Journal articles: 'Molar conductivity'

1

Redkin, A., Yu Zaikov, O. Tkacheva, and S. Kumkov. "Molar thermal conductivity of molten salts." Ionics 22, no. 1 (November 13, 2015): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-015-1592-y.

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C. da Silva, Débora A., Manuel J. Pinzón C., Andresa Messias, Eudes E. Fileti, Aline Pascon, Débora V. Franco, Leonardo Morais Da Silva, and Hudson G. Zanin. "Effect of conductivity, viscosity, and density of water-in-salt electrolytes on the electrochemical behavior of supercapacitors: molecular dynamics simulations and in situ characterization studies." Materials Advances 3, no. 1 (2022): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00890k.

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Molecular configurations of the 1.0 mol dm−3 and 8.0 mol dm−3 NaClO4 aqueous electrolytes, and shear viscosity and ionic conductivity as a function of the molar and molal concentrations of NaClO4 aqueous solutions.

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Huang, Yuan Ming, Fu Fang Zhou, Qing Lan Ma, Ming Meng, and Chun Xu Pan. "Effects of Dopant 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid on Conductivity of Ferric Chloride Oxidized Polypyrrole." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.682.

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The effects of dopant 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the conductivity of polypyrrole were investigated. Under the condition of fixed molar ratio of oxidant-to-monomer (0.75: 1.00), a dozen of polypyrrole samples were made from chemical polymerizing the monomer pyrrole in aqueous medium by varying the dopant-to-monomer molar ratio. It was found that the dopant affected the conductivity and particle size of the synthesized polypyrrole. A maximum value for electrical conductivity of 5575 S/m was achieved when the molar ratio of dopant: oxidant: monomer is 2.25:0.75:1.00.

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Huang, Yuan Ming, Qing Lan Ma, Bao Gai Zhai, Fu Fang Zhou, and Chun Xu Pan. "Relationship between Dopant 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid and Conductivity of Ammonium Persulfate Oxidized Polypyrrole." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.674.

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The effects of dopant 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the conductivity of polypyrrole were investigated. Being nonhygroscopic, ammonium persulfate was used as the oxidant. Under the condition of fixed molar ratio of oxidant-to-monomer (0.375:1.00), a dozen of polypyrrole samples were made from chemical polymerizing the monomer pyrrole in aqueous medium by varying the dopant-to-monomer molar ratio. It was found that the dopant affected the conductivity and particle size of the synthesized polypyrrole. A maximum value for electrical conductivity of 5575 S/m was achieved when the molar ratio of dopant: oxidant: monomer is 2.25:0.375:1.00.

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Talib, Nur Khairunnisa, Omar Nashed, Bhajan Lal, and Ouahid Ben Ghanem. "pH and electrical conductivity measurements of aqueous solutions of amino acid-based ionic." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128702018.

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Ionic liquids are promising materials for several applications. Amino acid based ionic liquids (AAILs) as a sort of a new generation of ionic liquids are recently proposed taking advantage of hydrogen bonding group and low toxicity. Three types of AAILs are examined in this work; namely 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Glycine [OMIM][Gly], 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Alanine [OMIM][Ala] and 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Proline [OMIM][Pro]. The pH and molar conductivity are measured at ambient conditions for AAILs aqueous solutions at different concentrations; specifically 1, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%. The experimental results show that all AAILs solutions are alkaline (pH>7) where [OMIM][Pro] has the highest pH compared to its counterparts. The trend is reversed for molar conductivity as [OMIM][Gly] showed the highest molar conductivity. These results are attributed to the smaller size of [Gly] compared to [Pro] and [Ala]. However, adding AAILs increases the molar conductivity of the water.

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Dimaculangan, Dianne Aubrey A., Vergel Castaneda Bungay, and Allan Nana Soriano. "Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Heavy Metal Ions (Ni3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+) at Infinite Dilution through Electrolytic Conductivity Measurements." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.72902.

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One important parameter to examine the behavior and mass transfer properties of heavy metal ions is the diffusion coefficient. Due to the costly methods of its determination, a simple process correlating the molar conductivity data to diffusion coefficient was utilized. Molar conductivity data were determined for five (5) different dilute concentrations of the chlorides of the heavy metal ions (Ni3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+) and at temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 323.15 K. The infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of the heavy metals were estimated using the Nernst-Haskell equation and Nernst-Einstein equation. The molar conductivity and the diffusion coefficients values of the ions were in the order of Ba2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+ > Ni3+ with the Ba2+ having the highest molar conductivity with a correlated infinite dilution diffusion coefficient of 1.6565 × 10-9 m2/s at 303.15 K. This study was able to predict the values of the infinite dilution diffusion coefficient of heavy metal ions and could contribute to a better understanding of the mobility of heavy metal ions in a water environment

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Kalita, Gautam, Nashiour Rohman, and Sekh Mahiuddin. "Electrical Conductivity, Viscosity and Molar Volume of Potassium Nitrate - Sodium Nitrate in Cadmium Nitrate Tetrahydrate Melt." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 3 (1998): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97007.

