Academic literature on the topic 'Moisture Loss'
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Journal articles on the topic "Moisture Loss"
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Branson, Richard D. "Preventing Moisture Loss From Intubated Patients." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 7, no. 4 (2000): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00045413-200007040-00004.
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Wang, J., R. K. Dhir, and M. Levitt. "Membrane curing of concrete: Moisture loss." Cement and Concrete Research 24, no. 8 (1994): 1463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)90160-0.
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Mullinix, Benjamin, Bryan Maw, and Steve Lahue. "Modelling Moisture Loss of Onions in Storage Using Moisture Loss Information Obtained from Individually Measured Onions." HortScience 32, no. 4 (1997): 598A—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.598a.
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Vidalia onions were grown following recommended cultural practices in 1994-1996 and they were harvested at early, optimum, or late maturity. After onions were cured for various lengths of time, a random sample of onions was marked for individual measurement. All onions were placed into either low or high humidity A/C controlled storage for up to 30 weeks. Onions were removed as they showed signs of being rotten. Initially, and every 2 weeks thereafter, weight and grade data were collected from individual onions and in bulk from other onions. There were up to 96 treatment combinations each year. Using individual onion data, simulation of the weight loss of the bulked onions was done. Although over 5,000 onions were involved, individual measurements were taken on only 1,920 onions over the 3 years. Five simulations were conducted using parameters derived from individual onion data. Results of the simulations resembled the actual weight loss trends within the specified 90% confidence range.
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Sun, Congjian, Sitong Meng, and Wei Chen. "Fluctuations of continuous soil moisture evaporation under different rainfall conditions during the growing period of the non-monsoon season, the eastern Loess Plateau." PeerJ 12 (November 22, 2024): e18514. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18514.
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Soil moisture is an important link between material and energy exchange between the land and atmosphere, and its evaporation loss is crucial to sustainable development of agriculture. Based on observations of long-term stable isotopes of soil moisture in the eastern Loess Plateau (ECLP) during the non-rainy season growing period, this study systematically explored soil water evaporation loss at different soil depths using the Craig–Gordon model and revealed the internal relationship between soil evaporation loss and environmental elements. Main findings included: (1) The soil moisture content showed a gradual decreasing trend, with a weak soil moisture δ18O fluctuation appearing in April, whereas a stronger fluctuation was observed in June. (2) A significant vertical spatial heterogeneity was observed in soil moisture δ18O of each soil layer. Enriched soil moisture δ18O values appeared in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and the minimum value appeared in the 40–60 cm soil layer. (3) A significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity was observed in the soil moisture evaporation loss fraction (f) (0–23.35%), with weaker values at the beginning of the study period and larger values between mid-late May and mid-June. The largest soil evaporation loss was observed in the 0–20 cm soil layer (average value of 8.97%), a fluctuating decreasing trend appeared with increasing soil depth. (4) Regional soil moisture evaporation loss was positively correlated with regional air temperature (T) and potential evapotranspiration (ET0) and negatively correlated with soil water content (SWC) and relative humidity (RH). The correlation between soil moisture evaporation loss and environmental elements gradually weakened with increasing soil depth. (5) The environmentally driven model of continuous evaporation of soil moisture was suitable for larger amounts, especially for the surface soil layers. The results of this study have important implications for water resource management, ecosystem stability, and sustainable regional agriculture in the ECLP.
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DINCER, IBRAHIM. "Moisture Loss from Wood Products During Drying—Part I: Moisture Diffusivities and Moisture Transfer Coefficients." Energy Sources 20, no. 1 (1998): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319808970044.
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Fu, Zongying, Jiaxing Chen, Yongyue Zhang, Feifan Xie, and Yun Lu. "Review on Wood Deformation and Cracking during Moisture Loss." Polymers 15, no. 15 (2023): 3295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153295.
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Wood, being a natural hygroscopic material, the interaction between wood and moisture plays a crucial role in wood processing and utilization. Moisture affects the physical and mechanical properties of wood, and is also one of the main external factors that cause wood deformation and cracking. Drying shrinkage is a common phenomenon during the processing and utilization of wood induced by moisture loss. Drying stress is the main cause of wood deformation and cracking. The shrinkage differential between tangential and radial direction and moisture content gradient of wood are two reasons induced the generation of drying stresses. In this review, the existing states of moisture in wood and the interaction between water molecules and wood components were systematically summarized. The current research progress and deficiencies in three aspects including the factors resulted in deformation and cracking in wood caused by moisture loss, the correlation between wood mechanical properties and moisture, as well as the development of deformation and cracking in wood under moisture loss were discussed. This review aims to facilitate further research on the deformation and cracking of wood under moisture loss by providing valuable insights and assistance, ultimately reducing the occurrence of wood deformation and cracking. And thus, it will enhance the overall utilization of wood resources, making wood better serve human life.
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Rao, Sudhakar M., and Monica Rekapalli. "Examining Thermodynamic Changes During Soil Moisture Loss." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 39, no. 5 (2021): 4009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01739-6.
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Savel’ev, Yu A., O. N. Kuharev, N. P. Larjushin, P. A. Ishkin, and Yu M. Dobrynin. "Soil moisture loss reduction owing to evaporation." Agricultural machinery and technologies 12, no. 1 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-1-42-47.
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S. E. Prussia, R. L. Shewfelt, M. S. Chinnan, and R. B. Beverly. "MOISTURE LOSS EFFECTS ON SOUTHERN PEA COLOR." Transactions of the ASAE 33, no. 5 (1990): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31519.
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Maw, B. W., and B. G. Mullinix. "Moisture loss of sweet onions during curing." Postharvest Biology and Technology 35, no. 2 (2005): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.04.008.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Moisture Loss"
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Tickes, Barry R. "Moisture Loss from Uncovered Stored Alfalfa." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201021.
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Moisture loss from stacked alfalfa was measured at various times of the year and at various baling moistures. Total moisture loss over two month time periods varied from 4.5% to 8.3% with considerable fluctuation occurring due to environmental conditions.
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Theron, Jacobus Adriaan. "Moisture loss studies in Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97918.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The export of Japanese plums from South Africa is challenging. Exporting late season plums require fruit to last as long as 8 weeks in cold-storage. Prolonged storage periods can cause some cultivars to develop a shrivelled appearance due to moisture loss. Moisture loss from perishable commodities manifests mainly as shrivelling due to a loss in the turgidity of the surface cells of the fruit, or weight loss.
‘African DelightTM’ (highly susceptible to shrivel), ‘Laetitia’ (shrivel susceptible), ‘Sapphire’ (shrivel susceptible) and ‘Songold’ (not shrivel susceptible) plums were investigated by means of fluorescent microscopy for cracks and openings in the fruit peel. Only ‘African DelightTM’ had open hairline cracks in its peel, and fruit with wider cracks were associated with higher water vapour permeabilities. Open lenticels were found in the peels of ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’ and ‘Sapphire’ plums. For ‘Songold’ no peel cracking or open lenticels were observed. The fact that the cuticle of this cultivar is mostly intact may be the reason why it is not susceptible to postharvest shrivel manifestation.
The water vapour permeance of the fruit peel determines how easily fruit lose moisture. In this study it was determined to what extent fruit, trees, orchards, harvest date and cultivar contribute to the total variation in plum peel water vapour permeability. The permeabilities of ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’, and ‘Songold’ were determined weekly from 4 weeks before harvest until post optimum maturity. Fruit to fruit variation made the largest contribution towards the total variation (> 45%), followed by harvest date (> 20%) and orchard (> 15%) effects. The permeability across all cultivars increased two-fold as fruit became over mature. The contribution of cultivar differences to fruit peel permeability varied greatly between seasons (42% in 2013/2014 and 5% in 2014/2015). Differences between cultivars may include cuticle thickness and composition, micro cracks in the peel and/or open lenticels.
