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Journal articles on the topic 'Mohair'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

McGregor, B. A., and W. D. English. "Gross margins in Australian mohair enterprises and relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09224.

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In the absence of financial information on Australian mohair enterprises we aimed to determine the gross margins (per dry sheep equivalent, DSE) and their relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality in Australian mohair enterprises. Using established Victorian Farm and Sheep Monitor Project protocols we collected data for the financial years 2004–05, 2005–06 and 2006–07 from farmers in south-eastern Australia and made comparisons with data from wool enterprises of similar farm area. Over 3 years the financial returns from mohair exceeded that from wool in terms of $/DSE ($23.0 v. 11.3) and $/ha ($132 v. $116). This result was achieved despite the mohair enterprises grazing their goats far less intensively compared with the grazing intensity of sheep (5.9 v. 10.3–11.1 DSE/ha) and by using far less phosphate fertiliser than used in the wool enterprises (2.2 v. 4.6–6.1 kg P/ha). These differences were counterbalanced by higher prices for mohair compared with fine wool ($13.15/kg v. $8.35/kg clean fibre). Gross margin for the mohair enterprise did not increase as stocking rate increased. Income from mohair sales declined as the proportion of does in the flock increased. Increasing the proportion of does in the flock was associated with a decline in the average price of mohair ($16/kg greasy at 42% does to $8/kg greasy at 83% does in the flock). This decline was closely associated with the increasing proportion of the total amount of mohair coarser than 34.0 µm (either fine hair or hair) plus stained mohair. The variation in profitability between farms indicates significant scope for many mohair enterprises to increase profit. A focus on producing finer quality mohair will increase mohair profitability.

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2

Broadbent, J. S., and D. Pullar. "Relationships between fleece characteristics and body weight in male angora goats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960001850x.

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The principle sale product from Angora goat flocks is mohair. Weight of fleece and its fineness and uniformity all influence the cash value of a fleece. The price of mohair is very variable but the highest quality (finest) mohair always commands a premium. Fineness is particularly important when mohair is in over-supply (Figs 1 and 2). In extreme years there is no market for coarse fibre.

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3

McGregor, B. A. "Influence of stocking rate and mixed grazing of Angora goats and Merino sheep on animal and pasture production in southern Australia. 3. Mohair and wool production and quality." Animal Production Science 50, no. 3 (2010): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09186.

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The effects of animal species (AS; Angora goats, Merino sheep, mixed-grazed goats and sheep at the ratio of 1 : 1) and stocking rate (SR; 7.5, 10 and 12.5 animals/ha) on fibre production and quality were determined in a replicated experiment on improved annual temperate pastures in southern Australia from 1981 to 1984. Separately grazed sheep produced the most total clean fibre/ha at each SR. Mixed-grazed treatments produced amounts of clean fibre/ha similar to the arithmetic mean of sheep and goat treatments at 7.5/ha (21.9 versus 21.3 kg/ha), 10% more at 10/ha (28.3 versus 25.3 kg/ha, P < 0.05) and 7% more at 12.5/ha (31.6 versus 29.6 kg/ha, P < 0.10). Clean wool production/head was affected by AS and SR but not year. Clean mohair production was affected by SR and year but not AS. Variation in mean fibre diameter (MFD) accounted for 67 and 71%, respectively, of the variation in clean wool and clean mohair production/head. There was an AS × SR interaction for clean fibre production/t pasture. Growth rate of mohair was highest in autumn and least in summer. In each season, an increase in the SR reduced the clean mohair growth rate. Growth rate of wool was highest in spring and least in summer. Wool and mohair MFD were affected by an AS × SR interaction. Mohair MFD was also affected by year and season. At 10/ha, wool from mixed-grazed sheep had a greater MFD than wool from separately grazed sheep (20.2 versus 18.9 μm) and mixed-grazed goats grew mohair 1 μm coarser than separately grazed goats. At 12.5/ha mixed-grazed goats grew mohair 1.9 μm finer than separately grazed goats. Mohair MFD was predicted by a multiple regression that included average liveweight for the period of fleece growth, season of growth (summer 1 µm finer than winter) and year (range 1.27 µm). Mohair MFD increased 4.7 µm/10 kg increase in average fleece-free liveweight (P = 6.4 × 10–14). Fleece-free liveweight alone accounted for 76.4% of the variation in mohair MFD. There was an AS × SR interaction for the incidence of kemp and medullated fibres; under severe grazing pressure their incidence was suppressed. This experiment indicated that the principles associated with the effects of SR on wool production on annual temperate pastures apply to mohair production. Mixed grazing of Merino sheep and Angora goats produced complementary and competitive effects depending on the SR. Angora goats should not be grazed alone or mixed-grazed with sheep on annual temperate pastures at SR greater than that recommended for Merino sheep.

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4

Deaville, E. R., and H. Galbraith. "Effects of dietary yeast and protein supplementation on growth and fibre characteristics of british angora goats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018511.

