Relevant bibliographies by topics / Moisture Loss

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Moisture Loss'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Moisture Loss"

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Branson, Richard D. "Preventing Moisture Loss From Intubated Patients." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 7, no. 4 (July 2000): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00045413-200007040-00004.

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Wang, J., R. K. Dhir, and M. Levitt. "Membrane curing of concrete: Moisture loss." Cement and Concrete Research 24, no. 8 (1994): 1463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)90160-0.

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Mullinix, Benjamin, Bryan Maw, and Steve Lahue. "Modelling Moisture Loss of Onions in Storage Using Moisture Loss Information Obtained from Individually Measured Onions." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 598A—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.598a.

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Vidalia onions were grown following recommended cultural practices in 1994-1996 and they were harvested at early, optimum, or late maturity. After onions were cured for various lengths of time, a random sample of onions was marked for individual measurement. All onions were placed into either low or high humidity A/C controlled storage for up to 30 weeks. Onions were removed as they showed signs of being rotten. Initially, and every 2 weeks thereafter, weight and grade data were collected from individual onions and in bulk from other onions. There were up to 96 treatment combinations each year. Using individual onion data, simulation of the weight loss of the bulked onions was done. Although over 5,000 onions were involved, individual measurements were taken on only 1,920 onions over the 3 years. Five simulations were conducted using parameters derived from individual onion data. Results of the simulations resembled the actual weight loss trends within the specified 90% confidence range.
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DINCER, IBRAHIM. "Moisture Loss from Wood Products During Drying—Part I: Moisture Diffusivities and Moisture Transfer Coefficients." Energy Sources 20, no. 1 (January 1998): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319808970044.

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Rao, Sudhakar M., and Monica Rekapalli. "Examining Thermodynamic Changes During Soil Moisture Loss." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 39, no. 5 (February 17, 2021): 4009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01739-6.

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Savel’ev, Yu A., O. N. Kuharev, N. P. Larjushin, P. A. Ishkin, and Yu M. Dobrynin. "Soil moisture loss reduction owing to evaporation." Agricultural machinery and technologies 12, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-1-42-47.

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S. E. Prussia, R. L. Shewfelt, M. S. Chinnan, and R. B. Beverly. "MOISTURE LOSS EFFECTS ON SOUTHERN PEA COLOR." Transactions of the ASAE 33, no. 5 (1990): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31519.

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Maw, B. W., and B. G. Mullinix. "Moisture loss of sweet onions during curing." Postharvest Biology and Technology 35, no. 2 (February 2005): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.04.008.

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DINCER, IBRAHIM. "Moisture Loss from Wood Products During Drying—Part II: Surface Moisture Content Distributions." Energy Sources 20, no. 1 (January 1998): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319808970045.

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Hossain, MA, MA Awal, MR Ali, and MM Alam. "Use of moisture meter on the post-harvest loss reduction of rice." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i4.32141.

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Moisture content is one of the most important factors determining grain quality during harvesting, storage, trading, processing, and transportation because high moisture will create problems for farmers, especially during postharvest activities such as mold growth, higher insect infestation, loss in seed germination, and low market price. A study was conducted to find out a precise moisture meter (MM) for moisture content (MC) determination during post-harvest activities of rice. John Deere moisture meter (JD MM), Moisture Probe and RiceterL MM were tested and calibrated to provide accurate result compared to that of Oven dry method. The average MC of same samples was found 11.4, 11.8, 12.3, and 13.1% by Oven dry method, Moisture Probe, RiceterL and John Deere MM, respectively. Standard deviations of the mean are 0.11, 0.17, 0.13 and 0.22, respectively by the corresponding moisture meters. Oven dry method i.e. drying whole kernels for 72 h at 105°C had the smallest standard deviation. This indicated long drying time and adequate drying temperature could ensure the precision of moisture determination. The reading of John Deere, Moisture Probe and RiceterL MM is higher by 1.7, 0.4 and 0.9%, respectively than that of oven dry method. Moisture measurement by these methods can lead to wide variations of conclusion. Moisture measurement by John Deere moisture meter is quicker and easier than Moisture Probe and RiceterL (MM). However, adjustment procedure with respect to calibration is needed before use.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 511-516, 2016
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Moisture Loss"

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Tickes, Barry R. "Moisture Loss from Uncovered Stored Alfalfa." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201021.