Current handling protocols suggest that fruit should be cooled as soon as possible after harvest, but this is not always possible. ‘African DelightTM’ plums were exposed to various handling scenarios in order to determine the handling protocol with the least risk of moisture loss. The control consisted of packaging and cooling the fruit within 6 h of harvest. Fruit quality was comparable or even better than the control when the fruit were pre-cooled to 0 °C and 15 °C for up to 72 h. High vapour pressure deficits caused fruit to lose more moisture, especially when fruit were exposed to ambient temperatures for 48 h and 72 h. It is recommended that handling protocols for plums should be followed stringently in order to reduce mass loss and shrivel manifestation.
Since other studies found that silicate (Si) has positive effects on fruit quality, we applied potassium silicate preharvest to ‘African DelightTM’ trees. However, we did not find significant differences between treatments regarding crack width or crack incidence in the fruit peel, shrivel, decay, internal browning, gel breakdown or aerated tissue levels. Currently preharvest potassium silicate applications are not recommended to improve plum quality.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die uitvoer van die Japanese pruime uit Suid-Afrika is 'n uitdaging, omrede daar verwag word dat laatseisoen kultivars tot 8 weke in koelopberging moet bly. Lang opbergingsperiodes veroorsaak dat sommige kultivars 'n verrimpelde voorkoms ontwikkel a.g.v. vogverlies. Vogverlies uit vars produkte manifesteer hoofsaaklik as verrimpeling a.g.v. 'n verlies in die turgiditeit van die selle in en onder die vrugskil, en as massaverlies.
‘African DelightTM’ (hoogs vatbaar vir verrimpeling), ‘Laetitia’ (vatbaar vir verrimpeling), ‘Sapphire’ (vatbaar vir verrimpeling) en ‘Songold’ (nie vatbaar vir verrimpeling) pruime is ondersoek deur middel van fluoressensie mikroskopie vir krake en openinge in die vrugskil. Slegs ‘African DelightTM’ het oop haarlyn krake in sy skil gehad en vrugte met wyer krake het ʼn hoër waterdamp deurlaatbaarheid gehad. Oop lentiselle is gevind in die skille van ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’ en ‘Sapphire’ pruime. ‘Songold’ het geen krake of oop lentiselle getoon nie. Die feit dat ‘Songold’ se kutikula meestal ongeskonde was, mag die rede wees waarom hierdie kultivar nie vatbaar vir verrimpeling is nie.
Die waterdamp deurlaatbaarheid van 'n vrugskil bepaal hoe maklik vrugte vog verloor. In hierdie studie is bepaal tot watter mate vrugte, bome, boorde, oesdatum en kultivar bydra tot die totale variasie in die pruimskil se waterdamp deurlaatbaarheid. Die deurlaatbaarheid van ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’, en ‘Songold’ is weekliks bepaal vanaf 4 weke voor die verwagte oesdatum tot die vrugte oorryp was. Vrug tot vrug variasie het die grootste bydrae tot die totale variasie gemaak (> 45%), gevolg deur oesdatum (> 20%) en boord (> 15%). Die skildeurlaatbaarheid van al die kultivars het verdubbel in die tyd van net voor oes tot die vrugte oorryp was. Die kultivar se bydrae tot die deurlaatbaarheid van die vrugskil het baie gewissel tussen seisoene (42% in 2013/2014 en 5% in 2014/2015). Verskille in skil-deurlaatbaarheid tussen kultivars kan kutikula-dikte en -samestelling, mikro-krake in die skil en/of oop lentiselle insluit.
Huidige hanteringsprotokolle stel voor dat vrugte so spoedig moontlik afgekoel word na oes, maar dit is nie altyd moontlik nie. In hierdie studie is 'African DelightTM' pruime is blootgestel aan verskeie hantering scenario's om die hanteringsprotokol met die laagste risiko vir vogverlies te bepaal. Die kontrole vrugte is gepak en onder geforseerde verkoeling geplaas binne 6 ure na oes. Vrugkwaliteit was vergelykbaar of selfs beter in vergelyking met die kontrole wanneer die vrugte voorverkoel is tot 0 °C en 15 °C vir tot 72 uur. Hoë dampdrukverskille het veroorsaak dat vrugte meer vog verloor, veral wanneer vrugte aan kamertemperatuur blootgestel was vir 48 h en 72 h na oes. Dit word aanbeveel dat hanteringsprotokolle vir pruime streng gevolg moet word om massaverlies en verrimpeling te beperk.
Aangesien ander studies gevind het dat silikaat (Si) ‘n positiewe uitwerking op vrugkwaliteit het, het ons kaliumsilikaat vooroes aan ‘African DelightTM’ bome toegedien. Daar was egter geen beduidende verskille tussen behandelings met betrekking tot kraakbreedte of kraakvoorkoms in die vrugskil of t.o.v. gehalte eienskappe soos die voorkoms van verrimpeling, bederf, interne verbruining, gelverval of deurlugte weefsel nie. Tans word voor-oes kaliumsilikaat spuite nie aanbeveel om pruimkwaliteit te verbeter nie.
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Bellett-Travers, David Marcus. "Water relations and soil moisture requirements of transplanted amenity trees during establishment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251544.
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Bell, P. "Heat and moisture transfer through cavity wall constructions under simulated winter conditions." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374500.
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Arepalli, Uma Maheswar. "A Study of Moisture Induced Material Loss of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/409.
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"Susceptibility of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixes to moisture induced damage is one of the main reasons for premature failures of asphalt pavements. Hence, the evaluation of mixes for the moisture susceptibility is an essential part of the mix design. The existing methods are found to be in-sufficient to characterize mixes in terms of their moisture damage potential, and many studies have been conducted to establish an improved methodology that can better address the issue. Most of these methods involve the determination of changes in mix properties due to moisture conditioning in the laboratory or to verify the mix performance in the field or the laboratory. In the field moisture susceptible mixes are also found to lose material to extents that are dependent upon the properties of the mix and materials. So far, there has been no comprehensive study to investigate the loss of materials due to moisture induced damage. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate a conditioning and a test method that can be used on a regular basis to detect moisture susceptible mixes and to understand the combined problem of moisture induced material loss and change in strength/stiffness of the mix. The Moisture Induced Stress Tester (MIST), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), Dynamic Modulus in Indirect tensile mode, and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests were utilized in the study. The effluent from the MIST was checked for the gradation of dislodged aggregates and the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) content. A system dynamics (SD) approach was also adopted to investigate the problem and establish a model to reproduce field observations. The results showed that the use of MIST in combination with UPV or ITS is able to identify moisture susceptible mixes, in particular for mixes with the potential of aggregate breakdown. The mixes with a higher loss of asphalt binder during conditioning exhibit higher tensile strengths, and those with a loss of finer materials, which is indicative of aggregate breakdown, show a lower tensile strength. For the mixes used in this study, the rate of change in indirect tensile strength during moisture conditioning was found to be strongly correlated to the pre-conditioning modulus of the mix. A step-by-step framework to characterize the moisture susceptible mixes was presented."
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Abdullah, Wan Mohammad H. W. "The effect of moisture loss on the mechanical and sensory properties of carrots." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239066.
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Ngcobo, Mduduzi Elijah Khulekani. "Resistance to airflow and moisture loss of table grapes inside multi-scale packaging." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80192.