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The electrical conductivities, viscosities and molar volumes of the 0·3[xKNO3+(1 – x)NaNO3]+ 0·7Cd(NO3)2.4·4H2O systems were measured as functions of temperature (293·15 ≤ T/K ≤ 363·15) and composition (x = 0·0 to 1·0 mole fraction). The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and viscosity was non-Arrhenius in nature and has been analysed by using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Both conductivity and viscosity vary non-linearly with the molar volume and have been explained by using VTF-type equations based on the free volume model. In the present system the molar volume and the intrinsic volume are additive. A significant mixed alkali effect has been observed in the normalized electrical conductivity and viscosity and in the electrical conductivity at the isofluidity condition. The variation of the electrical conductivity is governed by the mobility of the potassium ions. The onset of the mixed alkali effect has been explained by the anion polarization model.

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Mahiuddin, Sekh. "Mixed alkali effect in sodium thiocyanate–potassium thiocyanate – acetamide melt systems." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-083.

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Electrical conductivity and molar volume of the 0.25[xNaSCN + (1 −x)KSCN] + 0.75CH3CONH2 systems were measured as functions of temperature [Formula: see text] and composition (x = 0.0 – 1.0 mol fraction). Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity was non-Arrhenius in nature and has been analysed by using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Molar volume data were fitted to an equation similar to the VTF equation based on the free volume model. Molar volumes and intrinsic volumes were found to be additive in nature. Electrical conductivity isotherms deviate from linearity in different fashion for different temperature regions. The onset of the mixed alkali effect is governed by the anion polarization effect, by a contribution of the auto-dissociated molten acetamide, and by polymeric-type solvated ions. Key words: electrical conductivity, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, acetamide, mixed alkali effect.

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9

Tian, Guo Cai, Ding Wang, and Ya Dong Li. "Simulation of the Properties of 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Chloride/Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids: Concentration and Temperature Dependence." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.249.

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Influences of the molar fractions of AlCl3and temperature on room temperature molten salts 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Chloride /Chloroaluminate [Emim]Cl/AlCl3are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The physical and chemical properties such as density, diffusion coefficients, viscosity, conductivity of [Emim]Cl/AlCl3with different molar fraction of AlCl3are calculated. The density is obtained as 1.1744g/cm3for [Emim]Cl, which agree well with the experimental value (1.186g/cm3). It was shown that the density and conductivity increase, whereas the viscosity decreases with the increasing of molar fraction of AlCl3. The self-diffusion coefficients of [Emim]+, Cl-and AlCl3increases and the changes of self-diffusion coefficient of AlCl3is the biggest as to molar fraction increase. It is shown that the conductivity, the self-diffusion coefficient of particles all increase, and the changes of AlCl3is the biggest with the increasing of temperature, whereas the density and viscosity reduce.

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Thawarkar, Sachin, Nageshwar D. Khupse, and Anil Kumar. "Solvent-mediated molar conductivity of protic ionic liquids." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 1 (2015): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04591b.

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11

Kumar, Anil. "Conductivity, Molar Volume and Rheology of Uranyl Soap." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 28, no. 4 (December 1994): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319109408030255.

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12

Gislason, J., and S. M. Wharry. "Relative Molar Response Factors for Thermal Conductivity Detectors." Journal of Chromatographic Science 38, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/38.3.129.

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13

Bishop, Andrea G., Douglas R. MacFarlane, and Maria Forsyth. "Ion association and molar conductivity in polyether electrolytes." Electrochimica Acta 43, no. 10-11 (April 1998): 1453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(97)10083-4.

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14

Munawar, Muhammad A., and Dirk W. Schubert. "Revealing Electrical and Mechanical Performances of Highly Oriented Electrospun Conductive Nanofibers of Biopolymers with Tunable Diameter." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910295.

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The present study outlines a reliable approach to determining the electrical conductivity and elasticity of highly oriented electrospun conductive nanofibers of biopolymers. The highly oriented conductive fibers are fabricated by blending a high molar mass polyethylene oxide (PEO), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polylactic acid (PLA) with polyaniline (PANi) filler. The filler-matrix interaction and molar mass (M) of host polymer are among governing factors for variable fiber diameter. The conductivity as a function of filler fraction (φ) is shown and described using a McLachlan equation to reveal the electrical percolation thresholds (φc) of the nanofibers. The molar mass of biopolymer, storage time, and annealing temperature are significant factors for φc. The Young’s modulus (E) of conductive fibers is dependent on filler fraction, molar mass, and post-annealing process. The combination of high orientation, tunable diameter, tunable conductivity, tunable elasticity, and biodegradability makes the presented nanofibers superior to the fibers described in previous literature and highly desirable for various biomedical and technical applications.

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15

Tian, Guo Cai, and Ya Dong Li. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Effects of NH₄Cl on the Properties of Lewis Acidic 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Chloride/Chloroaluminate Molten Salts." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.183.

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Molecular dynamics simulation method is used to study the effect of NH4Cl on the properties of Lewis acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride/chloroaluminate molten salts (molar ratio1:2) at the 300K. The dynamics and physical chemical properties such as diffusion coefficients, viscosity, conductivity of Lewis acidic [EmiCl/AlCl3(molar ratio1:2) with different molar fraction of NH4Cl are calculated. It is shown that the density increases firstly and reduces afterward, the conductivity decreases and viscosity increases with increasing of NH4Cl content. The self-diffusion coefficient of [Emi+, NH4+, Cl-and AlCl3reduces, and the trend to AlCl3self-diffusion is the most obvious.

