteristics of root canal during pulp treatment. Clinicians should be able to understand the anatomical properties of pyramidal molar and apply it to treatment and prognostic evaluation.

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Baik, Un-Bong, Hong-Beom Choi, Yoon-Ji Kim, Dong-Yul Lee, Junji Sugawara, and Ravindra Nanda. "Change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into missing first molar or second premolar space." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 5 (February 2, 2019): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz001.

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Summary Objective To investigate the factors associated with the change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into the space of the missing first molar (L6) or second premolar (LE). Methods Fifty-one patients in whom space of the missing L6 or LE was treated with second molar protraction (13 males, 38 females, mean age 19.6 ± 4.7 years) from 2003 to 2015 were included. The alveolar bone level and position and angulation of the mandibular second and third molars were measured in panoramic radiographs at pre-treatment (T1), and after the alignment of the third molars following second molar protraction (T2). Factors associated with alveolar bone loss on the distal aspect of the mandibular second molars were assessed using linear regression analysis. Results Age at T1 (P < 0.001) and third molar angulation at T1 (P = 0.002) were significant factors for the prediction of alveolar bone level distal to the second molars. Limitation This study used two-dimensional panoramic radiographs, and we could observe only the interproximal bone level. Conclusions After second molar protraction into the missing first molar or second premolar space, mandibular second molars may exhibit alveolar bone resorption in the distal root in older patients and in those with mesially tilted third molars before treatment.

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Ren, Calvin Gan Chee, and B. Senthil Kumar. "Prevalence of Eruption of Third Molar Tooth among South Indians and Malaysians." Journal of Academy of Dental Education 1, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jade/2014/2427.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong>In prehistoric humans, when the jaw size permitted space for normal dental development and position in the arches, third molar may have been a vital survival tool. However, as human evolution has progressed, jaw size has been gradually decreasing (Lamarckian Evolution). Hence due to the decrease in size of the jaw bone, it’s been reported that approximately 65% of the human population has at least one impacted third molar, and third molars that do erupt are often malposed in the arches and are consequently difficult to clean and prone for infection.<p><strong>Aim and Objective:</strong> To study the prevalence of eruption of third molar tooth among South Indians and Malaysians by observing the presence of third molars among them and to analyze the percentage of impacted third molars and congenital absence of third molar teeth among the Indian and Malaysian population.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong>50 Malaysians and 50 Indians (25 males and 25 females in each population) aged between 17 to 25 years old were examined for the presence or absence of the third molars. To confirm the congenital absence of third molars, Orthopantomograms (OPG) were taken.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results and Conclusion:</strong> In South Indian Population, it was noted that only 48% of males and 64% of females have congenital absence of third molar, and 52% of males and 36% of females have erupted third molars. 16% of males had partly impacted third molar whereas in case of female it was 28%. Congenital absence of third molars among females was 16% more than in males. More males (36%) had impacted third molars than females (24%). It was also noted that majority of them have their maxillary third molars erupted first before their mandibular third molars. In Malaysian Population, it was noted that only 28% of males and 20% of females had congenital absence of third molars, and 72% of males and 80% of females had erupted third molars. 40% of males had partly impacted third molar whereas in case of female it was 52%. Congenital absence of third molars among males was 8% more than females. More males (32%) had impacted third molars than females (28%). It was also noted that in majority of them their mandibular third molars had erupted before their maxillary third molars. When compared among south Indians and Malaysian population congenital absence and impacted third molars are more common in south Indians, whereas partly impacted third molar is more common among Malaysians.</p>

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Genaro, Luis Eduardo, Gabriely Ferreira, Marcelo Brito Conte, Marcela de Almeida Gonçalves, and Ticiana Sidorenko Oliveira Capote. "Morphological Differences between the First and Second Permanent Upper Molars." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 04 (September 19, 2019): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695756.