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Thesis (PhD(Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Postharvest quality of fresh table grapes is usually preserved through cooling using cold air. However, cooling efficiencies are affected by the multi-scale packaging that is commercially used for handling grapes after harvest. There is usually spatial temperature variability of grapes that often results in undesirable quality variations during postharvest handling and marketing. This heterogeneity of grape berry temperature inside multi-packages is largely due to uneven cold airflow patterns that are caused by airflow resistance through multi-package components. The aims of this study were therefore to conduct an in-depth experimental investigation of the contribution of grape multi-packaging components to total airflow resistance, cooling rates and patterns of grapes inside the different commercially used multi-packages, and to assess the effects of these multi-packages on table grape postharvest quality attributes. A comprehensive study of moisture loss from grapes during postharvest storage and handling, as well as a preliminary investigation of the applicability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling in predicting the transport phenomena of heat and mass transfer of grapes during cooling and cold storage in multi-packages were included in this study.
Total pressure drop through different table grapes packages were measured and the percentage contribution of each package component and the fruit bulk were determined. The liner films contributed significantly to total pressure drop for all the package combinations studied, ranging from 40.33±1.15% for micro-perforated liner film to 83.34±2.13 % for non-perforated liner film. The total pressure drop through the grape bulk (1.40±0.01 % to 9.41±1.23 %) was the least compared to the different packaging combinations with different levels of liner perforation. The cooling rates of grapes in the 4.5 kg multi-packaging were significantly (P<0.05) slower than that of grapes in 5 kg punnet multi-packaging, where the 4.5 kg box resulted in a seven-eighths cooling time of 30.30-46.14% and 12.69-25.00% more than that of open-top and clamshell punnet multi-packages, respectively. After 35 days in cold storage at -0.5°C, grape bunches in the 5 kg punnet box combination (open-top and clamshell) had weight loss of 2.01 – 3.12%, while the bunches in the 4.5 kg box combination had only 1.08% weight loss. During the investigation of the effect of different carton liners on the cooling rate and quality attributes of ‘Regal seedless’ table grapes in cold storage, the non-perforated liner films maintained relative humidity (RH) close to 100 %. This high humidity inside non-perforated liner films resulted in delayed loss of stem quality but significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the incidence of SO2 injury and berry drop during storage compared to perforated liners. The perforated liners improved fruit cooling rates but significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced RH. The low RH in perforated liners also resulted in an increase in stem dehydration and browning compared to non-perforated liners.
The moisture loss rate from grapes packed in non-perforated liner films was significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to the moisture loss rate from grapes packed in perforated liner films (120 x 2 mm and 36 x 4 mm). The effective moisture diffusivity values for stem parts packed in non-perforated liner films were lower than the values obtained for stem parts stored without packaging liners, and varied from 5.06x10-14 to 1.05x10-13 m2s-1. The dehydration rate of stem parts was inversely proportional to the size (diameter) of the stem parts. Dehydration rate of stems exposed (without liners) to circulating cold air was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the dehydration rates of stems packed in non-perforated liner film. Empirical models were successfully applied to describe the dehydration kinetics of the different parts of the stem. The potential of cold storage humidification in reducing grape stem dehydration was investigated. Humidification delayed and reduced the rate of stem dehydration and browning; however, it increased SO2 injury incidence on table grape bunches and caused wetting of the packages.
The flow phenomenon during cooling and handling of packed table grapes was also studied using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model and validated using experimental results. There was good agreement between measured and predicted results. The result demonstrated clearly the applicability of CFD models to determine optimum table grape packaging and cooling procedures.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Naoes kwaliteit van vars tafeldruiwe word gewoonlik behou deur middel van verkoeling van die produk met koue lug. Ongelukkig word die effektiwiteit van dié verkoeling beïnvloed deur die multivlakverpakking wat kommersieel gebruik word vir die naoes hantering van druiwe. Daar is gewoonlik ruimtelike variasie in die temperatuur van die druiwe wat ongewenste variasie in die kwaliteit van die druiwe veroorsaak tydens naoes hantering en bemarking. Die heterogene druiwetemperature binne die multivlakverpakkings word grootliks veroorsaak deur onegalige lugvloeipatrone van die koue lug as gevolg van die weerstand wat die verskillende komponente van die multivlakverpakkings teen lugvloei bied. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om ‘n indiepte eksperimentele ondersoek te doen om die bydrae van multivlakverpakking op totale lugvloeiweerstand, verkoelingstempo’s en –patrone van druiwe binne kommersieël gebruikte multivlakverpakkings te ondersoek, asook die effek van die multivalkverpakking op die naoes kwaliteit van druiwe te bepaal. ‘n Omvattende studie van vogverlies van druiwe tydens naoes opberging en hantering, asook ‘n voorlopige ondersoek na die bruikbaarheid van ‘n berekende vloei dinamika (BVD) model om die bewegingsfenomeen van hitte en massa oordrag van druiwe tydens verkoeling en koelopberging in multivlakverpakkings te voorspel, was ook by die studie ingesluit. Die totale drukverskil deur verskillende tafeldruif verpakkingssisteme is gemeet en die persentasie wat deur elke verpakkingskomponent en die vruglading bygedra is, is bereken. Van al die verpakkingskombinasies wat gemeet is, het die voeringfilms betekenisvol tot die totale drukverskil bygedra, en het gewissel van 40.33±1.15% vir die mikro geperforeerde voeringfilm tot 83.34±2.13 % vir die nie-geperforeerde voeringfilm. Die totale drukverskil oor die druiflading (1.40±0.01 % to 9.41±1.23 %) was die minste in vergelyking met die verskillende verpakkingskombinasies met die verskillende vlakke van voeringperforasies.
Die verkoelingstempos van die druiwe in die 4.5 kg multiverpakking was betekenisvol (P<0.05) stadiger as vir die druiwe in die 5 kg handmandjie (‘punnet’) multiverpakking. Die 4.5 kg karton het ‘n seweagstes verkoelingstyd van 30.30-46.14% en 12.69-25.00% langer, respektiewelik, as oop-vertoon en toeslaan-‘punnet’ multiverpakkings gehad. Na 35 dae van koelopberging by -0.5°C het druiwetrosse in die 5 kg ‘punnet’-kartonkombinasies (oop-vertoon en toeslaan-’punnet’) ‘n massaverlies van 2.01 – 3.12% gehad, terwyl die trosse in die 4.5 kg kartonkombinasie slegs ‘n 1.08% massaverlies gehad het.
In die ondersoek na die effek van verskillende kartonvoerings op die verkoelingstempo en kwaliteitseienskappe van ‘Regal seedless’ tafeldruiwe tydens koelopbering, het die nie-geperforeerde kartonvoerings ‘n relatiewe humiditeit (RH) van byna 100 % gehandhaaf. Hierdie hoë humiditeit in die nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms het ‘n verlies in stingelkwaliteit vertraag, maar het die voorkoms van SO2-skade en loskorrels betekenisvol (P < 0.05) verhoog in vergelyking met geperforeerde voerings. Die geperforeerde voerings het vrugverkoelingstempos verbeter, maar het die RH betekenisvol (P ≤ 0.05) verlaag. Die lae RH in die geperforeerde voerings het gelei tot ‘n verhoging in stingeluitdroging en –verbruining in vergelyking met die nie-geperforeerde voerings. Die vogverliestempo uit druiwe verpak in nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms was betekenisvol (P<0.05) stadiger in vergelyking met druiwe verpak in geperforeerde voeringfilms (120 x 2 mm and 36 x 4 mm). Die effektiewe vogdiffusiewaardes vir stingelgedeeltes verpak in nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms was stadiger as vir stingelgedeeltes wat verpak is sonder verpakkingsvoerings, en het gevarieer van 5.06x10-14 – 1.05x10-13 m2s-1. Die uitdrogingstempo van stingelgedeeltes was omgekeerd eweredig aan die grootte (deursnit) van die stingelgedeeltes. Die uitdrogingstempo van stingels wat blootgestel was (sonder voerings) aan sirkulerende koue lug was betekenisvol (P<0.05) hoër as die uitdrogingstempos van stingels wat verpak was in nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms. Empiriese modelle is gebruik om die uitdrogingskinetika van die verskillende stingelgedeeltes te beskryf.
