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1
Huang, Leping, Ying Chen, Zhaobao Xu, Cui He, Youmu Li, Jinchao Zhao, and Youhong Tang. "Regulating Al2O3/PAN/PEG Nanofiber Membranes with Suitable Phase Change Thermoregulation Features." Nanomaterials 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2023): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13162313.
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To address the thermal comfort needs of the human body, the development of personal thermal management textile is critical. Phase change materials (PCMs) have a wide range of applications in thermal management due to their large thermal storage capacity and their isothermal properties during phase change. However, their inherent low thermal conductivity and susceptibility to leakage severely limit their application range. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the PCM and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the polymer backbone, and the thermal conductivity was increased by adding spherical nano-alumina (Al2O3). Utilizing coaxial electrospinning technology, phase-change thermoregulated nanofiber membranes with a core-shell structure were created. The study demonstrates that the membranes perform best in terms of thermal responsiveness and thermoregulation when 5% Al2O3 is added. The prepared nanofiber membranes have a melting enthalpy of 60.05 J·g−1 and retain a high enthalpy after 50 cycles of cold and heat, thus withstanding sudden changes in ambient temperature well. Additionally, the nanofiber membranes have excellent air permeability and high moisture permeability, which can increase wearer comfort. As a result, the constructed coaxial phase change thermoregulated nanofiber membranes can be used as a promising textile for personal thermal management.
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Пожилов-Несміян, Г. М., Н. П. Супрун, and Т. В. Гірна. "РОЗРОБКА АПЛІКАЦІЙНИХ ВКЛАДОК У ШВЕЙНІ ВИРОБИ ДЛЯ ЛЮДЕЙ З ІНВАЛІДНІСТЮ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 142, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.1.6.
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Determination of the influence of raw material composition and structure of textile composite materials with fibrous carbon sorbent on their moisture absorption properties. Two-layer and three-layer composite application napkins were obtained by thermal connection of non-woven needle punch fabrics with carbon fabric. In experimental studies standardized methods for determining of moisture sorption and moisture drying rates were used. It is estimated that daily long-term stay of people with spinal injuries in a wheelchair in a fixed sitting position contributes to the occurrence of ulcers in the places where the bones extend close to the skin surface. It is proposed for people with limited motor ability to use on these places in the apparel garments appliqué linings of therapeutic and prophylactic purpose on the basis of active fibrous carbon sorbents. To provide the necessary prolonged in time sorption-kinetic properties, a number of composite textile materials were produced by the method of thermal connection, in which the medical carbon fabric was combined with needle-punched nonwoven web structures, obtained on the basis of natural plant fibers. The investigation of the influence of raw material composition and structure of nonwoven base on the peculiarities of moisture absorption and drying of such systems have proved the possibility of directed regulation of these processes. The influence of the type of non-woven bases on the peculiarities of regulating the processes of moisture absorption and moisture removal of application composites based on natural plant fibers with carbon fabric is determined. A new range of textile application composite materials with adjustable moisture-transport properties has been developed for use as tabs in medical and preventive garments at places of contact with pressure ulcers.
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Santos, Gilda, Rita Marques, Miguel Pinto, Francisco Pinheiro, and Patricia Ferreira. "Innovative clothing system for protection against perforation." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 1, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2020.1.p121-129.
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Opuntia ficus-indica is a cactus species that has a large potential in several applications. Despite its enormous potential, the production process is still a concern. The harvest process is still mostly manual and implies a dangerous exposure of the human being not only to harsh environmental conditions such as high temperatures but also to the big and resistant spines of the Opuntia ficus-indica. To fulfill the lack of suitable protection equipment for this specific activity, emerged a project with the aim of producing an innovative clothing system composed by textile structures that can act as a barrier to spines and glochids without compromising breathability and presenting a suitable fitting, ergonomics and freedom of movements. This paper will focus on the development of a multilayer clothing system in which the outer layer provide protection against perforation and the inner layer acts like a second skin providing thermal comfort and freedom of movement, so the producers can withstand high temperatures. Concerning the inner layer, several textile structures were developed to analyze the impact on breathability, moisture management and thermal regulation. For the outer layer more than 20 fabrics were developed and submitted to laboratory tests to study their perforation and tearing resistance (according to EN 388).Afterward two structures were selected to proceed and new finishing’s were developed to prevent the adhesion of the glochids to the textile substrate and simultaneously to give water repellency. Results achieved for the clothing solution from laboratory and field tests with end-users, will be presented.
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McCann, Jane. "Design for Ageing Well: Improving the Quality of Life for the Ageing Population Using a Technology Enabled Garment System." Advances in Science and Technology 60 (September 2008): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.60.154.
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We are at the beginning of a new industrial revolution with the merging of textiles and electronics. Current markets for clothing and electronics have been separate. Medical devices have been developed for ‘ill people’ with little aesthetic appeal and wearable technology has not been readily accepted by some intended markets due to badly designed user-interfaces. Little has been done to address the design requirements of older wearers with regard to aspects of human physiology in terms of sizing, fit, predominant posture, thermal regulation, moisture management, protection and the psychological ‘feel good factor’. Emerging technologies may be confusing to traditional clothing designers, while electronics and medical experts are not normally conversant with textile technology. A shared 'language' and vision is needed to easily communicate between these sectors and older wearers. The application of smart textiles in a clothing ‘layering system’ may enhance the quality of life of the active ageing. To be acceptable, clothing must be comfortable, stylish and function reliably in relation to the technical, aesthetic and cultural userneeds. This paper will focus on the needs of the 65-75 year old age group who have experienced the influence of design throughout their lives. A design methodology, driven by meaningful end-user research, will be introduced that addresses the potential for a comfortable and stylish clothing system to promote the wellness and autonomy of this growing community.
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Howie, Nicholas, and Samuel Rabey. "A Meta-Analysis on the Advancement on the thermodynamic properties of clothing in extreme cold environments." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 6 (May 24, 2019): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v6i0.1548.
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When two systems with different energies are in contact, the heat from the higher energy system will move into the lower energy system and the two will reach equilibrium. Humans in extreme cold environments will perish if they do not keep appropriate heat contained within their system and thus it is the object of much historic research to maintain heat within a system for as long as possible. Research and development of cold weather clothing focuses on a range of methods regulating heat flow between clothing layers. Modern research focuses on air gaps between layers of clothing, development of new conventional insulating textiles and contemporary solutions such as the use of Phases Change [1]. The purpose of this paper is to conglomerate all of the current research into one meta-analysis highlighting the gaps in the research and potential areas in need of further study, and to propose a new article of cold weather apparel utilizing the most effective advancements from the papers collected in this study. It was found that each component of cold climate clothing affects an aspect of thermal resistivity. Thickness affects the windchill resistance, the specific heat increases thermal resistance of the fabric, while humidity increases thermal conductivity, air gaps reduce it and the rigidity affects all of these factors. Our findings suggest if the air gaps are above 8 mm, natural convection currents can occur which increase the thermal and moisture transfer between clothing layers. By analysing all of these factors, a new prototype garment was able to be proposed.
Keywords: Cold environment; clothing; thermoregulation.
