Relevant bibliographies by topics / Molar conductivity

Academic literature on the topic 'Molar conductivity'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Molar conductivity"

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Redkin, A., Yu Zaikov, O. Tkacheva, and S. Kumkov. "Molar thermal conductivity of molten salts." Ionics 22, no. 1 (November 13, 2015): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-015-1592-y.

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C. da Silva, Débora A., Manuel J. Pinzón C., Andresa Messias, Eudes E. Fileti, Aline Pascon, Débora V. Franco, Leonardo Morais Da Silva, and Hudson G. Zanin. "Effect of conductivity, viscosity, and density of water-in-salt electrolytes on the electrochemical behavior of supercapacitors: molecular dynamics simulations and in situ characterization studies." Materials Advances 3, no. 1 (2022): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00890k.

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Molecular configurations of the 1.0 mol dm−3 and 8.0 mol dm−3 NaClO4 aqueous electrolytes, and shear viscosity and ionic conductivity as a function of the molar and molal concentrations of NaClO4 aqueous solutions.
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Huang, Yuan Ming, Fu Fang Zhou, Qing Lan Ma, Ming Meng, and Chun Xu Pan. "Effects of Dopant 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid on Conductivity of Ferric Chloride Oxidized Polypyrrole." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.682.

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The effects of dopant 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the conductivity of polypyrrole were investigated. Under the condition of fixed molar ratio of oxidant-to-monomer (0.75: 1.00), a dozen of polypyrrole samples were made from chemical polymerizing the monomer pyrrole in aqueous medium by varying the dopant-to-monomer molar ratio. It was found that the dopant affected the conductivity and particle size of the synthesized polypyrrole. A maximum value for electrical conductivity of 5575 S/m was achieved when the molar ratio of dopant: oxidant: monomer is 2.25:0.75:1.00.
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Huang, Yuan Ming, Qing Lan Ma, Bao Gai Zhai, Fu Fang Zhou, and Chun Xu Pan. "Relationship between Dopant 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid and Conductivity of Ammonium Persulfate Oxidized Polypyrrole." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.674.

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The effects of dopant 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the conductivity of polypyrrole were investigated. Being nonhygroscopic, ammonium persulfate was used as the oxidant. Under the condition of fixed molar ratio of oxidant-to-monomer (0.375:1.00), a dozen of polypyrrole samples were made from chemical polymerizing the monomer pyrrole in aqueous medium by varying the dopant-to-monomer molar ratio. It was found that the dopant affected the conductivity and particle size of the synthesized polypyrrole. A maximum value for electrical conductivity of 5575 S/m was achieved when the molar ratio of dopant: oxidant: monomer is 2.25:0.375:1.00.
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Talib, Nur Khairunnisa, Omar Nashed, Bhajan Lal, and Ouahid Ben Ghanem. "pH and electrical conductivity measurements of aqueous solutions of amino acid-based ionic." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128702018.

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Ionic liquids are promising materials for several applications. Amino acid based ionic liquids (AAILs) as a sort of a new generation of ionic liquids are recently proposed taking advantage of hydrogen bonding group and low toxicity. Three types of AAILs are examined in this work; namely 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Glycine [OMIM][Gly], 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Alanine [OMIM][Ala] and 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Proline [OMIM][Pro]. The pH and molar conductivity are measured at ambient conditions for AAILs aqueous solutions at different concentrations; specifically 1, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%. The experimental results show that all AAILs solutions are alkaline (pH>7) where [OMIM][Pro] has the highest pH compared to its counterparts. The trend is reversed for molar conductivity as [OMIM][Gly] showed the highest molar conductivity. These results are attributed to the smaller size of [Gly] compared to [Pro] and [Ala]. However, adding AAILs increases the molar conductivity of the water.
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Dimaculangan, Dianne Aubrey A., Vergel Castaneda Bungay, and Allan Nana Soriano. "Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Heavy Metal Ions (Ni3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+) at Infinite Dilution through Electrolytic Conductivity Measurements." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.72902.