Die potensiaal van koelkamer humidifisering in die vermindering van die uitdroging van druifstingels is ondersoek. Humidifisering het stingeluitdroging vertraag en het die tempo van stingeluitdroging en -verbruining verminder, maar dit het die voorkoms van SO2-skade op die tafeldruiftrosse verhoog en het die verpakkings laat nat word.
Die bewegingsfenomeen tydens verkoeling en hantering van verpakte tafeldruiwe is ook ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van ‘n BVD model en is bevestig met eksperimentele resultate. Daar was goeie ooreenstemming tussen gemete en voorspelde resultate. Die resultaat demonstreer duidelik die toepaslikheid van BVD-modelle om die optimum tafeldruifverpakkings- en verkoelingsprosedures te bepaal.<br>PPECB and Postharvest Innovation Programme (PHI-2) for their financial support
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McCafferty, John. "Respiratory heat and moisture loss in health, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29259.
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It was hypothesized that Respiratory heat and moisture loss (RHML) would be altered in patients with Asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to the effects of airway inflammation and re-modeling. By designing a novel device incorporating humidity, temperature and flow sensors, RHML was measured in 25 normal controls, 33 asthmatics and 17 patients with COPD. In normal subjects RHML was found to be dependent on breathing pattern as defined by tidal volume and minute ventilation whereas no association was found between RHML and body surface area. At matched breathing patterns asthmatics whether in the exacerbation or stable group showed a small but significantly increased RHML compared to controls (exacerbation group-93.2 (SD=8.0), p=0.0003, stable group - 89.3 (SD=7.4), p=0.025 and controls 85 (SD=4.3) Joules/L). No significant difference was found in RHML between the asthmatics with an exacerbation and those with stable disease. COPD patients showed no significant difference in RHML (stable group-83 (SD=4.8), p=0.23 and exacerbation group-81 (5D=5.8), p=0.06 Joules/L) compared to controls or between exacerbation and stable groups. Evaporative heat loss accounted for the major heat transfer modality (up to 3-times the dry convective heat loss). It can be concluded that asthma is associated with a measurable increase in heat and moisture loss in breath and that this may reflect the inflammatory and vascular changes known to occur in the asthmatic airway. Further studies are required to assess whether the technique developed in this study may provide a practical means to measure inflammation in asthma.
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Nguyen, Gia Huynh Truong. "Evaluating soil erodibility parameters with mini-JET under various soil moisture conditions." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34526.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering<br>Aleksey Y. Sheshukov<br>Soil erosion is one of the main reasons for agricultural land degradation in the world. Losses of land because of high soil erosion rates and rapidly expanding population result in significant reduction of cultivated land area per capita, and shortage of food on the global scale. Soil erosion can be a major source of sediment in the aquatic systems leading to reduction of organism population and poor water quality. Many factors affect soil erodibility, such as, soil properties, rainfall, topographic features, land use, and management practices, among others. The impacts of soil moisture content, however, are not well understood and. therefore, the primary goal of this study was to quantify two soil erodibility parameters, the erodibility coefficient and critical shear stress, under different soil moisture conditions using the jet erosion test (JET).
The JET test uses the apparatus (called mini-JET) that creates an impinging jet of water into the soil and records the resulting scour depth over time. The scour depth time series are then fitted into a non-linear soil erosion equation, yielding the sought values of erodibility parameters. For this study, more than 40 soil samples were collected from several sites in Kansas, processed, and prepared to conduct JET tests in the lab setting. The effects of tillage and soil moisture content were of interest to this study. The results showed varied effects of soil type and sample soil moisture condition on the scour depth development and parameters sensitivity. The critical shear stress decreased and the erodibility coefficient increased with the increase of initial moisture content for clay loam soil, while critical shear stress did not change for sandy loam soil. The study also revealed higher erosive properties of soil collected from the tilled field compared to the no-till field.
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Gregorich, Jenna L. "Effects of Induced Moisture Loss on Broiler Chicks Immune Response Post Salmonella enteritidis Lipopolysaccharide Challenge." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149985847613047.
Full textBooks on the topic "Moisture Loss"
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Morison, William Donald. The effects of moisture loss and elevated temperature upon the material damping of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. Institute for Aerospace Studies, 1988.
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Morison, William Donald. The effects of moisture loss and elevated temperature upon the material damping of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. [Institute for Aerospace Studies], 1987.
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Institution, British Standards, ed. Methods of test for coffee and coffee products. Part 13. Roasted ground coffee: Determination of moisture content (loss in mass at 103 degrees Centigrade (routine method)).. British Standards Institution, 1995.
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Hosang, Jürg. Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt von Lössböden im Niederen Sundgau (Region Basel): Messung und Modellierung. In Kommission beim Verlag Wepf, 1995.
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Murdoch, Christopher. Detection system to identify wetwood in standing living trees and in cut logs and boards. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Technology Transfer Information Center, 1992.
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1944-, Green David W., and Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Moisture content and the properties of lodgepole pine logs in bending and compression parallel to the grain. USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2007.
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Morison, William Donald. The effects of moisture loss and elevated temperature upon the material damping of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. 1987.
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Sirikwanchai, Siripon. The effects of moisture and oxygen on the accumulation of chromosome damage in relation to loss of viability in stored onion (Allion aepa L.) seed. 1985.
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Greenleatherr. Apple Cider Vinegar Therapy : Detoxify Your Body, Lose Weight, Moisturize, Exfoliate Skin + Dry Fasting: Guide to Miracle of Fasting. Independently Published, 2019.
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Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.
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The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.
Book chapters on the topic "Moisture Loss"
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Jeżowski, S., S. Ornatowski, J. Finnan, Z. Kaczmarek, and J. Cerazy. "Moisture Loss Rate in Grass Cut at Anthesis: Variation Among Selected Traditional Species." In Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44530-4_17.
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Ranganathan, Umarani, and Steven P. C. Groot. "Seed Longevity and Deterioration." In Seed Science and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_5.
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AbstractThe fundamental deteriorative processes that lead to loss of seed viability contrastingly vary between desiccation insensitive (orthodox) and desiccation sensitive seeds (recalcitrant). Orthodox seeds which undergo maturation drying are bestowed with protective mechanisms which guard the seeds against deterioration. They include the accumulation of antioxidants, non-reducing sugars, protective proteins such as late embryogenesis abundant proteins, heat-shock proteins, lipocalins, hormones and chemical protectants (raffinose family oligosaccharides, flavonoids, lignins, vitamin E). The nuclear DNA is packed denser and chlorophyll is degraded. Besides, the cytoplasm is capable of transitioning between liquid and glassy state depending on the moisture content of the seeds aiding in the maintenance of seed viability potential. In the dry seeds, the glassy state of the cytoplasm ensures the stabilization of cellular components by arresting cell metabolism. However, even with low moisture content and a glassy state of cytoplasm, reactive oxygen species generated due to the presence of oxygen in the storage atmosphere may cause the ageing of seed. As the seed moisture content increases, mitochondrial respiration gets activated, also leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species, owing to inefficient mitochondrial activity. The reactive oxygen species lead to the oxidation of essential molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. Further, mitochondrial membranes also get oxidized, leading to reduced aerobic respiration potential. When the damage is not substantial, orthodox seeds are capable of repairing the molecular damages that accumulate during storage, enabling the seeds to partially overcome the damages and extend their longevity. This includes activation of repair of cell membranes, DNA, RNA, proteins and mitochondria as the seeds imbibe water.Unlike the orthodox seeds, the recalcitrant seeds are largely devoid of protective mechanisms which guard the seeds against rapid deterioration. The recalcitrant seeds are shed from the mother tree at high moisture content while they are metabolically active. After dispersal, the seeds undergo deteriorative changes during drying due to the damage to the cytoskeleton (physical damage), besides reactive oxygen species-induced damage due to lack of antioxidant activity (metabolism-induced damage). Even when maintained under high moisture content, seeds exhibit dysfunction of the cell organelles and extensive vacuolization predisposing the seeds to deterioration. Thus, recalcitrant seeds are prone to deterioration either under low or high moisture content.
