Relevant bibliographies by topics / Moho discontinuity

Academic literature on the topic 'Moho discontinuity'

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Published: 22 June 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Moho discontinuity":

1

Khamrabaev, I. KH. "Nature of the Moho discontinuity in Central Asia." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 6, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1998): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/6/1998/199.

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Susena, P. K. O., P. Ariyanto, B. Pranata, Daryono, and S. P. Adi. "Depth Estimation of Moho Discontinuity Layer at 5 BMKG Seismic Stations in East Java Using Receiver Function Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1288, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1288/1/012007.

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Abstract East Java is one of the areas with a high level of seismicity due to the existence of a subduction zone in the south of Java Island. In addition, there are also active faults and active volcanos in East Java. This study aims to determine the depth of the Moho Discontinuity layer and subduction slab using receiver function method based on the iterative time domain deconvolution. This study was conducted using teleseismic earthquake data with an epicenter distance of 30°–90° from the receiver station and magnitude more than 6 (M≥6). 5 BMKG seismic stations that form a straight line are used, including those in the Bawean Arc (BWJI), Rembang Zone (BAJI), Kendeng Zone (SIJM), Modern Mountain Arc (PPJI), Southern Mountain Zone (GEJI). The depth of the Moho Discontinuity layer at BWJI Station was observed in ranges from 36–38 km, at BAJI Station it ranges from 39–40 km, at SIJM Station it ranges from 39–40 km, at PPJI Station it ranges from 46–48 km, and at GEJI Station it ranges from 33–36 km. In general, the Moho Discontinuity layer in the mountainous region is deeper due to the isostasy effect.
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Zarkasi, M. H., P. Ariyanto, A. Marsono, B. Pranata, Daryono, and S. P. Adi. "Moho Depth Estimation and The Presence of Subducting Slab in West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau Islands Regions Using Teleseismic Receiver Function Method: A Preliminary Result." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1288, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1288/1/012011.

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Abstract The teleseismic receiver function method was used to investigate the crustal structure in West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau Islands regions. These regions have a high level of seismicity because it is in an active tectonic zone where the oblique subduction between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates occurs. This study aims to determine the depth of Moho discontinuity and the presence of subducting slab beneath 6 BMKG seismic stations that form a line perpendicular to the trench and cover 3 different geological zones. PPSI and RASM are in the forearc zone, SKSM is in the volcanic arc zone, and MBBI, JMBI, and DSRI are in the back-arc zone. This study used teleseismic earthquake record data with epicentral distance between 30°-90° from the receiver and magnitude 6 or more. The iterative time-domain deconvolution and receiver function migration techniques were applied to estimate the depth of Moho discontinuity and the presence of subducting slab. The depth of Moho discontinuity in West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau Islands regions ranges from 21-39 km and generally deeper in the volcanic arc zone possibly due to the isostatic effect. Moho is at a depth of 21-29 km in the forearc zone, 36-39 km in the volcanic arc zone, and 30-36 km in the back-arc zone. Then the subducting slab was observed at a depth of 20 km under PPSI station to 200 km under MBBI station.
4

Schlaphorst, David, Elena Melekhova, J.-Michael Kendall, Jon Blundy, and Joan L. Latchman. "Probing layered arc crust in the Lesser Antilles using receiver functions." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 11 (November 2018): 180764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180764.

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Oceanic arcs can provide insight into the processes of crustal growth and crustal structure. In this work, changes in crustal thickness and composition along the Lesser Antilles Arc (LAA) are analysed at 10 islands using receiver function (RF) inversions that combine seismological data with v P /v S ratios estimated based on crustal lithology. We collected seismic data from various regional networks to ensure station coverage for every major island in the LAA from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south. RFs show the subsurface response of an incoming signal assuming horizontal layering, where phase conversions highlight discontinuities beneath a station. In most regions of the Earth, the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) is seismically stronger than other crustal discontinuities. However, in the LAA we observe an unusually strong along-arc variation in depth of the strongest discontinuity, which is difficult to explain by variations in crustal thickness. Instead, these results suggest that in layered crust, especially where other discontinuities have a stronger seismic contrast than the Moho, H– k stacking results can be easily misinterpreted. To circumvent this problem, an inversion modelling approach is introduced to investigate the crustal structure in more detail by building a one-dimensional velocity–depth profile for each island. Using this method, it is possible to identify any mid-crustal discontinuity in addition to the Moho. Our results show a mid-crustal discontinuity at about 10–25 km depth along the arc, with slightly deeper values in the north (Montserrat to Saba). In general, the depth of the Moho shows the same pattern with values of around 25 km (Grenada) to 35 km in the north. The results suggest differences in magmatic H 2 O content and differentiation history of each island.
5

Michailos, Konstantinos, György Hetényi, Matteo Scarponi, Josip Stipčević, Irene Bianchi, Luciana Bonatto, Wojciech Czuba, et al. "Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 5 (May 24, 2023): 2117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023.