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16

Potapov, Alexei M., Leszek Rycerz, and Marcelle Gaune-Escard. "Electrical Conductivity of Melts Containing Rare-Earth Halides. I. MCl-NdCl3 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2007): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-7-813.

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The electrical conductivity of molten MCl-NdCl3 (M = Li, Na, Rb and Cs) has been measured from the liquidus temperature up to ~ 1180 K. The measurements were performed in usual U-shaped capillary quartz cells with platinum electrodes. The molar conductivity (Λ) has been computed by using literature data on the densities of the binary systems. In all cases, when the temperature range exceeds about 100 K, the plot lnΛ vs. 1/T is not a straight line. The activation energy of the conductivity does not remain constant but reduces with increasing temperature. In the specific and molar conductivity isotherms strong deviations from additivity are noted. The results are discussed in terms of octahedral local coordination of Nd3+ over the entire concentration range.

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17

Han, Jia Jun, Jin Ning Cheng, Feng Wen Pan, Xin Kui Liu, and Fang Zhang. "Effect of Synthesis Process of Polyaniline for the Zn-PANi Secondary Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1342.

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The facters of molar ratio of aniline and ammonium persulfate ,aniline concentration, concentration of HCl , carbon species and different additives was studied on the yield and conductivity of polyaniline, also the coulomb efficiency and the cycle life of Zinc-PANi secondary battery. Results show that: the molar ratio of aniline and ammonium persulfate is 1:0.9, aniline concentration 0.12mol/L and the wooden actived carbon is 35% of the weight of aniline, the best value of conductivity and capacity are respectively 2.27S/cm and 121.5mAh/g.

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18

Tian, Guo Cai, Ding Wang, and Ya Dong Li. "Simulation of the Structure and Properties of Room Temperature Molten Salts 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Chloride/Chloroaluminate." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.547.

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Molecular dynamics simulation method is used to study the [Emim]Cl ionic liquid at the 300K. The density is obtained as 1.1744g/cm3 which agree well with the experimental value (1.186g/cm3) and the relative deviation is only 0.9%. The microstructure, dynamics, and physical chemical properties such as radial distribution functions, diffusion coefficients, viscosity, conductivity of room temperature molten salts [Emim]Cl/AlCl3 with different molar fraction of AlCl3 are calculated. It is shown that the density and electrical conductivity increase, whereas the viscosity decreases with the increasing of molar fraction of AlCl3. The self-diffusion coefficients of [Emim]+, Cl- and AlCl3 increases and the changes of self-diffusion coefficient of AlCl3 is the biggest as to molar fraction increase.

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19

Waware, Umesh S., and Mohd Rashid. "Synthesis and characterization of electrically conducting copolymers of poly(aniline-co-o-iodoaniline)." Functional Materials Letters 07, no. 05 (August 26, 2014): 1450062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604714500623.

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Functionalized copolymers of poly(aniline-co-o-iodoaniline) have been synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization method by using o-iodoaniline (o-IA) and aniline (AN) as monomer units by changing their molar feed ratio in acid aqueous medium. The physical properties viz; solubility, electrical conductivity have been studied to characterize them. The copolymers possess better solubility than unsubstituted homopolymer in organic solvent such as N -methyl-2-pyrrodinone (NMP). The conductivity of the pressed pellets of as-synthesized copolymers depends upon the content of o-IA in the polyaniline (PANI). The structural confirmation of the copolymer has been explained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study which suggest that AN and o-IA units are uniformly distributed along the polymer chain and thus, the physical properties of copolymers may possibly be tailored by varying the molar feed ratio in copolymerization reactions. The conductivity of the copolymer decreases upon increasing the o-IA content in molar feed, because the introduction of –I- as a functional group reduces the extent of conjugation of the polymer chain.

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20

Podunavac-Kuzmanovic, Sanja, and Ljiljana Vojinovic. "Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of zinc(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with 2-phenyl-2-imidazoline." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 34 (2003): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0334119p.

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Chlorides and nitrates of zinc(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) react with 2-phenyl-2-imidazoline to give complexes of the type [ML2X2]?nH2O (M=Zn, Ni or Co; L=2-phenyl-2-imidazoline; X=Cl or NO3; n=0, 1 or 2). The complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis of the metal molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements and IR spectra. The molar conductances of the zinc(II) complexes in DMF solutions indicate that the complexes behave as non-electrolytes. The values of magnetic conductivity in the case of nickel(II) complexes indicate that one of the coordinated anions (chloride or nitrate) has been replaced by DMF molecule. The molar conductivity values of cobalt(II) complexes indicate the partial substitution of coordinated anions with solvent molecules. The room temperature effective magnetic moments and IR data of the complexes suggest that all Zn(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes have a tetrahedral configuration, which is realized by participation of the pyridine nitrogen of two organic ligand molecules, and two chloride or nitrate anions typical for these classes of organic ligands.

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21

Hazra, Ashoke. "Conductance, Dissociation Constant and Thermodynamic Parameters Studies of Succinic acid in Water + Pyruvate Carboxylase and Water + Tetrahydrofuran medium." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 1440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370624.