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Nia, Saeed B., Raymond Pepera, and Behrouz Shafei. "Affordable Phase Change Materials in Lightweight Concrete Walls for Superior Hygrothermal Performance." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_35.
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AbstractLightweight concrete is a popular construction material for its numerous benefits, including reduced weight, improved thermal insulation, and enhanced fire resistance. It can combine with functional additives to regulate moisture properties and improve indoor air quality, making it an ideal choice for walls and roofs. This versatile material not only enhances structural performance but also contributes to better indoor comfort. On the other hand, phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as an effective solution for reducing energy consumption. However, moisture-related issues, such as condensation and mold growth, remain a concern. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the hygrothermal behavior of building materials is essential to mitigate moisture-related risks. This study investigates the potential of glycerin, an affordable PCM, to enhance the hygrothermal performance of lightweight concrete walls. Despite lightweight concrete providing advantageous properties such as low density, high thermal insulation, and sound absorption, they are prone to two significant issues: shrinkage due to gradual water loss and high-water absorption because of their intrinsic porosity. Addressing these challenges, this study explored the application of glycerin as a PCM coating to mitigate the identified drawbacks. The obtained results indicate that a 2 mm layer of glycerin, which was proportionally adjusted to the size of the test specimens in this study, can significantly improve the performance of lightweight concrete. The findings underscore the effectiveness of combining lightweight concrete with an affordable and available PCM choice, presenting a promising energy conservation and sustainable building design solution by minimizing energy consumption and allowing for thinner wall construction.
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Sikora, Richard A., Jon Padgham, and Johan Desaeger. "The unpredictability of adapting integrated nematode management to climate variability." In Integrated nematode management: state-of-the-art and visions for the future. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0064.
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Abstract The areas of concern regarding the future importance of climate change and variability on nematode damage and integrated management include: shifts in the distribution of nematodes, stimulation of additional generations, increased reproductive potential, development of more severe nematode-pathogen complexes, inability to monitor with remote sensing populations over multiple seasons, negative yield due to nematodes and reduced soil moisture levels, adapting integrated nematode management (INM) to highly volatile interannual fluctuations, loss of organic matter and soil antagonistic potential, lack of an effective in-season plant curative pesticide, enhancement of cumulative multi-species impact, and inactivation or loss of plant resistance to nematodes. This chapter reflects on some of the above points and how long-term climate change and increasing climate variability may impact nematodes, crop losses and potential modification of INM under climate change induced risk. It discusses climate change and climate variability in the context of INM, climate impacts on agricultural crops, critical climate change hotspots, climate influence on nematode biological processes, and the use of degree-days to monitor temperature effects on nematode development. The use of plant parasitic nematodes as research models and immediate priorities for improved near-term climate risk management within INM are also described.
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Cao, Kangyangyong, Hongquan Xing, Dawei Huang, Guanbo Zong, and Shili Liu. "Study on the Effects of Moisture on Dielectric Loss and Capacitance Parameters of 66 kV AC XLPE Cable Insulation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1387-8_63.
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Zhou, Xiaodong, Tienan Wang, and Bowen Xu. "Experimental Investigation on the Factors Influencing the Shear Strength of Loess-Mudstone Composite Layer." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_25.
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AbstractGeological slopes are often disturbed by external engineering, leading changes of the upper moisture content and dry density in loess-mudstone composite layer. It directly affects the shear strength of the loess-mudstone composite layer interface. In order to explore the influence of the upper loess moisture content and dry density on the shear strength of the loess-mudstone composite layer, taking the cutting slope in a test base in Shaanxi Province as the engineering background, different loess moisture contents (10%, 13%, 16%, 19%) and dry densities (1.4, 1.45, 1.5, 1.55 g/cm3) are employed to investigate the shear strength of loess-mudstone composite layers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the failure interface of the loess-mudstone composite layer to analyze the failure mechanism of the samples. The results show that: (1) The shear strength of the loess-mudstone composite layer is lower than those of pure loess and mudstone samples. (2) The moisture content of loess will deteriorate the shear strength of the composite layer, and its effect is greater than that of homogeneous loess; but the dry density of loess will enhance the shear strength of the composite layer, and its effect is less than that of homogeneous loess (3) The moisture content and dry density of loess will affect the distribution of pores in the composite layer interface, changing the shear strength of the composite layer. The research can provide certain data and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of landslides at the loess-mudstone interface.
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Dezhina, I. Yu. "Problem-Solving for Moisture Transport in Loess." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Construction, Architecture and Technosphere Safety. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91145-4_21.
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Nahin, Khadiza Tul Kobra, Hasna Hena Sara, Krishna Rani Barai, Zahidul Quayyum, and Jill Baumgartner. "Spatiotemporal Variability of Urban Greenspace and Surface Temperature in Dhaka City: A Public Health Aspect." In S.M.A.R.T. Environments. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32840-4_7.
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AbstractUrban greenspaces can affect the physical and mental health of city residents and they can also contribute to improving urban environmental quality in ways that can benefit human health. Dhaka, a megacity with over 22.4 million residents, has progressively lost its greenspace over the past decade as the city has grown and urbanised. This study evaluates the availability and accessibility of greenspace considering its population and residential areas, as well as assessing the changes to greenspace in the last 30 years throughout the city. We utilized secondary data from the 2011 Census and areal imagery to perform the analysis for city wards, the smallest administrative unit, using ArcGIS software. We generated geospatial maps of greenspace distribution and accessibility as well as vegetation, land surface temperature and humidity in different years. Accessibility to greenspace was measured with 100-meter and 300-meter buffer zones, and a total of 56.5 square kilometers area of 77.47 square kilometers of residential area fell under these territories. Changes in vegetation were obtained using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and a high level of loss in vegetation was observed. Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) were used to assess the temperature and humidity for the same years. We measured that Dhaka has 2.24% greenspace coverage and only 2 wards out of 110 have greater than 20% greenspace coverage. A highest estimate of 0.003207 square meter per capita greenspace was found at ward-46, which does not even meet the minimum health standard. Increased temperature and decreased humidity were observed in Dhaka city from 1990 to 2020, in a level that may adversely impact on the city population’s public health. We found a high correlation between NDVI with LST and NDMI. In 49% of wards, vegetation and humidity decreased, whereas temperature increased. This study provides noteworthy information on the lack of greenspace throughout Dhaka city. The spatial distribution of greenspace provided in the study has the potential to be useful in taking measures for improving sustainable greenery management in the city area and the health of Dhaka’s growing population.
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Cuhadar, Muhammed. "The Impact of Drought on Agricultural Production and Agricultural Adaptation to Drought." In Agricultural Economics and Climate Change. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359432.5.