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Moisture loss from stacked alfalfa was measured at various times of the year and at various baling moistures. Total moisture loss over two month time periods varied from 4.5% to 8.3% with considerable fluctuation occurring due to environmental conditions.
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Theron, Jacobus Adriaan. "Moisture loss studies in Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97918.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The export of Japanese plums from South Africa is challenging. Exporting late season plums require fruit to last as long as 8 weeks in cold-storage. Prolonged storage periods can cause some cultivars to develop a shrivelled appearance due to moisture loss. Moisture loss from perishable commodities manifests mainly as shrivelling due to a loss in the turgidity of the surface cells of the fruit, or weight loss. ‘African DelightTM’ (highly susceptible to shrivel), ‘Laetitia’ (shrivel susceptible), ‘Sapphire’ (shrivel susceptible) and ‘Songold’ (not shrivel susceptible) plums were investigated by means of fluorescent microscopy for cracks and openings in the fruit peel. Only ‘African DelightTM’ had open hairline cracks in its peel, and fruit with wider cracks were associated with higher water vapour permeabilities. Open lenticels were found in the peels of ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’ and ‘Sapphire’ plums. For ‘Songold’ no peel cracking or open lenticels were observed. The fact that the cuticle of this cultivar is mostly intact may be the reason why it is not susceptible to postharvest shrivel manifestation. The water vapour permeance of the fruit peel determines how easily fruit lose moisture. In this study it was determined to what extent fruit, trees, orchards, harvest date and cultivar contribute to the total variation in plum peel water vapour permeability. The permeabilities of ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’, and ‘Songold’ were determined weekly from 4 weeks before harvest until post optimum maturity. Fruit to fruit variation made the largest contribution towards the total variation (> 45%), followed by harvest date (> 20%) and orchard (> 15%) effects. The permeability across all cultivars increased two-fold as fruit became over mature. The contribution of cultivar differences to fruit peel permeability varied greatly between seasons (42% in 2013/2014 and 5% in 2014/2015). Differences between cultivars may include cuticle thickness and composition, micro cracks in the peel and/or open lenticels. Current handling protocols suggest that fruit should be cooled as soon as possible after harvest, but this is not always possible. ‘African DelightTM’ plums were exposed to various handling scenarios in order to determine the handling protocol with the least risk of moisture loss. The control consisted of packaging and cooling the fruit within 6 h of harvest. Fruit quality was comparable or even better than the control when the fruit were pre-cooled to 0 °C and 15 °C for up to 72 h. High vapour pressure deficits caused fruit to lose more moisture, especially when fruit were exposed to ambient temperatures for 48 h and 72 h. It is recommended that handling protocols for plums should be followed stringently in order to reduce mass loss and shrivel manifestation. Since other studies found that silicate (Si) has positive effects on fruit quality, we applied potassium silicate preharvest to ‘African DelightTM’ trees. However, we did not find significant differences between treatments regarding crack width or crack incidence in the fruit peel, shrivel, decay, internal browning, gel breakdown or aerated tissue levels. Currently preharvest potassium silicate applications are not recommended to improve plum quality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die uitvoer van die Japanese pruime uit Suid-Afrika is 'n uitdaging, omrede daar verwag word dat laatseisoen kultivars tot 8 weke in koelopberging moet bly. Lang opbergingsperiodes veroorsaak dat sommige kultivars 'n verrimpelde voorkoms ontwikkel a.g.v. vogverlies. Vogverlies uit vars produkte manifesteer hoofsaaklik as verrimpeling a.g.v. 'n verlies in die turgiditeit van die selle in en onder die vrugskil, en as massaverlies. ‘African DelightTM’ (hoogs vatbaar vir verrimpeling), ‘Laetitia’ (vatbaar vir verrimpeling), ‘Sapphire’ (vatbaar vir verrimpeling) en ‘Songold’ (nie vatbaar vir verrimpeling) pruime is ondersoek deur middel van fluoressensie mikroskopie vir krake en openinge in die vrugskil. Slegs ‘African DelightTM’ het oop haarlyn krake in sy skil gehad en vrugte met wyer krake het ʼn hoër waterdamp deurlaatbaarheid gehad. Oop lentiselle is gevind in die skille van ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’ en ‘Sapphire’ pruime. ‘Songold’ het geen krake of oop lentiselle getoon nie. Die feit dat ‘Songold’ se kutikula meestal ongeskonde was, mag die rede wees waarom hierdie kultivar nie vatbaar vir verrimpeling is nie. Die waterdamp deurlaatbaarheid van 'n vrugskil bepaal hoe maklik vrugte vog verloor. In hierdie studie is bepaal tot watter mate vrugte, bome, boorde, oesdatum en kultivar bydra tot die totale variasie in die pruimskil se waterdamp deurlaatbaarheid. Die deurlaatbaarheid van ‘African DelightTM’, ‘Laetitia’, en ‘Songold’ is weekliks bepaal vanaf 4 weke voor die verwagte oesdatum tot die vrugte oorryp was. Vrug tot vrug variasie het die grootste bydrae tot die totale variasie gemaak (> 45%), gevolg deur oesdatum (> 20%) en boord (> 15%). Die skildeurlaatbaarheid van al die kultivars het verdubbel in die tyd van net voor oes tot die vrugte oorryp was. Die kultivar se bydrae tot die deurlaatbaarheid van die vrugskil het baie gewissel tussen seisoene (42% in 2013/2014 en 5% in 2014/2015). Verskille in skil-deurlaatbaarheid tussen kultivars kan kutikula-dikte en -samestelling, mikro-krake in die skil en/of oop lentiselle insluit. Huidige hanteringsprotokolle stel voor dat vrugte so spoedig moontlik afgekoel word na oes, maar dit is nie altyd moontlik nie. In hierdie studie is 'African DelightTM' pruime is blootgestel aan verskeie hantering scenario's om die hanteringsprotokol met die laagste risiko vir vogverlies te bepaal. Die kontrole vrugte is gepak en onder geforseerde verkoeling geplaas binne 6 ure na oes. Vrugkwaliteit was vergelykbaar of selfs beter in vergelyking met die kontrole wanneer die vrugte voorverkoel is tot 0 °C en 15 °C vir tot 72 uur. Hoë dampdrukverskille het veroorsaak dat vrugte meer vog verloor, veral wanneer vrugte aan kamertemperatuur blootgestel was vir 48 h en 72 h na oes. Dit word aanbeveel dat hanteringsprotokolle vir pruime streng gevolg moet word om massaverlies en verrimpeling te beperk. Aangesien ander studies gevind het dat silikaat (Si) ‘n positiewe uitwerking op vrugkwaliteit het, het ons kaliumsilikaat vooroes aan ‘African DelightTM’ bome toegedien. Daar was egter geen beduidende verskille tussen behandelings met betrekking tot kraakbreedte of kraakvoorkoms in die vrugskil of t.o.v. gehalte eienskappe soos die voorkoms van verrimpeling, bederf, interne verbruining, gelverval of deurlugte weefsel nie. Tans word voor-oes kaliumsilikaat spuite nie aanbeveel om pruimkwaliteit te verbeter nie.
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Bellett-Travers, David Marcus. "Water relations and soil moisture requirements of transplanted amenity trees during establishment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251544.