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GOHAR, EMADELDIN SAYED, and ADNAN AHMED MAZARI. "Thermal performance of protective clothing (firefighter) under extreme ambient conditions." Industria Textila 74, no. 05 (October 31, 2023): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.074.05.20237.
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Protective clothing is made up of multiple layers of textile, which include thermal barrier, moisture barrier, chemical protection and heat radiation protection layers etc. This clothing is commonly used by workers working in the chemical industry, blast furnaces, glass industry, industrial boilers and many more. The ambient conditions for these workplaces are humid and hot in which the clothing is designed for the external protection of heat and fluids but the neglected issue is the internal heat and moisture accumulation. This makes the clothing extremely uncomfortable and significantly reduces the workability of the wearer. The multi-layered structure of this clothing causes the body moisture and heat to trap in between layers, which in extreme ambient conditions like working near the furnace or flash fire causes body burns, these “steam burns” are common and considered to be caused by the condensed moisture trapped in the layers of protective garment. This research aims to firstly investigate the moisture flow through hybrid textile layers and its effect on heat transfer and then secondly to see the impact of extreme radiation flux on the moisture flow inside the textile layers and improvement by using Aerogels.
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Gu, Hai Lan, and Wei Zhang. "Optimization Research in Heat-Moisture Comfort Evaluation System Parameters of Fabric Based on Matlab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1514.
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Heat-moisture comfort of the fabric is an important part to judge its performance. The research of heat-moisture is a frontier topic in the field of modern textile technology, increasingly brought to the attention of the national textile field researchers and become a hot issue worldwide.This topic research personnel, in the use of multiple regression analysis method to establish the fabric heat transfer law of mathematical model, using the method of unified goal of thermal and moisture comfortable building fabric performance comprehensive evaluation system, based on the thermal wet comfort properties of fabrics parameters optimization research. In establishing the evaluation system of fabric heat-moisture comfort performance, mathematical knowledge-based on Matlab software is a tool to solve practical problems. Heat-moisture transfer fabric and strive to build a mathematical model of the law, as well as comprehensive evaluation system of heat-moisture comfort performance, providing an important reference for technical textile enterprises to develop new products, enhance and improve the performance of the heat and moisture comfort of fabric.
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Hes, Lubos, Roshan Unmar, and Satyadeo Rosunee. "Factors influencing precision of determination of thermal parameters of textile fabrics." Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 9, no. 4 (August 11, 2023): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00341.
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Published data of thermal conductivity of particularly natural textile materials can be incorrect, due to uneasy way of testing of this parameter. Moreover, these data can be strongly affected by moisture of these materials. In the paper, the mentioned and other factors, which reduce the precision of thermal insulation and thermal contact properties of textile fabrics are presented and discussed.
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Schönfisch, David, Michael Göddel, Jörg Blinn, Christian Heyde, Heiko Schlarb, Wim Deferme, and Antoni Picard. "New Type of Thermal Moisture Sensor for in‐Textile Measurements." physica status solidi (a) 216, no. 12 (February 14, 2019): 1800765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201800765.
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Wijenayaka, Lahiru A., Ruchira N. Wijesena, Nadeeka D. Tissera, W. R. L. Nisansala Bandara, Gehan J. Amaratunga, and K. M. Nalin De Silva. "Infrared absorbing nanoparticle impregnated self-heating fabrics for significantly improved moisture management under ambient conditions." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 5 (May 2021): 202222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202222.
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Propensity of a textile material to evaporate moisture from its surface, commonly referred to as the ‘moisture management’ ability, is an important characteristic that dictates the applicability of a given textile material in the activewear garment industry. Here, an infrared absorbing nanoparticle impregnated self-heating (IRANISH) fabric is developed by impregnating tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanoparticles into a polyester fabric through a facile high-pressure dyeing approach. It is observed that under simulated solar radiation, the impregnated ITO nanoparticles can absorb IR radiation, which is effectively transferred as thermal energy to any moisture present on the fabric. This transfer of thermal energy facilitates the enhanced evaporation of moisture from the IRANISH fabric surface and as per experimental findings, a 54 ± 9% increase in the intrinsic drying rate is observed for IRANISH fabrics compared with control polyester fabrics that are treated under identical conditions, but in the absence of nanoparticles. Approach developed here for improved moisture management via the incorporation of IR absorbing nanomaterials into a textile material is novel, facile, efficient and applicable at any stage of garment manufacture. Hence, it allows us to effectively overcome the limitations faced by existing yarn-level and structural strategies for improved moisture management.
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Cherunova, I. V., L. Osipenko, and M. Stenkina. "Influence of Structure and Composition of the Fibrous Materials on the Performance Characteristics of Thermal Protection Structures with Combined Functions." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.65.
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In the article research results are presented, the aim of which is to provide high quality and reliability while using heat-protective structures for machines and people. Textile materials perform important function contacting moisture in the atmosphere. Results of moist environment textile structure and properties research are also presented here. It was established that multilayer structure with free elementary cells, including knitwear, for the purposes of barrier maintenance of moisture level is not sufficient. Based on the performed experimental research, new characteristics and properties pattern defining behavior of materials while contacting liquids (wetting, capillarity, moisture, hygroscopy) are established. Recommendations relating to groups and samples of textile materials are given. The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.
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Eryuruk, Selin Hanife. "Effect of Fabric Layers on Thermal Comfort Properties of Multilayered Thermal Protective Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0051.
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Abstract Thermal protective clothings are produced from multilayered textile materials. Fabric layers need to allow enough evaporation of perspiration, ventilation, and also thermal protection from fire. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fabric layers and their different combinations on the thermal properties of multilayered fabric samples. Three-layered fabric combinations were created using two types of outer shell fabrics, four types of moisture barrier fabrics with membrane, and two types of thermal barrier fabrics. Sixteen different fabric combinations that simulate three-layered thermal protective clothing were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that thermal and moisture comfort properties were significantly affected by different fabric layers.
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Wang, Jiemin, Quanxiang Li, Dan Liu, Cheng Chen, Zhiqiang Chen, Jian Hao, Yinwei Li, Jin Zhang, Minoo Naebe, and Weiwei Lei. "High temperature thermally conductive nanocomposite textile by “green” electrospinning." Nanoscale 10, no. 35 (2018): 16868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr05167d.
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Islam, Md Rashedul, Kevin Golovin, and Patricia I. Dolez. "Clothing Thermophysiological Comfort: A Textile Science Perspective." Textiles 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2023): 353–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles3040024.
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Thermophysiological comfort is a crucial aspect of human life, contributing to health and work performance. The current paper aims to enhance the understanding of current research, progress, and remaining challenges regarding clothing thermophysiological comfort from a textile science perspective. It provides a comprehensive review of several facets of clothing thermophysiological comfort, focusing on the history of thermophysiological comfort prediction models, heat and moisture transfer mechanisms in the skin–clothing–environment system, controlling factors of thermophysiological comfort, textile materials for superior thermophysiological comfort, and thermal comfort assessment techniques. The paper shows that previously developed thermophysiological comfort models were mainly based on the human thermoregulation process. However, the effect of the air gap size between the human skin and the cloth layer, i.e., the microclimate, on the heat and moisture transfer in the skin–clothing–environment system has been largely overlooked. In addition, thermophysiological comfort models of skin–clothing–environment systems generally only considered dry thermal resistance and evaporative resistance, yet many other fabric properties have effects on human thermophysiological comfort. Potential future directions are identified to fill some of the current gaps. A conceptual model of clothing comfort to contribute to a better understanding of thermophysiological comfort is also proposed.