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The growing need to diversify animal production in the UK has Increased the interest in indigenous fibre production. Mohair production from Angora goats 1n this country dates back as recently as 1981 with the Importation of 15 Angora does and 3 bucks from New Zealand (Ryder, 1987). To date this production remains a very small enterprise producing less than 0.2% of the world's mohair production (Fisher, 1989) and is compared with an estimated 40% of the world's mohair Imported annually in the UK, valued at approximately £35 million (Fisher, 1989).There is relatively little information available concerning the nutritional requirements of British Angora goats in relation to mohair production. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of feeding basal diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yea -Sacc, Alltech, Europe) and additional protein on growth performance, selected blood metabolites and fibre (mohair) growth 1n Angora goats.

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5

Lupton, C. J., F. A. Pfeiffer, and N. E. Blakeman. "Medullation in mohair." Small Ruminant Research 5, no. 4 (September 1991): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(91)90073-y.

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6

McGregor, B. A., and K. L. Butler. "Contribution of objective and subjective attributes to the variation in commercial value of Australian mohair: implications for mohair production, genetic improvement, and mohair marketing." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 12 (2004): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04107.

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A database collected in the years 1998–01, from 2 mohair-selling agents in Australia, was analysed using multiple regression analysis to determine the effect on commercial sale prices of year, selling season within year, agent, mean fibre diameter (MFD), coefficient of variation of fibre diameter [CV(D)], vegetable matter base (VM), Schlumberger dry yield, visually assessed staple length, visually assessed fibre style, incidence of kemp, other faults, and interactions of these effects. The database consisted of 557 objectively measured lots. The weighted means ± s.d. of attributes analysed were: MFD, 30.9 ± 3.7 μm; CV(D), 29.1 ± 2.6%; VM, 1.0 ± 1.0%; Schlumberger dry yield, 84.0 ± 2.7%; lot weight, 1186 ± 938 kg. The final model for the price of greasy mohair had fixed terms involving a combination of selling agent, selling period, MFD, VM, and visual classing grades. This model accounted for 98% of the variation of the logarithm of greasy mohair price. Agent and selling period combinations accounted for 22% of the variation. Terms involving MFD accounted for 59% of the variation not accounted for by agent and period combinations. Although the response of greasy mohair price to MFD differed greatly with period, in the second quarter of 1999 the maximum relative price of greasy mohair was reached at a MFD of about 25 μm. The relative price typically declined to about 50% of the maximum at 30 μm and to a price of 10% of the maximum at 36 μm. The increase in relative value from poor to superior style mohair was about 43%. There were large discounts for length (up to 48%), kemp (up to 87%), and light stained mohair (70%). Deviations due to length differ with time and MFD. The discount for fault lines was proportionally higher when MFD was low, and proportionally less serious when the mohair MFD was high. The discount was proportionally greater the more serious the fault. There was a curvilinear response to the presence of VM in mohair and an interaction of VM with MFD, but these terms only accounted for the last 0.5% of the variation. After allowing for the effects of selling, agent, visual attributes, MFD, and VM, neither Schlumberger dry yield nor CV(D) was related to greasy mohair price. CV(D) was related to length, kemp, fault, and MFD. Apart from the current practice of price reporting on a greasy basis, the information supplied by agents provides transparency in mohair transactions as the current objective measurements and visual appraisal explain 97% of the variation not explained by agent and period of sale.

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7

McGregor, B. A., K. L. Butler, and M. B. Ferguson. "The allometric relationship between mean fibre diameter of mohair and the fleece-free liveweight of Angora goats over their lifetime." Animal Production Science 52, no. 1 (2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11086.

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As mean fibre diameter (MFD) is the primary determinant of mohair price we aimed to quantify the lifetime changes in mohair MFD as Angora goats aged and grew. Measurements were made over 12 shearing periods on a population of Angora goats representing the current range and diversity of genetic origins including South African, Texan and interbred admixtures of these and Australian sources. Records of sire, dam, birthweight, birth parity, liveweight, fleece growth and fleece quality were taken for does and castrated males (wethers) (n = 267 animals). Fleece-free liveweights (FFLwt) were determined for each goat at shearing time by subtracting the greasy fleece weight from the liveweight recorded immediately before shearing. A restricted maximum likelihood growth curve model was developed for relating MFD to FFLwt, age and other measurements. A simple way of describing the results is: MFD = κ (FFLwt)β E; where κ is a parameter that can vary in a systematic way with shearing(age), breed, weaning weight, sire, dam and individual; β is a parameter that is the same for nearly the whole study; and E are independent errors from a log-normal distribution. The analysis shows that = 0.34, with s.e. () = 0.021. Thus, mohair MFD was allometrically related to the cube root of FFLwt over the lifetime of Angora goats. However, the allometric proportionality constant differed in a systematic way with age at shearing, genetic strain, weaning weight, sire, dam and individual. For Texan-breed goats, MFD decreased as weaning weight increased (P = 0.00016). The findings indicate that management factors that affect liveweight and weaning weight have lifetime effects on mohair fibre diameter and therefore the value of mohair and the profitability of the mohair enterprise.

