Relevant bibliographies by topics / Module price

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Module price'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 June 2021
Last updated: 21 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Module price"

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Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, Naoyuki Yoshino, and Yugo Inagaki. "Empirical analysis of factors influencing the price of solar modules." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 1 (2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2018-0005.

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Purpose One of the key drivers behind the recent growth in the global solar energy market is the decline in solar module prices. Many empirical analyses have been carried out to identify the mechanism behind this price reduction. However, studies on the price reduction mechanism of solar modules over the years have focused purely on the technological aspect of manufacturing. The purpose of this study is to consider the influence of economic and monetary factors such as the interest rate and exchange rate on solar module pricing in addition to other factors that considered in earlier studies including technology, wage rate and other energy prices. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an oligopolistic model and econometric method are used to determine the economic factors that have an influence on solar module prices. The paper constructs a solar module pricing model and conducts a fully modified ordinary least squares analysis to estimate the influence of each factor. Analysis is conducted for the top five solar module producing countries in the world from 1997 to 2015. The five countries are the People’s Republic of China, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the USA. Findings Empirical analysis provides several findings concerning the solar module pricing mechanism. These vary for each country. However, generally the interest rate has a positive correlation with solar module prices, while the exchange rate, knowledge stock and oil price have a negative correlation with solar module prices. Practical implications First, the government must expand channels for renewable energy funding. As renewable industries are high-tech, the influence that capital cost has on technology price is significant. Government efforts to provide industries with low-interest finance will accelerate renewable business. There have been many attempts to lower interest rates for renewable energy technology to accelerate growth in the green technology market. Second, the government must expand research and development (R&D) expenditures focused on renewable energy technology. The technological advancements acquired through R&D enhance module performance efficiency, thereby reducing costs. Therefore, government policies aimed at increasing targeted R&D expenditure will be an effective means of expanding the installation of renewable energies. Originality/value Studies on the price reduction mechanism of solar modules over the years have focused purely on the technological aspect of the manufacturing. This is the first research to bring economic, monetary and technological factors of solar module pricing together.
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Mittag, Max, Tim Straube, and Christian Reichel. "Analysis of transport costs structures of solar modules: international versus domestic scenarios." EPJ Photovoltaics 15 (2024): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2024036.

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This study investigates the cost structure associated with transporting photovoltaic (PV) modules, comparing scenarios of international transport from China to Germany, a European manufacturing, and domestic transport within Germany. Utilizing a geometric model to calculate container utilization and transport logistics, we analyze the impact of module design, efficiency, and transportation routes on overall costs. The transport cost model considers module dimensions, container specifications, loading limits, transport modes, costs, packaging materials, and pallet prices. We apply this model to various module types, including M10, G12, and M10R wafer-based cells. Transport costs from China to Germany make up a significant part of the total PV module cost (14.7%–15.8%). In contrast, for German module manufacturing, the transport cost share is well below 2% and European manufacturing adds less than 3%. Transport costs have shown high volatility in the recent decade, and container prices are currently higher than prior to the Corona crisis. Disruptions in global logistics chains − such as shipping route blockages or spikes in container prices − can significantly impact cost structures. Transport costs for PV modules have quadrupled during Corona. We estimate that a transport cost share of ∼10% will remain relevant for the future. Higher module efficiencies lower specific transport costs (€/Wp). An increase of 1%abs leads to a transport cost reduction of 4.2%rel. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that transport costs can account for up to 43% of the final module price in scenarios of low factory-gate module price and high shipping container costs. This study highlights the need to include transport logistics in PV module design and sourcing decisions. We recommend future LCOE assessments for solar projects include detailed transport cost evaluations for decision-making.
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Sulistyono, Dwi Setyo, Yuniaristanto Yuniaristanto, Wahyudi Sutopo, and Muhammad Hisjam. "Proposing Electric Motorcycle Adoption-Diffusion Model in Indonesia: A System Dynamics Approach." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 20, no. 2 (2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v20.n2.p83-92.2021.

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In 2019, the number of conventional vehicles in Indonesia reached 133,617,012 units, dominated by motorcycles of 112,771,136 units and passenger cars of 15,592,419 units. The high number of conventional motorcycle users can increase the number of pollutants and combustion emissions in the environment. This condition has encouraged the transition to a sustainable transport system that will be needed for decades to come, especially for the electric motorcycle to resolve the issue. This research aims to predict and estimate the market share of electric motorcycles by considering life cycle cost per kilometer. System dynamics simulations are developed to model the adoption-diffusion of electric motorcycles in Indonesia. This model has four main modules: an electric motorcycle module, a conventional motorcycle module, an economy module, and a consumer market module. This model shows a positive trend of EM market share from 2021-2030, with the market share value of EM is 0,411 in 2030. The development of retail price subsidy and electricity price scenarios is also carried out to determine the right policies to accelerate the adoption-diffusion process. Based on the scenario, the provision of retail price subsidy and a decrease in electricity price can increase the value of the EM Market Share.
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Nagarjun, Mudagal, and Roopa R. "FLIGHT TICKET PRICE PREDICTION." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 07 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36633.