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Schönfisch, David, Michael Göddel, Jörg Blinn, Christian Heyde, Heiko Schlarb, Wim Deferme, and Antoni Picard. "Miniaturized and Thermal‐Based Measurement System to Measure Moisture in Textile Materials." physica status solidi (a) 217, no. 13 (April 22, 2020): 1900835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900835.
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Stankovic, Snezana. "Transport properties and permeability of textile materials." Chemical Industry 77, no. 3 (2023): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind230921022s.
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Heat and mass transfer through textile fabrics play a crucial role in achieving optimal thermal comfort perception by a person. The governing properties of textile fabrics by which they influence heat and mass transfer from the human skin to the environment are thermal transport capacity, water vapor permeability, and air permeability. The transfer of liquid moisture through textiles is important for thermal comfort during frequent changes in physical activity or climate. Despite numerous studies on the transport properties of textile materials over the past years, investigation in this subject area is still needed. This special issue includes five articles that offer valuable information on the subject. Both commercial and specially designed textile structures were investigated within the presented studies with the ambitious goal of providing a new understanding of their transport properties. Within the first four papers presented, certain aspects of heat and mass transfer through textile materials were analyzed at the three scale levels: microscopic (fiber type), mesoscopic (yarn geometry and fineness), and macroscopic (fabric porosity) levels. The fifth article dealt with the influence of the seam type and the sewing thread fineness on the transport properties of the seamed structure.
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Chan, Mei-Ki, Pui-Ling Li, Kit-Lun Yick, Joanne Yip, and Sun-Pui Ng. "Exploration of Textile–Silicone Composites and Materials for Personal Impact-Resistant Protection." Materials 17, no. 6 (March 21, 2024): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17061439.
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Conventional cushioning materials such as silicone sheets which have been recommended for resisting impact generally cause discomfort to the wearer from heat and perspiration. With the increasing need for personal protective equipment, textile–silicone composite structures are proposed in this study to reduce acute impact and moisture while enhancing thermal comfort. The influence of the composite structure and thickness on the mechanical and thermal properties of textile–silicone materials are systematically investigated. The results show that an additional knitted powernet fabric as a composite material can significantly improve the tensile properties of silicone rubber by up to 315%. However, only a slight improvement is found in the thermal conductivity (up to 16%), compression elasticity (up to 18%) and force reduction performance (up to 3.6%). As compared to inlaid spacer fabric, which has also been used for cushioning and preserving thermal comfort, the textile–silicone composites have higher tensile and compression elasticity, exhibit force reduction with the largest difference of 43% and are more thermally conductive, with increases more than 38%. The findings of this study introduced a cost-effective new silicone–textile composite for optimal impact protection and wear comfort for protective applications.
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Wang, Yuanfeng, Xin Liang, He Zhu, John H. Xin, Qi Zhang, and Shiping Zhu. "Reversible Water Transportation Diode: Temperature‐Adaptive Smart Janus Textile for Moisture/Thermal Management." Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 6 (December 5, 2019): 1907851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201907851.
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Dai, Bing, Kan Li, Lianxin Shi, Xizi Wan, Xi Liu, Feilong Zhang, Lei Jiang, and Shutao Wang. "Bioinspired Janus Textile with Conical Micropores for Human Body Moisture and Thermal Management." Advanced Materials 31, no. 41 (August 28, 2019): 1904113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904113.
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Chen, Yen-Chi, Ding-Hong Weng, and Ying-Chih Liao. "Spontaneous self-draining droplet transport system on textile for moisture and thermal management." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 155 (February 2024): 105317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2023.105317.
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Novakovic, Milada, Jovana Milanovic, Dragana Grujic, and Snezana Stankovic. "Liquid transfer properties of textile fabrics as a function of moisture content." Chemical Industry 74, no. 2 (2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind190925008n.
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Liquid transport in textile fabrics determines thermal comfort during high physical activity of a person when liquid perspiration is produced and needs to be transferred away from the skin to keep the thermal balance. In this investigation, an attempt was made to get some indications of how the combination of the fabric composition, geometry and dimensional stability, and the moisture content influences liquid transfer properties of plain weft knitted fabrics. Therefore, the knitted fabrics made from pure hydrophilic (hemp fibres), pure hydrophobic (acrylic fibres) and a hydrophilic/hydrophobic (hemp/acrylic) fibre blend underwent a trial wear and care period. The Malden Mills water distribution test was performed for the knitted fabrics with different moisture contents (0-30 %) in order to evaluate the effect on liquid transfer properties. Water transfer ability and water holding capacity of the knitted fabrics were also determined after undergoing the wear trial test. The obtained results were analysed with respect to macro and micro scales of porosity of knitted fabrics. It has been shown that the geometric configuration of the complex porous network in knitted fabrics influenced their liquid transfer properties in the whole moisture content range regardless of the composition. Despite the reconfiguration of the pore system in the knits during the trial period, their liquid transfer properties were still dependent on the pore size and distribution.
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Wu, Ning Ning, Li Qian Huang, and Jian Yong Yu. "Structure and Properties of Novel Modified Polyester Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.55.
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The structure and properties of the fiber affect its processing and wearing performance of the textile product. There are 3 kinds of novel polyester fibers modified by copolymerization. To make good use of these modified polyester fibers and predict their processing and wearing performance, the structure and properties of the fibers were characterized by cross section, crystallinity, moisture regain, tensile test, DSC and TG. Results show that the 2 of the modified fibers are profiled fibers with lower crystallinity and higher moisture regain. The mechanical properties of the modified fibers are worse than that of the ordinary polyester, but much better than cotton fiber. The modified polyester fibers are more thermal sensitive than ordinary polyester fiber. The heat treatment temperature of them in the textile processing should be controlled more carefully than ordinary polyester fibers.
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Niles, Nilhan, and Vithursha Vijayarajah. "A study of the effect of PEG-1000 phase change materials coating on selected fabric properties." Journal of Industrial Textiles 52 (August 2022): 152808372211230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15280837221123066.
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Phase change materials (PCM) are materials that are used as latent heat storage media due to their ability to undergo change from one phase to another. The use of PCM to enhance the temperature self-regulating feature of textiles has become prevalent in recent times. A PCM is incorporated into the textile substrate using various means, one of which is coating. However, the process of coating the textile substrate with the PCM material, as well as the effect of the material itself, may result in the reduction of certain key properties of the textile material. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a Sodium Alginate microencapsulated PEG-1000 coating (applied by the pad-dry-cure method) on selected properties of a 100% polyester single jersey knitted fabric, namely bursting strength, thickness, drape coefficient, air permeability, moisture regain and fabric weight. The material and coating were selected on the basis of availability, use and cost. The study showed that the coating provided small increases in the bursting strength, weight, moisture regain and thickness, and a substantial increase in the drape coefficient of the fabric. The air permeability could not be properly assessed due to an instrument error. As such the coating could be presumed to have caused a slight impairment to the overall comfort of the fabric.