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Bell, P. "Heat and moisture transfer through cavity wall constructions under simulated winter conditions." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374500.

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Arepalli, Uma Maheswar. "A Study of Moisture Induced Material Loss of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/409.

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"Susceptibility of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixes to moisture induced damage is one of the main reasons for premature failures of asphalt pavements. Hence, the evaluation of mixes for the moisture susceptibility is an essential part of the mix design. The existing methods are found to be in-sufficient to characterize mixes in terms of their moisture damage potential, and many studies have been conducted to establish an improved methodology that can better address the issue. Most of these methods involve the determination of changes in mix properties due to moisture conditioning in the laboratory or to verify the mix performance in the field or the laboratory. In the field moisture susceptible mixes are also found to lose material to extents that are dependent upon the properties of the mix and materials. So far, there has been no comprehensive study to investigate the loss of materials due to moisture induced damage. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate a conditioning and a test method that can be used on a regular basis to detect moisture susceptible mixes and to understand the combined problem of moisture induced material loss and change in strength/stiffness of the mix. The Moisture Induced Stress Tester (MIST), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), Dynamic Modulus in Indirect tensile mode, and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests were utilized in the study. The effluent from the MIST was checked for the gradation of dislodged aggregates and the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) content. A system dynamics (SD) approach was also adopted to investigate the problem and establish a model to reproduce field observations. The results showed that the use of MIST in combination with UPV or ITS is able to identify moisture susceptible mixes, in particular for mixes with the potential of aggregate breakdown. The mixes with a higher loss of asphalt binder during conditioning exhibit higher tensile strengths, and those with a loss of finer materials, which is indicative of aggregate breakdown, show a lower tensile strength. For the mixes used in this study, the rate of change in indirect tensile strength during moisture conditioning was found to be strongly correlated to the pre-conditioning modulus of the mix. A step-by-step framework to characterize the moisture susceptible mixes was presented."
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Abdullah, Wan Mohammad H. W. "The effect of moisture loss on the mechanical and sensory properties of carrots." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239066.

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Ngcobo, Mduduzi Elijah Khulekani. "Resistance to airflow and moisture loss of table grapes inside multi-scale packaging." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80192.

