Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modules d'élasticité'
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Blanc, Gaël. "Développement de nouveaux composites cimentaires à bas module d'élasticité : propriétés mécaniques et durabilité vis-à-vis des sollicitations environnementales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30038/document.
Full textThis CIFRE PhD-thesis carried out within the framework of Convention Industrielle de Formation par la REcherche (CIFRE) with the company MENARD, focuses on the durability of a specific soil-reinforcement system called Controlled Modulus Columns (CMC) which consists in a network of semi-rigid vertical inclusions cast into the ground in order to enhance its global characteristics before building. This study comes after the PhD work conducted by François Duplan (2011-2014) on the design of new cementitious composites intended for the CMC application and incorporating innovative aggregates like expanded clay grains or rubber aggregates obtained by grinding end-of-life tyres. The effects of addition of such aggregates into the composites have been studied both at fresh and hardened states and complete Duplan previous findings in particular with regards durability indicators (gas permeability, chloride diffusion) and mechanical long-term behaviour (creep and shrinkage). Three potential degradation mechanisms have been selected for the CMC system after an environmental analysis: acid attack, external sulphate attack and salt crystallisation. Laboratory accelerated tests highlighted that CEM III/C cement, actually used by MENARD, is suitable in most of the cases. The low C3A content of this binder reduces the production of expansive products in the case of external sulphate attack and its limited clinker hydrates proportions (in particular in portlandite), along with the low C/S ratio of the C-S-H enhance the resistance to acid attack. Salt crystallisation through capillary rise primarily depends on the porous network characteristics and less on the cement ones, meaning that CEM III/C cement is less relevant in that specific case. Based on the tested degradation mechanisms, incorporating rubber aggregates or expended clay ones into the cementitious composites does not significantly affect their durability. Most of the application degradation phenomenon being linked to the ingress of aggressive agents into the composites; the prediction of their diffusive properties is crucial to assess the risks involved for the application. A new predictive model is proposed with a dual homogenisation process: the first one at the cement paste level and the second one on the mortar level. Predicted results are in agreement with ones from experimental tests with a relative error less than 15%. Diffusion coefficient estimates are globally better for composites that contain expended clay aggregates than those incorporating rubber aggregates due to spherical shape of the first in accordance with the model hypotheses
Duplan, François. "Composites cimentaires à module d'élasticité contrôlé : conception, caractérisation et modélisation micromécanique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30031.
Full textThis PhD was realized thanks to a CIFRE partnership between the company Menard and the university of Toulouse. The purpose of this PhD was to develop and study new cement-based materials destined for the CMC (controlled modulus columns) technique. This technique belongs to a wider family of ground improvement processes called rigid (or semi-rigid) inclusions, which are soil-stiffening techniques. Those cement-based materials shall respect the company specifications regarding fresh and hardened state properties. The first goal was to design mixtures compositions which properties at fresh and hardened state respect the company specifications and are optimized for the application which they are destined for. A specific attention was given to the rigidity of the material, and its brittleness when it is reinforced by fibers. Mortars incorporating expanded clay aggregates, rubber aggregates and metallic fibers were developed. The second goal was to study the efficiency of regulatory building codes formulas with the developed mortars, since most of the developed mortars do not meet with the application scopes of the building codes. A few formulas turned out to be as efficient with the developed mortars as with regular structural concrete, while others turned out to be imprecise and unfavourable to security. The third goal was to predict the elastic properties of the linear elastic properties of the developed mortars thanks to a micromechanical model adapted to the specific needs of those specific materials. This model shall replace the empirical formulas advantageously for predicting the modulus of elasticity of the developed cement-based composites
Despres, Clément. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par ondes ultrasonores guidées sans contact et avec accès unilatéral." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0339.
