To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Module price.
Journal articles on the topic 'Module price'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Module price.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, Naoyuki Yoshino, and Yugo Inagaki. "Empirical analysis of factors influencing the price of solar modules." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2018-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose One of the key drivers behind the recent growth in the global solar energy market is the decline in solar module prices. Many empirical analyses have been carried out to identify the mechanism behind this price reduction. However, studies on the price reduction mechanism of solar modules over the years have focused purely on the technological aspect of manufacturing. The purpose of this study is to consider the influence of economic and monetary factors such as the interest rate and exchange rate on solar module pricing in addition to other factors that considered in earlier studies including technology, wage rate and other energy prices. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an oligopolistic model and econometric method are used to determine the economic factors that have an influence on solar module prices. The paper constructs a solar module pricing model and conducts a fully modified ordinary least squares analysis to estimate the influence of each factor. Analysis is conducted for the top five solar module producing countries in the world from 1997 to 2015. The five countries are the People’s Republic of China, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the USA. Findings Empirical analysis provides several findings concerning the solar module pricing mechanism. These vary for each country. However, generally the interest rate has a positive correlation with solar module prices, while the exchange rate, knowledge stock and oil price have a negative correlation with solar module prices. Practical implications First, the government must expand channels for renewable energy funding. As renewable industries are high-tech, the influence that capital cost has on technology price is significant. Government efforts to provide industries with low-interest finance will accelerate renewable business. There have been many attempts to lower interest rates for renewable energy technology to accelerate growth in the green technology market. Second, the government must expand research and development (R&D) expenditures focused on renewable energy technology. The technological advancements acquired through R&D enhance module performance efficiency, thereby reducing costs. Therefore, government policies aimed at increasing targeted R&D expenditure will be an effective means of expanding the installation of renewable energies. Originality/value Studies on the price reduction mechanism of solar modules over the years have focused purely on the technological aspect of the manufacturing. This is the first research to bring economic, monetary and technological factors of solar module pricing together.
2
Hafeez, Ghulam, Noor Islam, Ammar Ali, Salman Ahmad, and Muhammad Usman and Khurram Saleem Alimgeer. "A Modular Framework for Optimal Load Scheduling under Price-Based Demand Response Scheme in Smart Grid." Processes 7, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080499.
Full textAbstract:
With the emergence of the smart grid (SG), real-time interaction is favorable for both residents and power companies in optimal load scheduling to alleviate electricity cost and peaks in demand. In this paper, a modular framework is introduced for efficient load scheduling. The proposed framework is comprised of four modules: power company module, forecaster module, home energy management controller (HEMC) module, and resident module. The forecaster module receives a demand response (DR), information (real-time pricing scheme (RTPS) and critical peak pricing scheme (CPPS)), and load from the power company module to forecast pricing signals and load. The HEMC module is based on our proposed hybrid gray wolf-modified enhanced differential evolutionary (HGWmEDE) algorithm using the output of the forecaster module to schedule the household load. Each appliance of the resident module receives the schedule from the HEMC module. In a smart home, all the appliances operate according to the schedule to reduce electricity cost and peaks in demand with the affordable waiting time. The simulation results validated that the proposed framework handled the uncertainties in load and supply and provided optimal load scheduling, which facilitates both residents and power companies.
3
Meng, Zixuan, Lin Hao, and Yong Tan. "Freemium Pricing in Digital Games with Virtual Currency." Information Systems Research 32, no. 2 (June 2021): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0976.
Full textAbstract:
Providers of free-to-play games often gain revenue by monetizing players’ playtime, for example, through in-game advertising and by selling premium modules of the game. One emerging strategy to sell the premium module, known as the virtual selling strategy, is to set the module price based on an amount of virtual currency that players can either spend on playtime to earn or use real currency to buy. In this paper, we examine how the virtual selling strategy leads to different market outcomes than the traditional real selling strategy where players can purchase the premium module using real currency only. We focus on the differences caused by one specific feature—players can pay for the module indirectly using their playtime in the virtual selling strategy. We show that when the provider’s efficiency of monetizing players’ playtime, that is, the time revenue rate, is above a threshold, the virtual selling strategy will benefit the provider and hurt the overall consumer surplus compared with the real selling strategy, even though players in the virtual selling strategy have one additional way, that is, using their playtime, to pay for the module. We identify an undocumented overcompensation effect that causes the profit augmentation and the surplus reduction. The overcompensation effect also results in a U-shaped relationship between the equilibrium module price and the time revenue rate in the virtual selling strategy when the module only provides a small number of new gaming stages. It contradicts the traditional result from the real selling strategy that the provider shall reduce the module price when she becomes more efficient in monetizing players’ playtime.
4
Fu, Xian Cheng, Lei Zhou, and Guo Jun Wen. "Ultrasonic Ranging System Based on Single Chip Microprocessor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.360.
Full textAbstract:
Ultrasonic ranging (UR) technology has being used widely in many industries around the world. This paper aims to design and manufacture an ultrasonic distance measuring system with lower price and higher accuracy. Based on the deep study of principle of ultrasonic ranging, we designed the general plan and detailed electrical circuits for the ultrasonic distance measuring system based on single chip microprocessor of AT89S52, including the transmitter module of ultrasonic wave, receiving module of ultrasonic wave, display module etc. Then, we compiled the relative driven programs for all modules. After that, we debugged the combined system of hardware and software system. At last, the experimental results show that the cost is about 300RMB for 3 prototypes, measuring rang is 0.16~1.5m with the accuracy of 0.001mm, which means the ranging system meets the design requirements of lower price and higher accuracy.
5
Satish, Kuppani, and A. Rama Mohan Reddy. "Resource Allocation in Grid Computing Environment Using Genetic–Auction Based Algorithm." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2018010101.
Full textAbstract:
The main core functionality of Grid Computing is resource allocation and scheduling. With the idea of genetic algorithms and microeconomics, it is proposed a Resource allocation method called a genetic-auction based algorithm [GAAB]. This algorithm contains two modules, auction module and genetic approach. Auction module find outs resource-trading price between resource provider and resource buyer, and the resource allocation carried out by Genetic algorithm by considering both time and cost constraints simultaneously. In this article, evaluations are made in the simulation environment and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
6
Tran, Duc Trong. "Assigning of land location and land price to land parcel using ArcGIS engine." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(1).04.