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One important parameter to examine the behavior and mass transfer properties of heavy metal ions is the diffusion coefficient. Due to the costly methods of its determination, a simple process correlating the molar conductivity data to diffusion coefficient was utilized. Molar conductivity data were determined for five (5) different dilute concentrations of the chlorides of the heavy metal ions (Ni3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and Mn2+) and at temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 323.15 K. The infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of the heavy metals were estimated using the Nernst-Haskell equation and Nernst-Einstein equation. The molar conductivity and the diffusion coefficients values of the ions were in the order of Ba2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+ > Ni3+ with the Ba2+ having the highest molar conductivity with a correlated infinite dilution diffusion coefficient of 1.6565 × 10-9 m2/s at 303.15 K. This study was able to predict the values of the infinite dilution diffusion coefficient of heavy metal ions and could contribute to a better understanding of the mobility of heavy metal ions in a water environment
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Kalita, Gautam, Nashiour Rohman, and Sekh Mahiuddin. "Electrical Conductivity, Viscosity and Molar Volume of Potassium Nitrate - Sodium Nitrate in Cadmium Nitrate Tetrahydrate Melt." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 3 (1998): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97007.

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The electrical conductivities, viscosities and molar volumes of the 0·3[xKNO3+(1 – x)NaNO3]+ 0·7Cd(NO3)2.4·4H2O systems were measured as functions of temperature (293·15 ≤ T/K ≤ 363·15) and composition (x = 0·0 to 1·0 mole fraction). The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and viscosity was non-Arrhenius in nature and has been analysed by using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Both conductivity and viscosity vary non-linearly with the molar volume and have been explained by using VTF-type equations based on the free volume model. In the present system the molar volume and the intrinsic volume are additive. A significant mixed alkali effect has been observed in the normalized electrical conductivity and viscosity and in the electrical conductivity at the isofluidity condition. The variation of the electrical conductivity is governed by the mobility of the potassium ions. The onset of the mixed alkali effect has been explained by the anion polarization model.
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Mahiuddin, Sekh. "Mixed alkali effect in sodium thiocyanate–potassium thiocyanate – acetamide melt systems." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-083.

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Electrical conductivity and molar volume of the 0.25[xNaSCN + (1 −x)KSCN] + 0.75CH3CONH2 systems were measured as functions of temperature [Formula: see text] and composition (x = 0.0 – 1.0 mol fraction). Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity was non-Arrhenius in nature and has been analysed by using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Molar volume data were fitted to an equation similar to the VTF equation based on the free volume model. Molar volumes and intrinsic volumes were found to be additive in nature. Electrical conductivity isotherms deviate from linearity in different fashion for different temperature regions. The onset of the mixed alkali effect is governed by the anion polarization effect, by a contribution of the auto-dissociated molten acetamide, and by polymeric-type solvated ions. Key words: electrical conductivity, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, acetamide, mixed alkali effect.
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Tian, Guo Cai, Ding Wang, and Ya Dong Li. "Simulation of the Properties of 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Chloride/Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids: Concentration and Temperature Dependence." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.249.

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Influences of the molar fractions of AlCl3and temperature on room temperature molten salts 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Chloride /Chloroaluminate [Emim]Cl/AlCl3are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The physical and chemical properties such as density, diffusion coefficients, viscosity, conductivity of [Emim]Cl/AlCl3with different molar fraction of AlCl3are calculated. The density is obtained as 1.1744g/cm3for [Emim]Cl, which agree well with the experimental value (1.186g/cm3). It was shown that the density and conductivity increase, whereas the viscosity decreases with the increasing of molar fraction of AlCl3. The self-diffusion coefficients of [Emim]+, Cl-and AlCl3increases and the changes of self-diffusion coefficient of AlCl3is the biggest as to molar fraction increase. It is shown that the conductivity, the self-diffusion coefficient of particles all increase, and the changes of AlCl3is the biggest with the increasing of temperature, whereas the density and viscosity reduce.
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Thawarkar, Sachin, Nageshwar D. Khupse, and Anil Kumar. "Solvent-mediated molar conductivity of protic ionic liquids." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 1 (2015): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04591b.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molar conductivity"

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Tayyem, Hasan Mohammad. "Studies on new tumour active compounds with one or more metal centres." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1727.