Full textThis thesis project is motivated by a strong industrial demand for a non-destructive, contact-less process, with single-sided access to samples and relatively easy to implement, to quantify elastic moduli and thickness of materials, particularly of composites (fibrous materials, bonded assemblies). The work carried out led to the design and development of a pair of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, dedicated to the simultaneous generation and detection of guided waves along composite plates. The dependence of the wavenumber of guided modes on the elastic moduli of the material constituting all or part of the guide, as well as on its thickness, was first studied using a model that predicts the sensitivity of Lamb wave mode wavenumbers to the material's properties. This allowed for the identification of the target modes that carry the most information about the desired properties, i.e., stiffness and/or thickness, with the density being systematically assumed to be known in the chosen approach. This knowledge, combined with a series of numerical simulations mimicking the experimental process, served as a basis for designing the most suitable ultrasonic transducers for the generation and detection of the relevant modes. More specifically, the optimal shape, size, and angular aperture of the transducers were thus defined. The transducers were then manufactured and characterized (measuring their frequency bandwidth and angular spectrum). Their first use involved simultaneously generating and detecting five Lamb modes along a Plexiglas plate (isotropic with known properties). The measured ultrasonic signals were processed to extract the wavenumbers of the propagated modes within a frequency range of a few hundred kHz. These experimental data were then used to solve an inverse problem aimed at determining the elastic moduli and thickness of the plate. Several optimization algorithms were tested, and the most efficient one (fast and robust with respect to the initial values chosen) was selected. The stiffness moduli and thickness of the Plexiglas plate were successfully recovered. Next, the process was tested for two composite assemblies: a stratified plate made up of unidirectional carbon epoxy and an aluminum/adhesive/aluminum tri-layer assembly. In the first case, six elastic moduli were evaluated from measurements of three or four Lamb modes propagating along two directions. For the second assembly, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio as well as the thickness of the adhesive were estimated, assuming the characteristics of both aluminum substrates were known. All the optimized values have been validated by characterization made with existing, robust processes, but operating in immersion and requiring through-transmission
Robert, Benjamin. "Etude des propriétés viscoélastiques des tissus mous par Elastrographie IRM : une approche multi-échelle." Paris 7, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00556732.
Full textUltrasound and MRI elastography has developped rapidly these past days in order to estimate the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. This new diagnostic tool is particularly adapted to characterize pathologies such as breast carcinoma because of its higher elasticity than the surrounding tissue. In the first part of the manuscript, viscoelastic media are presented in order to describe their mechanical behaviors while an elastic wave is generated. Several rheological models are introduced and analyzed to find the more adapted description of the mechanical properties of soft tissues estimated out of MR-Elastography acquisitions. The second part presents the different techniques of ultrasound elastography and the basis of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in order to better understand the objectives of MR-Elastography. Two MR-Elastography sequences are theoretically and experimentally analyzed in order to optimize the quality of mechanical properties estimation. The third part enlightens the difficulties to adapt current MR-Elastography sequences to short T2* tissues such as the carotid or the heart. Thus, a new sequence is introduced: the DENSE-MRE sequence. This new MRI sequence is theoretically and experimentally compared to conventional MR-Elastography sequences. And this new sequence is is used in vivo to estimate elastograms of heart during the heart cycle
Mbessa, Michel. "Rôle des ultrafines dans les bétons industriels a hautes performances." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0057.
Full textThis research deals with the design and the characterization of a high performance concrete (HPC) from locally available resources. A characteristic compressive strength of 100 MPa is the main requirement. The design of concrete was mainly focused on two points: are the ultrafine materials necessary and which superplasticizer has to be used? The investigations done (laser grain size distribution, workability test, shrinkage test, Differential Thermal Analysis (DT A), water permeability) have allowed to show that the HPC properties depend primarily on the physicochernical properties of the ultra-fine particles. The compressive behaviour of high performance concrete was experirnentally assessed and then modeled. The Young modulus has been modeled considering the HPC as a two phases material (motar and coarse aggregate). The influence of fibers (steel or PVA) has been studied. The durability of such concrete was investigated in a very aggressive environment: a 20% ammonium sulfate solution. Not any sign of important degradation was observed after several cycles in the sulfate solution
Gambini, Camille. "La morphogénèse gastrovasculaire de la méduse Aurelia aurita." Paris 7, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720167.