Full textAbstract:
Assigning a state price to each land parcel is a frequent and yet important task in the state management of land parcels. Land price is issued for each street. For each street, land price is divided according to level of location 1, 2, 3 and 4. Parcel is assigned to which location level depending on its walking distance to nearest street, and passed minimum alley’s width, etc. The task of valuing land parcels is cumbersome because the number of land parcels to be priced is huge. To alleviate this burden for government staff, a step by step processing model is developed to automatically determine the location level of a particular parcel. Using ArcGIS Engine library and VB.NET programming language, the steps in the proposed model are built into functions in a specialized module for land valuation. Experiment in assigning location level and land prices of Tam Hiep ward, Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province shows that 91,73% of parcels are assigned the same location level as the location on the issued land location map. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed model in automatically determining location levels and corresponding prices of land parcels.
7
Park, Jeong Eun, Won Seok Choi, and Donggun Lim. "Cell/Module Integration Technology with Wire-Embedded EVA Sheet." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 2, 2021): 4170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094170.
Full textAbstract:
Silicon wafers are crucial for determining the price of solar cell modules. To reduce the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic devices, the thicknesses of wafers are reduced. However, the conventional module manufacturing method using the tabbing process has a disadvantage in that the cell is damaged because of the high temperature and pressure of the soldering process, which is complicated, thus increasing the process cost. Consequently, when the wafer is thinned, the breakage rate increases during the module process, resulting in a lower yield; further, the module performance decreases owing to cracks and thermal stress. To solve this problem, a module manufacturing method is proposed in which cells and wires are bonded through the lamination process. This method minimizes the thermal damage and mechanical stress applied to solar cells during the tabbing process, thereby manufacturing high-power modules. When adopting this method, the front electrode should be customized because it requires busbarless solar cells different from the existing busbar solar cells. Accordingly, the front electrode was designed using various simulation programs such as Griddler 2.5 and MathCAD, and the effect of the diameter and number of wires in contact with the front finger line of the solar cell on the module characteristics was analyzed. Consequently, the efficiency of the module manufactured with 12 wires and a wire diameter of 0.36 mm exhibited the highest efficiency at 20.28%. This is because even if the optical loss increases with the diameter of the wire, the series resistance considerably decreases rather than the loss of the short-circuit current, thereby improving the fill factor. The characteristics of the wire-embedded ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) sheet module were confirmed to be better than those of the five busbar tabbing modules manufactured by the tabbing process; further, a high-power module that sufficiently compensated for the disadvantages of the tabbing module was manufactured.
8
Zhu, Chun Dong, Wei Tian, Xuan Zhang, and Wei Fan Yin. "Parametric Design of Friction Plate Based on VB and Pro/E." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.277.
Full textAbstract:
This paper introduces the secondary development of Pro/E with VB , established the parametric design software of friction plate which including part design module and quotation module. In parts design module user can input parts parameters for automatically model regeneration in Pro/E. Quotation module solved the common problems such as long time-consuming and inaccurate calculation, provided a more convenient, fast and practical tool for quoted price.
9
Kopecek, Radovan, and Joris Libal. "Bifacial Photovoltaics 2021: Status, Opportunities and Challenges." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082076.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we summarize the status of bifacial photovoltaics (PV) and explain why the move to bifaciality is unavoidable when it comes to e.g., lowest electricity generation costs or agricultural PV (AgriPV). Bifacial modules—those that are sensitive to light incident from both sides—are finally available at the same price per watt peak as their standard monofacial equivalents. The reason for this is that bifacial solar cells are the result of an evolution of crystalline Si PV cell technology and, at the same time, module producers are increasingly switching to double glass modules anyway due to the improved module lifetimes, which allows them to offer longer product warrantees. We describe the general properties of the state-of-the-art bifacial module, review the different bifacial solar cells and module technologies available on the market, and summarize their average costs. Adding complexity to a module comes with the increase of possible degradation mechanisms, requiring more thorough testing, e.g., for rear side PID (Potential Induced Degradation). We show that with the use of bifacial modules in fixed tilt systems, gains in annual energy yield of up to 30% can be expected compared to the monofacial equivalent. With the combination of bifacial modules in simple single axis tracking systems, energy yield increases of more than 40% can be expected compared to fixed tilt monofacial installations. Rudimentary simulations of bifacial systems can be performed with commercially available programs. However, when more detailed and precise simulations are required, it is necessary to use more advanced programs such as those developed at several institutes. All in all, as bifacial PV—being the most cost-effective PV solution—is now becoming also bankable, it is becoming the overall best technology for electricity generation.
10
Zhang, Zuo, Xinhai Lu, Min Zhou, Yan Song, Xiang Luo, and Bing Kuang. "Complex Spatial Morphology of Urban Housing Price Based on Digital Elevation Model: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020348.
Full textAbstract:
In a city, housing price varies with location. Thus, housing price plays an important role in detecting the spatial pattern of the city. Spatial interpolation methods have been widely used for simulating and predicting urban housing prices. In this paper, the Ordinary Kriging interpolation method is used for producing the digital elevation model (DEM) of urban housing prices. Based on the three-dimensional DEM of urban housing price, this paper develops a novel approach for geo–visual analytics of urban housing prices. To investigate and visualize the spatial morphology of housing price, we design the Water-flooding, Section-cutting and Belt-floating methods, and implement these methods with the 3D-analyst module in GIS environment. Then, we take Wuhan City as a case, apply this approach to analyze the complex spatial morphologic characteristics of the DEM for housing price and visualize the results from the multidimensional perspectives. The results show that the Water-flooding method effectively supports the investigation of the top areas of surface changes; Section-cutting method performs well in examining the profile or cross-section of the urban housing surface; and Belt-floating method is helpful for detecting the spatial variance of the urban housing surface through the routes of specific lines. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach works better than traditional methods in describing the complex spatial morphology of urban housing prices, and has an advantage in visualizing the analysis results.
11
Sun, Qing Juan, and Jian Zheng Zhou. "Research on the Application of VR in the Model of Grading and Evaluating of Farmland Based on GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.849.
Full textAbstract:
Virtual Reality (VR) is to immerse interactivity and imagination as the essential features of the advanced computer interface. The grading and evaluation work of agricultural land involves a large number of processing, statistics, analysis and calculation of spatial and attribute data, and it is a good idea to adopt the most advanced computer technologyGIS technology and database technology to eatablish the model of the farmland scientific and reasonable grading and evaluating . The model includes the module for land requisitionthe module for land requisitionthe module for land classification and modulefor the benchmark land price evaluation module.
12
Chen, Bo, Ze Hu, Liang Ge, and Jun Lan Li. "Design of Wireless Fire Detection and Alarm System Based on ZigBee Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3662.