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AbstractThe dental elements present similar and specific anatomical features, depending on the functions they have in the oral cavity. The permanent molars are the most complex structures, mainly the occlusal face, due to their function of food grinding. The aim of the present article is to present the upper first and second molars morphology, emphasizing the similarities and differences between them. Besides, the upper first and second molars of the collection of the Department of Morphology of Universidade Estadual de Paulista (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, were evaluated regarding the presence of the oblique ridge, frequency and classification of the molar tubercle, and the crown morphology (upper second molars). In the 372 evaluated upper first molars, the molar tubercle was absent in most of the teeth. When present, the molar tubercle belonged to the mesiolingual cusp; 8.9% were classified as type I; 9.1% as type II; and 9.4% as type III. The oblique ridge was present in all upper first molars. The morphology of 401 upper second molars was also evaluated; 64.83% were tetracuspid; 35.16% tricuspid; and 17.02% presented compression morphology. In 100 tricuspid teeth, 50% presented oblique ridge, with it being prominent in 30%. No upper second molars presented molar tubercle. Although there are similarities between the upper first and second molars, we must always be aware of the features that differ between them, so their functionality can be restored.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molars"

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Davey, Alan Lintern. "A transmission electron microscopic and autoradiographic study of Hertwig's root sheath initiation /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmd248.pdf.

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Morita, Wataru. "Morphological variability in human maxillary molars." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188520.

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Hoelscher, Benjamin Charles. "Passive eruption patterns in first molars." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/982.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the eruption patterns of maxillary and mandibular first molars from the first occlusal contacts to adulthood. Previous studies have failed to obtain measurements into adulthood or have not been longitudinal in design. By using a measurement during the subjects' adulthood, a better estimate of the changes that occur between the tooth and the gingival margin throughout growth and aging can be obtained. METHODS: The material for this research project was obtained from the Meredith Facial Growth Study from the University of Iowa Orthodontics Department. Records from a set of 64 subjects (35 males and 29 females) were used. Each of these patients had intraoral models taken throughout adolescence into adulthood. A final model was available for each subject in their twenties. Twenty-eight subjects had final records available in their forties (14 males and 14 females). Measurements were recorded for the maxillary first molars (Teeth 3 and 14), and the mandibular first molars (Teeth 19 and 30). Measurements were taken at eleven time points for all sixty-four subjects starting at year 8 and yearly until age 18 with a final measurement taken on a model from the patient's twenties. A subset of twenty-eight subjects contained measurements in their forties. Bitewing Radiographs were also used to measure changes in alveolar bone height at 12, 20, and 40. RESULTS AND CONCUSIONS: Alveolar bone heights and their changes over time measured from the CEJ indicate that the sample population had a stable periodontium. Crown heights at age 20 and 40 were significantly greater than age 11. At age 40, crown heights were significantly greater than age 20. Teeth continue to erupt into a patient's forties in the absence of bone loss and attrition.