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Neral, Branko, Selestina Gorgieva, and Manja Kurečič. "Decontamination Efficiency of Thermal, Photothermal, Microwave, and Steam Treatments for Biocontaminated Household Textiles." Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 3667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123667.
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With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, textile laundering hygiene has proved to be a fundamental measure in preventing the spread of infections. The first part of our study evaluated the decontamination efficiency of various treatments (thermal, photothermal, and microwave) for bio contaminated textiles. The effects on textile decontamination of adding saturated steam into the drum of a household textile laundering machine were investigated and evaluated in the second part of our study. The results show that the thermal treatment, conducted in a convection heating chamber, provided a slight reduction in efficiency and did not ensure the complete inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus on cotton swatches. The photothermal treatment showed higher reduction efficiency on contaminated textile samples, while the microwave treatment (at 460 W for a period of 60 s) of bio contaminated cotton swatches containing higher moisture content provided satisfactory bacterial reduction efficiency (more than 7 log steps). Additionally, the treatment of textiles in the household washing machine with the injection of saturated steam into the washing drum and a mild agitation rhythm provided at least a 7 log step reduction in S. aureus. The photothermal treatment of bio contaminated cotton textiles showed promising reduction efficiency, while the microwave treatment and the treatment with saturated steam proved to be the most effective.
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OWAIS RAZA, SIDDIQUI MUHAMMAD, BALOCH ZEHRA, NOORANI MUHAMMAD USAMA, IQBAL KASHIF, ZUBAIR MUHAMMAD, and SUN DANMEI. "Modelling method to evaluate the thermo-regulating behaviour of micro-encapsulated PCMs coated fabric." Industria Textila 73, no. 01 (March 5, 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.01.202143.
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Micro-encapsulated Phase Change Materials (MicroPCMs) have been widely used to enhance the thermal comfort of the clothing; they can be applied to fabric by various techniques including the coating process. Phase change material (PCM) has a unique property of latent heat that can absorb and release energy over a constant temperature range which enhances the thermal comfort of the clothing microenvironment. PCM textile structures are used in making smart textiles and thermo-regulated garments. An advanced modelling technique was successfully established to develop a finite element model of woven fabrics coated by MicroPCMs, the developed model was used to simulate and predict the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance
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Novakovic, Milada, Lana Putic, Matejka Bizjak, and Snezana Stankovic. "Moisture management properties of plain knitted fabrics made of natural and regenerated cellulose fibres." Chemical Industry 69, no. 2 (2015): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind140201034n.
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Moisture management is a complicated process which is known to be influenced by a variety of fabric characteristics such as fibre nature (hydrophilic or hydrophobic), porosity and thickness. There are different aspects of the moisture management properties of textile materials since water transport in textile materials can be in the form of liquid and vapour. The ability of textile materials to transfer water vapour allows the human body to keep thermal balance due to evaporation. With stronger physical activity of a person when the body produces a large amount of heat, the skin perspiration increases (in order to regulate the body temperature) and liquid sweat should be taken from the skin, otherwise it will worsen the sense of comfort. The aim of this research was to investigate the factors influencing moisture management properties of plain knitted fabrics at the three scale levels, i.e. microscopic (fibre type), mesoscopic (yarn geometry) and macroscopic (fabric porosity) levels. Plain knitted fabrics were produced from the two-assembled hemp, cotton and viscose yarns under controlled conditions so as to be comparable in basic construction characteristics, but varying in yarns geometry. Evaporative resistance test reflecting vapour transport and water distribution test reflecting liquid transport in the knitted fabrics were conducted. To determine the statistical importance of the results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. As a consequence of the geometry and deformation behaviour of the fibres used and spinning techniques applied, the yarns differed in both packing density and surface geometry, thus determining the pore distribution. Due to loose structure of the cotton yarn, the cotton knitted fabric was characterised by the lowest free open surface (macroporosity) exhibiting the lowest both water vapour and liquid permeability. Although having the highest macroporosity, the water vapour and liquid transport capability of the hemp knitted fabric was lower than that of the viscose knit. The best moisture management properties of the viscose knitted fabric were resulted from viscose affinity for water absorption and increased surface area of the viscose yarn. The results obtained proved that variations in any of the hierarchical structure levels can modify moisture transport ability of textile fabrics. Therefore, the moisture management properties of textile materials can be guided in a desired direction by the appropriate selection of fibres and careful design of yarn structure.
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Dai, Xiao-Qun, and George Havenith. "The interaction of clothing ventilation with dry and evaporative heat transfer of jackets." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2015-0135.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of air and vapor permeability of jacket materials on ventilation, heat and moisture transfer. Design/methodology/approach Clothing ventilation (V), thermal insulation (I) and vapor resistance (R e ) of three jackets made of different materials (normal textile, PVC and “breathable” membrane coated textile), worn on an articulated thermal manikin in a controlled climate chamber, were measured under various conditions, respectively. The various conditions of microenvironment ventilation were created by making the manikin stand and walk, combined with three wind speeds of <0.2, 0.4 and 2.0 m/s, respectively. Findings In the condition without any forced convection, the air permeability makes no big difference to dry and evaporative heat transfer among the jackets, while the vapor permeability plays a big role in the evaporative heat loss. In the condition with forced convection, the dry heat diffusion is strongly coupled to the evaporative heat transfer in air and vapor permeable textile material. Research limitations/implications The effects of ventilation on heat and moisture transfer varies because of different ways of ventilation arising: penetration through the fabric is proven to be the most effective way in vapor transfer although it does not seem as helpful for dry heat diffusion. Originality/value The achievements in this paper deepens the understanding of the process of the dry and evaporative heat transfer through clothing, provides clothing designer guidance to choose proper materials for a garment, especially work clothing.
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Yang, Kai, Ming Li Jiao, and Zheng Wang. "Study on the Effect of Cotton Fabric's Weight on its Dynamic Heat and Moisture Comfort Property." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.763.
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A series of experiments was performed on studying the dynamic heat and moisture transferring procedure and evaluating heat and moisture comfort properties of different weight cotton fabrics. In experiments, the real time changes of temperature and relative humidity in inner and outer surfaces of different cotton fabrics were measured using self-made textile-microclimate measuring instrument. Then, the temperature and relative humidity in inner surface of fabric, and the difference of temperature and relative humidity between inner and outer surfaces of fabric were analyzed. Finally, in order to evaluate cotton fabric's dynamic heat comfort property and dynamic moisture comfort property comprehensively, two dynamic values were introduced to make evaluation. Results show that as the increase of cotton fabric's weight, fabric will have better thermal insulation performance and worse moisture permeability performance.
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Ahmad, Mohd Rozi. "Evaluation of the Moisture Management, Air and Water Vapour Permeabilities of Knitted Fabrics for Garments." Scientific Research Journal 20, no. 2 (September 21, 2023): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v20i2.21920.