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Present paper describes the conductivity studies of succinic acid with aqueous PC and THF medium. Limiting molar conductivities and dissociation constant (Kc) were calculated by Kraus-Bray conductivity equations from 288K to 318K. Thermodynamic parameters ∆H, ∆G, ∆S, ∆Es were calculated.

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Efimov, Pavel, Andrey Kramarenko, and Viktor Tomak. "Concentration and temperature empirical relationships of the electrical conductivity of electrolyte solutions." Kharkov University Bulletin Chemical Series, no. 36 (May 7, 2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-637x-2021-36-07.

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We have considered the dependences of the specific (κ) and molar (Λ) electrical conductivity (EC) of aqueous electrolyte solutions on the molar concentration and temperature for sulfates of divalent metals (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) in a wide concentration range at 5 – 35°C. To describe such systems we propose a modified cubic equation (MCE): κ = C∙c3k + Q∙c2k + L∙ck, where C, Q, L, k are empirical parameters, fixed parameter k = 0.5 has been considered as well. From the correlation between the calculated parameters we assume that two of them are sufficient. The maximum of specific EC (κm) and the corresponding concentration (cm) have been calculated. We also assume that the systems under study are isomorphic in the normalized coordinates (κ/κm via c/cm). For the dependences like κ = A∙cx + B∙cy it is shown that x = 1 is a good approximation over the generalized sample. Empirical dependences with y = 5/4 and y = 4/3 are also considered. It is shown that they give comparable results to MCE. The proposed approach is tested on EC data of aqueous solutions of some salts. Similar two-parameter κ(κm, cm; c) equations of other authors have been considered. In order to describe the dependence of the specific EC on temperature and concentration we propose an equation κ = (A25 + a∙θ)∙c – (B25 + b∙θ)∙c5/4, where θ is the reduced temperature and A25, a, B25 and b are empirical parameters. Also a generalized equation for the molar EC of concentrated electrolyte solutions is proposed: Λ(Λ*, Λm, cm; c), where Λ* is the effective limiting molar EC, and Λm is the molar EC at c = cm. It was found that Λ* and Λm depend linearly on temperature. The average value of the exponent is close to 1/3, which brings the generalized molar EC equation closer to the equation derived from the quasi-lattice model of electrolyte solutions.

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23

Сорокин, Н. И., and Б. П. Соболев. "Корреляция между величинами фтор-ионной проводимости кристаллов Sr-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-R-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-F-=SUB=-2+x-=/SUB=- (тип CaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-) и R-=SUB=-1-y-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-F-=SUB=-3-y-=/SUB=- (тип LaF-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-) в системах SrF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--RF-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (R=La-Nd)." Физика твердого тела 61, no. 11 (2019): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.11.48409.368.

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AbstractThe “conductivity logarithm–composition” correlation logσ_dc( x ) = ax + b has been revealed for the strongly nonstoichiometric fluorite Sr_1 – _ x R_ x F_2 + _ x ( x is the RF_3 molar fraction, 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.47) and tysonite R_1 – _ y Sr_ y F_3 – _ y ( y is the SrF_2 molar fraction, y = 1 – x , 0.85 ≤ x ≤ 0.97) phases in the SrF_2–RF_3 systems (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd). The conductivity σ_dc of the eutectic 70LaF_3 + 30SrF_2 (mol %) composite fits well with the dependence logσ_dc( x ) for the nonstoichiometric Sr_1 – _ x La_ x F_2 + _ x and La_1 – _ y Sr_ y F_3 – _ y phases.

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Chauhan, Mohinder S., Kishore C. Sharma, Sanjay Gupta, Suvarcha Chauhan, and Vijay K. Syal. "Conductance and Viscometric Studies of Some Tetraalkylammonium and Sodium Salts in Acetonitrile-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Mixtures at 35 °C." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 10 (1992): 2078–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19922078.

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Molar conductances and viscosities of Bu4NBPh4, NaBPh4 and R4NBr (R ethyl, propyl and butyl) at 35 °C in acetonitrile (AN), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and their binary mixtures have been reported. The conductivity data has been analysed by the Shedlovsky conductance equation and viscosity data by the Jones-Dole equation. Resolution of limiting molar conductivity (Λ0) and viscosity B coefficient of electrolytes into their ionic components have been achieved by the reference salt method. Viscosity A coefficients have been compared with theoretical Aη coefficients. Derived conductance and viscosity parameters have been discussed in terms of the ion-solvent interaction.

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Red'kin, A. A., A. B. Salyulev, M. V. Smirnov, and V. A. Khokhlov. "Density and Electrical Conductivity of NaCl - CoCl2 and NaCl - NiCl2 Molten Mixtures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-1105.

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Abstract The density and electrical conductivity of cobalt and nickel dichlorides and their solutions in molten sodium chloride have been measured. The density was measured by a dilatometric method, and the electrical conductivity by an AC technique. The molar volume and equivalent conductance were calculated.

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Konstantinov, V. A., E. S. Orel, and V. P. Revyakin. "Molar volume dependence of the thermal conductivity in mixed cryocrystals." Low Temperature Physics 28, no. 2 (February 2002): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1461926.