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8

Balasingham, T. G., N. A. Robinson, and B. A. McGregor. "Implications for the conservation of genetic diversity in mohair goats from a comparison of a relic island population with breeds farmed in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 4 (1999): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98061.

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The genetic relationships between an abandoned population of mohair-style, fibre-producing goats from the remote semi-arid Faure Island, Western Australia and 3 modern breeds of Angora goats (Australian, southern African and Texan) were investigated. Faure Island goats originated from stock introduced in the 1890s, reputedly from South Africa. Farmed Faure goats were abandoned on the island about 1918, but their fine mohair fleece has since generated commercial interest within the Australian mohair industry. Nineteen microsatellite loci were used to compare Nei’s genetic distance between and variation within the breeds. Faure Island goats are more similar to southern African and Texan Angoras than to Australian Angoras. Genetic variability was lower in Australian Angoras than in Faure Island, southern African and Texan Angoras (lowest proportion of polymorphic loci, mean heterozygosity and mean number of alleles). Current Faure Island mohair-style goats are more closely related to modern southern African Angora goats than to traditional Australian Angora goats, while the reduced variability in the latter may have resulted from inbreeding. These results have implications for the genetic improvement of fibre-producing goats and for the conservation of genetic material from island populations of goats.

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9

McGREGOR, B. A., and K. L. BUTLER. "Frequency of shearing increases growth of fibre and changes objective and subjective attributes of Angora goat fleeces." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 3 (December 17, 2007): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859607007599.

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SUMMARYThe impact of genotype and of frequency and timing of shearing, on mohair attributes and production of modern Angora goats was studied. Goats in the southern hemisphere grazed pastures between February 2004 and 2006. There were seven shearing treatments by three genetic strains with four or eight replicates of individual goats. Treatments were: three different 6-month shearing intervals and two of 12-month shearing intervals with different months of shearing, a 7-month winter shearing interval and a 3-month shearing interval. Genetic strain was based on sire line: 1·0 South African; 1·0 Texan; and Mixed 0·5 South African and 0·5 Texan. Annual greasy mohair production was 5·08 kg, and average clean fleece production was 4·37 kg. The Angora goats produced an annual clean fleece equivalent to 0·122 of their mean fleece-free live weight which was equal to 0·34 g/kg/day. Measurements were analysed over the period of spring 2004 shearing to spring 2005 shearing, excluding the June–December shearing treatment. Increased frequency of shearing increased fleece growth and affected 13 objective and subjective attributes of mohair that were evaluated including clean washing yield, fibre diameter and fibre diameter variation, incidence of medullated fibres, staple length, fibre curvature, crimp frequency, style, staple definition, staple fibre entanglement and staple tip shape. The direction of these effects were generally favourable and for most attributes the magnitude of the response was linear and commercially important. Each additional shearing resulted in an additional 149 g of clean mohair representing 0·034 of the annual clean mohair production. This increase was associated with a 0·6 cm increase in staple length and 0·32 μm increase in mean fibre diameter. In conclusion, Angora goats shorn less frequently grew less mohair that was more likely to be entangled in spring. Managers of Angora goats should take note of these findings.

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10

Boguslavsky, A., A. Botha, and L. Hunter. "Measuring Medullation in Mohair with near Infrared Reflectance Analysis." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 8 (August 1992): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200801.

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Existing methods of measuring medullation in wool and mohair have certain shortcomings, such as testing time, cost, and variability, especially at low levels of medullation. A new method using near-infrared analysis (NIRA) is proposed. The main difference between the new method and the conventional NIRA method involves the immersion of the mohair sample in a liquid with a refractive index similar to that of mohair. All the calibration and validation statistical parameters improve significantly compared to the conventional NIRA method. The standard error of prediction for the new method is 0.31%. There is a high reproducibility of single measurements, especially at low levels of medullation. The main factor limiting the precision of conventional NIRA estimates of medullation is considered to be the influence of the light signal reflected from fiber surface.

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11

Fouda, I. M., K. A. El-Farahaty, and M. M. El-Tonsy. "Optical Anisotropy in Mohair Fibers." Textile Research Journal 59, no. 9 (September 1989): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758905900903.

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12

Nielsen, J. S., and J. Arnbjerg. "Hereditary Peromelia in Mohair Goats." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 39, no. 1-10 (February 12, 1992): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00166.x.

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13

Haenlein, G. F. W. "Angora goat and mohair production." Small Ruminant Research 16, no. 1 (March 1995): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)90008-x.

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14

Austin, S. A., D. Aliakbar, R. A. Cooper, and J. A. Kirk. "The effect of varying protein degradability on mohair fibre characteristics and liveweight gain in angora goats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022054.

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The primary objective of Angora goat producers is to optimise yields of high quality mohair, characterised by long staples of fine fibres. There is also now an increased interest in the concurrent production of goat meat as an additional source of income. Protein supplementation has been shown to affect mohair yield, quality and liveweight gain in Angora goats both in the USA (Shelton and Huston, 1966) and more recently in the UK (Shahjalal et al., 1991). Throckmorton et al. (1982) detected an improvement in liveweight gain and fibre production when Australian Angoras were fed a supplement high in rumen undegradable protein (UDP) but the effect of protein degradability has not yet been established, particularly under UK conditions. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of varying protein degradability on yield, staple length and fibre diameter of mohair, and on liveweight gain of British Angora goats.