Full textMorphogenesis of living Systems is controlled by a complex of processes in which also physics plays an essential role. In this PhD thesis, we have investigated mechanical self-organized processes involved in gastrovascular morphogenesis of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita. The gastrovascular System of this jellyfish is a branched network of canals, which role is to distribute nutrients and oxygen in its umbrella. The organization of this network is relatively simple. We have observed the growth of this canal network and studied the structure and mechanical properties of the surrounding tissues. Canals grow in a flat and thin cellular sheet, the endoderm, and are surrounded by the extracellular matrix. These different tissues are periodically compressed by muscular contractions. Macro- and microrheology experiments have shown that the extracellular matrix behaves as a soft viscoelastic gel, which structure and mechanical properties evolve during jellyfish development. These changes can be put in connection with physical constraints exerted in the extracellular matrix by muscular contractions. Besides, we have shown by optic and electronic microscopy that canals grow locally by accumulation, stacking and differentiation of endodermal cells into canal cells. Numerical simulations and experimental results suggest that this process is induced by compressive constraints, which are locally enhanced in the endoderm, at the tip of a growing canal, during each muscular contraction of the jellyfish
Morestin, Fabrice. "Contribution à l’étude du retour élastique lors de la mise en forme des produits plats." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0112.
Full textThe prediction of the sheet metal's springback after deep drawing is an important issue to solve for the control of manufacturing processes. Nowadays, the importance of this problem increases because of the use of steel sheeting with high yield stress and also aluminium alloys. A mechanical theory have been developed and is implemented in a software called PLIAGE in order to predict the final shape of the drawing. This software is used now by the French car manufacturer RENAULT. LIAGE is a semi analytical software and does not use the F. E. M. Formulation. So, the computation time is very short but it is not prejudicial to the quality of the results. The principle of calculations is the following one: first, the forming process is simulated geometrically in order to find the areas of the drawing which have experienced the same strain path. The steel sheet may be considered as being composed of fibres in accordance with its thic kness. Stresses at the end of deep drawing and the residual stresses are computed for each identical strain history area by solving the Prandtl and Reuss plasticity equations associated with a non linear kinematic hardening model proposed by Lemaître and Chaboche. The calculations take into account the evolution of the Young's modulus versus plastic strain because of the importance of this parameter for springback computation. After the final stress state is entirely computed, the residual radius of the identical history strain area is calculated to determine springback. The complete shape, after springback, is rebuilt with the residual radius of each area. This theory implemented in the software PLIAGE was proved and validated by industrial and laboratory experiments. PLIAGE is interfaced with the CAD software EUCLID IS and is used by the Metal Forming Process Departrnent of RENAULT
Bouillard, Killian. "Quantification du module d'élasticité musculaire au cours de contractions isométriques : une première étape vers l'estimation de la force musculaire." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3007.
Full textEl, Hilali Abdellah. "Etude expérimentale de la rhéologie et du comportement des bétons autoplaçants (BAP) : influence des fines calcaires et des fibres végétales." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2009CERG0458.pdf.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis develops a simple method for the formulation of self-compacting reference concrete containing limestone fillers and no added viscosity agent. The approach is dual: both experimental and theoretical (granular optimization) were conducted. The water and superplasticizer were determined through mini cone and Marsh cone tests conducted on the SCC paste. Effects of limestone filler fineness on rheological and mechanical properties of the SCC have been noteworthy. Three calcareous fillers have been introduced into the SCC paste, respectively noted "MFS", "LFE" and "MFO". The fillers had different Blaine Specific areas ‘SB’. The results demonstrated that increasing the calcareous fillers’ fineness amplified the demand for superplasticizer as well as increased its compactness and fluidity. Furthermore, it has been shown that the fillers with high ‘SB’ improved SCC durability relative to gas (CO2) and liquid diffusion; the concrete compressive strength was improved mainly at early curing ages. Also, the relationship between the elastic modulus and the SCC compressive strengths was independent of the fineness of the fillers and was very close to that recommended by ACI318-89. Is vegetable-fiber reinforced SCC mechanical strength as resistant as unreinforced SCC ? The main objective of this research was to answer this question. An experimental program was designed to study the influence of the introduction of short vegetable fibers issued from paper pulp recycling on the SCC’s properties. Four types of vegetable fibers have been studied, noted FBA, FBB, FBC and FBD. They differ in their geometric characteristics and their cellulose concentrations. The introduction of the short vegetal fibers in the formulated reference SCC with constant binder dosages led to a significant increase in the paste’s demand for water and superplasticizer, a decrease in concrete density, and an augmentation in permeability which reduced its mechanical strength and durability
Ferland, François. "Détermination de la résistance en compression uniaxiale et du module d'élasticité d'un matériau poreux à l'aide d'un essai de poinçonnement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ42905.pdf.