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Abstract. We use seismic waveform data from the AlpArray Seismic Network and three other temporary seismic networks, to perform receiver function (RF) calculations and time-to-depth migration to update the knowledge of the Moho discontinuity beneath the broader European Alps. In particular, we set up a homogeneous processing scheme to compute RFs using the time-domain iterative deconvolution method and apply consistent quality control to yield 112 205 high-quality RFs. We then perform time-to-depth migration in a newly implemented 3D spherical coordinate system using a European-scale reference P and S wave velocity model. This approach, together with the dense data coverage, provide us with a 3D migrated volume, from which we present migrated profiles that reflect the first-order crustal thickness structure. We create a detailed Moho map by manually picking the discontinuity in a set of orthogonal profiles covering the entire area. We make the RF dataset, the software for the entire processing workflow, as well as the Moho map, openly available; these open-access datasets and results will allow other researchers to build on the current study.
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Riazkov, Hristo. "The Moho discontinuity on the Balkan Peninsula and some geodynamic problems." Geologica Balcanica 22, no. 2 (April 30, 1992): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.22.2.81.

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The scheme of Moho's relief is built on 104 points based on seismologic and DSS data. The regional and residual trends are determined for this relief. On the basis of their analysis and of a priori geological and geophysical information three models (diapir, microplate and subduction) of the Balkan peninsula are briefly examined.
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Kind, R., T. Eken, F. Tilmann, F. Sodoudi, T. Taymaz, F. Bulut, X. Yuan, B. Can, and F. Schneider. "Thickness of the lithosphere beneath Turkey and surroundings from S-receiver functions." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 10, 2015): 1315–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-1315-2015.

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Abstract. We analyze S-receiver functions to investigate the variations of lithospheric thickness below the entire region of Turkey and surroundings. The teleseismic data used here have been compiled combining all permanent seismic stations which are open to public access. We obtained almost 12 000 S-receiver function traces characterizing the seismic discontinuities between the Moho and the discontinuity at 410 km depth. Common-conversion-points stacks yield well-constrained images of the Moho and of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Results from previous studies suggesting shallow LAB depths between 80 and 100 km are confirmed in the entire region outside the subduction zones. We did not observe changes of LAB depths across the North and East Anatolian Faults. To the east of Cyprus, we see indications of the Arabian LAB. The African plate is observed down to about 150 km depth subducting to the north and east between the Aegean and Cyprus with a tear at Cyprus. We also observed the discontinuity at 410 km depth and a negative discontinuity above the 410, which might indicate a zone of partial melt above this discontinuity.
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Kind, R., T. Eken, F. Tilmann, F. Sodoudi, T. Taymaz, F. Bulut, X. Yuan, B. Can, and F. Schneider. "Thickness of the lithosphere beneath Turkey and surroundings from S-receiver functions." Solid Earth 6, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-971-2015.

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Abstract. We analyze S-receiver functions to investigate variations of lithospheric thickness below the entire region of Turkey and surrounding areas. The teleseismic data used here have been compiled combining all permanent seismic stations which are open to public access. We obtained almost 12 000 S-receiver function traces characterizing the seismic discontinuities between the Moho and the discontinuity at 410 km depth. Common-conversion-point stacks yield well-constrained images of the Moho and of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Results from previous studies suggesting shallow LAB depths between 80 and 100 km are confirmed in the entire region outside the subduction zones. We did not observe changes in LAB depths across the North and East Anatolian faults. To the east of Cyprus, we see indications of the Arabian LAB. The African plate is observed down to about 150 km depth subducting to the north and east between the Aegean and Cyprus with a tear at Cyprus. We also observed the discontinuity at 410 km depth and a negative discontinuity above the 410, which might indicate a zone of partial melt above this discontinuity.
9

Kravchenko, S., L. I. Schachotko, and I. T. Rass. "Moho discontinuity relief and the distribution of kimberlites and carbonatites in the northern Siberian Platform." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 6, no. 2 (July 31, 1996): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/6/1996/137.