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Thesis (PhD(Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Postharvest quality of fresh table grapes is usually preserved through cooling using cold air. However, cooling efficiencies are affected by the multi-scale packaging that is commercially used for handling grapes after harvest. There is usually spatial temperature variability of grapes that often results in undesirable quality variations during postharvest handling and marketing. This heterogeneity of grape berry temperature inside multi-packages is largely due to uneven cold airflow patterns that are caused by airflow resistance through multi-package components. The aims of this study were therefore to conduct an in-depth experimental investigation of the contribution of grape multi-packaging components to total airflow resistance, cooling rates and patterns of grapes inside the different commercially used multi-packages, and to assess the effects of these multi-packages on table grape postharvest quality attributes. A comprehensive study of moisture loss from grapes during postharvest storage and handling, as well as a preliminary investigation of the applicability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling in predicting the transport phenomena of heat and mass transfer of grapes during cooling and cold storage in multi-packages were included in this study. Total pressure drop through different table grapes packages were measured and the percentage contribution of each package component and the fruit bulk were determined. The liner films contributed significantly to total pressure drop for all the package combinations studied, ranging from 40.33±1.15% for micro-perforated liner film to 83.34±2.13 % for non-perforated liner film. The total pressure drop through the grape bulk (1.40±0.01 % to 9.41±1.23 %) was the least compared to the different packaging combinations with different levels of liner perforation. The cooling rates of grapes in the 4.5 kg multi-packaging were significantly (P<0.05) slower than that of grapes in 5 kg punnet multi-packaging, where the 4.5 kg box resulted in a seven-eighths cooling time of 30.30-46.14% and 12.69-25.00% more than that of open-top and clamshell punnet multi-packages, respectively. After 35 days in cold storage at -0.5°C, grape bunches in the 5 kg punnet box combination (open-top and clamshell) had weight loss of 2.01 – 3.12%, while the bunches in the 4.5 kg box combination had only 1.08% weight loss. During the investigation of the effect of different carton liners on the cooling rate and quality attributes of ‘Regal seedless’ table grapes in cold storage, the non-perforated liner films maintained relative humidity (RH) close to 100 %. This high humidity inside non-perforated liner films resulted in delayed loss of stem quality but significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the incidence of SO2 injury and berry drop during storage compared to perforated liners. The perforated liners improved fruit cooling rates but significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced RH. The low RH in perforated liners also resulted in an increase in stem dehydration and browning compared to non-perforated liners. The moisture loss rate from grapes packed in non-perforated liner films was significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to the moisture loss rate from grapes packed in perforated liner films (120 x 2 mm and 36 x 4 mm). The effective moisture diffusivity values for stem parts packed in non-perforated liner films were lower than the values obtained for stem parts stored without packaging liners, and varied from 5.06x10-14 to 1.05x10-13 m2s-1. The dehydration rate of stem parts was inversely proportional to the size (diameter) of the stem parts. Dehydration rate of stems exposed (without liners) to circulating cold air was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the dehydration rates of stems packed in non-perforated liner film. Empirical models were successfully applied to describe the dehydration kinetics of the different parts of the stem. The potential of cold storage humidification in reducing grape stem dehydration was investigated. Humidification delayed and reduced the rate of stem dehydration and browning; however, it increased SO2 injury incidence on table grape bunches and caused wetting of the packages. The flow phenomenon during cooling and handling of packed table grapes was also studied using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model and validated using experimental results. There was good agreement between measured and predicted results. The result demonstrated clearly the applicability of CFD models to determine optimum table grape packaging and cooling procedures.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Naoes kwaliteit van vars tafeldruiwe word gewoonlik behou deur middel van verkoeling van die produk met koue lug. Ongelukkig word die effektiwiteit van dié verkoeling beïnvloed deur die multivlakverpakking wat kommersieel gebruik word vir die naoes hantering van druiwe. Daar is gewoonlik ruimtelike variasie in die temperatuur van die druiwe wat ongewenste variasie in die kwaliteit van die druiwe veroorsaak tydens naoes hantering en bemarking. Die heterogene druiwetemperature binne die multivlakverpakkings word grootliks veroorsaak deur onegalige lugvloeipatrone van die koue lug as gevolg van die weerstand wat die verskillende komponente van die multivlakverpakkings teen lugvloei bied. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om ‘n indiepte eksperimentele ondersoek te doen om die bydrae van multivlakverpakking op totale lugvloeiweerstand, verkoelingstempo’s en –patrone van druiwe binne kommersieël gebruikte multivlakverpakkings te ondersoek, asook die effek van die multivalkverpakking op die naoes kwaliteit van druiwe te bepaal. ‘n Omvattende studie van vogverlies van druiwe tydens naoes opberging en hantering, asook ‘n voorlopige ondersoek na die bruikbaarheid van ‘n berekende vloei dinamika (BVD) model om die bewegingsfenomeen van hitte en massa oordrag van druiwe tydens verkoeling en koelopberging in multivlakverpakkings te voorspel, was ook by die studie ingesluit. Die totale drukverskil deur verskillende tafeldruif verpakkingssisteme is gemeet en die persentasie wat deur elke verpakkingskomponent en die vruglading bygedra is, is bereken. Van al die verpakkingskombinasies wat gemeet is, het die voeringfilms betekenisvol tot die totale drukverskil bygedra, en het gewissel van 40.33±1.15% vir die mikro geperforeerde voeringfilm tot 83.34±2.13 % vir die nie-geperforeerde voeringfilm. Die totale drukverskil oor die druiflading (1.40±0.01 % to 9.41±1.23 %) was die minste in vergelyking met die verskillende verpakkingskombinasies met die verskillende vlakke van voeringperforasies. Die verkoelingstempos van die druiwe in die 4.5 kg multiverpakking was betekenisvol (P<0.05) stadiger as vir die druiwe in die 5 kg handmandjie (‘punnet’) multiverpakking. Die 4.5 kg karton het ‘n seweagstes verkoelingstyd van 30.30-46.14% en 12.69-25.00% langer, respektiewelik, as oop-vertoon en toeslaan-‘punnet’ multiverpakkings gehad. Na 35 dae van koelopberging by -0.5°C het druiwetrosse in die 5 kg ‘punnet’-kartonkombinasies (oop-vertoon en toeslaan-’punnet’) ‘n massaverlies van 2.01 – 3.12% gehad, terwyl die trosse in die 4.5 kg kartonkombinasie slegs ‘n 1.08% massaverlies gehad het. In die ondersoek na die effek van verskillende kartonvoerings op die verkoelingstempo en kwaliteitseienskappe van ‘Regal seedless’ tafeldruiwe tydens koelopbering, het die nie-geperforeerde kartonvoerings ‘n relatiewe humiditeit (RH) van byna 100 % gehandhaaf. Hierdie hoë humiditeit in die nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms het ‘n verlies in stingelkwaliteit vertraag, maar het die voorkoms van SO2-skade en loskorrels betekenisvol (P < 0.05) verhoog in vergelyking met geperforeerde voerings. Die geperforeerde voerings het vrugverkoelingstempos verbeter, maar het die RH betekenisvol (P ≤ 0.05) verlaag. Die lae RH in die geperforeerde voerings het gelei tot ‘n verhoging in stingeluitdroging en –verbruining in vergelyking met die nie-geperforeerde voerings. Die vogverliestempo uit druiwe verpak in nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms was betekenisvol (P<0.05) stadiger in vergelyking met druiwe verpak in geperforeerde voeringfilms (120 x 2 mm and 36 x 4 mm). Die effektiewe vogdiffusiewaardes vir stingelgedeeltes verpak in nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms was stadiger as vir stingelgedeeltes wat verpak is sonder verpakkingsvoerings, en het gevarieer van 5.06x10-14 – 1.05x10-13 m2s-1. Die uitdrogingstempo van stingelgedeeltes was omgekeerd eweredig aan die grootte (deursnit) van die stingelgedeeltes. Die uitdrogingstempo van stingels wat blootgestel was (sonder voerings) aan sirkulerende koue lug was betekenisvol (P<0.05) hoër as die uitdrogingstempos van stingels wat verpak was in nie-geperforeerde voeringfilms. Empiriese modelle is gebruik om die uitdrogingskinetika van die verskillende stingelgedeeltes te beskryf. Die potensiaal van koelkamer humidifisering in die vermindering van die uitdroging van druifstingels is ondersoek. Humidifisering het stingeluitdroging vertraag en het die tempo van stingeluitdroging en -verbruining verminder, maar dit het die voorkoms van SO2-skade op die tafeldruiftrosse verhoog en het die verpakkings laat nat word. Die bewegingsfenomeen tydens verkoeling en hantering van verpakte tafeldruiwe is ook ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van ‘n BVD model en is bevestig met eksperimentele resultate. Daar was goeie ooreenstemming tussen gemete en voorspelde resultate. Die resultaat demonstreer duidelik die toepaslikheid van BVD-modelle om die optimum tafeldruifverpakkings- en verkoelingsprosedures te bepaal.
PPECB and Postharvest Innovation Programme (PHI-2) for their financial support
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McCafferty, John. "Respiratory heat and moisture loss in health, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29259.