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15

Lanari, M. R., M. Pérez Centeno, J. Arrigo, S. Debenedetti, and M. Abad. "Razas locales y fibras caprinas, bases para un desarrollo rural del norte de la Patagonia Argentina." Animal Genetic Resources Information 45 (October 2009): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233909990320.

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ResumenEn el norte de la Patagonia (Argentina) los sistemas caprinos son extensivos de subsistencia, con baja incorporación de tecnología. Unos 6000 pequeños productores, crían 700.000 cabras de Razas locales (Criolla Neuquina, Colorada Pampeana y otras) y 550.000 Angora, produciendo Cashmere y Mohair. La producción de Cashmere está en desarrollo, estimándose un potencial de 15 tn. Dada la gran variabilidad poblacional para características de fibra se espera buena respuesta a la selección. Apoyados en procesos participativos se busca desarrollar productos artesanales e industriales. La producción de Mohair se encuentra en mejoramiento. Argentina es el cuarto productor mundial de esta fibra (825 tn). Su desarrollo actual es promovido por el “Programa Mohair”, basado en: organización, aplicación de tecnologías apropiadas de esquila y clasificación, manejo reproductivo y mejoramiento. El “Programa” comercializa en conjunto el 10% de la producción total del país, con criterios de calidad y comercio justo. Se observan soluciones a problemas productivos, facilitadas mediante el fortalecimiento de las organizaciones y la participación protagónica de los productores. La extensión y transferencia de tecnologías apropiadas han mejorado los productos en cantidad y calidad además de poner en valor los procesos productivos tradicionales. En los casos del Cashmere y Mohair encontramos productores fuertemente arraigados a su tierra y a sus cabras, de las cuales dependen, que se ven valorizados superando las restricciones propias del sistema.

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16

McGregor, B. A. "Variation in the whiteness and brightness of mohair associated with farm, season, and mohair attributes." Small Ruminant Research 107, no. 1 (September 2012): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.06.002.

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17

Pringle, W. A., and J. A. Döckel. "Determinants of Mohair Supply: 1972 - 1987." Studies in Economics and Econometrics 15, no. 2 (July 31, 1991): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03796205.1991.12129004.

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18

Özkan Taği, Sema, and Zeynep Erdoğan. "The Adventure of Mohair in Anatolia." Folk Life 52, no. 1 (April 22, 2014): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0430877813z.00000000018.

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19

Hunter, L., A. Braun, and E. Gee. "The Coefficient of Variation of Fibre Diameter of Commercial Raw and Scoured Mohair and Mohair Tops." Journal of The Textile Institute 76, no. 4 (July 1985): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405008508658512.

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20

Visser, C., and E. van Marle-Koster. "Genetic variation of the reference population for quantitative trait loci research in South African Angora goats." Animal Genetic Resources Information 45 (October 2009): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233909990435.

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SummaryThe South African Angora goat industry makes the largest contribution to global mohair production. Mohair is a luxury fibre and production of a high quality clip is essential. For many years genetic improvement of Angoras in South Africa was based on quantitative selection. Genome mapping efforts provided new avenues for improvement and a quantitative trait loci (QTL) study was initiated to identify QTL associated with mohair traits. The aim of this study was to describe the genetic diversity of the reference population using the available stud and commercial herds with full phenotypic records. The most appropriate QTL design was identified based on the population structure with regard to the families and number of bucks available for breeding. Four herds, consisting of 1067 pure bred goats in 12 half-sib families, were included. Blood samples were obtained from the herds, 94 markers were tested and diversity parameters were estimated. The average number of alleles per marker varied between 5.4 and 7.2 amongst the herds, whereas the observed heterozygosity varied between 0.59 and 0.67. The genetic structure of these herds was found appropriate for use as a reference population as they showed sufficient genetic variability.

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21

McGregor, B. A., R. Harris, and G. Denney. "Influence of grain supplements during winter on liveweight, mohair growth and mohair quality of weaner Angora goats." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09222.

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To identify methods to improve growth and mohair production of weaned Angora goats (mean liveweight 18–20 kg) during their first winter, two supplementary feeding experiments using whole-grain barley and lupins were conducted on a farm in southern New South Wales, in a region where weaner illthrift had been reported. Experiment 1 was a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with 16 replicate goats; two feeding levels (115 or 230 g/day of whole-barley grain) × two periods of feeding (4 or 8 weeks) + Control (grazing only). Experiment 2 had five treatments × 13 replicate goats; three treatments fed 230 g/day of whole-barley grain for periods of 2 or 3 months and two treatments fed a 50 : 50 mixture of lupin and barley grain at 350 g/day for 2 or 4 months. Goats were individually fed and then all returned together for grazing. There were no effects of feeding in Experiment 1 and variations of feeding 230 g/day of barley in Experiment 2 provided no benefit. Feeding lupin/barley for 4 months increased liveweight (gain 59 g/day), mohair production, mohair fibre diameter and the incidence of medullated fibre. About 25% of this ration was not eaten by eight goats, reducing treatment average intake to 295 g/day. By the end of spring, there was no difference in treatment liveweights. Regression constants indicated that for each 1 μm increase in mean fibre diameter, greasy fleece weight increased 35 g and for each 1 kg increase in pre-shearing liveweight, greasy fleece weight increased 26 g. The results show that Angora weaner goats can grow during winter, provided their energy and protein needs for growth are met. Improved pasture management and higher levels of supplementary feeding to weaned Angoras are indicated compared with current practices on farms in Australia.