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Flamini, Luís Eduardo Souza. "Estudo morfológico e análise da microdureza da dentina na área de furca de dentes molares inferiores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58133/tde-04122012-161754/.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a microdureza dentinária da região da furca de molares inferiores, assim como estudar, por meio da MEV, a morfologia da dentina nessa região. Utilizaram-se 10 espécimes, os quais tiveram a coroa seccionada transversalmente ao meio, sendo descartada a porção oclusal. As raízes mesial e distal foram cortadas próximas ao terço cervical, desprezando-se os terços médio e apical. O remanescente dental foi incluído em acrílico de rápida polimerização e cortado longitudinalmente ao meio, obtendo-se duas hemi-secções. Uma foi destinada ao estudo da morfologia, na qual observaram-se as características da dentina e o sentido dos canalículos dentinários. Na outra, realizou-se a análise da microdureza, por meio de aparelho de dureza Knoop, com carga de 10g por 15s. A área de furca foi estabelecida como sendo a região compreendida entre duas retas ortogonais traçadas a partir do ponto de máxima concavidade da superfície externa da bifurcação. A microdureza foi avaliada nas camadas de dentina superficial (próxima ao assoalho), média e interna (mais próxima à concavidade externa da furca), assim como nos três eixos, mesial (paralelo à reta traçada junto à mesial da furca), central (paralela à bissetriz entre as retas) e distal (paralela à reta traçada junto à distal). Realizaram-se cinco medidas para cada eixo, obtendo-se uma média por eixo. As mensurações foram submetidas à análise estatística (oneway ANOVA) ( α= 0,05). Os resultados mostraram não haver diferença significante (p>0,05) entre a dureza das porções mesial (46,5±6,4), central (47,3±8,1) e distal (49,7±6,5). Em relação às camadas, o teste de Tukey evidenciou diferença significante apenas entre as camadas interna (51,7±2,5) e externa (41,4±2,4) (p<0,05). As imagens da MEV mostraram que os canalículos dentinários assumem trajetória centrípeta em direção à porção interna. Os canalículos dentinários na camada externa apresentam-se amplos e com a luz bastante evidente. Na camada média os canalículos são mais atresiados, ao passo que na interna, a dentina assemelha-se à dentina esclerótica. Conclui-se que a microdureza dentinária na área de furca é uniforme nos 3 eixos. A camada interna é mais dura que a externa. A dentina da região de furca parece ser um tecido bastante mineralizado, tendendo a uma maior calcificação dos canalículos à medida que se aproxima da camada interna.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentin microhardness in furcation areas of mandibular molars and to study the dentin morphology in these regions by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crows of ten specimens were transversely sectioned and the occlusal portions were discarded. The mesial and distal roots were cut near to the cervical third ignoring the middle and apical thirds. The remaining teeth were included in rapid polymerization acrylic stubs and cut longitudinally resulting in two hemi-sections. One was designed to study the morphology in which was possible to observe characteristics of the dentin and dentinal tubules direction. The other one was used to perform analysis of the microhardness using a Knopp device with load of 10g/15s. The furcation areas were established as the regions between two orthogonal lines drawn from the point of maximum concavity of the outer surface of the bifurcation. Microhardness was measured in the superficial layers of dentin (next to the floor), middle and inner (closest to the concavity of the external furcation), as well as in the three axes: mesial (parallel to the straight line along the mesial furcation), central (parallel to the bisectrix between the lines) and distal (parallel to the line drawn along the distal). Five measurements were performed for each axis yielding an average in each one. The measurements were subjected to statistical analysis (one way - ANOVA) (α = 0.05). The results showed no significant difference (p> 0,05) between the microhardness of the mesial (46.5±6.4), central (47.3±8.1) and distal portions (49.7±6.5). In relation to the layers, the Tukey test showed significant differences only between the inner (51.7±2.5) and outer (41.4±2.4) layers (p <0.05). The SEM images showed that the dentinal tubules assumes centripetal trajectory toward the inner portion. These ones, in the outer layer, presents larger and more evident. In the middle layer are thinner and in the inner layer the dentin is similar to sclerotic dentin. In this study was possible to observe that the microhardness of dentin in the furcation areas is uniform across to the three axes. The inner layer is harder than the outer. The dentin of the furcation areas appears to be a very mineralized tissue having a bigger calcification as it approaches to the inner layer.

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Shimizu, Daisuke. "Functional Morphology of Molars of Folivorous Primates." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/86466.

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Abdolahi, Mina Eileen. "The relationship between the absence of third molars and the development and eruption of the adjacent second molar." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2429.

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The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether patients exhibiting third molar agenesis also exhibit delayed development and/or eruption of the adjacent second molar. The initial panoramic radiographs of 739 patients, 13-17 years of age, from the University of Iowa's Department of Orthodontics were examined. The developmental stage of each second molar according to Demirjian's 8-stage classification system, the eruption stage of each second molar, along with the presence or absence of each third molar were recorded, and Pearson chi-squared tests were used to determine differences in developmental and eruptive timing between those missing third molars and those with third molars present. We conclude that patients missing their maxillary third molars exhibit delayed development of the adjacent maxillary second molars. In addition, patients missing any of their four third molars exhibit delayed eruption of their adjacent second molars. The findings also suggest that mandibular second molars develop later than, but erupt earlier than, maxillary second molars.