Full textAbstract:
In order to transmit temperature and smoke signals timely and accurately in the fire alarm system of community, design one kind of wireless fire detection and alarm system, which is based on the wireless communication technology, ZigBee. When acquisition module receive the signals which come from the wireless data acquisition module which connected the room with temperature detection module, and then, send to the nearest backbone transceiver module, the defined center module receive the signals, at last, the signals are local-stored or transferred to fire center by GPRS. This design with the characters of low price, high efficiency and reliable, has a certain market.
13
Wang, Shuai Feng, Liang Hou, Hao Lun Wang, and Wen Guang Lin. "Analysis Method for Commonality of Module and Part in Modular Product Family." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1425.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis method for commonality of module & part in modular product family was put forward. The part and module commonality in module layer and component part layer of product family were identified, respectively. The formulations of the two commonalities take into account amount of component part or module, variety, volume, price/cost of the part or module, size, geometry, material, manufacturing process, assembly. According to the source of parts, the mathematical formulas of self-made parts and purchased parts were set up respectively in the component part layer. Finally, an example of drive axle of wheel loader was given to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
14
Kozinsky, Inna, Brion Bob, and Rebecca Jones-Albertus. "Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Thin-Film Photovoltaics." MRS Advances 1, no. 41 (2016): 2827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.436.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s SunShot Initiative is a collaborative national effort to reduce the price of solar energy to 6¢/kWh without subsidy for utility scale installations by 2020. Thin-film photovoltaics offer a promising path to reach this goal. Analysis of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from photovoltaics (PV) highlights the dependence on the module and system efficiency and lifetime in addition to module price. Here we summarize challenges and opportunities for CdTe and CIGS PV research and show that a substantial effort is still needed in areas such as device design and material improvement to reach higher efficiency and reliability connected with low-cost and robust module-scale implementation. We also discuss how SunShot Initiative funding is addressing key research areas in CdTe and CIGS PV and show how recent progress in SunShot projects is guiding funding priorities in thin-film PV research.
15
Cui, Jian Tao. "Design and Implementation of Computer Network Monitoring Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.201.
Full textAbstract:
This paper mainly studies the key technologies of network real-time monitoring system based on Client/Server, and implementation of a real-time monitoring system based on CS/ mode. Using the network communication technology, Winsock technology, TCP/IP protocol, image compression and transmission technology, the process of communication technology and object oriented software technology to realize the main frame module, the system include network monitoring data initialization module, data transmission module, image coding and decoding module, its advantage is to make full use of the existing network resources, the highest price, with real-time information control and real-time control as the center, timely delivery and management of information.
16
Yang, Shu, Jinglin Li, Quan Yuan, Zhihan Liu, and Fangchun Yang. "Message Relaying and Collaboration Motivating for Mobile Crowdsensing Service: An Edge-Assisted Approach." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (July 29, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1287969.
Full textAbstract:
Group sensing is a kind of crowdsensing service where HD map producers motivate private cars in a local region to collect data from real world. Group sensing needs vehicles to communicate physically and drivers to collaborate strategically in a mobile or edge-assisted environment. First, we consider collaboration module that motivates drivers to be participants; centralized and distributed motivating methods are discussed. Secondly, we consider communication module; two VANET-based methods are proposed to achieve message relaying in edge infrastructure. To accomplish participants’ selection, three combinations of two modules are proposed and simulated based on a flexible framework. The results show that centralized selection could motivate collaboration at a low price but brings heavy communication overhead. Clustered selection requires more incentives and less communication overhead than centralized selection. Distributed selection is usually the first class choice because of its fine performances on both communicating and motivating.
17
Chen, Li Gang, Xue Feng Yang, and Bo Qu. "Design of Intelligent Locomotive Based on STC12C5A60S2." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.617.
Full textAbstract:
To solve the intelligent locomotive can be turn around precisely on the preset orbit by others, It has the ability to identify the environment accurately, such as surrounding temperature, solid distance and color, the humidity of the environment and so on.Combined with the price, A method is proposed by using STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller as the core control of the intelligent vehicle.We use the infrared tube module tracking black track, it can turn 90 degrees or 360 degrees precisely when it track to a positioning point. To accurately detect point target by adopting the temperature detection module, ultrasonic distance measuring module, a color recognition module, humidity detection module, it can be real time display data by LCD module 12864,it can be reach the end of accurate parking .The experimental results show that it completely meets the requirements, This method is simple, accurate and efficient.
18
Guo, Miao Yun, Tian Ding Chen, and Chang Hong Yu. "A Novel Embedded System for Wireless Ordering Based on RFID." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.251.
Full textAbstract:
As the development of the electric technology, more and more embedded system are applied in all walks of life. This paper describes an embedded system for wireless ordering, which can be used in many fields, besides restaurants. The system is consisted of LCD display module, wireless communication net module which includes sending and decoding. This design has advantages of both low price and high performance.
19
Vedsted, P. "Does a computerized price comparison module reduce prescribing costs in general practice?" Family Practice 14, no. 3 (June 1, 1997): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/14.3.199.
Full text
20
Chen, Yu, Ruixin Fang, Ting Liang, Zongyu Sha, Shicheng Li, Yugen Yi, Wei Zhou, and Huilin Song. "Stock Price Forecast Based on CNN-BiLSTM-ECA Model." Scientific Programming 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2446543.
Full textAbstract:
Financial data as a kind of multimedia data contains rich information, which has been widely used for data analysis task. However, how to predict the stock price is still a hot research problem for investors and researchers in financial field. Forecasting stock prices becomes an extremely challenging task due to high noise, nonlinearity, and volatility of the stock price time series data. In order to provide better prediction results of stock price, a new stock price prediction model named as CNN-BiLSTM-ECA is proposed, which combines Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory (BiLSTM) network, and Attention Mechanism (AM). More specifically, CNN is utilized to extract the deep features of stock data for reducing the influence of high noise and nonlinearity. Then, BiLSTM network is employed to predict the stock price based on the extracted deep features. Meanwhile, a novel Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) module is introduced into the network model to further improve the sensitivity of the network to the important features and key information. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on the three stock datasets such as Shanghai Composite Index, China Unicom, and CSI 300. Compared with the existing methods, the experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed CNN-BILSTM-ECA network model, which can provide an important reference for investors to make decisions.
21
Powell, Douglas M., Ran Fu, Kelsey Horowitz, Paul A. Basore, Michael Woodhouse, and Tonio Buonassisi. "The capital intensity of photovoltaics manufacturing: barrier to scale and opportunity for innovation." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 12 (2015): 3395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee01509j.