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It was hypothesized that Respiratory heat and moisture loss (RHML) would be altered in patients with Asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to the effects of airway inflammation and re-modeling. By designing a novel device incorporating humidity, temperature and flow sensors, RHML was measured in 25 normal controls, 33 asthmatics and 17 patients with COPD. In normal subjects RHML was found to be dependent on breathing pattern as defined by tidal volume and minute ventilation whereas no association was found between RHML and body surface area. At matched breathing patterns asthmatics whether in the exacerbation or stable group showed a small but significantly increased RHML compared to controls (exacerbation group-93.2 (SD=8.0), p=0.0003, stable group - 89.3 (SD=7.4), p=0.025 and controls 85 (SD=4.3) Joules/L). No significant difference was found in RHML between the asthmatics with an exacerbation and those with stable disease. COPD patients showed no significant difference in RHML (stable group-83 (SD=4.8), p=0.23 and exacerbation group-81 (5D=5.8), p=0.06 Joules/L) compared to controls or between exacerbation and stable groups. Evaporative heat loss accounted for the major heat transfer modality (up to 3-times the dry convective heat loss). It can be concluded that asthma is associated with a measurable increase in heat and moisture loss in breath and that this may reflect the inflammatory and vascular changes known to occur in the asthmatic airway. Further studies are required to assess whether the technique developed in this study may provide a practical means to measure inflammation in asthma.
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Nguyen, Gia Huynh Truong. "Evaluating soil erodibility parameters with mini-JET under various soil moisture conditions." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34526.

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Master of Science
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Aleksey Y. Sheshukov
Soil erosion is one of the main reasons for agricultural land degradation in the world. Losses of land because of high soil erosion rates and rapidly expanding population result in significant reduction of cultivated land area per capita, and shortage of food on the global scale. Soil erosion can be a major source of sediment in the aquatic systems leading to reduction of organism population and poor water quality. Many factors affect soil erodibility, such as, soil properties, rainfall, topographic features, land use, and management practices, among others. The impacts of soil moisture content, however, are not well understood and. therefore, the primary goal of this study was to quantify two soil erodibility parameters, the erodibility coefficient and critical shear stress, under different soil moisture conditions using the jet erosion test (JET). The JET test uses the apparatus (called mini-JET) that creates an impinging jet of water into the soil and records the resulting scour depth over time. The scour depth time series are then fitted into a non-linear soil erosion equation, yielding the sought values of erodibility parameters. For this study, more than 40 soil samples were collected from several sites in Kansas, processed, and prepared to conduct JET tests in the lab setting. The effects of tillage and soil moisture content were of interest to this study. The results showed varied effects of soil type and sample soil moisture condition on the scour depth development and parameters sensitivity. The critical shear stress decreased and the erodibility coefficient increased with the increase of initial moisture content for clay loam soil, while critical shear stress did not change for sandy loam soil. The study also revealed higher erosive properties of soil collected from the tilled field compared to the no-till field.
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Gregorich, Jenna L. "Effects of Induced Moisture Loss on Broiler Chicks Immune Response Post Salmonella enteritidis Lipopolysaccharide Challenge." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149985847613047.

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Books on the topic "Moisture Loss"

1

Morison, William Donald. The effects of moisture loss and elevated temperature upon the material damping of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. Downsview, Ont: Institute for Aerospace Studies, 1988.

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Morison, William Donald. The effects of moisture loss and elevated temperature upon the material damping of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. [Downsview, Ont.]: [Institute for Aerospace Studies], 1987.

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Murdoch, Christopher. Detection system to identify wetwood in standing living trees and in cut logs and boards. Beltsville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Technology Transfer Information Center, 1992.

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Hosang, Jürg. Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt von Lössböden im Niederen Sundgau (Region Basel): Messung und Modellierung. Basel: In Kommission beim Verlag Wepf, 1995.

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Morison, William Donald. The effects of moisture loss and elevated temperature upon the material damping of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. 1987.