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Agarwal, B. N. P., and R. K. Shaw. "Three dimensional configuration of Moho discontinuity over some parts of India from gravity field data." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/7/1999/13.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Moho discontinuity' for particular source types:
Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Moho discontinuity":

1

Morrissey, B. Janet. "Mapping Moho undulations beneath the Grand Banks of Newfoundland using gravity field data." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0030/MQ62407.pdf.

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Babcock, Jeffrey Matthew. "Magma chamber structure and Moho reflections along the East Pacific Rise /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9737307.

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Cai, Zhiyuan. "Global Mohorovicic Discontinuity Estimates Based on Isostatic Theories Using Gravity Data and Seismic Models." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu159455139426099.

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Gonçalves, Susana Ferreira D. S. "Geophysical characterization of the Crustal structures from Equatorial to North-East Brazilian margins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2023. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04619710.

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Adaptation et application de la méthode d'inversion gravimétrique 3D avec contraintes sismiques à l'étude des structures crustales profondes des marges passives du nord-ouest du Brésil. Avec une approche de décapage des couches, la méthode a la capacité, la robustesse et la cohérence d'étudier la géométrie de la discontinuité du Moho dans le contexte de l'environnement des marges passives. Les résultats obtenus sont suffisamment précis pour distinguer les transitions entre les différents domaines. Ils permettent également d'identifier les différences au sein d'un même domaine lors de l'analyse de deux profils parallèles, par exemple: imagerie des structures de la croûte terrestre profonde avec la méthode de migration temporelle inverse appliquée à deux profils de données sismiques à grand angle. La méthode permet d'obtenir des images de ce type de structures. L'analyse des deux résultats est un outil important pour étudier la forme et la géométrie de la zone de rétrécissement, même dans les profils avec des tirs asymétriques. Elle montre également la contribution essentielle du champ d'ondes réfracté à son succès. Fusion de trois profils sismiques grand angle subparallèles dans la région nord-ouest du Brésil en un profil unique d'une longueur d'environ 1800 km, offrant une perspective unique sur le processus d'évolution de l'ouverture de l'océan Atlantique sud. Le profil fusionné met en évidence les similitudes entre les marges équatoriale et centrale de l'océan Atlantique Sud, malgré des processus géodynamiques et des périodes d'ouverture différents
Adaptation and application of 3D gravity inversion with seismic constraint method to the study of the deep crustal structures of the Northwest Brazil passive margins. With a layer-stripping approach, the method has the capacity, robustness and coherency to study the geometry of the Moho discontinuity, or any other crustal layer, within the context of the passive margins environment. The obtained results have sufficient accuracy to distinguish transitions between different domains – continental domain, necking zones and oceanic domain. It is also capable to identify differences within the same domain when analyzing two parallel profiles, for example.Imaging of deep crustal structures with Reverse Time Migration method applied to two Wide-Angle Seismic data profiles, acquired by Ocean Bottom Seismometers and Land Seismic Stations. The method has capacity to image these type of structures in the two domains. The analysis of the two results is an important tool to investigate the shape and geometry of the necking zone even in profiles with asymmetric shooting. It is also shown the essential contribution of the refracted wavefield for its success.Merge of three sub-parallel Wide-Angle Seismic profiles in the Northwest area of Brazil into a unique profile of approximately 1800 km in length, providing an unique perspective on the evolution process of the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. The merged profile showcases the similarities between the Equatorial and Central margins of the South Atlantic Ocean in spite of the different geodynamic processes and time of opening
5

Rullière, Adrien. "Etude du comportement au cisaillement d'une discontinuité rocheuse : application aux calculs de stabilité d'un barrage-poids avec prise en compte de la cohésion apparente." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0122.