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Hanibah, Hussein, Azizan Ahmad, and Nur Hasyareeda Hassan. "Molar Conductivity Behaviour of LiClO4 in Poly(ethylene oxide) Solutions." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, Supp. (2014): S127—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.19028.

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Height, M. J., E. M. Kennedy, and B. Z. Dlugogorski. "Thermal conductivity detection relative molar response factors for halogenated compounds." Journal of Chromatography A 841, no. 2 (May 1999): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00365-9.

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Red’kin, A. A., A. B. Salyulev, M. V. Smirnov, and V. A. Khokhlov. "Density and Electrical Conductivity of Molten (2K, Fe)Cl2, (2K, Co)Cl2, and (2K, Ni)Cl2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-0508.

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Abstract The density and electrical conductivity of molten (2K, Fe)Cl2, (2 K, Co)Cl2 and (2K, Ni)Cl2 have been investigated. The density was measured by the maximum bubble pressure and dylatometric methods, the electrical conductivity by an AC technique. The molar volume and equivalent conductance were calculated.

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Kuznetsov, Sergey A., and Marcelle Gaune-Escard. "Electronic Conductivity of NaCl-KCl Equimolar Melt Containing Eu(III) and Eu(II) Complexes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 61, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2006-0906.

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The electronic conductivity of molten equimolar NaCl-KCl containing Eu(III) and Eu(II) complexes was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The ratio between electronic and electrolyte resistance as a function of the electrode potential was determined. The electronic conductivity was found to be maximal when the amounts of Eu(III) and Eu(II) are about equal. The electronic conductivity of this melt does not exceed 2.3% of the ionic conductivity. Deviation from the molar ratio Eu(III)/Eu(II) = 1 led to a considerable diminution of the electronic conductivity.

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TRAN, A. T. T., M. C. DUKE, P. G. GRAY, and J. C. DINIZ DA COSTA. "CHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIUM PHOSPHATE AS ELECTROLYTES IN FUEL CELLS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041008.

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Titanium phosphate is currently a promising material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells applications (PEMFC) allowing for operation at high temperature conditions. In this work, titanium phosphate was synthesized from tetra iso-propoxide (TTIP) and orthophosphoric acid ( H 3 PO 4) in different ratios by a sol gel method. High BET surface areas of 271 m2.g-1 were obtained for equimolar Ti:P samples whilst reduced surface areas were observed by varying the molar ratio either way. Highest proton conductivity of 5.4×10-2 S . cm -1 was measured at 20°C and 93% relative humidity (RH). However, no correlation was observed between surface area and proton conductivity. High proton conductivity was directly attributed to hydrogen bonding in P - OH groups and the water molecules retained in the sample structure. The proton conductivity increased with relative humidity, indicating that the Grotthuss mechanism governed proton transport. Further, sample Ti/P with 1:9 molar ratio showed proton conductivity in the order of 10-1 S.cm-1 (5% RH) and ~1.6×10-2 S . cm -1 (anhydrous condition) at 200°C. These proton conductivities were mainly attributed to excess acid locked into the functionalized TiP structure, thus forming ionisable protons.

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32

Santim, Ricardo Hidalgo, Hermes Adolfo de Aquino, and José Antonio Malmonge. "Fabrication of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Using Microemulsion Polymerization for Diferent Py/APS/SDS Molar Ratios." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.391.

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Polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy) were synthesized by the chemical oxidative microemulsion of pyrrole (Py) monomer using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant agent and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a surfactant at 28°C and 0°C. Different Py:APS:SDS molar ratios were used, and the properties of the resulting material were examined by four-probe DC electrical conductivity, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-Nir), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). UV-vis-Nir and FTIR spectra show the formation of a polaron band owing to the doping of PPy by SDS. The electrical conductivity and morphology of PPy nanoparticles depend on the synthesis conditions. Electrical conductivity of ~95.3×10-3 S/cm was achieved for PPy synthesized at 0°C. For the same Py:APS:SDS molar ratio, the nanoparticle shape changed from cylindrical to spherical upon simply lowering the synthesis temperature.

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33

Marjanović, B., G. Ćirić-Marjanović, A. Radulović, I. Juranić, and P. Holler. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polyacriflavine." Materials Science Forum 555 (September 2007): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.555.503.

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New functional polymeric, semiconducting materials were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of acriflavine hydrochloride in aqueous solution at room temperature, using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant. Polymerization products were characterized by gelpermeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and conductivity measurements. The influence of the oxidant/monomer molar ratio on the molecular structure, molecular weight distribution and the electrical conductivity of polyacriflavines was studied. Molecular weights approach a maximum value of ~20000. The polyacriflavine prepared by using oxidant/monomer molar ratio 1.25 shows the conductivity of 2.8 × 10–7 S cm–1. New substitution pattern shown by FTIR spectroscopic analysis combined with MNDO-PM3 semiempirical quantum chemical calculations revealed N─C2 coupling reactions as dominant. The formation of phenazine rings in ladder structured polymerization products was observed by FTIR spectroscopy. The existence of a certain polyacriflavine crystalline structure was suggested from the SEM micrographs.