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Institution, British Standards, ed. Methods of test for coffee and coffee products. Part 13. Roasted ground coffee: Determination of moisture content (loss in mass at 103 degrees Centigrade (routine method)).. London: British Standards Institution, 1995.

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1944-, Green David W., and Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Moisture content and the properties of lodgepole pine logs in bending and compression parallel to the grain. [Madison, WI?]: USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2007.

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Greenleatherr. Apple Cider Vinegar Therapy : Detoxify Your Body, Lose Weight, Moisturize, Exfoliate Skin + Dry Fasting: Guide to Miracle of Fasting. Independently Published, 2019.

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Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.

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The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.
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Book chapters on the topic "Moisture Loss"

1

Jeżowski, S., S. Ornatowski, J. Finnan, Z. Kaczmarek, and J. Cerazy. "Moisture Loss Rate in Grass Cut at Anthesis: Variation Among Selected Traditional Species." In Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World, 199–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44530-4_17.

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Sikora, Richard A., Jon Padgham, and Johan Desaeger. "The unpredictability of adapting integrated nematode management to climate variability." In Integrated nematode management: state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 463–71. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0064.

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Abstract The areas of concern regarding the future importance of climate change and variability on nematode damage and integrated management include: shifts in the distribution of nematodes, stimulation of additional generations, increased reproductive potential, development of more severe nematode-pathogen complexes, inability to monitor with remote sensing populations over multiple seasons, negative yield due to nematodes and reduced soil moisture levels, adapting integrated nematode management (INM) to highly volatile interannual fluctuations, loss of organic matter and soil antagonistic potential, lack of an effective in-season plant curative pesticide, enhancement of cumulative multi-species impact, and inactivation or loss of plant resistance to nematodes. This chapter reflects on some of the above points and how long-term climate change and increasing climate variability may impact nematodes, crop losses and potential modification of INM under climate change induced risk. It discusses climate change and climate variability in the context of INM, climate impacts on agricultural crops, critical climate change hotspots, climate influence on nematode biological processes, and the use of degree-days to monitor temperature effects on nematode development. The use of plant parasitic nematodes as research models and immediate priorities for improved near-term climate risk management within INM are also described.
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Dezhina, I. Yu. "Problem-Solving for Moisture Transport in Loess." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Construction, Architecture and Technosphere Safety, 211–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91145-4_21.

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Guo, Anbang, Wuyu Zhang, Lingxiao Liu, and Yanxia Ma. "Study on the Influence of Moisture Content on Mechanical Properties of Intact Loess in Qinghai, China." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 519–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_116.

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Chen, Zhifeng, Hui Li, Ningshan Jiang, and Chengkui Liu. "Experimental study on the shear strength of reinforced loess with purple locust under freeze-thaw process at different moisture contents." In Advances in Energy Materials and Environment Engineering, 116–23. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003332664-18.

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Bronger, A. "Argillic Horizons in Modern Loess Soils in an Ustic Soil Moisture Regime: Comparative Studies in Forest-Steppe and Steppe Areas from Eastern Europe and the United States." In Advances in Soil Science, 41–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3030-4_2.

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Roudaut, G., and F. Debeaufort. "Moisture loss, gain and migration in foods." In Food and Beverage Stability and Shelf Life, 63–105. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857092540.1.63.

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Verstreken, E., J. De Baerdemaeker, J. L. García, and M. Ruiz-Altisent. "CONTROLLING MOISTURE LOSS AS A TOOL TO REDUCE BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY." In Control Applications in Post-Harvest and Processing Technology 1995, 247–54. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042598-6.50040-0.

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Jolly, W. Matt, and Elliott T. Conrad. "A mechanistic live fuel moisture model." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 32–35. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_3.

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Wildland fires are a common global disturbance and many of these fires burn through mixtures of living and dead vegetation. Live fuels are unique because they regulate biomass and water content actively through processes such as photosynthesis or transpiration. The main goal of these processes is to maintain the growth and maintenance demands of the plants while minimising water loss. Historically, live fuel dynamics were assumed to be only driven by evaporative or drying processes and little attention was paid to the interplay between carbon and water dynamics. Here we present a mechanistic model of live fuel moisture (LFM) which is a critical component of live fuel flammability. The model decouples LFM into metrics that are easy to measure such as particle density, surface-area-to-volume ratio, leaf mass area and relative water content. Each metric serves as a proxy for important components of the seasonal water and carbon cycle or to capture inter-species variations in physical properties.We evaluate this model using field measurements of physical and chemical characteristics for a Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a common intermountain US tree species that commonly burns in crown fires. This simple, mechanistic model was effective at characterising the seasonal variations in LFM across both new and old foliage as a simple function of foliar density and relative water content (r2=0.984,p < 0.05) . Finally, we show how this decoupled model can be used to more appropriately parameterize a 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics based fire behaviour model to represent an appropriate live fuel moisture as the combined effects of biomass and moisture variations on canopy flammability.
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Hadden, Rory M., Zakary Campbell-Lochrie, Vasileios Koutsomarkos, Carlos Walker-Ravena, Eric V. Mueller, Andy F. S. Taylor, and I. Jason Owen. "The effects of fuel moisture on fire spread in shrub vegetation typical of upland heath systems in northern latitudes." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1323–29. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_200.