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Drought is a significant natural disaster that seriously impacts agriculture and is becoming an increasingly prevalent issue worldwide. The effects of this disaster on agriculture present severe challenges both in terms of productivity and agricultural sustainability. Consequently, adaptation measures to combat drought are of great importance. Drought can cause significant yield losses in agricultural production. The reduction or depletion of water resources leads to water stress in plants, adversely affecting their growth and productivity. Particularly during drought periods, limited irrigation opportunities exacerbate drought stress on agricultural lands. This situation results in quality loss in agricultural products, decreased productivity, and reduced harvest quantities. Drought also negatively impacts soil health. Decreased moisture levels can lead to soil structure degradation and increased erosion risk. Erosion reduces the productivity of agricultural lands, causing long-term sustainability issues in agricultural production. Adaptation measures to combat drought can help increase the resilience of the agricultural sector and make it more resistant to drought stress. These measures include water management, improved irrigation techniques, the use of drought-tolerant crop varieties, soil management practices, and agricultural policies that support climate change adaptation. Especially during drought periods, the efficient use and conservation of water resources are critical to ensuring the continuity of agriculture. Technological advancements that enhance water efficiency and irrigation systems that better manage the water cycle can help agriculture cope more effectively with drought. In conclusion, the ability of the agricultural sector to adapt to drought is of great importance. Efforts in areas such as the conservation of water resources, soil management, crop diversity, and technological innovations can contribute to making agriculture more resilient to natural disasters like drought. This, in turn, can strengthen food security and agricultural sustainability on more solid foundations. This study discusses the negative effects of drought on agriculture and adaptation strategies that can minimize these effects. It focuses on necessary precautions, implementation methods, steps to be taken, and policies to be developed. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for adaptation strategies to combat drought.
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Santeramo, F. G., T. Balezentis, and M. Tappi. "Weather and Yield Index-Based Insurance Schemes in the EU Agriculture: A Focus on the Agri-CAT Fund." In Springer Actuarial. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80574-5_3.
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Abstract Agriculture is the most vulnerable sector to climate change, e.g., temperatures or rainfall may significantly affect the crop yields, also leading the proliferation of pathogens and hence pests and diseases [1]. The total economic losses from weather- and climate-related have caused damages reaching nearly 487 billion of euros in EEA member countries since 1980, and just 3% of all events are responsible for 60% of economic losses [2]. Extreme weather events such as heavy precipitation, flood, drought, frost, heat, and strong wind are more and more frequent, intense, long-lasting, and they are the major drivers of agricultural losses [3, 4]. Heavy precipitation may reduce photosynthetically active radiation up to irreversible tissue damages, setting the conditions for diseases due to the proliferation of pathogens, nutrient leaching, soil erosion, and oxygen deficit [5, 6], also inducing flash flood events, in combination with other factors as the antecedent soil moisture [7, 8]. Drought and water shortage may affect the metabolism of plants with changes in root growth and architecture, and other tissue-specific responses that modify the flux of cellular signals [9]. The stress due to drought events is the main factor limiting the development of crop and its productivity [10]. Cold may damage the leaf and seedling survival, also leading to the sterility and the abortion of formed grains, especially for the cereal crops [11]. Heat directly affects the crop physiology, reducing photosynthesis rates, leading the acceleration of leaf senescence processes, oxidative damages, and pollen sterility [12]. Strong wind may also be very impactful (i.e., abrasions on the leaves and fruits, defoliations, water loss, desiccation, loss of flowers and poor fruit set), although the plants can change the structure and properties of cells and tissues, re-configuring their canopies as a defensive response [13]. On-farm and risk-sharing strategies are available to improve the resilience of farming systems to weather risks. The former includes risk control (i.e., risk prevention such as irrigation, shading, pest control, improved planning and monitoring activities), reserves (i.e., stocking, financial savings, additional labour input), and diversification (i.e., agricultural and structural diversification as nature conservation or agrotourism, off-farm allocation of resources); the latter includes risk pooling (i.e., mutual funds, agricultural insurance, membership in cooperatives, credit unions, producer organizations), and risk transfer (i.e., forwards, futures contracts) [14]. Member States may grant support for risk management tools (e.g., financial contribution to insurance premiums and to mutual funds) which can help farmers to manage production and income risks related to their agricultural activity and over which they have no control [15]. The new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform is putting increasing emphasis on instrument supporting proactive management of the effects of extreme weather events due to climate change [15]. We provide an overview of the spread of risk management tools subsidised by new CAP 2023–2027, focusing on two promising tools: the weather index-based insurance and the Agri-CAT fund. We also discuss on their feasibility at farm-level, highlighting pros and cons, also animating the debate on how policymakers may improve the attractiveness of risk management tools.
Conference papers on the topic "Moisture Loss"
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Sani, Fazlollah Madani. "The Effect of Bacteria and Soil Moisture Content on External Corrosion of Buried Pipelines." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16916.
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Abstract One of the major causes of failures in buried pipelines has been identified as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Globally, the contribution of MIC in total number of buried pipeline failures is estimated to be between 10% to 70%. This research investigated simultaneously two of the most influential factors in corrosion of buried pipelines: bacteria and soil moisture content. All test parameters were chosen based on actual field conditions to have more reliable and attributable results. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) strain, Desulfovibrio desulfurincans, was used for the experiments. Weight loss experiments were carried out using API 5L X65 carbon steel in No SRB and With SRB conditions at three different soil moisture contents in a sandy soil. Results showed that an increase in the soil moisture content decreased the corrosion rate. The presence of SRB in soil, although increased the rate of corrosion and aggravated pitting corrosion at low moisture contents, decreased the corrosion rate at higher moisture contents. At low moisture contents, two layers of corrosion products and at high moisture contents, one layer of corrosion products formed on the surface of specimens. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to analyze the corrosion products.
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Edgar, John. "Air Barriers 101: Basic Theory and Design." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2006. SSPC, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2006-00022.
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Abstract Research conducted at OakRidge National Laboratories in Oak Ridge, TN, National Research Council Canada, and many other institutions around the world have shown that controlling airflow through the building envelope is more important and effective in reducing heat loss and moisture transport than controlling vapor diffusion. This research has demonstrated that air leakage through the building envelope has the ability to transport exponentially more moisture through the building envelope than occurs through water vapor migration. Controlling air flow has reduced problems such as corrosion, deterioration of wall components and the growth of mold. Other benefits are improved energy efficiency and indoor air quality.
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Abuazza, O., R. Elaish, K. Enawaa, S. Alomami, and A. Gaderbuh. "Evaluation of Sacrificial Anode Backfill Material." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08051.
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Abstract A common method of corrosion control of buried pipeline is that of cathodic protection involving the use of sacrificial anodes. To ensure maximum effectiveness of an anode, a suitable backfill material of Gypsum/Bentonite is required to maintain the necessary current flow. This material is generally inert and moisture retentive. In the River Project of Libya, the bentonite used was collected from two different clay member formations. The destructive inspection of zinc anodes revealed that the backfill material used from one formation (No. 1) has dried quickly and shrunk away from the anode and the other backfill used from formation No. 2 was still moisture retentive and working properly. Therefore a laboratory tests were carried out to determine the causes of the shrinkage of formation 1 and also to identify the characteristics of Bentonite used and its suitability for use in the backfill, and how to delay the moisture content loss with minimum shrinkage. This study has included chemical, physical, mineralogical and geotechnical laboratory tests. The tests revealed that the Bentonite which was in use (formation No.1) was in commercial terms relatively low grade (c. 46% Montmorillonite) with liquid limit values of c. 120%, and the gypsum was relatively pure, being composed of &gt;95% gypsum, and the backfill mixture contained c. 11% Montmorillonite. Engineering testing suggests that if the ground conditions cause the backfill to dry, shrinkage may lead to a loss of anode function. Such shrinkage would be reduced if the backfill was emplaced at lower moisture content and higher density, this is also likely to increase its ability to absorb water. However, if the backfill does dry out, the anode may also not function correctly. Also this test revealed that the Bentonite should be calcium based not sodium based.