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Un des modes de rupture redouté des barrages est le cisaillement autour des discontinuités rocheuses du massif de fondation ou de l’interface de fondation roc-béton. Afin d’évaluer la résistance au cisaillement de ces discontinuités, les guides professionnels préconisent la réalisation d’essais de cisaillement et l’utilisation du critère de rupture de Mohr-Coulomb. Une telle démarche permet alors d’obtenir une valeur de cohésion apparente que les guides professionnels suggèrent cependant de négliger dans les calculs de stabilité, privant alors l’ouvrage d’un paramètre de résistance. Issu d’une collaboration entre l’Université de Sherbrooke, INRAE et Hydro-Québec, ce projet à pour objectif d’améliorer l’état des connaissances sur le comportement au cisaillement des discontinuités rocheuses en : i) déterminant expérimentalement les facteurs d’influence et ii) développant un modèle mécanique de comportement au cisaillement des discontinuités rocheuses prenant en compte l’effet de la rugosité.110 essais de cisaillement direct ont été menés afin d’évaluer les effets sur le cisaillement des discontinuités rocheuses de : la rugosité, l’endommagement, l’emboîtement, la contrainte normale, l’effet des propriétés mécaniques du matériau ou du type de contact. Les résultats montrent que la rugosité et l’emboîtement semblent être les deux facteurs d’influence les plus importants. Par la suite des lois empiriques reliant le comportement mécanique au cisaillement d’une discontinuité rocheuse à sa rugosité ont été développées. Ce modèle a ensuite été extrapolé à l’échelle d’un ouvrage et de son massif de fondation à l’aide d’une modélisation numérique aux éléments discrets
Dams are subject to scheduled inspections to assess their stability. Indeed, shearing phenomena can occur around rock-rock joints inside the rock foundation mass or at the rock-concrete foundation contact. Professional guidelines recommend to perform direct experimental shear tests and to use the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion to assess the shear strength of these discontinuities. Such a process allows getting an apparent cohesion value from the experimental data. However, for safety reasons, professional standards suggest, that the apparent cohesion should be taken as null. This practice is conservative and motivated by the lack of knowledge about the rock joint shear behavior and failure mechanisms. This PhD project, in collaboration with Université de Sherbrooke, INRAE and Hydro-Québec aims to : i) evaluate through an extensive experimental protocol the factors influencing the rock joint shear behavior and ii) develop a mechanical numerical model that takes into account the effect of roughness on the joints shear behavior. 110 direct shear tests were performed to assess the effect on the shear behavior of roughness, damaging, interlocking, normal load, material mechanical properties or contact. In this study, it appears that the roughness and the interlocking are the two main factors of influence. Empirical relationships between the joint shear mechanical behavior and its roughness were developed. Used with a Mohr-Coulomb mechanical model, it appeared that these relations were suitable to assess the joint shear mechanical behavior. Then, the model was exported to a case study: a dam and its rock mass foundation were modeled with discrete elements methods
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Crespo, José António Feliciano Fidalgo Ferreira. "Ligar o construir no construido." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10833.

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Chang, Hsin-Dieh, and 張芯堞. "The Moho discontinuity beneath Taiwan: Receiver functions and migration imaging." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71633040444155912934.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
102
We determine the depth variations of the Moho discontinuity beneath Taiwan from receiver functions and migration imaging. Taiwan is a young (~6.5 Ma) orogenic zone as a consequence of oblique collision between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Much debate has centered on various models explaining the tectonic evolution of Taiwan orogeny. To that end, the depth of the Moho discontinuity is a key parameter for better understanding crustal deformation patterns associated with orogenic processes. In this study, we delineate the Moho depth variations by analyzing converted and scattered seismic waves. We analyze waveform data from teleseismic events recorded at the Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS) and temporary seismic stations of TGC-line and TGS-line of Taiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research project (TAIGER). We selected teleseismic events of magnitude larger than 5.5 and epicentral distance between 30 and 90 degrees. Our receiver function results show that there are likely more than one converted phases presenting within crustal depths beneath the stations we examine, suggesting the possible presence of multiple layering at least locally. Our migration images further reveal significant Moho topography across central and southern Taiwan, with the deepest Moho located under the Central Range. These results are generally consistent with the Moho location determined by 7.5 km/s contour in 3-D P-wave velocity model. Finally, we also observe a strong mid-crust discontinuity, perhaps associated with seismic anisotropy.
8

Xu, Kui-jiang, and 徐魁江. "Spatial Dip Angle Variation of TRMDM （Taiwan Reference Moho Discontinuity Model）." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50714278134265647140.