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Shrubs are the dominant fuel for wildfires in heathland systems. Despite this, there are relatively few studies which explore the processes of flame spread in shrub fuels. A series of laboratory flame spread experiments are used to identify the relationships between the fuel moisture content of the fuel components present in typical UK upland heath and the resulting fire spread dynamics. Measurements of energy release, flame spread rate and mass loss are made to characterise the burning of 2 m x 0.75 m fuel beds and heat flux measurements are made to record the magnitude of the propagating flux. Fuel moisture thresholds for fine and coarse fuel types required for fire spread are identified, and the magnitude of the in-bed heat fluxes are reported. From the observations, it is suggested that the leading edge of the flame front is driven by the moisture content of the fine dead material suspended in the heather canopy while the trailing edge is dominated by the burning of coarser fuels which supports the burning of fine green fuels. These findings allow further targeted experimental study and can be used to aid in determining fire effects.
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Conference papers on the topic "Moisture Loss"

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Barker, R., and E. Russell. "Variation of Clay Resistivity with Moisture Loss." In Near Surface 2004 - 10th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.10.p056.

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Berke, N. "Early age shrinkage and moisture loss of concrete." In International RILEM Symposium on Concrete Science and Engineering: A Tribute to Arnon Bentur. RILEM Publications SARL, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143586.021.

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J Alex Thomasson, Brandon E Hartley, John D Gibson, and Stephen W Searcy. "Moisture Loss and Ash Characterization of High-Tonnage Sorghum." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39554.

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FACEY, T., N. DEFILIPPIS, and P. YOUNG. "Moisture loss from graphite structures for the Hubble Space Telescope." In Shuttle Environment and Operations II Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-6057.

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Guo, T., W. J. Sumner, and D. C. Hofer. "Development of Highly Efficient Nuclear HP Steam Turbines Using Physics Based Moisture Loss Models." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27960.

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Turbines operating under wet steam conditions experience efficiency losses caused by the presence of moisture. A full understanding of these loss mechanisms is required for an accurate prediction of turbine performance. However, due to the extremely complicated nature of the wet steam flow, full numerical simulations are time consuming and expensive and have limited value for the turbine designers. The traditional empirical approach, though simple, generally offers no insight into the moisture loss mechanisms. As a result, little guidance is provided for design improvements. This paper presents a physics-based moisture loss prediction system that has been developed specifically for industrial applications. Three main categories of moisture losses are considered: homogeneous nucleation, thermodynamic (supersaturation) loss and mechanical loss. Two new correlations have been developed that provide a quick means for determining the Wilson Point location, resulting equilibrium moisture deficit and average size and number of the condensed moisture (fog). The thermodynamic losses produced by the non-equilibrium expansion of the wet steam beyond the Wilson Point are modeled using Young’s semi-analytical approach [23]. The mechanical moisture losses are modeled using the myriad of loss models available from the public domain. The combination of this new moisture loss model with existing steam path design tools has greatly improved our understanding of the moisture loss that occurs in wet steam expansions. In particular, it has provided significant insight into flow path design optimization for nuclear high pressure (HP) turbines. As a result, a new design methodology, Nuclear HP Dense Pack™, has been developed for the nuclear HP turbines. Preliminary results have shown this new design methodology has the capability of improving the section efficiency of existing nuclear HP steam turbines by 2-4% points.
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Aishwarya, G., and Dhivya Raj. "Moisture-loss prediction system in withering of pepper using machine learning." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONICS, SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0004202.

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Campu, Vasile Razvan. "MASS LOSS AND THE MEASUREMENT OF BEECH AND OAK PULPWOOD MOISTURE CONTENT." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.054.

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Trevisan, Lucas R., Mary-Grace C. Danao, Richard S. Gates, and Kent D. Rausch. "Variability of dry matter loss rates of 18% moisture soybeans at 35oC." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700991.

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Singh, Prabjit, and Michael Ellsworth. "Measuring Moisture Leakage Out of Water Cooling Hardware." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48154.

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Computer processor speeds have increased in recent years to the extent that water cooling is becoming an attractive and sometimes a necessary way of cooling the processors and their associated electronics. Water can conduct heat much faster than air, allowing processors to run at higher speeds at lower acoustic levels. The ability of water to cool computer electronics can be diminished, or even lost, if there is excessive loss of water by permeation through, or leaks past, the various materials and/or connections between materials. Knowing the rate of loss of coolant from cooling systems can help designers determine the maintenance procedures and schedules for their cooling systems. The paper describes a novel, accurate and convenient method for measuring the moisture leakage rates out of water-carrying hardware. The water-filled hardware under test is placed in a chamber that is purged dry with flowing nitrogen gas and the chamber is then sealed. The rate of rise of relative humidity in the chamber is used to determine the rate of moisture leakage out of the water-filled hardware. The errors arising from the hose terminations and the adsorption of moisture by the metal chamber walls and the plastic fittings can be accounted for and corrected. The test duration is typically less than 10 days. The paper presents examples of water leakage out of hoses and tubes and their terminations and out of quick connects.
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Madduri, Sushma, William Infantolino, Bahgat G. Sammakia, Seungbae Park, Haojun Zhang, and Satish C. Chaparala. "Moisture Concentration and Temperature Dependence of the Coefficient of Hygroscopic Swelling (CHS)." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12243.