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The present study deals with the synthesis, characterization, determination of anticancer activity of three mononuclear trans-planaraminepalladium(II) complexes code named TH5, TH6 and TH7 and three trinuclear complexes code named TH1, TH8 and TH14. The activity of the compounds against human cancer cell lines: A2780, A2780cisR and A2780ZD0473R, cell uptake, DNA-binding and nature of interaction with pBR322 plasmid DNA have been determined. Whereas cisplatin binds with DNA forming mainly intrastrand GG adduct that causes local bending of a DNA strand, TH5, TH6, TH7, TH1 and TH8 bind with DNA forming mainly interstrand GG adducts that causes more of a global change in DNA conformation. Although TH5, TH6 and TH7 each have two substituted pyridine ligands in a trans-geometry (3-hydroxypyridine in TH5, 2-hydroxypyridine in TH6 and 4-hydroxypyridine in TH7), the compounds differ in their activity against ovarian cancer cell lines, indicating that non-covalent interactions involving the hydroxyl group may be playing a significant role in activity of the compounds. Among trinuclear complexes TH1 is found to be significantly more active than cisplatin. It is actually twice as active as cisplatin against the parent cell line A2780, thirteen times as active as cisplatin against the cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780cisR and 11.5 times as active as cisplatin against the cell line A2780ZD0473R. Whereas the resistance factor for cisplatin as applied to the cell lines A2780 and A2780cisR cell lines is 12.9 that for TH1 is 1.98. The results suggest that TH1 has been able to significantly overcome resistance operating in A2780cisR cell line. The compound is soluble in water so that it may be taken orally. Provided it has favourable toxicity profile, TH1 has the potential to be developed into a highly active anticancer drug with a wider spectrum of activity than cisplatin. Although platinum drugs use a shot-gun approach to kill cancerous cells, widespread use in the clinic and increasing volume of their sale indicate that even in the genomic age, there is still need for shot-gun drugs in the clinic.
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Tayyem, Hasan Mohammad. "Studies on new tumour active compounds with one or more metal centres." Faculty of Health Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1727.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
The present study deals with the synthesis, characterization, determination of anticancer activity of three mononuclear trans-planaraminepalladium(II) complexes code named TH5, TH6 and TH7 and three trinuclear complexes code named TH1, TH8 and TH14. The activity of the compounds against human cancer cell lines: A2780, A2780cisR and A2780ZD0473R, cell uptake, DNA-binding and nature of interaction with pBR322 plasmid DNA have been determined. Whereas cisplatin binds with DNA forming mainly intrastrand GG adduct that causes local bending of a DNA strand, TH5, TH6, TH7, TH1 and TH8 bind with DNA forming mainly interstrand GG adducts that causes more of a global change in DNA conformation. Although TH5, TH6 and TH7 each have two substituted pyridine ligands in a trans-geometry (3-hydroxypyridine in TH5, 2-hydroxypyridine in TH6 and 4-hydroxypyridine in TH7), the compounds differ in their activity against ovarian cancer cell lines, indicating that non-covalent interactions involving the hydroxyl group may be playing a significant role in activity of the compounds. Among trinuclear complexes TH1 is found to be significantly more active than cisplatin. It is actually twice as active as cisplatin against the parent cell line A2780, thirteen times as active as cisplatin against the cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780cisR and 11.5 times as active as cisplatin against the cell line A2780ZD0473R. Whereas the resistance factor for cisplatin as applied to the cell lines A2780 and A2780cisR cell lines is 12.9 that for TH1 is 1.98. The results suggest that TH1 has been able to significantly overcome resistance operating in A2780cisR cell line. The compound is soluble in water so that it may be taken orally. Provided it has favourable toxicity profile, TH1 has the potential to be developed into a highly active anticancer drug with a wider spectrum of activity than cisplatin. Although platinum drugs use a shot-gun approach to kill cancerous cells, widespread use in the clinic and increasing volume of their sale indicate that even in the genomic age, there is still need for shot-gun drugs in the clinic.
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Gamero, Rafael. "Transport Coefficients during Drying of Solids containing Multicomponent Mixtures." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknisk strömningslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-28897.