Full textAzzopardi, Alban. "Evolution microstructurale à haute température de barrières thermiques déposées par évaporation : influence sur la conductivité thermique et le module d'élasticité." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066010.
Full textDiatta, Yaya. "Corrélations entre le module d'élasticité le module de rupture, le coefficient de Poisson et la résistance en compression simple des bétons à très haute résistance (60 - 120 MPa)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11964.
Full textGérard, Jean. "Contraintes de croissance, variations internes de densité et de module d'élasticité longitudinal, et déformations de sciage chez les eucalyptus de plantation." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR16002.
Full textGérard, Jean. "Contraintes de croissance, variations internes de densité et de module d'élasticité longitudinal, et déformations de sciage chez les eucalyptus de plantation." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10673.
Full textDieng, Mountakha. "Evaluation des contraintes thermomécaniques dans un packaging plastique pour l'environnement spatial." Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO4002.
Full textOrganics materials such as PCB and glob top are increasingly used in space equipment to reduce the cost and weight by replacing the micro and macros packaging with non-hermetic packaging. The work developed in this report deals with the thermo-mechanical stresses of packaging plastics in a space environment. In this context we interested on th study of materials, satellite environment and its associated stress. The multi-physics numerical tool, ANSYS allows predict the behavior of plastic packaging and identify new design rules. We worked on various structures, studied the stress more complex structures such as an LNA module with bonding wire of encapsulated in resin, and CSP packaging components. Finally, we set up a thermo-mechanical bench measurement which is able to measure the deflection of assembled materials using a camera and control software. These measurements allow the cross-validation with the simulation results
Laheurte, Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement pseudo-élastique d'un alliage bêta métastablePplications aux arcs orthodontiques." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2003/Laheurte.Pascal.SMZ0327.pdf.
Full textTitanium alloys are generally used in aeronautics for their excellent specific strength. In biomedical engineering titanium alloys are appreciated for showing usually biocompatibility and often a weak modulus of elasticity. In orthodontics, moreover, one seeks for aptitude of shape recovering which is very marked in NiTi. However, these last alloys have a reduced ductility that limits the aptitude for working and requires the use of preformed arc. Metastable titanium Beta III, currently marketed in a strongly hardened state is an acceptable compromise between ductility, apparent elasticity modulus and aptitude of shape recovering. This explains its success since its marketing in the Eighties. In addition, it does not contain nickel and it is weldable. It owes its properties to its pseudoelasticity, which is seldom exploited apart from orthodontics. This pseudoelasticity is the result of a work hardening induced by the working process, here wiredrawing. In this work we studied the role of the microstructure on the pseudoelastic effect and sought the means of acting on this microstructure to improve the pseudoelastic effect. The elaboration of these alloys, in addition to the problems involved in titanium, is made difficult by the high melting point of molybdenum. This is why we chose to start from products in the form of wire - available on the market - and to ignore the composition parameter in our study. Thus the only remaining optimisation parameters are the phases involved, the size of grain and the work hardening of the alloy. The study showed that the increase in the grain size and the predeformation significantly improve the pseudoelastic effect, whereas the presence of a second phase reduces or even cancels this effect. Moreover the alloy maintains a good ductility which makes it well suited to working
Hager, Izabela. "Comportement à haute température des bétons à haute performance : évolution des principales propriétés mécaniques." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENPC0029.