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碩士
國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
97
Receiver function (RF) waveform observation, analysis and simulation approaches are used to investigate the crustal thickness and main crustal structure discontinuity beneath each broadband station in Taiwan. The main goal of this study is to resolve the spatial depth and dip angle variations of Moho discontinuity. The proposed Taiwan Reference Moho Discontinuity Model (TRMDM) is based on the analysis of teleseismic data collected by stations deployed and maintained by the Institute of Earth Sciences (BATS) and Central Weather Bureau (BBCWB) with additional five temporary broadband arrays deployed along east-west and north-south transect lines across island organized under TAIGER (TAiwan Integrated GEodynamic Research) project. More than 500 teleseismic events from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) report were recorded by 104 BB stations during 2006-2008. The data selection criteria are that the teleseismic events with mb ≧ 5.5 and epicentral distance is from 30 to 95 degree. From synthetic modeling studies of RF profile for uniform dip, planar interface with sufficient velocity contrast, the radial component shows symmetric waveform variation with back azimuth angle. That is, the amplitude variation with back azimuth angle of P- phase has inverse relationship with Ps phase. For the same polarity, the maximum amplitude of P- phase will corresponds to minimum amplitude for Ps- phase. For transverse component, the anti-symmetric property, coincidence of amplitude variation and inverse polarity change between P- and Ps- phase varying with back azimuth angle can help to determine the dipping direction. In addition, for both components, the amplitude variation with incidence angle for direct P phase is more apparent than the changes in Ps phase. For teleseismic data analysis, interpretation and identification of Moho conversion phase from stacked RF through different stacking criteria and travel-time picks were performed. Time-to-depth conversion on the manually picked Ps phase arrival time, determination of dipping direction and angle variation of TRMDM beneath each station are studied. The single stacked RF trace from all incoming plane waves and stacked four traces from four major directions impinging upon each station are examined and compared their waveform, amplitude, polarity and arrival time variations in order to determined their dipping angle and direction. Ps arrival time information is used to constrain Moho depth. Relative thin crust (21-24-28 km) in the northernmost corner (TIPB-TWBB-WFSB) of the island may correspond to slab budge and/or back-arc opening of Okinawa trough. In northern Taiwan, the Moho depth derived from ten stations indicates that: Moho depth varying from 27 km (TGN05) to 33 km (TGN12) in region covers latitude 24.6o to 25o and longitude 121.1o to 121.6o. In the region close to the northern end of central mountain range, between latitude 24o to 24.5o and longitude 121.3o to 121.8o, significant deeper Moho depth varying from 42 km (NACB) to 53 km (TGN09). In the northern end of the backbone range close to Ilan and Hualien county border, the northeastward subduction and flexure bending of the Phillipine Sea plate causing crustal thickening while thin crust behind the plate bending corresponding to in the northernmost Taiwan. At southwestern end of Shuieh Shan and close to central Taiwan, Moho reaches depth of 50 km (TGC06) to its maximum of 56 km (Shunglong station, SSLB) and become shallow towards east coast. The mechanism involving significant Moho depth variations may attributes to lithospheric thickening due to arc-continent collision in central Taiwan. In southern Taiwan (south of latitude 23.5o), average Moho depth is 35 km which is consistence with average global Moho depth. In northern Taiwan, analyzing polarity variations of six BB stations show clear southward dipping of Moho surface which is consistent with result derived from Ps arrival time. Simulation of common-receiver RF stacking profile at each station provide more detailed information on their spatial azimuthal variation of Moho discontinuity beneath Taiwan island. For Kimen (KMNB) and Matsu (MATB) stations, the clear Ps and PpPmS phases, at 4.1 and 13 sec respectively, show that the average Moho depth is around 34 km. At Kimen station a northwestward dipping shallow interface at depth of 3 km (0.5 sec) is identified from transverse component. At Penhu (PHUB) station, although an obvious 0.5 second shift occurred for P- arrival, the clear arrivals at 3.0 and 4.5 seconds (Ps1 and Ps2) may indicate partial melting of felsic basaltic magma intrusion produce high elastic impedance contrasts in the upper and lower intrusive boundary. Further detail analyses on the conversion phase for other stations are required in the future. The proposed TRMDM can be further constrained base on the broadband data available from TEC data center.
9

Hsu, Hsuan-Ju, and 徐瑄儒. "3D Topography of the Moho Discontinuity in the Taiwan Area as Extracted from Travel Time Inversion." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45509697940114870136.

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博士
國立中正大學
地震研究所
99
In order to recognize the tectonic implications of the Taiwan orogeny process, I used the multiple phases travel time inversion to investigate the crustal structure of Taiwan. First, I inverted the 3-D topography of Moho discontinuity in the Taiwan area with the PmP phase travel time data (see chapter 2). Second, I used the seismic data recorded by the Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network and the GPS data to recognize the seismogenic process beneath the south-western foothills in Taiwan (see chapter 3). Third, I inverted the 2-D velocity, Conrad discontinuity, and Moho discontinuity model beneath the southern Taiwan with the first arrival P-phase, PdP phase, and PmP phase travel time data recorded by the Taiwan Integrated Geodynamic Research project (see chapter 4). Finally, I recognized the 3-D velocity and Moho discontinuity model in the Taiwan area with the multiple phases travel time inversion (see chapter 5).
10

Batista, Luis. "Structure and tectonics of the crust and Moho discontinuity of the Gloria Fault and Terceira Rift (S. Miguel) along the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/44159.