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This study investigated the transport coefficients involved in mass and heat transfer during the drying of a porous solid partially saturated with multicomponent mixtures.  It included the coefficients governing liquid transport through the solid, the matrix of multicomponent diffusion coefficients in the liquid phase, and the effective thermal conductivity.  As it is not possible to determine these coefficients by theoretical considerations alone and considerable experimental work is required to determine them in a broad range of process conditions, the principle of this study has been the use of mathematical models complemented with some empirical parameters.  These empirical parameters were determined by comparison between measurements in specially designed experiments and the results of mathematical models that describe the process.  In addition, the application of the multicomponent diffusion coefficients is described in two cases where liquid diffusion is important: convective evaporation of a multicomponent stationary liquid film and a falling film. To study liquid transport through the solid, isothermal drying experiments were performed to determine the transient composition profiles and total liquid content of sand samples wetted with ternary liquid mixtures with different initial compositions and temperatures.  A mathematical model including mass transfer by capillary movement of the liquid and interactive diffusion in both the gas and liquid phases was developed.  To simulate the capillary movement of liquid mixtures, parameters experimentally determined for single liquids were weighed according to liquid composition. A fairly good agreement between theoretical and experimental liquid composition profiles was obtained considering that axial dispersion was included in the model. To study the matrix of multicomponent diffusion coefficients in the liquid phase, the redistribution of liquid composition in a partially filled tube exposed to a longitudinal temperature gradient was analysed.  Experimental work was carried out using two main ternary mixtures with different initial compositions and temperature gradients.  Experimental data were compared with the results of a theoretical model that describes the steady-state liquid composition distribution in a partially filled non-isothermal tube to find the empirical exponent that modifies the matrix of thermodynamic factors.  Correlations for the exponents as a function of temperature were determined for each particular multicomponent mixture. The effective thermal conductivity of a porous solid containing multicomponent liquid mixtures was studied by measuring the liquid composition, liquid content and temperature distributions in a cylindrical sample dried by convection from the open upper side and heated by contact with a hot source at the bottom side.  Simulations performed at a quasi steady state were compared with experiments to estimate the adjusting geometric parameter of Krischer’s model for effective thermal conductivity, which includes the contribution of the evaporation-diffusion-condensation mechanism. The results revealed that a resistance corresponding to a parallel arrangement between the phases seems to dominate in this case. In the study of the convective drying of a multicomponent stationary liquid film, the equations describing interactive mass transfer were decoupled by a similarity transformation and solved simultaneously with a conduction equation by the method of variable separation.  Variations of physical properties along the process trajectory were taken into account by a stepwise application of the solution in time intervals with averaged coefficients from previous time steps.  Despite simplifications, the analytical solution gives a good insight into the selectivity of the drying process and is computationally fast.  On the other hand, numerical simulations of the convective evaporation of the multicomponent falling liquid film into an inert gas with a co-current flow arrangement of the phases almost always revealed a transition from liquid-phase-controlled conditions to a process in which neither the gas nor the liquid completely controls the evaporation. The results obtained in this work would be useful in implementing models to improve the design, process exploration and optimisation of dryers by incorporating the solid-side effects to describe the drying of liquid mixtures along the whole process.
QC 20110124
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Plumridge, Jeffrey. "Deuterium Isotope Effects on the Limiting Molar Conductivities of Strong Aqueous Electrolytes from 25 °C to 325 °C at 20 MPa." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7736.

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State of the art conductivity equipment has been used to measure deuterium isotope effects on the molar conductivity of strong electrolytes in the temperature range of 298 K to 598 K as a means of exploring solvation effects under hydrothermal conditions. Individual ionic contributions were determined by extrapolation of published transference number data to elevated temperature. The temperature dependence of the Walden product ratio indicates that there is little difference in the transport of ions between light and heavy water . Excess conductivity observed in hydrogen and deuterium compounds arising from proton hopping in hydrogen-bonded networks has been determined in the temperature range of 318 K to 598 K for the first time
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Book chapters on the topic "Molar conductivity"

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Nahian, M. K., A. N. Ahmed, P. S. Shinde, and R. G. Reddy. "Conductivity of AlCl3-BMIC Ionic Liquid Mixtures Containing TiCl4 at Different Temperatures and Molar Ratios." In TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 1017–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_90.

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Leão Ferreira, Ivaldo, José Adilson de Castro, and Amauri Garcia. "On the Determination of Molar Heat Capacity of Transition Elements: From the Absolute Zero to the Melting Point." In Recent Advances on Numerical Simulations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96880.

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Molar specific heat is one of the most important thermophysical properties to determine the sensible heat, heat of transformation, enthalpy, entropy, thermal conductivity, and many other physical properties present in several fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, metallurgy, and engineering. Recently, a model was proposed to calculate the Density of State by limiting the total number of modes by solid–liquid and solid–solid phase nucleation and by the entropy associated with phase transition. In this model, the new formulation of Debye’s equation encompasses the phonic, electronic, and rotational energies contributions to the molar heat capacity of the solids. Anomalies observed in the molar specific heat capacity, such as thermal, magnetic, configurational transitions, and electronic, can be treated by their transitional entropies. Model predictions are compared with experimental scatter for transitional elements.
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Panigrahi, Muktikanta, and Basudam Adhikari. "Inorganic Acid Doped Polyaniline Based Carbon Monoxide (Co) Sensor." In Polyaniline based Composite for Gas Sensors, 202–30. IOR PRESS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ioriip2128.