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This paper presents an experimental and computational study done on an epoxy to determine the effect of moisture level and temperature on the Coefficient of Hygroscopic Swelling (CHS). When a non-hermetic package is exposed to a humid environment, the adhesives used in the package absorb moisture and swell. This can induce stresses in the package that can lead to failure. The Coefficient of Hygroscopic Swelling is defined as the ratio of hygroscopic strain to the moisture concentration in the material. It has been found from prior literature that hygroscopic strains are significant and have to be accounted for in reliability modeling [1]. Prior research investigated the measurement of CHS experimentally using techniques such as thermo mechanical analysis (TMA) [1] [2], moire´ interferometry [3], and digital image correlation (DIC) [4]. An experimental method using the TMA technique was used to measure the CHS [1], but further analysis using improved techniques was recommended to get a more precise measurement. One of the goals of this paper was to investigate experimental and numerical techniques that would help better understand various factors that affect the measurement. This paper focuses on measurement of CHS for an epoxy used in optoelectronic packaging. The DIC technique was chosen for measurement of CHS. Moisture loss during the test leads to a change in the moisture concentration in the sample. While it may be thought that the moisture loss during the DIC scan can be assumed negligible due to the short test time compared to other methods, this assumption did not hold well for the epoxy material tested. The ramp rate chosen for the measurement will affect the amount of moisture lost from the sample. This has to be carefully chosen to minimize the moisture loss. These effects have to be accounted for in the CHS computation. The CHS value calculated will be significantly affected if these factors are high within the range of the measurement. This paper describes the investigation to minimize such effects in the measurement of CHS and attempts to account for them using computational methods. The CHS of an epoxy material was measured and its dependence on temperature and moisture concentration was determined.
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Reports on the topic "Moisture Loss"

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Reyes, Julian, Jeb Williamson, and Emile Elias. Spatio-temporal analysis of Federal crop insurance cause of loss data: A roadmap for research and outreach effort. U.S. Department of Agriculture, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7202608.ch.

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Federal crop insurance provides a financial safety net for farmers against insured perils such as drought, heat, and freeze. In 2016 over $100 billion dollars of crops were insured through the Federal crop insurance program administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency. In this white paper, we analyze publicly-available Federal crop insurance data to understand how weather and climate-related perils, or causes of loss (COL), change over time and spatial areas. We find that over 75% of all weather/climate-related indemnities (i.e., crop losses) from 2001 to 2016 are due to three COL: drought, excess moisture, and hail. However, the extent to which these top COL and others impact indemnities is highly dependent on the time period, temporal scale, and spatial scale of analysis. Moreover, we identify what COL are region- or season-specific, and visualize COL trends over time. Finally, we offer a road map of research applications to quantify such trends in indemnities, as well as outreach and extension efforts that include an online data portal.
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Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Fire Service Summary Report: Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/pxtq2256.

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Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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Kerber, Steve, and Robin Zevotek. Study of Residential Attic Fire Mitigation Tactics and Exterior Fire Spread Hazards on Firefighter Safety Released. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/lihb1439.

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Attic fires pose many hazards for the fire service. When a fire occurs in an attic, it is common it goes unnoticed/reported until smoke or flames are visible from the outside of the structure. Because they take longer to detect, attic fires are more dangerous for firefighters and residents. In a fire situation, the attic ventilation system, which is designed to reduce moisture accumulation by drawing fresh air low from the eaves and exhausting moisture laden warm air near the peak, create an optimal fire growth and spread situation by supplying oxygen to the fire and exhausting hot gases. An estimated 10,000 residential attic fires are reported to U.S. fire departments each year and cause an estimated 30 civilian deaths, 125 civilian injuries and $477 million in property loss. The location of the attic creates several difficulties for the fire service. Firefighters must decide whether to fight the fire from inside the structure, from the outside or a combination of the two. This the decision is complicated by the constant hazard of ceiling collapse, which has the potential to rapidly deteriorate conditions in the living spaces. A piece of gypsum board may fall or be pulled from the ceiling making the relatively clear and cool conditions in the living space change very quickly endangering firefighters executing a search and rescue operation as part of their life safety mission. Further complicating the decision are the hazards associated with roof structure collapse, creating deadly conditions for firefighters operating on and under the roof. Structural collapse accounted for 180 firefighter deaths between 1979 and 2002 of which one-third occurred in residential structures . Many of these incidents involved a roof falling on firefighters or firefighters falling through the roof during firefighting operations on attic fires. The purpose of this study is to increase firefighter safety by providing the fire service with scientific knowledge on the dynamics of attic and exterior fires and the influence of coordinated fire mitigation tactics from full-scale fire testing in realistic residential structures.
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Levitt, Daniel G., Kay Hanson Birdsell, Terry L. Jennings, and Sean B. French. Moisture Monitoring at Area G, Technical Area 54, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1188170.

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Palaz, I. Application of geophysical logs to estimate moisture-content profiles in unsaturated tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/59847.

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Geddis, A. M. Preliminary modeling of moisture movement in the tuff beneath Mortandad Canyon, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/139787.

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Levitt, Daniel Glenn, Kay Hanson Birdsell, Terry L. Jennings, and Sean B. French. Moisture Monitoring at Area G, Technical Area 54, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2016 Status Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1340939.

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Green, David W., Thomas M. Gorman, Joseph F. Murphy, and Matthew B. Wheeler. Moisture content and the properties of lodgepole pine logs in bending and compression parallel to the grain. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-639.

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9

Dai, Zhenxue, Kay Hanson Birdsell, Philip H. Stauffer, and Brent David Newman. Simulations of Moisture Movement through Pits 37 and 38 at Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 54, Area G. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1438349.

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10

Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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Abstract:
The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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