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34

Senel, Mehmet, Hüseyin Kavas, Mehmet Tutgun, and Abdulhadi Baykal. "Preparation and conductivities of polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole grafted and ungrafted iron oxide nanocomposite polymer electrolytes." Open Chemistry 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0318-0.

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AbstractNanocomposites of Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole (PAA/PVI) with grafted and ungrafted iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a Reflux method. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 10 nm average diameter were synthesized by controlled co-precipitation and silanization of Si-PVI on Fe3O4 was used to obtain the grafted ones. Grafting becomes important at composites of less PVI that cause drastic decreases in AC conductivity. The content of PVI has important effects on the conductivity mechanism of these composites. The effect of grafting and Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole molar ratio on the conduction mechanism were studied. The conduction mechanism of iron oxide nanocomposites can be adjusted by changing molar ratio of Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylimidazole and grafting of Fe3O4NPs.

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35

Huang, Yuan Ming, Qing Lan Ma, and Xiao Yan Kong. "Optimized Conductivity of Anthraquinone-2-Sulfonic Acid Sodium, 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid and Toluene-4-Sulfonic Acid Co-Doped Polypyrrole." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.702.

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By doping three complex dopants in different molar ratio, a series of polypyrroles doped with 9, 10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium, 5-sulfosalicylic acid and toluene-4-sulfonic acid were synthesized by polymerizing the monomer pyrrole in aqueous solution of ferric chloride. The resulting polypyrroles were characterized with the four-probe and laser light scattering, respectively. Our results indicate that optimized value of conductivity reached to 6683 S/m when the molar ratio of anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium to 5-sulfosalicylic acid to toluene-4-sulfonic acid was 2:1:3. For applications of polymer in optoelectronics, in lithium-ion battery and in electromagnetic shielding, to obtain optimized value of conductivity has great significance for us.

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36

Troter, Dragan, Zoran Todorovic, Dusica Djokic-Stojanovic, Biljana Djordjevic, Vanja Todorovic, Sandra Konstantinovic, and Vlada Veljkovic. "The physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of the choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 9 (2017): 1039–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc170225065t.

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This paper reports the physicochemical (density, dynamic viscosity, electrical conductivity and refractive index) and the thermodynamic (thermal expansion coefficient, molecular volume, lattice energy and heat capacity) properties of several choline chloride (ChCl) based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), with 1:2 mole ratio, respectively: ChCl:propylene glycol, ChCl:1,3-dimethylurea and ChCl:thiourea, at atmospheric pressure as a function of temperature over the range of 293.15?363.15 K. Their properties were also compared with those of some already characterized ChCl-based DESs, namely ChCl:ethylene glycol, ChCl:glycerol and ChCl:urea (1:2 mole ratio). Density, viscosity and refractive index of all DESs decrease with the increasing temperature while the electrical conductivity increases. Viscosity and conductivity of the tested DESs were fitted by both Arrhenius-type and Vogel?Tamman?Fulcher equations. The changes of molar enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy of activation, determined using the Eyring theory, demonstrated the interactional factor as predominant over the structural factor for all DES systems. The fractional Walden rule, used to correlate molar conductivity and viscosity, showed an excellent linear behaviour. It was shown that ChCl:propylene glycol DES had properties similar to ChCl:ethylene glycol and ChCl:glycerol DESs. However, the properties (density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of ChCl:1,3-dimethylurea and ChCl: :thiourea DESs were inferior to those of the ChCl:urea DES.

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37

Banagar, Arunkumar V., M. Prashant Kumar, N. Nagaraja, Anand Tipperudra, and Sangamesh Jakati. "DC electrical conduction in strontium vanadium borate glasses." Materials Science-Poland 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2020-0022.

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AbstractA series of borate glasses with the composition x(SrO)·(50 – x)V2O5·0.5(B2O3) where x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 were prepared by melt-quenching technique. The non-crystalline nature of the glasses has been established by XRD studies. Room temperature density and DC electrical conductivity of the samples were investigated in the temperature range of 300 K to 443 K. The molar volume and oxygen packing density (OPD) were estimated. The results show that the density, molar volume and OPD decrease with the increasing of SrO mole fraction. The DC electrical conductivity data has been analyzed in the light of Mott’s small polaron hopping (SPH) model and the activation energies were estimated. The conductivity was observed to rapidly fall and activation energy was found to increase when SrO was incorporated into the glass network. This may indicate that Sr+ ions have not contributed to the total conductivity and the observed conductivity may be of polaronic type only, which is due to the hopping of electrons between multivalent states of vanadium. Various small polaron hopping parameters such as small polaron radius, rp, effective dielectric constant, ϵp, polaron band width, J, optical phonon frequency, υo, small polaron coupling constant, γp, density of states at Fermi level, N(EF) were estimated and discussed.

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Assem, E. E. "Effect of Iron Oxide on the Structure, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of (SiO₂-B₂O₃-Li₂O) Ionic Conducting Glass System." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.447.