Full textVinh, Tho-Son. "Contribution a l'etude de l'anatomie fonctionnelle des ligaments du poignet." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S026.
Full textGuillonneau, Gaylord. "Nouvelles techniques de nano-indentation pour des conditions expérimentales difficiles : très faibles enfoncements, surfaces rugueuses, température." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800426.
Full textMege, Fabrice. "AFM à contact résonant : développement et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618676.
Full textNguyen, Thu-Mai. "Elastographie haute-résolution pour l'évaluation des propriétés élastiques de la cornée et de la peau." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00782905.
Full textGrondin, Jérémy. "Apport de la nanoindentation et de la microscopie à force atomique pour la compréhension des propriétés élastiques d’un polymère semi-cristallin aux différentes échelles microstructurales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0023.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between the elastic modulus of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and its microstructure at different scales. An original multi-scale experimental approach is developed, combining indentation tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the elastic modulus and three-dimensional morphology of spherulites. The work is structured around four axes: (i) characterization of spherulitic morphology by AFM, (ii) indentation tests at various scales using different techniques (AFM in mechanical mode, nanoindentation, and macro-indentation), (iii) characterization of elastic modulus within spherulites through modulus mappings obtained by nanoindentation and AFM in mechanical mode, and (iv) evaluation of a mechanical representative elementary volume (REV) from spherical indentation tests. An original protocol was used to produce bulk iPP samples with a flat, slightly rough surface and without chemical etching, thus preserving the three-dimensional surface microstructure. The results reveal new insights into the microstructure of spherulites and the lamellar nanostructure of the α-phase. In addition to the classic observations (sheaf or rosette shapes), an intermediate scale is identified: the micrometer-sized radial branches of spherulites, made up of orthoradially oriented crystalline lamellae. These lamellae adopt a “lath-like” organization in the branches and “cross-hatching” in the closure zones. The average long period (Lp) is measured locally and is consistent with the literature (SAXS).Nanoindentation mapping showed a decreasing modulus gradient from the center to the edges of the spherulites. Branches located on the main growth axes show the highest moduli, while lateral areas show lower values. This variation is attributed to the density, organization or orientation of the lamellae. At lamellar scale, AFM in mechanical mode mappings show significant heterogeneity. Some branches display high moduli, probably linked to the subsurface microstructure. A transition is observed, with lower values in the center and higher at the periphery, marking a change in modulus with radial growth. However, no direct correlation was established with geometric parameters such as the long period Lp or the lamella emergence angle, suggesting that these microstructural parameters alone are not sufficient to capture the complexity of the microstructure. A multi-scale spherical indentation study explored the effects of scale transition on the elastic modulus of iPP. The results reveal that the moduli measured by AFM are significantly higher than those obtained by nano-indentation and macro-indentation, the latter presenting fairly similar values. Several hypotheses were proposed and discussed to explain this difference, including the volume probed, the strain rate and the analysis framework. The scale transition to a mechanical REV is not precisely determined, but the results suggest that it lies at the intra-spherulitic scale, when several branches are probed. This assessment could vary with other microstructures. Finally, the scale transition study between indentation techniques showed that varying tip size offers limited gain in probed volume, revealing the limitations of current equipment to fully explore these scale transitions
Kavaguchi, De Grandis Audrey. "La chèvre dans l'étude de la structure et des propriétés biomécaniques des tendons." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976099.
Full textQiAO, Jianghao. "Modélisation des propriétés thermomécaniques effectives de dépôts élaborés par projection thermique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BELF0186/document.