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22

Souri, M., H. Galbraith, and J. R. Scaife. "Effect of protected methionine supplementation of the diet on the partitioning of dietary nitrogen in the Angora goat." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1997 (1997): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200596082.

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Angora goats are efficient producers of hair fibre. They produce more fibre in relation to their size than sheep(Shelton et al., 1973). In skin and Mohair fibre cystine, which may be synthesised from methionine, is present in relative excess (5-10 times) to the other amino acids, when compared with major protein stores, such as skeletal muscle. Consequently a limitation in the supply of sulphur amino acids, may have disproportionate effects on the amount of nitrogen partitioned to other body tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of additional rumen protected intestinally available methionine in the diet on the partitioning of nitrogen between mohair and other body tissues in the Angora goat.

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23

McGregor, BA, and RW Hodge. "Influence of energy and polymer-encapsulated methionine supplements on mohair growth and fibre diameter of Angora goats fed at maintenance." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1989): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890179.

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We studied the fleece production of Angora wether goats provided with energy, to maintain liveweight, and polymer-encapsulated methionine while they were fed on poor quality roughage rations in early summer. Forty goats (mean fleece-free liveweight 28.5 kg) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments and housed individually for 12 weeks. The treatments were: control, fed to lose 5 kg liveweight; M, fed to maintain liveweight; and 3 maintenance rations with either 0.5, 1 or 2 g day-1 of polymer-encapsulated methionine. The basal ration was oaten chaff (56.8% digestible dry matter) and all maintenance- fed goats received a supplement of 150 g day- 1 gristed barley. Goats required an estimated 267 kJ ME kg-0.75 day-1 to maintain liveweight. Goats fed the control diet grew less mohair (P<0.05) with reduced mean fibre diameter (P< 0.05) than maintenance-fed goats (4.9 g day-1, 30.0 pm compared with 5.8 g day-1, 31.9 pm). For maintenance-fed animals, the addition of 1 g day- methionine (0.15% of dry matter intake) increased mohair growth by 0.8g day-1 (P<0.075). Feeding barley to prevent liveweight loss and feeding polymer-encapsulated methionine at maintenance is unlikely to result in economic responses in mohair production of goats grazing low quality summer pastures.

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24

Wortmann, F. J., Gabriele Wortmann, and R. Greven. "Mechanical Profilometry of Wool and Mohair Fibers." Textile Research Journal 70, no. 9 (September 2000): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750007000907.

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25

Fahmy, M. H. "Wool and mohair. Producing better natural fibres." Small Ruminant Research 8, no. 4 (September 1992): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(92)90220-x.

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26

Boguslavsky, A., A. Botha, and L. Hunter. "The NIR Measurement of Medullation in Mohair." NIR news 4, no. 1 (February 1993): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.167.

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27

Lee, D. R., H. Galbraith, and J. R. Scaife. "In vitro Fibre production and protein deposition in secondary hair follicles of the cashmere and angora goat." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960002763x.

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Hair fibre represents an important biological process to many feral and domesticated animals, both for environmental protection and as an aid to thermoregulation. Mohair which is the fine fibre produced by secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat grows essentially independent of season, with typical growth rates of 0.5-1 .0mm/day and annual yields typically 2-3kg. In contrast, down production from secondary hair follicles of double coated goats, classified as cashmere, is dependent on season. Fibre grows from around the summer to the winter solstice or later, with growth rates in this period of 0.3-0.7mm/day and annual yields maximally 600g but typically less than 100g. Questions arise as to how the seasonal stimuli affect fibre growth, and what determines the differences in fibre production between the two genotypes at the follicle level.In the work described here, based on the in vitro isolation and culture technique developed for the Angora and Cashmere goats by Ibraheem et al (1993, 1992 repectively) we have compared fibre volume produced in vivo and in vitro, examined the DNA concentration and protein depositional capacities of mohair and cashmere secondary follicles. In addition the effects of the hormones prolactin and melatonin as mediators of photoperiod in vivo, on in vitro protein deposition in mohair and cashmere secondary hair follicles are also examined.

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Deniskova, Tatiana, Nekruz Bakoev, Arsen Dotsev, Marina Selionova, and Natalia Zinovieva. "Maternal Origins and Haplotype Diversity of Seven Russian Goat Populations Based on the D-loop Sequence Variability." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091603.