Full textAbstract:
Using a bottom-up cost model, we assess the impact of initial factory capital expenditure (capex) on photovoltaic (PV) module minimum sustainable price (MSP) and industry-wide trends, including sustainable growth rate and barriers to innovation.
22
Ariyanto, Rudy, Cahya Rahmad, Ahmadi Yuli Ananta, and Dika Rizky Yunianto. "Pengembangan Sistem Otomatisasi AC dan Lampu Menggunakan Fuzzy dan Raspberry Pi." JURNAL INFOTEL 9, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v9i4.314.
Full textAbstract:
Automation of AC and lamps is done to save energy used in everyday. In the development of AC and lamps automation need to implement a device that has the maximum function with a minimal price. Raspberry Pi is a device or module with a low price that can perform wireless communication without the help of other modules. In the development of air AC and lamps automation also required a method that is able to control the flame AC and lamps. The application of the fuzzy method can be done to collect the space state information obtained from the sensor to determine the flame of the AC and the lamps automatically. Therefore, this research proposes development of AC and lamps automation using Raspberry Pi and Fuzzy. Automation of AC and lamps using Raspberry Pi which apply Fuzzy method can save energy up to 47,22% in case of AC and 57,62% for lamps lumenation.
23
Kosasi, Sandy. "Perancangan Aplikasi Point of Sale dengan Arsitektur Client/Server Berbasis Linux dan Windows." Creative Information Technology Journal 1, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/citec.2014v1i2.15.
Full textAbstract:
Perancangan sistem aplikasi point of sale (POS) dapat memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik kepada konsumen, seperti dalam perhitungan harga dan jumlah barang yang dibeli dapat menjadi lebih cepat dan kuantitas barang tidak lagi bergantung kepada pencatatan manual. Penelitian menghasilkan aplikasi POS menggunakan arsitektur client/server yang terintegrasi antar proses bisnis untuk bagian penjualan, kasir dan gudang. Pengembangan arsitektur client/server ini menggunakan sistem operasi Linux distro Redhat 9 dan Windows Xp Profesional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, daftar pertanyaan. Perancangan aplikasi menggunakan menggunakan diagram use case, activity, sequence dan class. Hasil penelitian meliputi modul aplikasi kasir (front office), modul aplikasi gudang dan modul aplikasi laporan (back office). Modul aplikasi antara lain mencakup pengelolaan penjualan, edit data penjualan, pengisian data barang, penentuan harga barang, dan menghasilkan laporan penjualan.Point of sale (POS) application system design can give better service to the consumer, example in the price count and sum of item purchased can become faster and quantity of the item no longer rely on the manual recording. As for the research purpose is create integrated point of sale application using client/server architecture between business process to the warehouse, sales and cashier. The development of client/server architecture is using Linux operating system with distro Redhat 9.0 and windows Xp profesional. Experiment is using research and development method with technique to gather data are observation, interview, question list. This application design is using use case, activity, sequence and class diagram. The research instrument consist of cashier application (front office), warehouse application module and report application module (back office). Application module like sales management, sales data edit, equipment data insertion, pricing of the goods and generate sales report.
24
Jäger-Waldau, Arnulf. "Thin Film Photovoltaics: Markets and Industry." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/768368.
Full textAbstract:
Since 2000, total PV production increased almost by two orders of magnitude, with a compound annual growth rate of over 52%. The most rapid growth in annual cell and module production over the last five years could be observed in Asia, where China and Taiwan together now account for about 60% of worldwide production. Between 2005 and 2009, thin film production capacity and volume increased more than the overall industry but did not keep up in 2010 and 2011 due to the rapid price decline for solar modules. Prices for photovoltaic electricity generation systems have more than halved over the last five years making the technology affordable to an ever-increasing number of customers worldwide. With worldwide over 60 GW cumulative installed photovoltaic electricity generation capacity installed in November 2011, photovoltaics still is a small contributor to the electricity supply, and another 10 to 15 years of sustained and aggressive growth will be required for photovoltaic solar electricity to become one of the main providers of electricity. To achieve this, a continuous improvement of the current solar cell technologies will be necessary.
25
Yamin, Mohammad. "Relative relation modules of finite groups." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 34, no. 3 (October 1991): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500005204.
Full textAbstract:
Let E be a free product of a finite number of cyclic groups, and S a normal subgroup of E such that E/S ≅ G is finite. For a prime p, Ŝ = S / S′Sp may be regarded as an -module. Whenever E is a free group, Ŝ is called a relation module (modulo p); in general we call Ŝ a relative relation module (modulo p). Gaschütz, Gruenberg and others have studied relation modules; the aim of this paper is to study relative relation modules.
26
Jia, Dong Ming, Chun Lin Guo, and Zhe Ci Tang. "Research of Control Method in Multi-Working Condition to Charging and Discharging under Multi DC/DC Modules." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1884.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is based on the development process of charge-discharge experiment platform of electric cars under multi-working condition and more modules, it can carry out much charge-discharge experiment under several of control modes and parameters, and it contains lots of functions, like modular control, data collection, on-off control, human-computer interaction and environmental monitoring. There are 6 DC/DC modules in this platform, to realize these modules run independently under one backstage control system, meanwhile one module can change working condition ongoing, status inquiry and in-out operation automatic, this article proposes a new control method. It comes true by identifying critical parameters and taking into account many situations, finally we give the flow process of the method. The conclusion claim that this method could meet the request of the platform, and it has certain of reference price to such platform.
27
Tretynyk, V., А. Voznyak, and V. Domrachev. "Using Machine Learning Methods to Estimate the Cost of Housing." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.21.1.7.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Nowadays, the state has enshrined at the legislative level the definition of appraised value for tax purposes in sales of real estate as mandatory. The comparative approach most often used by appraisers has disadvantages such as the inability to find analogues in some cases and the need to make corrections, which affects the reliability of the results. The module of electronic determination of appraisal value (Module) similar to the object of property appraisal of the Unified database of appraisal reports works on the same approach and quite often overestimates appraisal value that leads to increase in the size of the tax during sales as the real estate cannot be sold for the price less than the estimated cost. Today to determine the price of an automated system correctly, it is necessary to fill the Unified Valuation Database in the State Property Fund with large knowledge bases - a huge IT system. So far, the thoughtless machine still determines the price by the average value. Currently there are often situations when the appraised value of real estate, determined by the Module, exceeds its real market value. Given that the approach used by the Valuation Module does not always give the correct result, there is a need to find a better method to determine the value of housing that could be used by the Module. The purpose of the paper. In this paper, an approach based on fuzzy logic was used to estimate the cost of housing in Kyiv. Fuzzy methods allow to apply a linguistic description of complex processes, to establish fuzzy relationships between concepts, to predict the behavior of the system, to create a set of alternative actions, to formally describe fuzzy decision-making rules. Results. The software implementation of the model in Python programming language was performed. Data for modeling were taken for the period July – October 2020 from a single database of property valuation reports. The sample contained 2133 records, it was filtered, divided into training and testing in the proportion of 85 : 15. To assess the quality of the program, the average relative error of the developed model was calculated. Keywords: fuzzy logic, machine learning, Python programming, linguistic variables, predictive model.