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The market today offers a variety of fabrics that may be utilised to create any style of clothing. Fabrics are periodically altered as a result of technology’s continual growth, to the point that it became difficult for clothes makers to assess the fabric characteristics related to thermal comfort. This paper reports some investigations on the moisture management and permeability properties of several commercial knitted fabrics intended for garment application. The fabric’s ability to manage moisture as well as its air and water vapour permeability were assessed. A fabric rating index was used to combine the results from each test to determine the fabric’s thermal comfort characteristics. Among the five knitted fabrics, the fabric comprised of nylon & polyester with jersey structure gave the highest assessment rating which is 5. The study serves as a future reference for future textile and garment industry, that implement the laboratory method used in this paper i.e moisture management, water vapour and air permeability in choosing the better thermal comfort qualities for general wear.
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Verbič, Anja, Marija Gorjanc, and Barbara Simončič. "Zinc Oxide for Functional Textile Coatings: Recent Advances." Coatings 9, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090550.
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The use of ZnO for the functionalization of textile substrates is growing rapidly, since it can provide unique multifunctional properties, such as photocatalytic self-cleaning, antimicrobial activity, UV protection, flame retardancy, thermal insulation and moisture management, hydrophobicity, and electrical conductivity. This paper aims to review the recent progress in the fabrication of ZnO-functionalized textiles, with an emphasis on understanding the specificity and mechanisms of ZnO action that impart individual properties to the textile fibers. The most common synthesis and application processes of ZnO to textile substrates are summarized. The influence of ZnO concentration, particle size and shape on ZnO functionality is presented. The importance of doping and coupling procedures to enhance ZnO performance is highlighted. The need to use binding and seeding agents to increase the durability of ZnO coatings is expressed. In addition to functional properties, the cytotoxicity of ZnO coatings is also discussed. Future directions in the use of ZnO for textile functionalization are identified as well.
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Das, Brojeswari, A. Das, V. K. Kothari, R. Fanguiero, and M. de Araújo. "MOISTURE TRANSMISSION THROUGH TEXTILES." AUTEX Research Journal 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2007-070204.
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Abstract Moisture transmission through textiles has a great influence on the thermo-physiological comfort of the human body which is maintained by perspiring both in vapour and liquid form. The clothing to be worn should allow this perspiration to be transferred to the atmosphere in order to maintaining the thermal balance of the body. Diffusion, absorption-desorption and convection of vapour perspiration along with wetting and wicking of liquid perspiration play a significant role in maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. The scientific understanding of the processes involved in moisture transmission through textiles and the factors affecting these processes are important to designing fabrics and clothing assemblies with efficient moisture transfer in different environment and workload conditions. This paper is in two parts. Part I focuses on the moisture transmission through textile materials and it discusses the processes involved in moisture transmission and the key influencing factors at play to maintaining comfort. It is underlined that the processes which play the major role in moisture transmission in a particular situation are dependant on the moisture content of the fabric, the type of material used, the perspiration rate and the atmospheric conditions, such as humidity, temperature and wind speed. Part II is concerned with the selection of the measurement techniques which are of great importance in determining fabric factors that influence comfort. The instruments and methods used for testing purposes should adequately simulate the exact conditions for which the fabric will be used, in order to determine the effectiveness of that fabric for a particular wearing situation and environmental condition. The testing methods used and the apparatus developed by different researchers for determining moisture transmission through textiles by different mechanisms are discussed in this paper. Moreover, this part of the paper deals with the mathematical models of liquid and vapour transport through textile materials developed by several scientists in order to understand the exact phenomena involved and to predict the factors affecting the transmission under a particular condition. When designing the comfort of a clothing product for a particular application, the requirements may result from needs concerning the application, the individual wearer and the environmental conditions.
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Yao, Zhongying, Xinxin Liu, Lijun Qian, Yajun Chen, Bo Xu, and Yong Qiu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum 2-Carboxyethyl-Phenyl-Phosphinate and Its Flame-Retardant Application in Polyester." Polymers 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11121969.
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A flame retardant aluminum 2-carboxyethyl-phenyl-phosphinate (CPA-Al) was synthesized through the salification reaction. The molecular structure of CPA-Al and thermal stability were characterized by solid nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Subsequently, CPA-Al mixed in polyurethane was coated on polyester textile to obtain flame-retardant samples. The addition of 14.7 wt.% CPA-Al in textile sample can bring a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 24.5%, 0 s after flame time, and the vertical burning B1 rating. Meanwhile, the incorporated CPA-Al reduced the peak heat release rate, total heat release, average effective heat of combustion, and increased the charring capacity of polyester textiles in contrast to the samples without CPA-Al. CPA-Al exerted not only its flame inhibition effect in gas phase, but also the charring and barrier effect in the condensed phase. Besides, with an increasing CPA-Al ratio in polyester textile, the contact angle gradually decreased from 123.6° to 75.6°, indicating that the surficial property of coating from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, thereby increasing the moisture permeability of polyester textile.
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Geraldes, Maria José, Lubos Hes, Mário de Araújo, Nuno Belino, and Mário Nunes. "The Comparison of the Thermal Behaviour of Leisure and Sports Clothing Using Conventional and New Textile Materials." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.589.
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This work reports on research being carried out in the area of functional knitted fabrics with a special structure incorporating hydrophobic fibres near to the skin and suction channels of hydrophilic fibres to suck moisture from the skin on the hydrophilic layer away from the skin; in this way, comfort is maximised in active wear as the fabric does not feel wet near to the skin.
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Chu, Changliu, Chengwen Hu, Yanyan Sun, Hongqin Yan, Yadong Zhang, and Fanggang Ning. "Structural design and vertical wicking behavior of cotton roving-based materials for nutrient transport of indoor plant." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502110667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250211066797.
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The liquid transport capacity in a fibrous textile is of great crucial in comprehensively assessing the final moisture management. In this work, several materials were prepared based on cotton rovings by regulating some technological parameters such as twist and ply number, and the effects of the above key parameters on vertical wicking behavior of cotton roving-based materials were investigated. To effectively improve the wicking rate of materials, three hydrophilic schemes were introduced. The experimental results indicated that the maximum vertical wicking height was obtained when samples treated with a mixed solution of 1.5% JFC and 3% NaOH. Subsequently, several cotton roving-based materials were fabricated based on the optimized hydrophilic treatment. It was found that, the as-prepared materials exhibit a twist-reduced wicking effect, and a ply number-strengthen effect. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms in the above two cases were unraveled. Finally, our prepared cotton roving-based materials served as a nutrient absorbing medium were demonstrated. Such work provides certain support for an in-depth understanding of wicking behavior of microporous textile structures.
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Zhang, Gang Xian, Xi Ping Zeng, Wei Hu, Feng Xiu Zhang, and Ling Xiao Jing. "Semi-Encasing Sucrose Ester and Grafting Silkworm Pupae Protein on Polyester Fabric to Modify Polyester Fabric Surface." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.634.