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The crustal structure of two ~150 km long segments across two main tectonic plate boundaries in the North Atlantic, the Gloria Fault and the Terceira Rift are presented. The Gloria Fault stands as a seismogenic fracture zone that generates high magnitude earthquakes, such as the M8.4 event in 1941. Vp and Vs waves were recorded during an active seismic refraction experiment using 18 Ocean Bottom Stations. The velocity model allows discrimination of five layers (L1 to L5), L1 for sediments, L2 for upper crust, L3 for lower crust, L4 for a layer of unknown origin and L5 for mantle. Poisson coefficient from Vp/Vs ratio allowed estimation of layers’ densities. We speculate on L4 origin and nature from velocities and densities. Two possible models, L4 corresponds to a mixture of gabbro and peridotite or to hydrated mantle (serpentinized mantle). The Terceira Rift seismic refraction line comprehends data from the S. Miguel Island. Velocities of S waves were not recorded. The model is based in Vp only. A five layer model is proposed, L1 for volcano-sedimentary layer, L2 for upper crust, L3 for lower crust and L5 for the mantle. L4 between L3 and L5 has a lensoid shape and its velocities suggest either a cumulate gabbro underplated layer or hydrated mantle. A south dipping extensional shear zone aligned with the Monaco Graben was identified from the brittle upper crust and across the lower crust, L4 and mantle. This shear zone coincides with a cluster of seismicity located to the south of S. Miguel Island. To the north of S. Miguel seismicity is barely inexistent and a 20 km long recent landslide with a toe thrust is clearly imaged, suggesting northward tilting of the island caused by the extensional shear zone, the south flank of the Terceira Rift.
German Research Foundation, DFG, grant Hu698/19-1

Books on the topic "Moho discontinuity":

1

Somerville, Paul. The influence of critical Moho reflections on strong ground motion attenuation in California. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Office of Strong Motion Studies, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Moho discontinuity":

1

Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina. "Mohorovičić Discontinuity (Moho)." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_202-1.

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Giese, P. "MOHO DISCONTINUITY." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 645–59. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369396-9/00468-8.

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Mooney, Walter D. "The Moho Discontinuity." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 732–43. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00049-7.

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Rogers, John J. W., and M. Santosh. "Assembly of Continents and Establishment of Lower Crust and Upper Mantle." In Continents and Supercontinents. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165890.003.0007.

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Continents are very large areas of stable continental crust. After their initial accretion, they rift and move about the earth but undergo compressional deformation almost entirely on their margins. We start our discussion of continents by identifying the varieties of terranes that come together to create them. Because accretion of terranes requires closure of oceans between them, we continue our discussion by describing two different processes of closure. Then we recognize that assembly merely develops a group of terranes, and they must be “fused” or “welded” together before they can be a coherent continent. This process takes place partly during assembly, but most of it appears to be the result of post-collisional processes that continue for tens to hundreds of millions of years. This fusion develops lower continental crust and subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), the part of the upper mantle directly underlying continental crust, that have similar, although slightly variable, properties across the entire continent. The lower crust and SCLM are separated by the seismic discontinuity known as the Moho (chapter 1), and we finish this chapter by describing the lower crust and SCLM and variations in the depth of the Moho through time. Many of the blocks involved in continental accretion are “exotic” terranes that formed somewhere away from the continent and became “allochthonous” when they accreted to the continent. They include large continental blocks that collide with each other, small continental fragments that accrete to the margins of existing continents, intraoceanic island arcs, and small amounts of oceanic lithosphere. Terranes formed on the margin of a growing continent are regarded as “autochthonous” terranes. We recognize two of them: continental-margin magmatic arcs and sediments accumulated on passive margins. Collision of large continental blocks causes intense orogeny. We illustrate this process with the collision of the Russian platform and the Siberian plate to form the Urals in the Late Paleozoic (fig. 5.1; Fershtater et al., 1997; Puchkov, 1997; Friberg and Petrov, 1998; Brown and Spadea, 1999). The East European (Russian) platform was formed by the fusion of the Baltic and Ukrainian cratons at ~2 Ga.
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Craddock, John P., David H. Malone, Alex Konstantinou, John Spruell, and Ryan Porter. "Calcite twinning strains associated with Laramide uplifts, Wyoming Province." In Tectonic Evolution of the Sevier-Laramide Hinterland, Thrust Belt, and Foreland, and Postorogenic Slab Rollback (180–20 Ma). Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2555(06).