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A glass system according to the molar formula (35% mole SiO2- 40% mole B2O3 -(25-x) Li2O), where x=0,1,2 and 3 % mole Fe2O3, was prepared by melting the pure powder chemicals at porcelain crucibles at 1200Co for three hours until the homogenous glass was obtained. The samples were heat treated at 600 and 700 Co for 10 hours. The density, the molar volume, the electrical conductivity and magnetic properties were measured before and after the heat treatment. Replacing the lithium oxide with the iron oxide increases the density, the electrical and magnetic properties. The heat treatment decreases the electrical conductivity and the magnetic susceptibility while increases the density. The crystalline phases due to heat treatment were determined using x-ray diffraction.

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Ikeda, Masahiro, and Masaru Aniya. "Ionic Diffusion and Dissociation in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.264.

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The clarification of the degree of ionic dissociation occurring in liquid-electrolyte systems such as those used in current lithium-ion batteries is important from both, fundamental and application points of views. In the present study, based on the bond strength–coordination number fluctuation (BSCNF) model proposed by the authors, we consider the relation between the ionic diffusion and dissociation in room-temperature ionic liquids. Specifically, we show firstly, that the molar conductivity Λ is well correlated with the degree of molecular cooperativity NB defined by the BSCNF model. This correlation enables to connect the cooperativity with the degree of ionic dissociation in ionic liquids. Through the comparison between the ionic diffusion coefficients and the molar conductivity, we discuss on a possible relation between these quantities.

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40

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Preparation, Study and Theortical Treatment of Co(II) Ni(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) Schiff Base Coplexes with Sodium [N-(hydroxyl naphtholidine) Glycine imino]." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 4 (December 2, 2012): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.4.608-615.

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Anew Schiff base (NaHL) has been prepared from the reaction between the salt of amino acid glycine with 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde. By tridentate Schiff base of (ONO), donors were characterized by using U.V and spectrophotometer techniques. Complexes of Co(II) Ni(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) ion with the ligand have been prepared, these complexes were identified by infrared, electronic spectral data, elemental analysis, magnetic moments, and molar conductivity measurements. It is concluded from the elemental analysis that all the complexes have (1:2) [metal:ligand] molar ratios, octahedral, with the exception to Zn(II) complex which have (1:1)[metal:ligand] molar ratio.

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41

Hilman, A. M., E. S. Sazali, Md Rahim Sahar, K. Azman, and Yahya Norihan. "DC and Thermal Conductivity of Lithium Zinc Phosphate Glasses." Solid State Phenomena 268 (October 2017): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.268.198.

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The phosphate glasses, with composition (60-x)P2O5-25ZnO-(15+x)Li2O where 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 5.0 mol% are prepared by conventional melt quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glass is determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The physical properties are measured in term of their density and molar volume. Glass density is found to increase from 2.700 to 2.785 g cm-3 whereas molar volume is found to decrease from 40.735 to 37.488 cm3 mol-1 with respect to Li2O content. The DC measurements are done by using four point probes and the activation energies are determined. Arrhenius plot shows straight line behavior as observed that confirmed the conductivity increased with Li2O content. The activation energy is found to decreases from 0.75 to 0.08 eV as Li2O content is increased in the temperature range from 310 to 420 K. Measurements of the thermal conductivity using Lee’s disc apparatus have been made. It is observed that the maximum and minimum thermal conductivity are 0.2679 and 0.2168 W m-1 K-1 respectively.

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42

Bai, Yujia, Manale Maalouf, Alexander Papandrew, and Thomas A. Zawodzinski. "Proton Conductivity and Partial Molar Volume of Different Polymer Electrolyte Membranes." ECS Transactions 41, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 1545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3635686.

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43

Irfan, Gustian, Unugur Celik Sevim, and Ayhan Bozkurt. "Synthesis of Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and Preparation of Proton Conducting Membrane for High Temperature Operation." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.294.

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Polymer poly (1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) have been synthesized via free radical polymerization using the monomer 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and the initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in toluene as solvent. Proton conducting membranes were prepared by adding nitrilotri (methyl triphosphonic acid) as a dopant into a solution of poly (1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) at various molar ratios. The mixture was cast in polished poly (tetrafluoroethylene), PTFE plates and the solvent was evaporated carefully at temperatures of 50 °C for 12 hours. Interaction between the polymer and the dopants have been studied through; FTIR spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), glass transition temperature using DSC and proton conductivity of membranes made using dielectric-impedance analyzer Novocontrol. Proton conductive membranes with molar ratio of 0.25 was obtained proton conductivity of 8.52 x 10-4S/cm at 150°C.

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44

Valverde, David, Abel Garcia-Bernabé, Andreu Andrio, Eduardo García-Verdugo, Santiago V. Luis, and Vicente Compañ. "Free ion diffusivity and charge concentration on cross-linked polymeric ionic liquid iongel films based on sulfonated zwitterionic salts and lithium ions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 32 (2019): 17923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01903k.

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The properties of various mixtures of a zwitterionic ionic liquid (ZIs-1) and LiNTf₂, including their conductivity, have been studied showing how they can be adjusted through their molar composition.

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45

Chouri, Praveen, Nirdosh Patil, and Anilkumar Bidve. "Synthesis, Characterization and Proton Conducting Behavior of a Novel Composite Films Based on Phosphosilicate / Polypyrrole (PS/PPy)." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 11419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.11419ecst.