28
Xiong, Shenghua, Chunfeng Wang, Zhenming Fang, and Dan Ma. "Multi-Step-Ahead Carbon Price Forecasting Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Fast Multi-Output Relevance Vector Regression Optimized by the Multi-Objective Whale Optimization Algorithm." Energies 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010147.
Full textAbstract:
The accurate and stable forecasting of carbon prices is vital for governors to make policies and essential for market participants to make investment decisions, which is important for promoting the development of carbon markets and reducing carbon emissions in China. However, it is challenging to improve the carbon price forecasting accuracy due to its non-linearity and non-stationary characteristics, especially in multi-step-ahead forecasting. In this paper, a hybrid multi-step-ahead forecasting model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), fast multi-output relevance vector regression (FMRVR), and the multi-objective whale optimization algorithm (MOWOA) is proposed. VMD is employed to extract the primary mode for the carbon price. Then, FMRVR, which is used as the forecasting module, is built on the preprocessed data. To achieve high accuracy and stability, the MOWOA is utilized to optimize the kernel parameter and input the lag of the FMRVR. The proposed hybrid forecasting model is applied to carbon price series from three major regional carbon emission exchanges in China. Results show that the proposed VMD-FMRVR-MOWOA model achieves better performance compared to several other multi-output models in terms of forecasting accuracy and stability. The proposed model can be a potential and effective technique for multi-step-ahead carbon price forecasting in China’s three major regional emission exchanges.
29
Qin, Gang, Han Li, and Xiao Gang Feng. "The Design of Portable Electromyograph and Induced Instrument." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.439.
Full textAbstract:
Aiming at the complex operation , low performance-to-price ratio and the weak adaptability of the like products at present, this paper designs one type of portable electromyograph and induced instrument, The detector uses S3C2440, low power consumption but high performance ,as its main processor. it designs sEMG signal detection module by itself, and proceed electromyography collection, display and storage in time. The practical use shows that the instrument is chiefly featured by complete functions, low power consumption, simple portable, low price, and extensive application etc.
30
Park, Min-Ji, Eul-Bum Lee, Seung-Yeab Lee, and Jong-Hyun Kim. "A Digitalized Design Risk Analysis Tool with Machine-Learning Algorithm for EPC Contractor’s Technical Specifications Assessment on Bidding." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185901.
Full textAbstract:
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) projects span the entire cycle of industrial plants, from bidding to engineering, construction, and start-up operation and maintenance. Most EPC contractors do not have systematic decision-making tools when bidding for the project; therefore, they rely on manual analysis and experience in evaluating the bidding contract documents, including technical specifications. Oftentimes, they miss or underestimate the presence of technical risk clauses or risk severity, potentially create with a low bid price and tight construction schedule, and eventually experience severe cost overrun or/and completion delays. Through this study, two digital modules, Technical Risk Extraction and Design Parameter Extraction, were developed to extract and analyze risks in the project’s technical specifications based on machine learning and AI algorithms. In the Technical Risk Extraction module, technical risk keywords in the bidding technical specifications are collected, lexiconized, and then extracted through phrase matcher technology, a machine learning natural language processing technique. The Design Parameter Extraction module compares the collected engineering standards’ so-called standard design parameters and the plant owner’s technical requirements on the bid so that a contractor’s engineers can detect the difference between them and negotiate them. As described above, through the two modules, the risk clauses of the technical specifications of the project are extracted, and the risks are detected and reconsidered in the bidding or execution of the project, thereby minimizing project risk and providing a theoretical foundation and system for contractors. As a result of the pilot test performed to verify the performance and validity of the two modules, the design risk extraction accuracy of the system module has a relative advantage of 50 percent or more, compared to the risk extraction accuracy of manual evaluation by engineers. In addition, the speed of the automatic extraction and analysis of the system modules are 80 times faster than the engineer’s manual analysis time, thereby minimizing project loss due to errors or omissions due to design risk analysis during the project bidding period with a set deadline.
31
Yan, Bing Jun, Ai Dong Xu, and Zhan Yuan Bai. "A Kind of New Switching Power Supply with Multiple Isolated Outputs Used in High-Voltage Static Synchronous Compensator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.567.
Full textAbstract:
The background of this paper is the power supply driven by High-voltage Static Synchronous Compensator series module, a kind of applicable to high voltage power module is proposed in this paper. Using High-voltage Static Synchronous Compensator, this device Switching Power Supply has the advantages of small in volume, light in weight, high efficiency and reliability. Compared with the high voltage of the insulation frequency transformer, this device overcoming many shortcomings, such as huge in volume and high price. This device is more suitable for distributed application, therefore it is very easy to realize multiple outputs of the power.
32
Kharseh, Mohamad, and Holger Wallbaum. "How Adding a Battery to a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Can Increase its Economic Performance: A Comparison of Different Scenarios." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010030.
Full textAbstract:
The current work investigates how adding a battery of optimal capacity to a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system can improve its economic feasibility. Also, the effect of different parameters on the feasibility of the PV system was evaluated. The optimal battery capacity (OBC) was determined for different saving targets of the annual electricity consumption of the chosen building. For this aim, real electricity consumption data of a residential building in Landskrona, Sweden, was used as energy consumption profile. A Solar World SW325XL, which is a monocrystalline solar panel, was selected as PV panel. The calculations were performed under the metrological and economic conditions of southern Sweden. Different working parameters (WPs) were considered (prices of the battery, feed-in tariffs, and saving targets). The performed calculations show that the optimal battery capacity (OBC), in which the payback time (PBT) of the system is maximized, strongly depends on the WP. The proper selection of the battery can considerably increase the economic feasibility of the PV system in southern Sweden. However, in some cases, using battery can have a negative impact on the PBT of the system. The results show that the electricity price, the module price, the inverter price, and the inverter lifetime have the highest effect on the PBT.
33
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, MARKO A., and VANČO B. LITOVSKI. "POWER FACTOR AND DISTORTION MEASURING FOR SMALL LOADS USING USB ACQUISITION MODULE." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 05 (August 2011): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007657.