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The territory of modern Russia lies on the crossroads of East and West and covers various geographical environments where diverse groups of local goats originated. In this work, we present the first study on the maternal origin of Russian local goats, including Altai Mountain (n = 9), Dagestan Downy (n = 18), Dagestan Local (n = 12), Dagestan Milk (n = 15), Karachaev (n = 21), Orenburg (n = 10), and Soviet Mohair (n = 7) breeds, based on 715 bp D-loop mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. Saanen goats (n = 5) were used for comparison. Our findings reveal a high haplotype (HD = 0.843–1.000) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0112–0.0261). A total of 59 haplotypes were determined in the Russian goat breeds, in which all differed from the haplotypes of the Saanen goats. The haplotypes identified in Altai Mountain, Orenburg, Soviet Mohair, and Saanen goats were breed specific. Most haplotypes (56 of 59) were clustered together with samples belonging to haplogroup A, which was in accordance with the global genetic pattern of maternal origin seen in most goats worldwide. The haplotypes that were grouped together with rare haplogroups D and G were found in the Altai Mountain breed and haplogroup C was detected in the Soviet Mohair breed. Thus, our findings revealed that local goats might have been brought to Russia via various migration routes. In addition, haplotype sharing was found in aboriginal goat populations from overlapping regions, which might be useful information for their official recognition status.

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PRINGLE, W. A., and J. A. DOCKEL. "The South African Angora Goat and Mohair Industry." South African Journal of Economics 57, no. 3 (September 1989): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1989.tb00193.x.

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30

Snyman, M. A. "Evaluation of a genetically fine mohair producing herd." Small Ruminant Research 43, no. 2 (February 2002): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4488(01)00270-x.

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31

邢, 思敏. "Theory of Mohair Texture Expression in Knitted Garments." Art Research Letters 04, no. 03 (2015): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/arl.2015.43003.

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32

Kirk, J. A., V. S. A. Russell-Dawe, and S. Austin. "Intramuscular fat analysis of intensively and commercially reared British Angora goats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027550.

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The Angora goat herd in the UK primarily produces mohair but must, as an enterprise, maximise the return from animals that are surplus to requirement. It has been suggested that the Uk producer should be aiming for fourty percent of financial output from meat and sixty percent from mohair (Thirwell 1988). Compared to cattle and sheep, knowledge of yield and quality of goat meat reared under UK conditions is limited. The role of nutrition and stage of maturity in determining levels and distribution of fat are poorly understood (Warmington and Kirton 1990).The male castrate Angora goat was selected since this constitutes the major source of meat, being generally redundant after two years of age when fibre quality begins to decline. Animals were sequentialy slaughtered at the predetermined ages of six,12, 18 and 24 months to coincide with the commercial practice of shearing Angora goats at six monthly intervals. Fourty animals, typical of those kept for commercial mohair production in the Uk, were reared under a commercial or intensive rearing system. Twenty goats were fed on a grass based, commercial system, representing that fovouring quality fibre production. The remaining twenty were reared intensively on an ad lib. pelleted complete diet containing 8.9 MJ/kg dry matter and 11.4 percent crude protein. Five goats from each diet were slaughtered at the predetermined times. After slaughter the carcases were jointed and then dissected inio lean, fat and bone. The quantity and composition of the intramuscular fat in the longissimus dorsi was determined using the Food and Research Association (1987) method and by use of gas chromatography.

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33

Tucker, DJ, AHF Hudson, A. Laudani, RC Marshall, and DE Rivett. "Variation in goat fibre protein." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890675.

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The proteins from a range of cashmere, mohair, angoratcashmere crossbred and wool fibre samples were extracted at pH 8 with 8 M urea containing dithiothreitol, and were then radiolabelled by S-carboxymethylation using iodo(2-14C) acetate. The proteins from each sample were examined by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in which the separation in the first dimension was according to charge at pH 8.9 and in the second dimension according to apparent molecular weight in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After electrophoresis the proteins were detected by fluorography. Protein differences in keratin samples from some individual goats existed, although the overall protein patterns were similar. None of the differences were consistent with any one goat fibre type. The protein patterns obtained for fibre samples from individual cashmere goats showed some differences when compared to those found for commercial blends from the same country of origin, indicating that blending can mask any animal-to-animal variation. While the electrophoretic technique does not unequivocally distinguish between cashmere, mohair and angora/cashmere crossbred fibres it does differentiate between wool and goat fibres.

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34

Watanabe, Akira, Shi-Nya Kurosaki, Fujio Konda, and Yoshiro Nishimura. "Analysis of Blend Irregularity in Yarns Using Image Processing: Part II: Applying the System to Actual Blended Yarns." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 12 (December 1992): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206201205.

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Image processing has been applied to actual blended yarns made from wool/wool and wool/mohair, and the blend state (fiber arrangement) of the yarns analyzed. Yarn about 4 mm long (310 pixels) was processed in each image. The projected area of white and black fibers on the yarn surfaces, the blend ratios, and the sizes of clusters were determined. Further, when several scores of yarn images laid in a row were put into the system, blend irregularity curves could be obtained. From these curves, variance-length curves of blend irregularity were calculated, and a total variance, average values, etc., were determined. The analysis showed that the wool/wool yarn was well blended compared with the wool/mohair, because the former was smaller in blend ratio variance than the latter, was also smaller in cluster size and its variance, and further was smaller in the total variance of the variance-length curve for blend irregularity. With this system, such differences in the blend state of an actual blended yarn, which can hardly be distinguished with the naked eye, can be estimated.