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Spears, Iain. "Functional adaptations of hominoid molars : an engineering approach." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241490.

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Heywood, J. J. N. "Ruminant palaeodietary reconstruction using occlusal morphology of upper molars." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603990.

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The study takes an ecomorphological approach to the reconstruction of ruminant diets using the occlusal surface of upper molars. A multivariate approach was used to characterise ruminants of different diets using traits of the exposed enamel ridges and dentine basins. The study also employed a means of control for phylogenetic non-independence, performing the analyses at each taxonomic level from infraorder to tribe. This approach allowed an assessment of the levels of convergent evolution to the same diets within separate taxonomic units. At every level of analysis, bovids of different diets were more clearly distinguishable according to their occlusal morphology than cervids. Lower taxonomic levels generally also gave better classification results than higher ones. It is concluded that ecomorphological analyses may be influenced adversely if the ecological and phylogenetic history of the sample is not considered. Bovid browsers were generally characterised by thinner enamel ridges, especially thin buccal protocone ridges (R3), wide protocones and enamel alignment related to body size. Grazer enamel is thick, long and aligned more parallel to the chewing direction. Browse dominated and mixed feeders with equal levels of browse and grass clustered with browsers. Grass dominated mixed feeders approach the morphology of, but did not cluster amongst grazers. Interspecific morphology varied less in the Cervidae. This is correlated with lower ecological and taxonomic diversity, an absence from open and arid habitats, and low hypsodonty (crown height) compared with bovids. Links between these are considered in terms of historical biogeography and morphological constraint. The ‘cusp fusion hypothesis’ is put forward to explain the failure of cervids to exploit the increasingly arid habitats of the Neogene.

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Plogschties, Thorsten [Verfasser]. "Functional analysis of molars in “symmetrodontan” mammals / Thorsten Plogschties." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122168289X/34.

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Kim-Park, Melanie A. "Working Length Determination in Palatal Roots of Maxillary Molars." VCU Scholars Compass, 2002. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5127.

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The aim of this study was to determine if a buccal curvature in the palatal roots of maxillary molars affected the clinician’s ability to accurately determine working length. Twenty-seven extracted, human maxillary molars were sorted by palatal root curvatures as J- and C-type and the angle of curvature was determined. Straight-line access was made and a #20 file was placed into the canal until the tip was visible at the apical foramen then withdrawn. The file, tooth and calibration wire were radiographed on one image using the RVG. Actual (file) and radiographic (tooth) lengths were determined using the RVG ruler. Radiographic length appeared shorter on average than the actual length. Canal curvatures larger than 25 degrees had differences greater than 0.5mm. This represents a statistically significant difference between the actual and radiographic lengths as the degree of curvature increases. There was no significant difference between the J- and C- types.

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Books on the topic "Molars"

1

Dobbin, Kathleen. Preparing for third molar removal. [Bethesda, Md.?]: Clinical Center Communications, National Institutes of Health, 1989.

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Operative extraction of wisdom teeth. London: Wolfe Medical, 1985.

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Operative extraction of wisdom teeth. Littleton, Mass: PSG, 1985.

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National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Office of Clinical Center Communications, ed. Preparing for third molar removal. [Bethesda, Md.?]: Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 1993.

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Bhargava, Darpan. Transalveolar Extraction of the Mandibular Third Molars. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003324034.

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The impacted lower wisdom tooth. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press, 1985.

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NHS Centre for Reviews & Dissemination., ed. Prophylactic removal of impacted third molars: Is it justified?. York: NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, 1998.

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Jernvall, Jukka. Mammalian molar cusp patterns: Developmental mechanisms of diversity. Helsinki: Finnish Zoological and Botanical Pub. Board, 1995.

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Asanami, Sōichirō. Expert third molar extractions /Soichiro Asanami, Yasunori Kasazaki. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co., 1990.