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ABSTRACT We report the results of 167 calcite twinning strain analyses (131 limestones and 36 calcite veins, n = 7368 twin measurements)t from the Teton–Gros Ventre (west; n = 21), Wind River (n = 43), Beartooth (n = 32), Bighorn (n = 32), and Black Hills (east; n = 11) Laramide uplifts. Country rock limestones record only a layer-parallel shortening (LPS) strain fabric in many orientations across the region. Synorogenic veins record both vein-parallel shortening (VPS) and vein-normal shortening (VNS) fabrics in many orientations. Twinning strain overprints were not observed in the limestone or vein samples in the supracrustal sedimentary veneer (i.e., drape folds), thereby suggesting that the deformation and uplift of Archean crystalline rocks that form Laramide structures were dominated by offset on faults in the Archean crystalline basement and associated shortening in the midcrust. The twinning strains in the pre-Sevier Jurassic Sundance Formation, in the frontal Prospect thrust of the Sevier belt, and in the distal (eastern) foreland preserve an LPS oriented approximately E-W. This LPS fabric is rotated in unique orientations in Laramide uplifts, suggesting that all but the Bighorn Mountains were uplifted by oblique-slip faults. Detailed field and twinning strain studies of drape folds identified second-order complexities, including: layer-parallel slip through the fold axis (Clarks Fork anticline), attenuation of the sedimentary section and fold axis rotation (Rattlesnake Mountain), rotation of the fold axis and LPS fabric (Derby Dome), and vertical rotations of the LPS fabric about a horizontal axis with 35% attenuation of the sedimentary section (eastern Bighorns). Regional cross sections (E-W) across the Laramide province have an excess of sedimentary veneer rocks that balance with displacement on a detachment at 30 km depth and perhaps along the Moho discontinuity at 40 km depth. Crustal volumes in the Wyoming Province balance when deformation in the western hinterland is included.

Conference papers on the topic "Moho discontinuity":

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Ramirez, Oscar, Genmeng Chen, Mike Saunders, Laurie Geiger, Milos Cvetkovic, Mark Roberts, and Richard Clarke. "Mudline to Moho: Imaging from the seafloor to the Moho discontinuity offshore Argentina." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2018-2997392.1.

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Tezel, T., and T. Shibutani. "Image of the Moho Discontinuity with Receiver Function Analysis." In 5th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.126.6246.

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Delipetrev, Todor. "MOHO DISCONTINUITY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." In SGEM2011 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2011/s06.114.

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Webb, S. J., T. K. Nguuri, J. Gore, and D. E. James. "Gravity modeling of the Moho discontinuity and velocity perturbations of the upper most mantle." In 7th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.143.19.1.

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Elysseieva, I. S. "Direct Interpretation of Bouguer Anomaly for Its Sources Search near the Moho Discontinuity and Deeper." In 2nd EAGE St Petersburg International Conference and Exhibition on Geosciences. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.20.p151.

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Soni, A., J. Monsalve, and N. Ripepi. "Analysis of Pillar Strength and Design in a Karst-Affected Underground Stone Mine." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-0924.

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ABSTRACT: Underground stone mines are often prone to karst formations created by the gradual erosion of carbonate rocks due to groundwater flow. The prevalent fracture network in these stone deposits offers favorable conditions for acidic dissolution, which leads to the formation of large karst cavities. The interaction of these cavities with the extensive presence of discontinuities is the major cause of ground control problems encountered during stone mining operations. This paper presents a case study for analyzing the effect of the karst cavity on the strength of a pillar in an underground room-and-pillar stone mine. Numerical analyses show that the presence of these voids in a pillar contributes to a considerable decrease in load-bearing capacity. Any development through excavation or blasting into the affected areas may pose a safety hazard to the miners. Apart from that, this may also disrupt production and burden the pre-planned mine operations. The study for estimating pillar strength using numerical modeling could provide a pragmatic approach to designing future pillars affected by karsts. The shape and volume of the karst cavities inside the concerned pillar were approximated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. LiDAR scans were performed to map the discontinuity network around the pillars, and Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) technique was implemented to simulate the joint network in the pillar’s rock mass. The behavior of the pillar with the increase in axial compressive stress was observed with the help of Distinct-element modeling (DEM) using 3DEC software. The pillar’s rock mass is simulated using Elastic and Mohr-Coulomb constitutive models. Two scenarios are presented to assess the pillar strength with and without the presence of karst. Pillar strength is compared to the estimated current stress levels to understand the potential for improvement in the pillar design. The research emphasizes the importance of pillar design while maximizing safety and production in underground stone mines with karst cavities to prevent pillar instability or local roof failures.
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Suresh More, Varsha, S. C. Malviya, Sanjoy Mukherjee, and Deelip Singh. "Structural and Fracture Intensity Modelling, an Integrated Approach for Fracture Basement Characterization: A Case Study of Mumbai High Field, Western Offshore India." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216840-ms.