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Wearability of polyester textile is very outstanding in chemical fabric；silkworm pupae protein has good biocompatibility. In order to make a new kind of polyester textile which not only has good wearability, but also has good biocompatibility, the polyester fibers were semi-encased with sucrose ester to endue polyester fibers with reacting hydroxyl groups, and then silkworm pupae protein was grafted on surface of polyester fiber textile with a crosslinkage compound in this study. The structure of polyester textile grafted with silkworm pupae protein were studied by SEM, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The polyester fibers were enclosed by layer of materials in SEM, X-ray diffraction showed silkworm pupae protein was random coil conformation, DSC exhibited the thermal property of polyester fibers almost did not change. The wearability of polyester fabric grafted silkworm pupae protein was measured too. With the increase of grafting silkworm pupae protein rate on polyester fabric, moisture permeability of polyester fabric increased firstly and decreased a little subsequently, the moister regain increased monotonously, the cockle elasticity decreased a little, the whiteness almost did not change, and flexural stiffness increased a little.
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Matusiak, Małgorzata, and Dominika Kamińska. "Liquid Moisture Transport in Cotton Woven Fabrics with Different Weft Yarns." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 6489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186489.
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Moisture transport in fabrics influences the thermal comfort of clothing due to drainage of sweat secreted by the human body. The moisture transport through textile materials takes place in two ways: water-vapor transport and liquid moisture transport. Both ways are equally important. In the present work, liquid moisture transport in cotton woven fabrics with different weft yarns was investigated. Measurement was done using the Moisture Management Tester MMT M290. The obtained results confirmed that the linear density of weft yarn significantly influenced the values of all parameters characterizing liquid moisture transport in the investigated fabrics. The best performance in liquid moisture transport was achieved by weft yarn of linear density 30 tex. For this fabric variant, the maximum wetted radius for both surfaces was the biggest: 25 mm for the inner and 26.6 mm for the outer surface of the fabric. This means that the fabric spread the liquid on the biggest area compared to the other variants being investigated to facilitate an evaporation of liquid sweat. The fabric variant with 30 tex weft yarn showed the highest spreading speed: 5.83 mm/s for both sides, and the shortest wetting time: 2.83 s for the inner and 3.00 s for the outer side of the fabric. The higher the linear density of weft yarn, the worse the ability of cotton woven fabrics to ensure liquid moisture transport.
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Onofrei, Elena, Ana Maria Rocha, and André Catarino. "The Influence of Knitted Fabrics’ Structure on the Thermal and Moisture Management Properties." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 6, no. 4 (December 2011): 155892501100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501100600403.
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This paper studies the influence of fabric's structure on the thermal and moisture management properties of knitted fabrics made of two types of yarns with thermo-regulating effect: Coolmax® and Outlast®. The main purpose of this study was the selection of the most adequate fabric, to be used in summer and winter sportswear. The results demonstrated that some properties, such as, thermal properties, diffusion ability, air and water vapor permeability are influenced by both raw material type and knitted structure parameters. Wicking ability is influenced to a greater extent by the knitted structure, while the drying ability is primarily determined by raw material and to a lesser extent by the knitted structure parameters. Outlast® fabrics are preferred candidates for warmer climate sportswear, particularly due to their lower thermal resistance, higher thermal conductivity and absorptivity, air and water vapor permeability. When considering sportswear for colder weather, Coolmax® based structures seem to be the best choice. These findings are an important tool in the design of a sportswear product tailored to the different body areas thermal and moisture management requirements.
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Ongwuttiwat, Krittiya, Sudaporn Sudprasert, and Thananchai Leephakpreeda. "Determination of human thermal comfort due to moisture permeability of clothes." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-09-2017-0138.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the determination of human thermal comfort with wearing clothes, with different water vapor permeability. Currently, the predicted mean vote (PMV) equation is widely used to determine thermal sensation scales of human comfort. However, moisture permeability of clothes has been not taken in account where the heat is lost from a human body due to water vapor diffusion through clothes. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the heat loss is derived based on the real structure of textiles, causing water vapor pressure difference between air on skin and ambient air. The PMV equation is modified to differentiate a thermal sensation scale of comfort although patterns of clothes are the same. Interview tests are investigated with wearing clothes from three types of textiles: knitted polyester, coated nylon–spandex, and polyurethane, under various air conditions. Findings The moisture permeabilities of knitted polyester, coated nylon–spandex and polyurethane are 16.57×10−9 kg/m2 s•kPa, 9.15×10−9 kg/m2•s•kPa and 2.99×10−9 kg/m2•s•kPa, respectively. The interviews reveal that most people wearing knitted-polyester clothes have the greatest cold sensations under various air conditions since moisture permeability is the highest, compared to coated nylon–spandex, and polyurethane leather. Correspondingly, the predicted results of the modified PMV equation are close to the actual mean votes of interviewees with a coefficient of determination R2=0.83. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination from the predicted results of the conventional PMV equation is significantly lower than unity, with R2=0.42. Practical implications In practice, this quantitative determination on human thermal comfort gives some concrete recommendations on textile selection of clothes for acceptable satisfaction of thermal comfort under various surrounding conditions of usage. Originality/value The modified PMV equation effectively determines human comfort on a thermal sensation scale due to the moisture permeability of clothes. To make generic conclusion, experimental results of additional three textiles, such as plain weave/lining polyester, knitted spandex, and open structure polyester, are reported. They confirm that the modified PMV equation effectively determines human comfort on a thermal sensation scale due to the moisture permeability of clothes.
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Zhang, Hui, Guowen Song, Yiming Gu, Haitao Ren, and Juan Cao. "Effect of moisture content on thermal protective performance of fabric assemblies by a stored energy approach under flash exposure." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 16 (May 30, 2017): 1847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517712097.
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Firefighters wearing protective clothing perspire profusely in the process of performing their duties, and sweat increases moisture in the inner layers of multilayer protective clothing. Also, the outer shell fabrics inevitably become wet. In this study, two kinds of outer shell fabrics (aramid IIIA fabric and aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric) and three kinds of thermal liner fabrics with different thicknesses were selected. Two wetness conditions were investigated to simulate the sweating in thermal liner fabric with or without the wet outer shell fabric. A modified thermal protective performance (TPP) tester was employed to explore the effects of moisture and its distribution on stored thermal energy developed in six fabric systems and on TPP under flash exposure. Pearson correlations were established to analyze the relationships of the fabric systems’ thickness and second-degree burn time, and of absorbed energy and second-degree burn time in different configurations. The statistical analysis from these obtained data indicated that the thickness of fabric systems had no significant correlation for second-degree burn time ( p > 0.05), but the absorbed energy exhibited a strong relation (the lowest R2 value could reach 0.8070 and p-values were all much less than 0.05). Performance results for the wet thermal liner indicated that the negative impact on thermal protection reached the greatest degree in 15% wetness, but in some extreme situations (100% wetness), the performance was improved (the maximum increase can achieve 116.2% over performance in dry condition). However, the existing moisture in the outer shell showed a positive effect. These findings will enable the engineering of textile materials that achieve high performance protection from thermal hazards and give some guidance to firefighters during operations.