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1938-, Mikkola Kauri, and Panelius Samuel, eds. Relations between arthropod faunas of Northern Europe, Siberia, and Central Asia. Helsinki: Finnish Zoological and Botanical Pub. Board, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Molars"

1

Mack, Gavin J. "First Permanent Molars." In Orthodontic Management of the Developing Dentition, 33–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54637-7_3.

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Elfrink, Marlies E. C., and Karin L. Weerheijm. "Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars." In Molar Incisor Hypomineralization, 71–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31601-3_7.

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Merino, Enrique M. "Endodontic Microsurgery for Molars." In The Guidebook to Molar Endodontics, 269–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52901-0_10.

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Soxman, Jane A. "Infraocclusion of mandibular primary molars." In Handbook of Clinical Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry, 127–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118998199.ch15.

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Ihde, Stefan. "Replacing Molars in Both Jaws." In Principles of BOI, 183–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26987-8_12.

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Varghese, George. "Management of Impacted Third Molars." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 299–328. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_14.

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AbstractThird molar impactions is one of the commonest minor oral surgical procedures in the realm of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Many basic principles of minor oral surgery have to be applied in a logical manner to attain a good healing. The assessment, clinical and radiographic evaluation plays an important role in selecting the right technique to ensure good results. This chapter aims to go through the basics of third molar impactions in a sequential way to guide the clinician to take the right decisions.

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Wadhwani, Puneet, Sapna Tandon, Darpan Bhargava, and Pramod Kumar Gandra. "Classification for impacted mandibular third molars." In Transalveolar Extraction of the Mandibular Third Molars, 23–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003324034-5.

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Soxman, Jane A. "Full coverage restoration for primary molars." In Handbook of Clinical Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry, 39–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118998199.ch5.

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Soxman, Jane A. "Vital pulp therapy for primary molars." In Handbook of Clinical Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry, 51–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118998199.ch6.

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Bjørndal, Lars. "Vital Pulp Therapy for Permanent Molars." In The Guidebook to Molar Endodontics, 93–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52901-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Molars"

1

Tambayong, Adeline, and Mandojo Rukmo. "Restorating Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars With Ceramic Onlays." In The 7th International Meeting and The 4th Joint Scientific Meeting in Dentistry. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007290900050008.

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MohdNapiah, N. A., M. A. Mohamad Idin, and N. Yusof. "Study on depth penetration of molars teeth using carbon dioxide laser." In 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Photonics (ICP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icp.2011.6106853.

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Qin, Wenlong, Ming Cong, Haiying Wen, Guifei Wang, and Xiang Ren. "Normal Stiffness Analysis of Antagonistic Molars with Crown Prosthesis in Chewing Robot." In 2017 IEEE 7th Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2017.8446100.

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Marinescu, Adrian George, Marius Boariu, Darian Rusu, Stefan-Ioan Stratul, and Alexandru Ogodescu. "Reliability of CBCT as an assessment tool for mandibular molars furcation defects." In Fifth International Conference on Lasers in Medicine, edited by Carmen Todea, Adrian G. Podoleanu, and Virgil-Florin Duma. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2045782.

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Santos, A. F., M. Polido, A. P. Serro, and C. G. Figueiredo-Pina. "COMPARATIVE TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF TWO PROSTHETIC DENTAL MATERIALS: ZIRCONIA AND VITA ENAMIC." In BALTTRIB. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2017.29.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the tribological behaviour of two commercial prosthetic materials – Zirconia and a polymer infiltrated ceramic (PIC) commercially known as VITA ENAMIC – when tested against human molars/premolars. Samples of both materials were prepared and their hardness, wettability and topography were characterised. Antagonist teeth samples were prepared by cutting human molars/premolars to obtain isolated cusps. A wear test was performed during 306,000 chewing cycles, corresponding to 1.5 year of mastication, using a simulator with artificial saliva as lubricant. The wear mechanisms were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the dental wear loss was determined by volume calculation using 3D scans of the cusps, and the prosthetic material loss by 2D profilometry analysis. Contrarily to VITA, no wear was found in Zirconia. No correlation was found between dental wear and the used counter-face, showing that dental wear is not influenced by the counter-face hardness when opposing surfaces with similar roughness are used.