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Abstract Fractured Basement reservoir is unconventional in the context of reservoir nature and the process involved in its reservoir characterization. Hydrocarbon is established in Basement reservoir in sporadic manner in Mumbai High area of Western Offshore India. Basement in Mumbai High is found to be prospective near fault zones, at junctions of significant tectonic cross trends and fault bounded high. The present study carried reservoir characterization through Geo-Cellular Modelling (GCM) using seismic attribute, log data, well data and geological structural modelling. The present study has been carried out on LUMINA processed seismic data with an objective to model the Basement reservoir and possible play consolidation in Mumbai High area. The workflow adopted for this study includes structural modelling, Fracture attribute analysis, Discontinuity modelling and generation of Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modelling. The properties derived from the well and seismic attribute studies is transformed to a geological model through GCM populated with Fracture Intensity as property for reservoir characterisation, which is further used to derive DFN. The accuracy of fracture characterization based on integrated model has been verified by drilling results of recent wells in the area, which are used in this case study. The case study demonstrates that the model built on integrated approach explain the distribution pattern of fractures in 3D space and helped in planning well path for successfully intersecting the fractures and establishing hydrocarbons. The paper comprise of illustration of three wells (WELL 11, 20 and 23) as case study which demonstrate fracture reservoir and also the analysis of Critically Stress Fracture (CSF). The Mohr diagrams illustrates the critically stressed fracture at virgin condition and also suggests that stimulation job can help in increasing open fractures. In few wells stimulation job was carried out which yielded positive results. By adopting this workflow we can characterise fault and structural setting of the study area along with fracture intensity for unconventional Basement reservoir. Further, this workflow can act as a tool for predictive fracture modelling.
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Wang, Rujun, Yanming Tong, Yintao Zhang, Chuan Wu, Yongfeng Zhu, Gaige Wang, Jiangyong Wu, Pin Yang, and Chenqing Tan. "Demystifying Dynamic Evolution of Fault System and its Controls on Karsted Reservoirs by Multi-Technology Integration." In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213987-ms.

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Abstract The Tazhong paleo-uplift is one of the most important hydrocarbon enrichment areas in Tarim Basin. After years of exploration, many reservoirs have been discovered in the deep Paleozoic carbonate karsted rocks. Current research suggests that tectonic evolution and faulting movements have an important impact on reservoir development and hydrocarbon accumulation. But the reservoir prediction reliability is greatly compromised due to the lack of appropriate technical means to ascertain the geometric and kinematic characteristics of fault system more accurately. We solve this difficulty to a great extent by integrating a series of new applicable technologies. Firstly, the existing seismic amplitude cube was further processed with the technology of "vector high fidelity signal enhance" which enhanced the natural bandwidth of seismic imaged volumes by simultaneously optimizing the signal and frequency content. Then more details of large-scale faults in the target interval were displayed. Secondly, a variety of fault detection methods were used to trace all possible large-scale faults including conventional edge-detection methods such as Variance cube and new method of "end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN)". Thirdly, "auto fault patch extraction" was performed and the extracted fault patches were combined with some manual work to make sure they followed certain structural patterns according to the regional geological knowledge. Fourthly, the kinematics of the mapped fault system including its grouping and staging were carefully explored based on "discontinuity stability analysis" and traditional geological analysis. The former was based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion considering friction angle and cohesion of the faults, their attitudes and the 3D paleo-stress fields corresponding to different tectonic events. And the latter mainly focused on vertical layering of seismic structures considering vertical variations of fault patterns and strata attitudes, offset formations, stratigraphic unconformities, growth formations and fault patterns in plan view, etc. It was suggested that the karsted carbonate reservoirs in some regions were mainly related to 3 types of fault damage zones, i.e. strike-slip fault damage zones, reverse fault damage zones and the hybrid ones. Among them, the parts with larger deformation, pull-apart basin, En echelon structure, faulted anticline, and superimposed elements were the most favorable belts to target high performance producers. It is the first time to integrate so many applicable new technologies to ascertain more clearly the geometry and kinematics and the fault system in the deep karsted carbonate reservoirs which are otherwise blurred on seismic images. This can be applied directly for optimized well placement and can also be referred to for similar industrial projects.

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