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Zu, Kan, and Menghao Qin. "A mathematical model for predicting the indoor moisture variation by using moisture buffering theory." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012036.
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Abstract Indoor air humidity evaluation plays an of great importance role on the thermal comfort and building energy consumption. The utilization of hygroscopic materials as building materials acts on the indoor air humidity by regulating its humidity fluctuations, and then reduces a certain fraction of energy consumption on the air conditioning systems. Based on the Fick’s law, the physical process inside these hygroscopic materials requires the determinations of hygrothermal properties, which signify the extensive and reiterative experiments. While in many building simulation toolboxes, moisture buffering behavior has been evaluated by either simple approximations or complicated heat and mass model. In this case, we developed a mathematical model about the moisture transport with acceptable solution time and accuracy in terms of the moisture buffer value (MBV) theory. Considering that MBV originally represents the moisture buffering capacity of those hygroscopic materials, we did some mathematical deduction about MBVs under different boundary conditions. Then the definition of time-average MBV has been used, and all the required parameters was obtained from the practical MBV test. By comparing the new moisture buffer value model (MBM) with HAMT model, the results indicated that MBM could provide reasonably accurate prediction for indoor moisture variation.
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Wakatsuki, Kaoru, Hajime Tsuji, Takehiro Kato, and Yoshio Ogawa. "Evaluation of Functional Underwear for Firefighter Clothing by Total Heat Loss." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.617.
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Synthetic textile such as polyester and poly-urethane has been used for underwear in terms of moisture release and function in underwear. However, the synthetic underwear has high risk for skin burns due to melting and shrinking by heat. Thermal protection and comfort in fire fighter protective clothing is always trading off, but fire fighters tend to use the synthetic underwear to feel comfort and function during firefighting operation without understanding of the risk for skin burns by the textile. Objective of this study is to investigate if the synthetic underwear plays a significant role in moisture and metabolic heat transfer within the fire fighter clothing by total heat loss measurement. Measurement of the total heat loss has been conducted by the ASTM F-1868 instrument (Kato-Tech, Co. Ltd., Japan). Three type of fire fighter clothing, one station wear, and five types of underwear have been used for the test. Test has been conducted for each clothing and combination of clothing. The results shows that range of total heat loss is 322.3 W/m2 to 385.3 W/m2, 857.9 W/m2, 782.3 W/m2 to 897.3 W/m2 for three fire fighter clothing, one station wear and five underwear, respectively. However, when the fabrics of fire fighter clothing, station wear and underwear were piled up, the range of total heat loss decreased to 242.1 W/m2 to 304.4 W/m2. The data indicates that the fire fighter's multi-layer fabric controls the heat and moisture transfer within fire fighter clothing and no positive contribution by any types of underwear.
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Vineis, Claudia, Annalisa Aluigi, and Claudio Tonin. "MORPHOLOGY AND THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF TEXTILE FIBRES FROM THE HAIR OF DOMESTIC AND WILD GOAT SPECIES." AUTEX Research Journal 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2008-080302.
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Abstract The performances and properties of the fine hairs from the coats of several domestic and wild mammals, namely the "speciality animal fibres" used for manufacturing high quality, luxury textiles, are influenced by the domestication process, heritability, hybridisation, nutrition, and life environment. In this work, the fibre morphology and cell structures of fibres from wild, domestic and crossbred goats were studied, with the aim of investigating the relationships with the thermal behaviour of the crystalline fraction of the fibres. Scanning Electron Microscopy investigation confirmed that exposure to thermal excursions and nutritional stresses lead to finer hair, associated with lower rate of growth, yielding strong orientation and elongation of the cuticle cells in the direction of the fibre axis. Transmitted Light Microscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed specie-specific differences in the internal structure of the fibre cortex, probably related also to moisture during the process of hair keratinisation.
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He, Shan, Zhuoming Chen, Binjie Xin, Fuli Zhang, Xiaoying Wang, Yan Liu, Aoxin Peng, and Ying Yang. "Surface functionalization of Ag/polypyrrole-coated cotton fabric by in situ polymerization and magnetron sputtering." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (April 20, 2019): 4884–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519842801.
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Flexible electronic devices have attracted considerable attention in recent years, and textile fabrics are usually used as the substrates because of their good moisture absorption performance and high flexibility. However, ordinary textile fabrics are electrically insulating, which limits their strain sensing sensitivity. In this study, cotton fabric endowed with high electrical conductivity was prepared by a two-step process of in situ polymerization and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. It was firstly modified with a continuous polypyrrole (PPy) thin film by using the in situ polymerization method and then coated with silver (Ag) thin film by using a DC magnetron sputtering system. The experimental results revealed that the resultant Ag/PPy-coated cotton deposited with a sputtering power of 200 W for 25 min has the highest electrical conductivity and its average sheet resistance is 11.7 Ω/sq. Moreover, the Ag/PPy-coated cotton exhibited the advantages of high hydrophobicity, thermal stability, electromechanical performance and washing fastness. Overall, the effective flexibility and high electrical conductivity of the Ag/PPy-coated cotton have been validated effectively and make it one of the promising candidates for preparing electromagnetic shielding and antistatic and smart wearable textile products, especially flexible electronic devices.
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Dils, Christian, Sebastian Hohner, and Martin Schneider-Ramelow. "Use of Rotary Ultrasonic Plastic Welding as a Continuous Interconnection Technology for Large-Area e-Textiles." Textiles 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2023): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles3010006.
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For textile-based electronic systems with multiple contacts distributed over a large area, it is very complex to create reliable electrical and mechanical interconnections. In this work, we report for the first time on the use of rotating ultrasonic polymer welding for the continuous integration and interconnection of highly conductive ribbons with textile-integrated conductive tracks. For this purpose, the conductive ribbons are prelaminated on the bottom side with a thermoplastic film, which serves as an adhesion agent to the textile carrier, and another thermoplastic film is laminated on the top side, which serves as an electrical insulation layer. Experimental tests are used to investigate the optimum welding process parameters for each material combination. The interconnects are initially electrically measured and then tested by thermal cycling, moisture aging, buckling and washing tests, followed by electrical and optical analyses. The interconnects obtained are very low ohmic across the materials tested, with resulting contact resistances between 1 and 5 mOhm. Material-dependent results were observed in the reliability tests, with climatic and mechanical tests performing better than the wash tests for all materials. In addition, the development of a heated functional prototype demonstrates a first industrial application.
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Mandal, Sumit, and Guowen Song. "Characterizing thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing in hot surface contact." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (August 31, 2016): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716667258.