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Simple in situ chemical oxidation method was employed to prepare different molar of HCl doped DL−PLA/PANI composites using AnHCl as precursor. Surface morphology, ATR−FTIR, UV–Visible, and band gap were studied. PANI nanowires with different diameter and smooth surface were observed for composites. The lowest direct band gap was found to be 1.68 eV for 2 (M) HCl doped DL−PLA/PANI. DC conductivity at room temperature was measured and followed the ohmic behaviour. The calculated highest DC conductivity at room temperature was found to be 0.1628 × 10−2 (S/cm) for 2 (M) HCl doped DL−PLA/PANI. Temperature variation (70−300 K) DC conductivity without magnetic field of as prepared composites was analysed using linear four probe techniques and showed semiconducting nature. The conductivity in the range of temperature (70−300 K) follows 3D VRH hopping mechanism. In kivelson model, the exponents are increased with increasing dopant concentration and was obeyed the power law. MR of the prepared DL−PLA/PANI composite films is strongly dependent on temperature, magnetic field, and concentration of HCl dopant. Negative MR is discussed in terms of a wave function−shrinkage effect on hopping conduction. In addition, we were discussed the response of carbon monoxide (CO) gas with polyaniline-based sensor materials.
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Ganvir, V. Y., H. V. Ganvir, and R. S. Gedam. "Physical, Electrical and Dielectric Investigation of Neodymium Doped Lithium Borosilicate Glasses." In Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment - Part 2, 237–51. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049961122020015.

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In the present research work, melt-quench technique was employed for synthesis of Nd2O3 doped lithium borosilicate glasses having general system 30Li2O- (70-x) [1/7SiO2:6/7B2O3]-xNd2O3. Electrical conductivity of produced samples was tested in frequency band of 2mHz to 20MHz at 423K to 673K, using Impedance Analyser. Impedance data was used for scaling which shows that the process of conduction is based on the composition and not on the temperature. The inclusion of neodymium oxide in the lithium borosilicate glass affects molar volume, density and various physical properties like Ion concentration, ionic radius. The electrical modulus data obtained from impedance analyser was utilized to study relaxation behaviour of the samples. In the temperature band, 423-673 K, the variance of the dielectric loss (Tan δ), dielectric constant (ε’) and ac conductivity (σ’) with frequency was measured using impedance spectroscopy and discussed at length.
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Kthiri, Khouloud, Mohammed Mehnaoui, Samira Jebahi, Khaled Boughzala, and Mustapha Hidouri. "Ionic Conductivity of Strontium Fluoroapatites Co-doped with Lanthanides." In Mineralogy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102410.

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Britholites derivatives of apatite’s that contain lanthanium and neodymium in the serial compounds Sr8La2−xNdx(PO4)4(SiO4)2F2 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 were subject of the present investigation. The solid state reaction was the route of preparing these materials. Several techniques were employed for the analysis and characterization of the synthesized powders. The chemical analysis results indicated that molar ratio Sr+La+NdP+Si was of about 1.67 value of a stoichiometric powder. The X-ray diffraction data showed single-phase apatites crystallizing in hexagonal structure with P63/m space group were successively obtained. Moreover, the substitution of lanthanium by neodymium in strontium phosphosilicated fluorapatite was total. This was confirmed by the a and c lattice parameters contraction when (x) varies coherently to the sizes of the two cations. The infrared spectroscopy and the 31P NMR (MAS) exhibited the characteristic bands of phosphosilicated fluorapatite. The pressureless sintering of the material achieved a maximum of 89% relative density. The sintered specimens indicated that the Nd content as well as the heating temperature affected the ionic conduction of the materials and the maximum was 1.73 × 10−6 S cm−1 obtained at 1052 K for x = 2.
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Conference papers on the topic "Molar conductivity"

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Gawne, D. T., Y. Bao, and T. Zhang. "Variation in Molar Mass of Polymers During Thermal Spray Deposition." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0846.