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35

Qi, K., C. D. Lu, F. N. Owens, and C. J. Lupton. "Sulfate supplementation of Angora goats: metabolic and mohair responses2." Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 2828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1992.7092828x.

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36

Hunter, L., S. Smuts, and A. F. Botha. "Characterizing Visually Objectionable and Nonobjectionable Medullated Fibers in Mohair." Journal of Natural Fibers 10, no. 2 (January 2013): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2013.763483.

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Ghituleasa, Carmen, Emilia Visileanu, and Mihai Ciocoiu. "Aspects Regarding Romanian Angora Mohair Fibres, Characteristics, Application Fields." Journal of Natural Fibers 1, no. 2 (October 12, 2004): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j395v01n02_02.

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38

Blakeman, N. E., C. J. Lupton, and F. A. Pfeiffer. "A Sonic Digitizer Technique for Measuring Medullation in Mohair." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 9 (September 1988): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800911.

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39

Visser, C., E. Van Marle-Köster, H. Bovenhuis, and R. P. M. A. Crooijmans. "QTL for mohair traits in South African Angora goats." Small Ruminant Research 100, no. 1 (September 2011): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.05.007.

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40

Demir, Asl. "Atmospheric plasma advantages for mohair fibers in textile applications." Fibers and Polymers 11, no. 4 (July 2010): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0580-2.

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41

McGregor, B. A. "Development and growth of mohair fleeces from birth and relationships between skin follicle populations, mohair physical properties, animal size and fleece value." Small Ruminant Research 189 (August 2020): 106142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106142.

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42

Kadı, İsmail Hakkı. "Explaining the Vitality of Eighteenth-century Non-Muslim Ottoman Merchants: How to Cope with Transaction Costs." Medieval History Journal 22, no. 2 (November 2019): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945819893033.

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The role of non-Muslim communities in the Ottoman Empire has been a topic of debate among scholars who approached the issue from various perspectives at different times. One thread in this debate focused on these communities’ role in Ottoman trade with Europe and emphasized their relations with western capital in explanation of their prominence in the Ottoman economy. This article attempts to explain the vitality of non-Muslim merchants through the centuries in the face of Western economic penetration of the Ottoman Empire, by focusing on transaction costs and market imperfections in North-western Anatolia. The article focuses on the trade in mohair yarn and cotton, which were the most important commodities exported to the Netherlands from the Ottoman Empire. Relying on data obtained from Dutch archives on cotton and mohair yarn consignments from Ankara and Izmir to Amsterdam, the article emphasises the diversity and complexity of the various transactions and expenses required to deliver these consignments to Amsterdam. It suggests that the local merchants were able to take advantage of the market imperfections and high transaction costs in North Western Anatolia while interacting with European merchants in the region.

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43

Quispe Peña, Edgar Carlos, Diego Sacchero, and Max David Quispe Bonilla. "Potencial uso en la evaluación de lanas y fibras de animales de un novedoso caracterizador electrónico." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 29, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v29i3.13677.

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Se desarrolló y validó un novedoso Caracterizador Electrónico de Fibras (CEF). En el desarrollo del CEF se utilizaron y ensamblaron componentes mecánicos, ópticos, electrónicos e informáticos. Para la calibración, validación y evaluación del potencial uso en fibras de animales se tomaron muestras de patrones de diámetros conocidos de tops de ovinos, mohair, alpacas, así como muestras de fragmentos de fibras de vicuñas y de alpacas, que fueron medidas antes y después de calibrar con el CEF, OFDA2000 en modo 100 y Laserscan. También se midieron 299 fragmentos de muestras de alpacas sin lavar en el OFDA 2000 y en el CEF bajo condiciones de campo. El CEF desarrollado permite procesar las imágenes de fibras obtenidas mediante tecnología de visión artificial, realizando más de 8000 mediciones por muestra en 30 segundos. Los resultados se muestran en una interfaz gráfica amigable que forma parte del software propietario elaborado para el CEF. La calibración para la conversión de pixeles a micras se ajustó a regresiones lineales con coeficientes de correlación muy cercanos a 1. Los resultados de la validación indican que el CEF tiene alta precisión y exactitud para la media de diámetro de fibra (MDF) con rangos de tolerancia ubicados dentro de los exigidos por IWTO y ASTM, para el caso de lana de ovino y fibra de mohair, aunque un poco bajos para el caso de fibras de vicuñas. De otro lado, se encontró una correlación cercana a 1 para mediciones obtenidas por el OFDA 2000 y el CEF respecto a fibras de alpacas para MDF y factor de confort, tanto en el caso de uso en laboratorio como en campo. Finalmente, en la evaluación de fibras de cachemira se encontró que los resultados son característicos de este tipo de fibras. Se concluye que el CEF puede utilizarse en la evaluación de lanas de ovinos y fibras de mohair y alpacas con gran precisión y exactitud, debiéndose realizar más evaluaciones para fibras de vicuñas y cachemira.