Full textAbstract:
Power factor and distortion measuring usually require dedicated and expensive equipments. Computer-based acquisition modules and software provide for a possibility to create simple and nonexpensive methods and instruments for power factor measurement and distortion characterization of small loads and bring all advantages of virtual instrumentation. A new approach to power quality characterization by measuring power factor, distortion, and several other parameters of small electric loads (up to 0.5 kW) will be described in this paper. Besides low price maximum versatility and adaptability are provided without any loss in accuracy.
34
Khalid, Zubair, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Awais, Thamer Alquthami, and Muhammad Babar Rasheed. "A Novel Load Scheduling Mechanism Using Artificial Neural Network Based Customer Profiles in Smart Grid." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051062.
Full textAbstract:
In most demand response (DR) based residential load management systems, shifting a considerable amount of load in low price intervals reduces end user cost, however, it may create rebound peaks and user dissatisfaction. To overcome these problems, this work presents a novel approach to optimizing load demand and storage management in response to dynamic pricing using machine learning and optimization algorithms. Unlike traditional load scheduling mechanisms, the proposed algorithm is based on finding suggested low tariff area using artificial neural network (ANN). Where the historical load demand individualized power consumption profiles of all users and real time pricing (RTP) signal are used as input parameters for a forecasting module for training and validating the network. In a response, the ANN module provides a suggested low tariff area to all users such that the electricity tariff below the low tariff area is market based. While the users are charged high prices on the basis of a proposed load based pricing policy (LBPP) if they violate low tariff area, which is based on RTP and inclining block rate (IBR). However, we first developed the mathematical models of load, pricing and energy storage systems (ESS), which are an integral part of the optimization problem. Then, based on suggested low tariff area, the problem is formulated as a linear programming (LP) optimization problem and is solved by using both deterministic and heuristic algorithms. The proposed mechanism is validated via extensive simulations and results show the effectiveness in terms of minimizing the electricity bill as well as intercepting the creation of minimal-price peaks. Therefore, the proposed energy management scheme is beneficial to both end user and utility company.
35
Baranovsky, Alexander, Nataliia Tkachenko, Vladimer Glonti, Valentyna Levchenko, Kateryna Bogatyrova, Zaza Beridze, Larisa Belinskaja, and Iryna Zelenitsa. "Non-Price Criteria for the Evaluation of the Tender Offers in Public Procurement of Ukraine." International Journal of Financial Studies 8, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8030044.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, public procurement has been associated with the measurement of achieving savings. However, recent research shows that the economic impact of public procurement is not limited only to savings, but by measuring the impact of four capitals—natural, human, social, and economic—on sustainable well-being over time. Ukraine is a country with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which exacerbates the problem of the impact of public procurement results on the population’s welfare. Ukrainian public procurement legislation allows customers to apply non-price criteria (the share of non-price criteria cannot be more than 70%), which, together, are taken into account in the formula of the quoted price. The studies show that the effect of the use of non-price criteria depends on the relevance of the method of the evaluation of non-price criteria. The most important non-price criteria for Ukrainian customers by product categories and the methods of their evaluation are analyzed according to the Bi.prozorro.org analytics module. Therefore, it is concluded that the quoted price method, which is used in Ukrainian practice, is not relevant in comparison with the method used in the EU. A survey of the government buyers on the practice of applying non-price criteria was conducted, and the areas of their use were identified.
36
Rachmawaty, Annisa Nur, Sugeng Triyono, Siti Suharyatun, and Mareli Telaumbanua. "RANCANGAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH (Allium Ascalonicum L.) DAN SIMULASI ANALISIS BIAYA." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v8i2.139-152.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional cultivation of shallot is subject to uncertainty both in productivity and price. This seasonal situation was primarily due to climatic factors. Hydroponics cultivation offers a potential solution to that problem because hydroponics was not dependant to climate. Therefore, production can be maintained throughout a year around. This research aims to design hydroponics system for shallot cultivation, to simulate cost analysis, and to estimate profit. The research was conducted by constructing a hydroponics module with dimension as the following: 100 cm high, 3 m long and 60 cm wide. Growth medium made from rice hush char as deep as 15 cm was used in the module. 114 cloves of shallot were nursed, and transplanted to the bed after shoots developed about 5 cm, with 10x15 cm spacing. Parameters observed in this study included pH, EC, moisture content, and plant growth. In addition, three scenarios of the hydroponics systems were simulated to elaborate cost and profit estimation. The three scenarios included scaling up the cultivation beds, ten year cultivation, and productivity from three types of hydroponics modules. The results showed that during hydroponics cultivation of shallot, EC of nutrient solution was elevated to the last level of 3106 μS/cm, while pH was found to be 7.58. The yield of the shallot was 0.0154 kg/m2 with average tuber diameter of 10-15 mm. This production was suboptimal, yet profit and cost comparisons could be clearly described through the simulations of three types of hydroponics modules. Keywords: cost and profit analysis, hydroponics cultivation, nutrition solution, shallot
37
Rao, M. Kameswara, Rohit Lagisetty, M. S. V. K. Maniraj, K. N. S. Dattu, and B. Sneha Ganga. "Commodity Price Data Analysis Using Web Scraping." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v4.i4.pp146-150.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Today, analysis of data which is available on the web has become more popular, by using such data we are capable to solve many issues. Our project deals with the analysis of commodity price data available on the web. In general, commodity price data analysis is performed to know inflation rate prevailing in the country and also to know cost price index (CPI). Presently in some countries this analysis is done manually by collecting data from different cities, then calculate inflation and CPI using some predefined formulae. To make this entire process automatic we are developing this project. Now a day’s most of the customers are depending on online websites for their day to day purchases. This is the reason we are implementing a system to collect the data available in various e-commerce sites for commodity price analysis. Here, we are going to introduce a data scraping technique which enables us to collect data of various products available online and then store it in a database there after we perform analysis on them. By this process we can reduce the burden of collecting data manually by reaching various cities. The system consists of web module which perform analysis and visualization of data available in the database.</p>
38
Jheng, Wern Dare, Shao Hsien Chen, and Zhi Hong Lin. "The Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency Research at Color Solar Cell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2989.
Full textAbstract:
When the petrochemical raw materials continue to rise, resulting in the demand for solar power to increase 25-30% annually. So solar power is currently the most practical and efficient best alternative energy sources. silicon solar cells is now the main raw material, which can be divided into: single-crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. The most efficiency is single crystal silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells yield larger and more expensive, amorphous silicon solar cell has the lowest price but the worst efficiency. Solar module packaging can produce the required voltage and current, and blocking the water to increase product life. Because the color of solar cells are usually black, is not easy to integrate into the environment. If we can use color packaging material to make solar modules, will be applied to toys, gifts, landscape, lighting and other everyday products, resulting in a more perfect match. This article will explore a range of color package parameters and the relative conversion efficiency of solar cell modules.