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Bandara, H. M. S. U., L. S. Nawarathna, P. V. K. S. Hettiarachchi, and R. D. Jayasinghe. "Prediction of Age Based on Development of Mandibular Third Molars in Sri Lankan Population." In 2022 6th SLAAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SLAAI-ICAI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/slaai-icai56923.2022.10002451.

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Shackelton, Allison L., Allison Tumarkin-Deratzian, David Grandstaff, and Dennis Terry. "REGIONAL VARIABILITY OF MICROWEAR ON THE MOLARS OFLEPTOMERYXFROM EOCENE-OLIGOCENE STRATA OF WYOMING AND NEBRASKA." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272002.

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Burroughs, Robert W. "VOLES, MOLARS, AND MOLECULES: INTEGRATING QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY, GENETICS, AND EVO-DEVO TO STUDY EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-332324.

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Alieva, S. S. "Prospective assessment of monolithic zirconia fixed dental Restorations for premolars and molars for 3 years." In Scientific dialogue: Medical issues. ЦНК МОАН, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sciencepublic-15-11-2019-01.

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Wright, Susannah M., and Laura A. Vietti. "FROM MICROFOSSILS TO MOLARS: TESTING THE APPLICATION OF THE SOFTWARE PACKAGE AUTOMORPH TO FOSSIL MAMMAL TEETH." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340436.

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Reports on the topic "Molars"

1

Cohen, M. E., J. S. Arthur, and J. W. Rodden. Patients' Retrospective Preference for Extraction of Asymptomatic Third Molars. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232648.

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Lupton, Callum, Thomas Dolzan, Maayer Malick, Gacenga Njoroge, Henry Kean, and Peter Thomson. Indications for Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars in Individuals Aged 17-30: a Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0077.

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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto, and Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0069.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different drugs to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse drugs currently available, which postoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient to reduce pain after mandibular third molar surgery? 2) Is the pre-emptive analgesia effective in reducing pain immediately after the mandibular third molar surgery? In this case, 3) Which preoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient? 4) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best option to control the edema induced by the surgery? 5) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain/ edema induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).

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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto, and Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of different corticosteroids to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0023.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different corticosteroids to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best preoperative option to control postoperative inflammatory complications? 2) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain, edema, and trismus induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).

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5

Durksz, Durk. Effect Molares® op biogas opbrengst bij co-vergisting. Lelystad: ACRRES - Wageningen UR, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/423799.

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Nash, C., M. Williams, M. Restivo, L. Hamm, and D. McCabe. SuperLig® 639 Resin Performance using 8 Molar LAW Feed. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1332668.

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Ritto, Fernanda, Karen Tiwana, Zachary Dacus, Troy Schmitz, and João Vitor Canellas. Approaching different stages of the disease and the correlated treatment on Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0127.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to define and evaluate the treatments available for two different stages of the Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) defect. On stage I, the lesion is classified as Mild and is characterized by demarcated opacities without posteruptive breakdown. On stage II, the lesion is classified as Severe and is characterized by posteruptive breakdown of enamel. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following question: What are the treatments available and their results for the two different stages of MIH on permanent teeth? Condition being studied: Mild and Severe Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). MIH is an enamel defect that occurs during the mineralization on the second stage of the formation of the enamel called maturation phase. This disease affects the outer layer of enamel, making the structure soft and undercalcified. The appearance of the lesion can be white opaque to yellow brown depending on the stage ( mild or severe).

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Yang, Chen-Jen, and Samson A. Jenekhe. Group Contribution to Molar Refraction and Refractive Index of Conjugated Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada314812.

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Mueller, Frank. MOLAR: Modular Linux and Adaptive Runtime Support for HEC OS/R Research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947024.

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Havstad, M. A. Emittance of investment casting molds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180706.

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