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Various phosphosilicate doped polypyrrole proton conductive thin films composite membranes were successfully prepared. Phosphosilicate obtained by sol-gel process by mixing tetraethoxy silane with phosphoric acid at a molar ratio 1:5. The proton conductivity increased with increasing both the content of phosphosilicate gel and relative humidity. Temperature dependence of conductivity showed a Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher type behavior, indicating that proton was transferred through a liquid like phase formed in micropores of phosphosilicate gel. The high conductivity of 0.065 S/cm with a membrane containing 60wt'% of the gel was obtained at 60°C at 90wt'% relative humidity. Key words: Membrane, conductivity, polypyrrole, composites, solid state.

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46

TAHER, Bilal Y., and Ahmad S. AHMAD. "EFFECT OF MOLARCONCENTRATION OF PRECURSORSON THE STRUCTURAL, OPTICALAND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF CUALS2 THIN FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE." MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 03, no. 03 (September 1, 2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8234.3-3.12.

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CuAlS2 thin films have been prepared on glass substrates by Chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at a substrate temperature (Ts) 75C, pH value 10.5.The Effect of three different molar concentration (0.05, 0.025, 0.1), (0.075, 0.0375, 0.15), and (0.1, 0.05, 0.2) M of precursors of (CuSO4.5H2O, Al2(SO4)3.16H2O, and (NH2)2CS), respectively on the structural, optical and electrical properties of deposit thin films was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the films have an amorphous structure with simple enhancement in the structure of the films with the higher molar concentration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of thin films showed that the deposited films were a good surface morphology, homogenous and uniform spherical nanoparticles over the substrate surface with very little agglomerated particles with average grain size in the range (45 to 72 nm) increase with increasing molar concentration of precursors. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the topography of deposited films has nanoparticles with structures like conical and lobes shape, with the average grain sizes, root mean square (rms) roughness, and surface roughness increase with increasing molar concentration of precursors. The optical analysis by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer showed high absorption in the ultraviolet region, with absorption edge and direct energy gaps (3.5 to 4eV) variedat different molar concentrations of precursors. The electrical results from Hall effect measurements showed that the values of resistivity, conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration were varied in range (0.046 to 0.594ohm.cm), (1.86 to 21.7(ohm.cm)-1), (301to 1510 cm2/V.S), and (3.29×1016 to 1.46×1017 cm-3), respectively .Also,n-type conductivity was investigated for all prepared film sat different molar concentration of precursors. The obtained results of the prepared CuAlS2 thin films can be suitable in many optoelectronics applications.

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Hrubiak, A. B., O. Yu Khyzhun, B. K. Ostafiychuk, V. V. Moklyak, Yu V. Yavorskyi, R. P. Lisovsky, L. G. Keush, and B. B. Onyskiv. "Nanostructured mesoporous g-Fe2O3: a novel photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.1.101-109.

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The modified sol-gel synthesis technique was used to created of nanostructured maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). It has been shown that the molar concentration of the original precursors during synthesis affects on the average particle sizes, specific surface area, pore size distributions, optical and conductivity properties. The XPS metod allowed to establish features of electronic structure of the synthesized materials. Optimal conditions for the synthesis of nanostructured maghemite with mesoporous structure were selected. The mechanism of electrical conductivity formation for synthesized mesoporous materials was established. The width of the band gap is determined and its dependence on the molar concentration of precursors is established. The positive correlation between the specific surface area of γ-Fe2O3 samples and photocatalytic activity was installed - the photocatalytic activity of synthesized γ-Fe2O3 increase with growth of specific surface area of γ-Fe2O3 samples.

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Yadav, Krishna Kumar, Anil Kumar, Mohd Kashif Aziz, Rafat Saba, Ashish Rajak, and Shekhar Srivastava. "Synthesis and Characterization of [CrLCl2]Cl Complexes (where L = S4 Macrocyclic Ligands): A Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 5 (2020): 1097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22479.

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In this study, five complexes of the type [CrLCl2]Cl [where L = S4 macrocyclic ligands] were prepared and analyzed by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and their geometry was established as octahedral.

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Srivastava, Arpit, Ashish Rajak, Ramakant, Subhash Chandra Shrivastava, Rafat Saba, and Shekhar Srivastava. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SOME Pb(II) MACROCYCLIC COMPLEXES." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 02 (2022): 1390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1526713.

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One hundred twenty complexes of Pb(II) of the type [ 1 10 Pb1 3   X2] (where X= Cl or Br or NO3 or CH3COO and 1 10 L1 3   = macrocyclic ligands derived from the condensation of trimesic acid or þthathalic acid or squaric acid with different aliphatic diamines in 2:2 molar ratio) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, Infrared and XPS i.e. X-ray photoelectron spectra data. An octahedral geometry was also established for them

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Wojnarowska, Z., G. Jarosz, A. Grzybowski, J. Pionteck, J. Jacquemin, and M. Paluch. "On the scaling behavior of electric conductivity in [C4mim][NTf2]." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 38 (2014): 20444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02253j.

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In this work we examine, for the first time, the molar conductivity behavior of the deeply supercooled room temperature ionic liquid [C₄mim][NTf₂] in the temperature, pressure and volume thermodynamic space in terms of density scaling regime (TV^γ)⁻¹ combined with the equation of state (EOS).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Molar conductivity'

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