39
Kim, Shae K. "Development of 2-Cavity Die Casting Process for AM50 Mg Steering Column Lock Housing Module." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.334.
Full textAbstract:
It is obvious that automotive industry worldwide is predicting significant growth in the use of magnesium alloys for weight reduction to decrease fuel consumption and emission. About a half decade ago, the price of magnesium alloys was more than twice that of aluminum alloys on a weight basis. Currently, magnesium alloys cost about one and a half times that of aluminum alloys on a weight basis, and thus the price of magnesium alloys is the same as or lower than that of aluminum alloys on a per volume basis. However, in considering the performance of magnesium components (not their specific mechanical properties) and recycling aspect of magnesium alloys, it is required to realize niche applications of magnesium alloys, which meet the cost requirement on performance basis and/or offer more than weight reduction. There are many other factors that make magnesium a good choice: component consolidation, improved safety for driver and passengers, and improved noise vibration and harshness (NVH), to name a few. As one of these efforts to adopt magnesium alloys in automotive component, this paper describes the research strategy of cold chamber type 2-cavity die casting of AM50 magnesium alloy for developing the steering column lock housing module with emphasis on cost driving factors and necessities for cost reduction, explaining why AM50 magnesium alloy is chosen with design and die casting process optimization.
40
Helbet, Robert, Paul Bechet, Vasile Monda, Simona Miclaus, and Iulian Bouleanu. "Low-Cost Sensor Based on SDR Platforms for TETRA Signals Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 2, 2021): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093160.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the design and implementation of an electromagnetic field monitoring sensor for the measurement of the Terrestrial Truncked Radio (TETRA) signals using low-cost software defined radio (SDR) platforms. The sensor includes: an SDR platform, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module and a hardware control module. Several SDR platforms having different resolutions of the analog–digital converters were tested in the first phase. The control module was implemented in two variants: a fixed one, using a laptop, and a mobile one, using a Raspberry Pi. The tests demonstrate the following achieved performances: instantaneous acquisition band of 5.12 MHz; dynamic range of the input signal level of (−100 to −30) dBm; frequency resolution of 2.5 kHz; portability and flexibility for use in outdoor environments. The sensor allows complete reporting through amplitude-time-frequency-location descriptors, and in the case of the mobile version, the system performs correctly even at a maximum speed of displacement of 120 km/h. The price of the mobile sensor system variant is approximately EUR 320.
41
Zhang, Jian Keng, Qian Hong Wu, and Ji Qiu Deng. "The Realization and Application of Mineral Resources and Reserves Estimation Based on MapGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.442.
Full textAbstract:
In terms of the reality that the immature and simple manipulations of MapGIS, the expensive price, complicate operations and calculations of foreign software on reserves estimation as well as the limit of the mine techniques, an estimated module of minerals reserves is made in correspondence with the actual demand. This module is developed through MapGIS re-develop tools and relevant GIS techniques on ".Net" platform and with the utilization of visual programming language C#, in order to realize the functions of automatic mapping and output of prospecting line profile map, the interactive delineation of ore bodies, the estimates of the mineral reserves and the interactive display between map and attribute data, which will greatly improve work efficiency of disposal of the geological data and estimation of resources and reserves.
42
Li, Qiaofeng, Kanglin Liu, and Zhi-Hai Zhang. "Robust design of a strategic network planning for photovoltaic module recycling considering reclaimed resource price uncertainty." IISE Transactions 51, no. 7 (February 4, 2019): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2018.1501169.
Full text
43
Jang, Gia-Shuh, Feipei Lai, Bor-Wei Jiang, Tai-Ming Parng, and Li-Hua Chien. "Intelligent stock trading system with price trend prediction and reversal recognition using dual-module neural networks." Applied Intelligence 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00871939.
Full text
44
Choi, Hyunkyoung, Kyungwoon Cho, and Hyokyung Bahn. "Sensor and Dynamic Pricing Aware Vertical Transportation in Smart Buildings." Complexity 2019 (June 20, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7026810.
Full textAbstract:
In modern smart buildings, the electricity consumption of a building is monitored every time and costs differently at each time slot of a day. Smart buildings are also equipped with indoor sensors that can track the movement of human beings. In this paper, we propose a new elevator control system (ECS) that utilizes two kinds of context information in smart buildings: (1) human movements estimated by indoor sensors and (2) dynamic changes of electricity price. In particular, indoor sensors recognize elevator passengers before they press the elevator call buttons, and smart meters inform the dynamically changing price of the electricity to ECS. By using this information, our ECS aims at minimizing both the electricity cost and the waiting time of passengers. As this is a complex optimization problem, we use an evolutionary computation technique based on genetic algorithms (GA). We inject a learning module into the control unit of ECS, which monitors the change of the electricity price and the passengers’ traffic detected by sensors. Experimental results with the simulator we developed show that our ECS outperforms the scheduling configuration that does not consider sensor information or electricity price changes.
45
Lin, Pei Guang, Su Ying Zhou, and Lin Zhao. "Design and Implementation of the Automatic Search and Price-Comparison System Based on the Deep Web." Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (June 2010): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.209.
Full textAbstract:
With the development of the Internet, the online shopping was increasingly into people's life. In order to provide convenient search and price comparison service for shopping online, this article designs and implements automatic search and comparison system based on Deep web. To overcome the difficulties of data capture from the current dynamic webpage, the background’s data capture of this system implements by watir. The search module for end-users implements by JavaEE. The practical application shows that this system can fully satisfy people’s needs in search and comparison.