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Tang, Yaoping, jin zhenxun, Ben Guo, and Liming Zhu. "Modeling analysis and application of moisture loss in storage bulker and tobacco cutter processes of the tobacco shreds production line." In International Workshop on Automation, Control, and Communication Engineering (IWACCE 2024), edited by Weihua Mou. SPIE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3052569.
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Gallup, Darrell L. "Corrosion of Piping under Insulation in Geothermal Energy Extraction Processes." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03025.
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Abstract Geothermal process equipment is insulated to maximize energy extraction efficiency and to prevent heat loss to the environment. Insulated exterior metal surface may experience corrosion at elevated temperatures as a result of natural moisture ingress. Additionally, if brine leaks through valves, flanges or other connections, corrosion under insulation, CUI, may be exacerbated. Examples of CUI and corrosion mitigation efforts in the geothermal industry are provided.
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Nixon, R. A. "Coating Concrete after 28 Days: Why There Is No Magic in This Number." In SSPC 2018. SSPC, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2018-00049.
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Abstract Historically, the coatings industry has prescribed 28 days of cure time for concrete before coating application. The 28-day threshold was based on conventionally specified strength gain values such as minimum 5,000 psi compressive strength at 28 days. The logic behind the adoption of the 28-day rule was twofold: The majority of minimum specified strength gain is empirically reached within the first 28 days. Therefore, if the compressive strength has mostly been achieved, then most of the tensile stress that form cracks will have developed. This assumes most of the shrinkage of the cement paste has largely occurred, but ignores the all-important water to cementitious materials ratio and the paste to aggregate ratio. These are the major contributors to shrinkage along with temperature and timing of excess moisture loss from the concrete. Coincidently, these factors are both inextricably tied to the water content in the mix design which leads us to point number two.Empirically, it is believed that all of the excess water not necessary for cement hydration has left the concrete after 28 days. Therefore, the detrimental effects from the exit of moisture from the concrete on coating cure or coating adhesion have been eliminated. So, this assumes excess moisture leaving the concrete after 28 days will not inhibit coating curing mechanisms. This also ignores the materials principles at work in cement hydration. The problem with the magic 28-day number is that there is just as much empirical evidence that 28 days isn’t necessary as there is for its requirement or a longer cure time prior to coating. This paper will discuss the many factors affecting the timing for concrete shrinkage (and related cracking) as well as the rate of loss of excess moisture which are not reliant on 28 days of concrete cure time. In addition, case histories will be presented evidencing successful coating applications on concrete well before 28 days of cure time versus coating problems experienced well beyond 28 days of concrete cure. Further, the paper will examine mix design and materials related parameters that should be followed when schedule needs for coating concrete prior to 28 days of cure are essential. In short, there is no magic in the 28-day number.
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Khan Rana, Ahmad Raza, Graham Brigham, Omar Chaar, and Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari. "Corrosion Scale and Moisture Assessments – an Improvement to On-Stream Inspections for CUI Management." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19167.
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Abstract Corrosion under insulation refers to localized corrosion under thermal insulations which has resulted in failure incidents in the hydrocarbons industry. The non-destructive examination (NDE) inspections for in-service assets (pipes, equipment) via stripping-off insulations are generally limited to a few feet (or meters) as the removal of insulations from larger sections is limited by the safety issues and required heat conservations in the assets. For these reasons, major CUI inspections are generally performed only during outage conditions, as it permits access and inspections for larger areas. On the other hand, the ambient temperatures (due to the out-of-service conditions) which also results in the moisture buildup on the insulated metals (via condensation), change the chemical composition of the corrosion scale and in turn, the kinetics and mode of the corrosion damage. Therefore, traditional NDEs conducted on out-of-service assets do not mimic the periodical in-service CUI damage. Moreover, there have been many events where insulated assets failed while in service as the metal loss rate from the localized CUI damage exceeded the future corrosion allowance. This study proposes an improved methodology for in-service CUI inspections via accounting for the chemical nature of corrosion products, insulation materials, moisture assessments, etc. to better predict the CUI damage.
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Evans, K. J., S. Chawla, K. M. Sherer, et al. "Laboratory Studies Related to External Corrosion of Hanford’S Double-Shell Tanks in Contact with Concrete Liner." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16576.
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Abstract Radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes are stored at the Hanford site in underground double-shell tanks (DSTs) constructed of carbon steel. The corrosion management of these tanks has mainly focused on the complex waste chemistries that are contained in the primary tank. More recently, attention has been given to the corrosion that has been found on the exterior of the secondary liners of the DSTs. The cause of the external corrosion could be related to the intrusion and accumulation of water in the tertiary leak detection systems, which exist under the concrete foundation of the DSTs. However, site investigations have discovered significant reductions in wall-thickness (up to 70%) for DSTs that do not have a history of water intrusion. Furthermore, site measurements have indicated that wall-thinning may not be as severe at locations where the tank exterior is in contact with the slotted concrete foundation. Laboratory tests involving periodic wetting and condensing moisture on steel specimens were conducted to better understand this external corrosion threat. A simulated groundwater solution of near-neutral pH served as the wetting or moisture source in the tests. The laboratory tests consisted of weight-loss evaluations along with more involved studies using a multi-electrode array (MEA). The effect of concrete on the corrosion of steel was also examined by incorporating areas of metal-to-concrete contact on the weight-loss specimens and MEA. The results of this testing revealed that corrosion rates, calculated from weight-loss, can underestimate wall-thinning due to the severe localized attack that was found. Also, the inhibition of corrosion due to concrete-contact may relate more to the obstruction of condensation on the steel rather than an influence on the local pH.
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White, Jerry E., Jim D. Earls, Marvin L. Dettloff, and Marty J. Null. "Development and Evaluation of Terminally Epoxidized Triglycerides for Coatings Applications." In SSPC 2003. SSPC, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2003-00050.
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Abstract Epoxidized 10-undecenoic acid triglyceride, an experimental seed oil derivative that has a terminal epoxy group on each of the three acyl glyceride segments, has been found to have good reactivity with amine curatives and allows room temperature cures to be obtained. This behavior is in contrast to that of internally epoxidized triglycerides derived from soy bean and linseed oils which do not cure at room temperature and yellow badly when cured at higher temperatures. Coatings based on epoxidized 10-undecenoic acid triglyceride have also shown excellent UV stability. As an example, coatings samples placed in a QUVA chamber exhibit no loss in gloss after 3000 hours of a cycled exposure to high intensity UV lamps and moisture at temperatures of 50-60°C. In comparison, coatings based on commercially-available bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and hydrogenated BADGE lose gloss due to chalking/decomposition within 200-800 hours.
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Vanama, Raghava Kumar, and Balaji Ramakrishnan. "Effectiveness of Epoxy and Moisture-cure Polyurethane Coatings in Corrosion Mitigation of Embedded Rebar- an Experimental Study." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14405.
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Abstract Chloride induced corrosion is the prime reason for the degradation of embedded rebar in reinforced concrete marine structures. The present study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of traditional two-component epoxy (EPX), and moisture-cure polyurethane coatings (MC) applied on the concrete surface in reducing the rate of chloride ingression compared to the conventional concrete with and without mineral admixtures like fly ash and GGBS. Coatings used in the present study are characterized by XRD, EDAX, FEG-SEM, water uptake, adhesion strength and contact angle tests. Rapid chloride migration tests (RCMT) were conducted on concrete with and without coatings. Resistivity offered against the chloride migration monitored during the RCMT test indicated that concrete with MC shown higher resistivity in the initial period and continued to decrease over the test duration at a faster rate, unlike EPX. The non-steady-state migration coefficients of the concrete cured for 28days and coated with MC and EPX coatings were found to be nearly 22% and 48% of that of concrete with SCM cured for 84days respectively. The study is further extended to monitor the corrosion of rebar embedded in coated concrete subjected to corrosion acceleration until the first crack appeared on an uncoated specimen. Variation in current flow, half-cell potentials recorded during the acceleration test and actual mass loss of embedded rebar estimated by gravimetric analysis are presented in this paper.