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44

Shahjalal, Md, H. Galbraith, and J. H. Topps. "The effect of changes in dietary protein and energy on growth, body composition and mohair fibre characteristics of British Angora goats." Animal Science 54, no. 3 (June 1992): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020869.

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AbstractTwenty-four castrated male British Angora goats of Australasian origin aged 11 months and weighing 23·5 kg live weight were studied in a 112-day experiment. They were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive diets containing, per kg dry matter, concentrations of estimated metabolizable energy (ME) of 10·2 M] (LE) or 11·9 MJ (HE) and crude protein concentrations of 108 g (LP) or 180 g (HP). The HE diets were offered to provide a dry-matter intake of 30 g/kg live weight and the LE diets to provide 0·85 of the ME intake of HE diets.In comparison with LE diets, the HE diets, on average, increased live-weight gain, food conversion efficiency, carcass weight, killing-out proportion, empty body weight, cross-sectional area of m. longissimus dorsi and fat thickness over m. serratus dorsalis and weights in the carcass for dissected lean tissue, crude protein (N × 6·25) and dissected and chemically extracted fat. Weights of shoulder, hind barrel, and best-end joints and their weights of dissected lean and fat were increased on HE diets. No consistent effects due to dietary energy were observed for yield or diameter of mohair fibres.The greater intake of dietary protein resulted, on average, in increased values for live-weight gain, efficiency of food conversion, carcass weight, weight of dissected carcass lean tissue and crude protein, killing-out proportion and cross-sectional area of m. longissimus dorsi. The greater intake of dietary protein increased significantly both yield and diameter of mohair fibre.Significant interactions between protein and energy for empty body weight, carcass weight and carcass fat indicated that increasing dietary protein intake had a greater positive effect on the low than on the high energy diets. Similarly, increasing the dietary energy consumption on the LP diets produced a greater positive effect than that recorded on the HP diets.The results indicated that growth and lean tissue deposition were affected by both protein and energy intakes but that mohair fibre characteristics were affected consistently only by protein nutrition.

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45

Nelson, G., P. F. Hamlyn, L. Holden, and B. J. McCarthy. "A Species-Specific DNA Probe for Goat Fiber Identification." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 10 (October 1992): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206201006.

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The development of a species-specific DNA probe for identifying goat (e.g., cashmere and mohair) fibers is described. A 54-base oligonucleotide probe hybridizes with single stranded target goat fiber DNA under conditions of low stringency. DNA isolated from as little as 100 mg of raw goat fiber can be clearly detected. Visualization of the DNA isolated from a 100% cashmere processed garment is also demonstrated.

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46

Wang, X., and Z. A. Khan. "Mohair Fibre Drafting in Ring Spinning Part I: Pinned Apron." Journal of the Textile Institute 91, no. 1 (January 2000): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000008659483.

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47

Khan, Z. A., and X. Wang. "Mohair Fibre Drafting in Ring Spinning Part II: Pinned Roller." Journal of the Textile Institute 91, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000008659484.

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48

Taddeo, H. R., L. Duga, D. Almeida, P. Willems, and R. Somlo. "Variation of mohair quality over the body in Angora goats." Small Ruminant Research 36, no. 3 (June 2000): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4488(99)00116-9.

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49

Pringle, Tony. "A history of the South African mohair industry 1838–1971." South African Journal of Economic History 4, no. 2 (September 1989): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.1989.10417162.

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50

Harradine, AR, and AL Jones. "Control of gorse regrowth by Angora goats in the Tasmanian Midlands." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850550.

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Angora wethers were evaluated for the control of gorse regrowth (Ulex europaeus) after burning. Unreplicated plots containing approximately 0.5 ha gorse and 0.5 ha perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) dominant pasture were stocked with A, 6 goats/ha; B, 10 goats/ha; C, 5 goats + 4 sheep (Polwarth wethers)/ha; or D, 5 sheep/ha in June 1981. After 2 years, percentage gorse control was estimated to be 82, 96, 92 and 56%, and percentage gorse ground cover was 36, 16, 13 and 47% for treatments A, B, C and D, respectively. Between spring 198 1 and spring 1982, when gorse was freely available for browsing, pasture consumption by goats averaged 15% (A) and 40% (B) of available pasture. Where goats were present, pastures contained a greater proportion of perennial ryegrass and less barley grass (Hordeurn sp.) and slender thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus) than where only sheep were grazing. Mean mohair production per goat from October 1982 to September 1983 was 3.2,2.3 and 2.4 kg for treatments A, B and C, respectively. Gross fleece values ($/ha) for the same period were $143 (A), $173 (B), $135 (C) and $92 (D).The preferential browsing of gorse and the acceptable mohair yields indicate that Angora goats could be used in a complementary grazing relationship with sheep for gorse control and product diversification in the Tasmanian Midlands.

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