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Abstract This paper investigates the degradation of polymers during thermal spraying with special reference to the changes in molar mass. A study is carried out on the degradation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) during plasma spraying. The infrared spectroscopy showed that the coating did not lead to any significant chemical reactions. However, the gel permeation chromatography measurement revealed larger changes in the molar mass with a decrease of up to 70% in the average numerical molar mass of the PMMA. The results show that increasing the arc power resulted in a substantial increase in degradation. Because of the extremely low thermal conductivity of polymers, the magnitude of these effects becomes even worse. The results indicate that it is important to consider molar mass measurements along with spectroscopic analysis when characterizing thermally sprayed polymer coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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Huang, Xiao. "Reducing Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic Materials Through Alloying." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82116.

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For gas turbines and advanced nuclear power reactors, ceramic materials are used to provide thermal insulation to metallic components. Reducing the thermal conductivity of these ceramic materials allows further decrease in either metal surface temperature or thickness of the insulating materials. In this paper, our past research on the effects of oxide dopants is summarized with a focus on thermal properties. Metal oxides of different valence, ionic radius, and mass were incorporated into yttria partially stabilized zirconia (7 wt% Y2O3-ZrO2) using mechanical alloying process. The powder blends were consolidated using sintering and plasma spraying. The oxides investigated included trivalent Yb2O3, Sc2O3 and Cr2O3, tetravalent CeO2 and TiO2, and pentavalent Nb2O5 and Ta2O5. While all oxides provided improvement to thermal conductivity reduction, the most significant effect on reducing the thermal conductivity of 7YSZ was found by using trivalent oxides. Furthermore, the effect of dopant was also heavily influenced by the molar percentage of dopants.
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Hanibah, Hussein, Azizan Ahmad, and Nur Hasyareeda Hassan. "Studies on the molar conductivity behavior of PMMA-co-MA electrolyte solution at different polymer concentrations." In THE 2014 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2014 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4895211.

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Hanibah, H., N. Z. Nor Hashim, and I. J. Shamsudin. "Molar conductivity behavior of ionic liquid compare to inorganic salt in electrolyte solution at ambien temperature." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS” (FAIA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4999877.

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Harish, B. M., M. P. Rajeeva, C. S. Naveen, V. S. Chaturmukha, B. S. Avinash, H. S. Jayanna, and Ashok R. Lamani. "Effect of oxidizer to fuel molar ratio on particle size and DC conductivity of CeO2 nanoparticles." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2015): Proceeding of International Conference on Condensed Matter and Applied Physics. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4946479.

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Chen, Ken S., and Michael A. Hickner. "A New Constitutive Model for Predicting Proton Conductivity in Polymer Electrolytes." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60848.

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A new constitutive model relating proton conductivity to water content in a polymer electrolyte or membrane is presented. Our constitutive model is based on Faraday’s law and the Nernst-Einstein equation; and it depends on the molar volumes of dry membrane and water but otherwise requires no adjustable parameters. We derive our constitutive model in two different ways. Predictions of proton conductivity as a function of membrane water content computed from our constitutive model are compared with that from a representative correlation and other models as well as experimental data from the literature and those obtained in our laboratory using a 4-point probe.
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Kim, Yongmin, Jung Hyun Kim, Gyujong Bae, and Joongmyeon Bae. "Study of the Change of Electrical Conductivity of Ni-YSZ Cermet Caused by Carbon Formation." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85076.

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The change in electrical conductivity of Ni-YSZ cermet used for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode was investigated under methane, ethylene and n-butane feeding. Rectangular-shaped pellets have been prepared and exposed to gaseous mixtures including hydrocarbons and nitrogen with or without steam at 750 °C. In the absence of steam, carbon deposition occurred in the Ni-YSZ pellets and consequently the electrical conductivity decreased exponentially. When steam was fed (steam to carbon ratio = 2) to make carbon formation thermodynamically unfavorable, the electrical conductivity was kept constant, except for supplying butane. The effect of the mole fraction of methane on the change of electrical conductivity was also investigated in the CH4-N2 system. When the molar concentration was increased, the rate of decrease of electrical conductivity was increased. The present study helps to understand the effect of carbon deposition on the electrical conductivity of Ni-YSZ anode.
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8

Mobinipouya, Neda, and Omid Mobinipouya. "On the Heat Transfer Enhancement of Turbulent Gas Floes in Short Round Tubes Engaging a Light Gas Mixed With Selected Heavier Gases." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58136.