Reports on the topic "Moisture Loss"
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Morsy, Amr, and Islam Ebo. Development of Physics-Based Deterioration Models for Reinforced Soil Retaining Structures. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2360.
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Reinforced soil walls are key earth retention features in the transportation infrastructure. They are used to support and retain soil in a wide variety of crucial structures, such as highways, bridges, and railways, to ensure stability. They also provide solutions for constructing embankments and slopes in constrained spaces, allowing for efficient land use and improved infrastructure planning. This study used advanced numerical modeling to improve the understanding of the behavior and long-term performance of the aging reinforced soil walls from the 1970s for asset management purposes. An asset-scale model was created to simulate the effects of weather on these walls. The model included a system to track how moisture-driven corrosion affects wall stability and performance over time. The model outputs provide implications on the wall progressive deterioration over time and estimates for the wall remaining service life. Unlike newer wall generations constructed with strict specifications that limit fill corrosivity, early wall generations may maintain high levels of moisture for prolonged periods that can significantly increase corrosion rates. Accordingly, it is recommended that fill moisture monitoring be added to asset management measures for early generation walls that could have been constructed with highly corrosive or poorly drainable fills. The results of this study indicate that even though corrosion rates vary with changes in fill moisture, the overall loss in reinforcement thickness happens at a steady rate, showing a linear relationship between cumulative corrosion and time. The results also indicate that 25% fluctuation in fill moisture has no to little effect on the cumulative corrosion, and that the average fill moisture can be used to predict an approximate long-term cumulative corrosion. Thus, it is recommended to use one year of seasonal climate data for a specific location to estimate the annual variation in fill moisture. This can predict the yearly corrosion of reinforcements, which can then be multiplied by the number of service years to estimate long-term cumulative corrosion. Finally, an asset-scale performance model based on performance-requirement failure framework was developed using the outputs of the asset-scale numerical model. These performance models can inform decisions about critical transportation infrastructure maintenance, repair, or replacement strategies, and optimizing resource allocation.
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Reyes, Julian, Jeb Williamson, and Emile Elias. Spatio-temporal analysis of Federal crop insurance cause of loss data: A roadmap for research and outreach effort. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7202608.ch.
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Federal crop insurance provides a financial safety net for farmers against insured perils such as drought, heat, and freeze. In 2016 over $100 billion dollars of crops were insured through the Federal crop insurance program administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency. In this white paper, we analyze publicly-available Federal crop insurance data to understand how weather and climate-related perils, or causes of loss (COL), change over time and spatial areas. We find that over 75% of all weather/climate-related indemnities (i.e., crop losses) from 2001 to 2016 are due to three COL: drought, excess moisture, and hail. However, the extent to which these top COL and others impact indemnities is highly dependent on the time period, temporal scale, and spatial scale of analysis. Moreover, we identify what COL are region- or season-specific, and visualize COL trends over time. Finally, we offer a road map of research applications to quantify such trends in indemnities, as well as outreach and extension efforts that include an online data portal.
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King and Jack. L51906 The Role of Redox and Corrosion Potentials in the Corrosion of Line Pipe Steel. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010374.
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A combined lab and field program has been performed to study the external corrosion behaviour of buried linepipe. The overall aim of the project was to attempt to correlate pipe damage with measurable soil properties, in particular the redox potential as measured by buried soil probes. The lab component of the project involved the measurement of weight-loss corrosion rates in three types of soil, under saturated and as-received moisture conditions, and under permanently aerobic, permanently anaerobic or cyclic anaerobic/aerobic redox conditions. The soil conditions and coupon corrosion potentials were monitored during the course of the tests. In the field component of the study, pipe-depth soil properties were monitored using permanent NOVAProbes to measure the redox potential, soil resistivity, pH and temperature. Daily readings were taken at some locations with the aid of a custom-designed datalogger. Corrosion information was obtained from buried weight-loss or electrochemical coupons, from pipe excavations or from data from repeat in-line inspection runs.
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Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Fire Service Summary Report: Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/pxtq2256.
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Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety Released. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/lihb1439.
Full textAbstract:
Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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Levitt, Daniel G., Kay Hanson Birdsell, Terry L. Jennings, and Sean B. French. Moisture Monitoring at Area G, Technical Area 54, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1188170.
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Schofield, Ian S., Paul L. Brown, Mark J. Logsdon, and Matthew P. Wickham. Waste Rock Dump Characterization Studies at the Bingham Canyon Mine. Utah Geological Survey, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/mp-179.
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The Bingham Canyon Mine, located near Salt Lake City, Utah, is surrounded by more than 6 billion tons of waste rock developed over the open cut mining history from 1903 to present; the surface area of the waste rock is approximately 5000 acres. Waste rock dumps have a thickness of more than 1 200 feet from crest to toe. From 1930 to 2000, selected portions of the waste rock dumps were commercially leached using a ferric-sulfate-based lixiviant to extract copper, whereas other portions have only received meteoric leaching. From 2011 to present, Rio Tinto Kennecott has studied the evolution and geochemical controls on water chemistry associated with the waste rock dumps at the Bingham Canyon Mine. In this program, the waste rock dumps have been characterized in detail from the field logging of, and data collected from instrumentation installed within, 13 paired borings. At 12 of the 13 locations, the borings penetrated the full depth of the dumps, through the pre-mine soil contact, and into bedrock. Borings were installed to depths approaching 900 feet below ground surface using roto-sonic drilling methods to enable (1) core recovery and (2) measurement of near in situ properties. Field logging of the borings included Unified Soil Classification System descriptions, clast lithology, relative oxidation, paste pH, and geophysical methods (gyroscopic, temperature, neutron, and gamma). Core from the borings was analyzed for geotechnical properties (density, grain size distribution, moisture content, plasticity index and limit, and direct and block shear), quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), modified acid-base accounting (ABA), modified synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and hyperspectral analysis by CoreScan. If water was encountered during the drilling process at sufficient volumes for collection from the core barrel, samples were collected for chemical analysis. Instrumentation installed within the borings included lysimeters, thermistor nodes, direct temperature sensing (DTS) fiber optic cables, time domain reflectometry (TDR), shear cables, gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide) measurement tubes, and vibrating wire piezometers (VWPs). Additionally, each drill site had multiple measurements of oxygen consumption in the surface layer of the local waste rock. Data acquired from the borings were linked with historical information (covering a period of greater than 50 years) from extensive drilling, mineralogical and litho-geochemical evaluations, hydraulic and tracer testing, and 20 years of seepage f low and water chemistry data to develop a conceptual model that describes the hydraulic, geochemical, and physical behavior of the waste rock dumps. Pyrite and other sulfide minerals in the waste rock dumps are oxidized by both diffusive and convective ingress of air, producing acidic, high-total dissolved solids effluents, and jarosite that has formed within the waste rock as a secondary phase that stores additional acidity. The dominant air ingress mechanism is convection, which accounts for greater than 90% of the sulfide oxidation within the waste rock dumps. Based on temperature profiles and water balance for the dumps, moisture loss to geochemical reactions is a significant part of the water budget.
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Palaz, I. Application of geophysical logs to estimate moisture-content profiles in unsaturated tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/59847.
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Geddis, A. M. Preliminary modeling of moisture movement in the tuff beneath Mortandad Canyon, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/139787.
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Levitt, Daniel Glenn, Kay Hanson Birdsell, Terry L. Jennings, and Sean B. French. Moisture Monitoring at Area G, Technical Area 54, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2016 Status Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1340939.
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