46
Santosa, Tomi Apra, Abdul Razak, Lufri Lufri, Zulyusri Zulyusri, Elmayana Fradila, and Fitri Arsih. "Meta-Analisis: Pengaruh Bahan Ajar Berbasis Pendekatan STEM Pada Pembelajaran Ekologi." Journal of Digital Learning and Education 1, no. 01 (April 26, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v1i01.24.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh bahan ajar ekologi berbasis pendekatan STEM terhadap pembelajaran Abad-21. Metode penelitian ini adalah meta-analisis dengan menelaah sumber data yang berasal dari jurnal nasional atau internasional terbitan empat tahun terakhir (2016-2020). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa studi meta-analisis berpengaruh pada bahan ajar ekologi berdasarkan pendekatan STEM berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, jenis media yang digunakan, dan pendekatan STEM dalam pembelajaran ekologi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh bahan ajar ekologi berdasarkan pendekatan ilmiah memiliki harga rata-rata lebih tinggi di tingkat SMA dibandingkan dengan sekolah dasar dan menengah pertama. Harga ukuran efek rata-rata untuk tingkat pendidikan menengah atas, menengah pertama dan dasar adalah: 1,63; 1,56; dan 1,19 pada kategori tinggi. Sedangkan dari segi media pembelajaran akan lebih efektif jika diaplikasikan dalam modul, dibandingkan dengan media lain, rata-rata effect size modul, LKS/LKPD, dan bahan ajar masing-masing adalah: 2,05; 1,14; dan 0,62 pada kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil belajar kognitif dan keterampilan siswa, pengaruh harga rata-rata terhadap effect size proses sains, hasil belajar, berpikir kritis, dan pemecahan masalah adalah 1,32; 1,61; 2.32; dan 1.83 dengan kategori tinggi maka diikuti kompetensi siswa dengan memberikan pengaruh pada kategori sedang yaitu: 0,61. Kata Kunci: Bahan Ajar, Pendekatan STEM, Ekologi Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ecology teaching materials based on the STEM approach on 21st-century learning. This research method is a meta-analysis by examining data sources from national or international journals published in the last four years (2016-2020). The results showed that the meta-analysis study affected ecology teaching materials based on the STEM approach based on the level of education, the type of media used, and the STEM approach in ecological learning. The research findings showed that the effect size of ecological teaching materialbased on scientific approach has a higher average prize at senior secondary level compared to primary and junior secondary. The average effect size prices for senior secondary, junior secondary, and primary education levels were: 1.63; 1.56; and 1.19 in the high category. Meanwhile, in terms of learning media, it will be more effective if applied in modules, compared to other media, the average effect size of the module, student worksheet, and teaching materials respectively are: 2.05; 1.14; and 0.62 in the high category. Based on students' cognitive learning outcomes and skills, the effect of the average price on the effect size of the science process, learning outcomes, critical thinking, and problem-solving was 1.32; 1.61; 2.32; and 1.83 with the high category, followed by student competence by giving influence to the medium category, namely: 0.61. Keywords: Teaching Materials, STEM, ecology
47
Swenson, Daniel. "Optimal Strategy in the “Price Is Right” Showcase Showdown: A Module for Students of Calculus and Probability." PRIMUS 25, no. 7 (August 5, 2015): 578–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511970.2015.1054012.
Full text
48
Issa, H. I., H. J. Mohammed, L. M. Abdali, A. G. Al Bairmani, and M. Ghachim. "Mathematical Modeling and Controller for PV System by Using MPPT Algorithm." Bulletin of Kalashnikov ISTU 24, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-1-96-101.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, the study theory of system includes the use of an important source of renewable energy sources (solar source) and linking this system with an electrical load. The world is witnessing a significant rise in fossil fuel prices since the ending of the 20th century and now, this rise in price increases with the decrease in inventory day after day. Therefore, it turned that the field of attention to researchers of power generation to expand in non-conventional energy sources (new and renewable energy sources).New and renewable energy is inexhaustible in use because they rely on renewable natural resources. The mathematical model is an important part of the detailed study for PV systems. As well as study models for photovoltaic systems via the MATLAB/Simulink, this programming environment contains many models for renewable systems intended to perform simulation and analysis.Solar cells system needs to apply the MPPT algorithm due to the instability of external circumstances such as solar radiation and temperature.At a constant temperature of 25 °C, as the radiation level increases, the current and voltage of the module increase, this leads to an increase in output power. At a constant radiation level of 100 W/m2, as the module temperature increases, the current increases and the voltage decreases, this causes the output power to decrease. The maximum power is reached at 17 V and 3.5 A by the MPPT method. The Perturb and Observe algorithm is used to achieve maximum power.
49
Chen, Pi-Yun, Kuei-Hsiang Chao, and Zih-Yi Wu. "An Optimal Collocation Strategy for the Key Components of Compact Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102523.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to develop an optimal evaluation system for collocating photovoltaic (PV) modules and power conditioners by using the extension engineering method. The matter-element model and correlation functions of the extension theory were adopted as the basis of the proposed extension evaluation system, which was then used to develop a multilevel evaluation model for PV modules and PV power conditioners. The extension evaluation system was used to evaluate and test numerous PV modules and power conditioner products that are commonly employed and commercially available in Taiwan. First, a PV module matter-element model was established based on price, power temperature, size, and weight, and a PV power conditioner matter-element model was established based on input voltage range, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) voltage range, number of MPPT units, minimum operating voltage, and maximum input current. Second, the weighting values of the various characteristics in the extension method were determined according to numerous consideration factors of the PV modules and power conditioners. Finally, the values of the degree of correlation between numerous user preferences and the various PV modules and power conditioner brands were calculated using correlation functions to determine the key components of PV power generation systems (PV-PGSs) that corresponded to user preferences. The test results confirmed that the proposed extension evaluation system can determine the optimal collocation for the key components of the PV-PGSs under different user preference settings.
50
Hamakawa, Y., W. Ma, and H. Okamoto. "Recent Progress in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells and Their Technologies." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 10 (October 1993): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400038276.
Full textAbstract:
A big barrier impeding the expansion of large-scale power generation by photovoltaic (PV) systems was the high price of solar cell modules, which was more than $50/Wp (peak watts) by 1974. Therefore, cost reduction of solar cells is of prime importance. To achieve this objective, tremendous R&D efforts have been made over the past ten years in a wide variety of technical fields, from solar cell materials, cell structure, and mass production processes to photovoltaic systems. As a result, more than an order of magnitude in cost reduction has been achieved, and the module cost has come down to less than $5/Wp in a firm bid for the large-scale market. Two phases of technological innovation can be identified. The first innovation in progress is based on low-cost polycrystalline technologies applicable to well-developed single-crystalline silicon solar cell fabrication processes. The second remarkable innovation is a-Si:H (hydrogenated amorphous silicon) technology, which we will discuss.We open our discussion with a brief overview of the present status of a-Si solar cell R&D efforts, with some new insights in device physics. Next, we discuss some new approaches and key technologies for improving solar cell efficiency with stabilized performance using new materials such as a-SiC:H (amorphous silicon carbide), μc-SiC:H (microcrystalline silicon carbide), and a-SiGe:H (amorphous silicon germanium). Also, the progress of conversion efficiency in various types of amorphous silicon solar cells is surveyed and summarized.