Full textIn the present study, the thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of thermal spray YPSZcoatings were predicted by 2D and 3D finite differences and finite elements numericalmodeling based on cross-sectional images.The influence of the image resolution, size and threshold on the predicted properties of thecoating was studied. Moreover, the effects of the numerical method and of the boundarycondition were investigated. In particular, the quantification of the Knudsen effect(rarefaction effect) on the heat transfer through a porous structure was realized by numericalmodeling in combination with image analysis. The predicted thermal conductivities obtainedby 3D modeling were found to be higher than those obtained by 2D modeling, and in betteragreement with the measured results. A 2D/3D correlation was sucessfully found for themodeling of thermal conductivity: this correlation allows predicting 3D computed valuesfrom 2D ones
Le, Ngoc Hung. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique d'un matériau hétérophasé rematérialisé issu d'un mâchefer d'incinération d'ordures ménagères : valorisation en Génie Civil." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0213.
Full textBottom ash is the solid residua coming from domestic waste combustion in the furnace of incineration factory. The utilization of bottom ash in the field of Civil Engineering is necessary because the municipal wastes are increasing causes many environmental problems while the materials of Civil Engineering dwindle. The bottom ash was used for a decade in the field of civil engineering; however the mechanical characteristics of material “bottom ash” are not very well known. This work of thesis contributes to improving knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of bottom ash. After the determination of the geotechnical characteristics (parameters of nature, mechanical parameters, parameters of state), chemical and environmental characteristics, the potential of use of these bottom ash is evaluated according to the « Circulaire de 9 Mai, 1994 » and according to the technical guide SETRA-LCPC 2000 « Réalisation des remblais et des couches de forme ».In the experimental part, the oedometric and triaxial tests are carried out. For oedometric tests, the effect of compaction energy and immersion of specimens as well as the effect of the loading rate of the test were evaluated. The effect of loading rate is also evaluated by some sets of triaxial tests. From the triaxial tests, the mechanical parameters such as the Young’s modulus, the Poisson‘s ratio, the characteristic angle, the dilatancy angle, the cohesion and the friction angle were determined. These mechanical properties are specific to the material and can be integrated in a diagram of dimensioning specific to the structures of roadways based on bottom ash. The studied principal parameters allow us to evaluate the influence of the effective confining pressure. The evolution of the deformation modulus versus to the axial deformation and finally, the variation of the deviator stress versus to the mean effective pressure were also analyzed. A set of points of the yielding state was determined from triaxial tests and it specifies significantly the shape of yielding surface of our bottom ash.Finally, the triaxial tests were simulated numerically. This part is a contribution to the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of bottom ash. The model of Mohr-Coulomb and Nova were chosen to characterize the evolution of the material “bottom ash” under the influence of external mechanical actions. These are typical examples of model soil completely identifiable only through traditional triaxial tests. The simulation of triaxial tests is carried out using the CESAR-LCPC software. The results are found to be promising
Seguineau, Cédric. "Caractérisation micromécanique de matériaux en couche mince destinés aux micro- et nano- technologies." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0121.
Full textThe development of micro- and nano- technologies is strongly correlated with the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of constitutive thin coatings. Experimental characterization is mandatory insofar as mechanical properties, at such a scale, are dependent of micro structural features and its history. Moreover, there are numerous implementations of thin coatings. This the sis reports a transversal approach, based on nanoindentation setup, in order to address the characterization of coatings deposited on substrate, and on uni axial tensile tests for freestanding specimens with a thickness less than the micrometer. Particularly, it lies on an itinerant microtensile apparatus, improved and evaluated during this work through campaigns performed on sputtering aluminium with thicknesses down to 700nm and 4/lm thick electroplated gold
Seguineau, Cédric. "Caractérisation micromécanique de matériaux en couche mince destinés aux micro- et nano- technologies." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508255.
Full textCuerrier, Charles M. "Modulation des propriétés mécaniques de cellules stimulées par l'angiotensine II, la thrombine et la bradykinine implications vasculaires." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4308.
Full textNguyen, Trung-Hieu. "Durabilité des réparations à base cimentaire : analyse comparée de l'influence des propriétés mécaniques du matériau de réparation." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/963/.