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A unique way for maximizing turbulent free convection from heated vertical plates to cold gases is studied in this paper. The central idea is to examine the attributes that binary gas mixtures having helium as the principal gas and xenon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane, tetrafluoromethane and sulfur hexafluoride as secondary gases may bring forward. From fluid physics, it is known that the thermo-physical properties affecting free convection with binary gas mixtures are viscosity ηmix, thermal conductivity λmix, density ρmix, and heat capacity at constant pressure. The quartet ηmix, λmix, ρmix, and Cp,mix is represented by triple-valued functions of the film temperature the pressure P, and the molar gas composition w. The viscosity is obtained from the Kinetic Theory of Gases conjoined with the Chapman-Enskog solution of the Boltzmann Transport Equation. The thermal conductivity is computed from the Kinetic Theory of Gases. The density is determined with a truncated virial equation of state. The heat capacity at constant pressure is calculated from Statistical Thermodynamics merged with the standard mixing rule. Using the similarity variable method, the descriptive Navier-Stokes and energy equations for turbulent Grashof numbers Grx > 109 are transformed into a system of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which is solved by the shooting method and the efficient fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm. The numerical temperature fields T(x, y) for the five binary gas mixtures He-Xe, He-N2, He-O2, He-CO2, He-CH4, He-CF4 and He-SF6 are channeled through the allied mean convection coefficient hmix/B varying with the molar gas composition w in proper w-domain [0, 1]. For the seven binary gas mixtures utilized, the allied mean convection coefficient hmix/B versus the molar gas composition w is graphed in congruous diagrams. At a low film temperature Tf = 300 K, the global maximum allied mean convection coefficient hmix,max/B = 85 is furnished by the He-SF6 gas mixture at an optimal molar gas composition wopt = 0.93. The global maximum allied mean convection coefficient hmix,max/B = 57 is supplied by pure methane gas SF6 (w = 1) at a high film temperature Tf = 1000 K instead of the He-SF6 gas mixture.
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9

Abbas, Ghazanfar, Rizwan Raza, Muhammad Ashraf Chaudhry, and Bin Zhu. "Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite Calcium Doped Ceria Electrolyte With Alkali Carbonates (NK-CDC) for SOFC." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33325.

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The entire world’s challenge is to find out the renewable energy sources due to rapid depletion of fossil fuels because of their high consumption. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are believed to be the best alternative source which converts chemical energy into electricity without combustion. Nanostructured study is required to develop highly ionic conductive electrolyte for SOFCs. In this work, the calcium doped ceria (Ce0.8Ca0.2O1.9) coated with 20% molar ratio of two alkali carbonates (CDC-M: MCO3, where M = Na and K) electrolyte was prepared by co-precipitation method in this study. Ni based electrode was used to fabricate the cell by dry pressing technique. The crystal structure and surface morphology was characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The particle size was calculated in the range of 10–20nm by Scherrer’s formula and compared with SEM and TEM results. The ionic conductivity was measured by using AC Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method. The activation energy was also evaluated. The performance of the cell was measured 0.567W/cm2 at temperature 550°C with hydrogen as a fuel.
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10

Toplan, N., F. Ustel, H. O. Toplan, and G. Erdogan. "Mullite-Zircon Thermal Barrier Coating Production by Plasma Spraying Process." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p1001.

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Abstract Zircon (ZrSiO4) is a technologically important oxide ceramic material known for its high refractoriness and chemical stability. It shows excellent thermal shock resistance as a result of its very low thermal expansion coefficient and a low heat conductivity coefficient. Plasma spraying is a convenient method to produce large area coatings with high growth rates, necessary for many applications. ZrSiO4 is among the least expensive spraying materials for refractory applications. In this study, a single-step process was used to prepare mullite/zirconia ceramic composites by plasma spraying zircon/alumina mixtures. Mixtures of ZrSiO4 and Al2O3 powders with Al2O3 to SiO2 molar ratios of 3:2 were milled for 2 h in a zirconia medium using a ball mill. The as–milled powders were dried in the furnace and sintered at 1300 and 1350 °C for 2h then crushed to a size less than 100 μm. The powders were sprayed by an atmospheric plasma spray gun (Metco 3MB) using C/C+SiC ceramic matrix composite substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the microstructures of the powders and plasma coatings. The phase composition analysis of the powder showed the presence of alumina and zircon. After plasma coating, alumina, zircon, and zirconia phases were determined.
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