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This study characterizes the thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing under the exposure of hot surface contact. For this, thermal protective performance of different fabrics was evaluated using a laboratory-simulated hot surface contact test, and various factors affecting the performance were statistically identified. Additionally, heat transfer mechanisms during testing were analytically and mathematically modeled. It has been found that fabric’s constructional features and properties are the key factors to affect its thermal protective performance. In this study, the presence of a thicker thermal liner in a layered fabric system resulted in higher performance; in contrast, a multi-layered fabric system incorporating a moisture barrier in its outer layer displayed the lowest performance. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a fabric’s air permeability has a minimal impact on performance, whereas weight, thickness, and thermal resistance have a significant positive impact on performance. Based on the analytical and mathematical models developed, it was apparent that conductive heat transfer mainly occurs through fabric during testing, and this conductive heat transfer depends upon the surface roughness and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) of the tested fabric. Here, thermal contact resistance between the hot surface and fabric also plays a crucial role in the heat transfer or thermal protective performance of fabric. Moreover, the heat transfer gradually decreases across fabric thickness, which can substantially affect thermal protective performance. This study can advance the theory of textile/materials science through better understanding of heat transfer in fabrics. This understanding can help in developing an integrated knowledge of fabric properties, heat transfer through fabrics, and thermal protective performance of fabrics. The findings from this study can also assist textile/material engineers with the development of a high performance thermal protective fabric for clothing to provide better occupational safety and health for firefighters.
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Gu, Bin, Fan Fan, Qihao Xu, Dahua Shou, and Dongliang Zhao. "A nano-structured bilayer asymmetric wettability textile for efficient personal thermal and moisture management in high-temperature environments." Chemical Engineering Journal 461 (April 2023): 141919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.141919.
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Muñoz-Blandón, Oscar, Margarita Ramírez-Carmona, Leidy Rendón-Castrillón, and Carlos Ocampo-López. "Exploring the Potential of Fique Fiber as a Natural Composite Material: A Comprehensive Characterization Study." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 17, 2023): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122712.
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Many studies available in the literature focus mainly on the mechanical characterization of fiber, leaving out other physicochemical and thermogravimetric analyses that allow for establishing its potential as an engineering material. This study characterizes fique fiber for its potential use as an engineering material. The fiber’s chemical composition and physical, thermal, mechanical, and textile properties were analyzed. The fiber has a high holocellulose content and low lignin and pectin content, indicating its potential as a natural composite material for various applications. Infrared spectrum analysis revealed characteristic bands associated with multiple functional groups. The fiber had monofilaments with diameters around 10 μm and 200 μm, as determined by AFM and SEM images, respectively. Mechanical testing showed the fiber could resist a maximum stress of 355.07 MPa, with an average maximum strain at which breakage occurs of 8.7%. The textile characterization revealed a linear density range of 16.34 to 38.83 tex, with an average value of 25.54 tex and a regain of 13.67%. Thermal analysis showed that the fiber’s weight decreased by around 5% due to moisture removal in the range of 40 °C to 100 °C, followed by weight loss due to thermal degradation of hemicellulose and glycosidic linkages of cellulose ranging from 250 to 320 °C. These characteristics suggest that fique fiber can be used in industries such as packaging, construction, composites, and automotive, among others.
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Grewal, Randeep S., and Pamela Banks-Lee. "Development of Thermal Insulation for Textile Wet Processing Machinery Using Needlepunched Nonwoven Fabrics." International Nonwovens Journal os-8, no. 2 (June 1999): 1558925099OS—80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925099os-800221.
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In textile manufacturing, many fiber manufacturing, dyeing and finishing processes require temperatures in the range of 100oC to 200oC. A substantial amount of energy is needed to produce the desired temperature, and part of this energy is wasted when heat from the process escapes to the environment. Many of the processes are batch processes requiring frequent reheating and restarting. Most process equipment is constructed from stainless steel, which is a good conductor of heat. In addition to this, because of the cost involved in installation and regular maintenance of insulation, many manufacturers do not insulate their process equipment. The heat and moisture loss to the environment makes the manufacturing facilities environmentally uncomfortable for employees. This reduces their productivity and is a health risk. Due to the energy wasted in the textile wet processing industry, there is a need to develop suitable insulating materials specifically for these applications. For commercial applications, both the cost of the insulating material as well as its effectiveness, ease of installation and durability are important. Needlepunched fabrics have the potential to meet these demands [1]. Since low density needled felts with good heat blocking capacity can be made from durable fibers, they are ideal for heat insulation applications [1,2]. This research focuses on identifying suitable fibers and the manufacturing technology which will yield the desired results. After testing of prepared samples, the data was analyzed to determine the fabric and fiber parameters which influence heat transfer. An economic analysis was also conducted to optimize both cost and effectiveness. The important factors contributing to the transfer of heat through needlepunched nonwoven fabrics were found to be the bulk density of the batt and the surface area of the fibers. Incorporation of low denier fibers (meltblown web) in the needlepunched structure led to a significant decrease in the apparent thermal conductivity of the batt. A cost analysis of this insulation (incorporating the meltblown web) determined the optimum thickness of such an insulation to be 10.1 mm.
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Angelova, Radostina A., Priscilla Reiners, Elena Georgieva, and Yordan Kyosev. "The effect of the transfer abilities of single layers on the heat and mass transport through multilayered outerwear clothing for cold protection." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 10 (March 10, 2017): 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517697642.
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This paper deals with performance properties related to human thermo-physiological comfort of three-layer textile systems used for the production of outerwear for cold protection. The transfer of heat and fluids through the compound single layers (woven and non-woven) is investigated and compared to the heat and mass transfer of the systems for clothing. Six characteristics are measured for both single layers and systems of layers: thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapor resistance, relative water vapor permeability, the accumulative one-way transport index and overall moisture management capacity. For each of the characteristics, regression analysis is applied to prove or reject the proposed mathematical dependencies between the transfer abilities of the single layers and the respective systems. The results obtained showed that the fluid transfer abilities of the single layers applied in clothing for cold protection strongly affect the fluid transfer ability of the system of layers, while the heat transfer of the system is dominated by the heat transfer ability of the thermo-insulating layer. The proposed approach for assessment of the transfer processes through a system of layers for the production of outerwear for cold protection could be successfully applied in the design of other textile and clothing items, produced by using systems of different textile layers.
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MUSADDAQ, AZEEM, HES LUBOS, WIENER JAKUB, NOMAN MUHAMMAD TAYYAB, ALI AZAM, and MANSOOR TARIQ. "Comfort properties of nano-filament polyester fabrics: thermo-physiological evaluation." Industria Textila 69, no. 04 (September 1, 2018): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.04.1529.
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Comfort along with the aesthetic properties of textile clothing in activewear and sportswear are utmost worthwhile for costumer demand as latest trends. Different types of fibers and yarns are being used to improve the moisture management and comfort of the fabric for next to skin. Nowadays, multifilaments or nano-filaments of polyester with diameters in the range of a few nanometers and lengths up to kilometers are used in different range of important technological applications such as functional fabrics, biomedicine, composite, etc. Multifilament polyester yarns are made by aggregating many continuous filaments together characterized by their high tenacity and large surface area per unit mass. The nano-filament yarn has also significant effects on thermal comfort properties as a nano-filament fabric has less thermal conductivity than cotton fabric, but equal to multichannel polyester fabric while nano-filament fabrics gave the cool feelings with higher thermal absorptivity. Moreover,coolmax fabric showed the higher value of thermal resistance as compared to nano-filament fabrics. Nano-filament fabrics exhibited higher value of watervaporpermeability than cotton fabric.