Full textSubstrate-overlay composites should work monolithically. For this reason, the durability of a cement-based repair relies also on the durability of its bond with the substrate. To improve the durability of repair, it is necessary to prevent the original cause of debonding: cracks through the depth of the overlay. For this the use of a cement composite having an improved strain capacity should be considered as a suitable solution. The aim of this work is to validate this hypothesis. As repair materials, cement-based mortars incorporating low aggregate stiffness and with fibre reinforcement were used. Rubber aggregates obtained from grinding end of life tyres were used thus contributing to the recovery of an industrial byproduct. Stainless and high bond steel fibres were also used. They are effective to restrain the cracking and can be used in aggressive environment. A good synergy between rubber aggregates and fibres reinforcement is demonstrated: rubber aggregates improve the strain capacity of the composite before the macro-cracking localisation and residual post-peak strength due to the fibre reinforcement is not affected. Monotoneous and fatigue bending tests were carried out on specimens repaired by using these mortars. These tests allow the structural response, in particular the interface debonding, to be analysed (the load corresponding to the debonding initiation and debonding propagation). In parallel, a numerical modelling based on finite element method was conducted to simulate the mechanical response of the tested specimens. Comparison between experimental and numerical results shows the relevance of the numerical modeling which is suitable tool that highlights the effect of the restrained length change of the repair material at the interface on the debonding mechanisms. As ultimate findings, this study shows that a positive synergetic effect from rubber aggregate and fibre reinforcement contributes to enhance the durability of bonded cement-based overlays
Qiao, Jianghao. "Modélisation des propriétés thermomécaniques effectives de dépôts élaborés par projection thermique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879252.
Full textArnal, Bastien. "Elastographie pour le suivi des thérapies par ultrasons focalisés et nouveau concept de cavité à retournement temporel pour l'histotripsie." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00786523.
Full textLE, Ngoc Hung. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique d'un matériau hétérophasé rematérialisé issu d'un mâchefer d'incinération d'ordures ménagères : valorisation en Génie Civil." Thesis, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0213/document.
Full textBottom ash is the solid residua coming from domestic waste combustion in the furnace of incineration factory. The utilization of bottom ash in the field of Civil Engineering is necessary because the municipal wastes are increasing causes many environmental problems while the materials of Civil Engineering dwindle. The bottom ash was used for a decade in the field of civil engineering; however the mechanical characteristics of material “bottom ash” are not very well known. This work of thesis contributes to improving knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of bottom ash. After the determination of the geotechnical characteristics (parameters of nature, mechanical parameters, parameters of state), chemical and environmental characteristics, the potential of use of these bottom ash is evaluated according to the « Circulaire de 9 Mai, 1994 » and according to the technical guide SETRA-LCPC 2000 « Réalisation des remblais et des couches de forme ».In the experimental part, the oedometric and triaxial tests are carried out. For oedometric tests, the effect of compaction energy and immersion of specimens as well as the effect of the loading rate of the test were evaluated. The effect of loading rate is also evaluated by some sets of triaxial tests. From the triaxial tests, the mechanical parameters such as the Young’s modulus, the Poisson‘s ratio, the characteristic angle, the dilatancy angle, the cohesion and the friction angle were determined. These mechanical properties are specific to the material and can be integrated in a diagram of dimensioning specific to the structures of roadways based on bottom ash. The studied principal parameters allow us to evaluate the influence of the effective confining pressure. The evolution of the deformation modulus versus to the axial deformation and finally, the variation of the deviator stress versus to the mean effective pressure were also analyzed. A set of points of the yielding state was determined from triaxial tests and it specifies significantly the shape of yielding surface of our bottom ash.Finally, the triaxial tests were simulated numerically. This part is a contribution to the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of bottom ash. The model of Mohr-Coulomb and Nova were chosen to characterize the evolution of the material “bottom ash” under the influence of external mechanical actions. These are typical examples of model soil completely identifiable only through traditional triaxial tests. The simulation of triaxial tests is carried out using the CESAR-LCPC software. The results are found to be promising