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The study uses past flight schedules, route data, and ticket prices to estimate airline ticket costs using machine learning regression. For ease of use and functionality, it has admin and user modules. Registering and logging in allows users to upload flight data for precise cost estimates. Ensuring continuous efficacy, the admin module makes data administration and system maintenance easier. The objective is to improve overall travel planning experiences by providing travelers with data- driven insights to help them make wise decisions and maximize the value of their airline ticket purchases. Keyword: Machine learning, Flight ticket Prediction, Flight fare.
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Hafeez, Ghulam, Noor Islam, Ammar Ali, Salman Ahmad, and Muhammad Usman and Khurram Saleem Alimgeer. "A Modular Framework for Optimal Load Scheduling under Price-Based Demand Response Scheme in Smart Grid." Processes 7, no. 8 (2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080499.

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With the emergence of the smart grid (SG), real-time interaction is favorable for both residents and power companies in optimal load scheduling to alleviate electricity cost and peaks in demand. In this paper, a modular framework is introduced for efficient load scheduling. The proposed framework is comprised of four modules: power company module, forecaster module, home energy management controller (HEMC) module, and resident module. The forecaster module receives a demand response (DR), information (real-time pricing scheme (RTPS) and critical peak pricing scheme (CPPS)), and load from the power company module to forecast pricing signals and load. The HEMC module is based on our proposed hybrid gray wolf-modified enhanced differential evolutionary (HGWmEDE) algorithm using the output of the forecaster module to schedule the household load. Each appliance of the resident module receives the schedule from the HEMC module. In a smart home, all the appliances operate according to the schedule to reduce electricity cost and peaks in demand with the affordable waiting time. The simulation results validated that the proposed framework handled the uncertainties in load and supply and provided optimal load scheduling, which facilitates both residents and power companies.
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Meng, Zixuan, Lin Hao, and Yong Tan. "Freemium Pricing in Digital Games with Virtual Currency." Information Systems Research 32, no. 2 (2021): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0976.

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Providers of free-to-play games often gain revenue by monetizing players’ playtime, for example, through in-game advertising and by selling premium modules of the game. One emerging strategy to sell the premium module, known as the virtual selling strategy, is to set the module price based on an amount of virtual currency that players can either spend on playtime to earn or use real currency to buy. In this paper, we examine how the virtual selling strategy leads to different market outcomes than the traditional real selling strategy where players can purchase the premium module using real currency only. We focus on the differences caused by one specific feature—players can pay for the module indirectly using their playtime in the virtual selling strategy. We show that when the provider’s efficiency of monetizing players’ playtime, that is, the time revenue rate, is above a threshold, the virtual selling strategy will benefit the provider and hurt the overall consumer surplus compared with the real selling strategy, even though players in the virtual selling strategy have one additional way, that is, using their playtime, to pay for the module. We identify an undocumented overcompensation effect that causes the profit augmentation and the surplus reduction. The overcompensation effect also results in a U-shaped relationship between the equilibrium module price and the time revenue rate in the virtual selling strategy when the module only provides a small number of new gaming stages. It contradicts the traditional result from the real selling strategy that the provider shall reduce the module price when she becomes more efficient in monetizing players’ playtime.
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Yulianti, Yulianti, Endar Nirmala, Fernando David Hence Rotty, Eva Fauziah, Rizky Chaesar, and Muhammad Rafif Misbahuddin. "Pengujian Sistem ERP Apotek (GPOS - POS Modul) Menggunakan Metode Black Box dengan Teknik Error Guessing." Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi dan Aplikasi 5, no. 2 (2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/jtsi.v5i2.17654.

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After the process of making software needs to be done a useful testing stage to ensure that the software (Software) is in accordance with the needs of the user. POS is an application used to make sales transactions. In this study, the test was conducted on four modules: the first is the inventory module, in this module there are features for the manager of goods data, stock of goods, and the price of goods, The second is the purchase module where this feature will manage every transaction of goods purchased to the supplier or manufacturer, the third is the sales module or POS, this feature is designed to manage every sales transaction to the customer or end user, and the last is the report module, where every transaction both sales and purchases and inventory data (items, stock, the price) will be recorded in detail in it. Each of these modules is arranged thus completing one cycle of business processes. Because of the complexity of the arrangement of logic forming sales transactions, the process of calculating the price of sales and calculating the value of stock goods causes losses for business people who use invalid systems. As for a case in true testing it's when we find a previously undisclosed error. The research phase begins by analyzing each function on the system to be tested, creating a testing scenario for the database structure that has been created, making documentation from the test results and the researcher concludes. From the results of the tests that have been done, it was concluded that this software is worth using.
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Fu, Xian Cheng, Lei Zhou, and Guo Jun Wen. "Ultrasonic Ranging System Based on Single Chip Microprocessor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.360.

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Ultrasonic ranging (UR) technology has being used widely in many industries around the world. This paper aims to design and manufacture an ultrasonic distance measuring system with lower price and higher accuracy. Based on the deep study of principle of ultrasonic ranging, we designed the general plan and detailed electrical circuits for the ultrasonic distance measuring system based on single chip microprocessor of AT89S52, including the transmitter module of ultrasonic wave, receiving module of ultrasonic wave, display module etc. Then, we compiled the relative driven programs for all modules. After that, we debugged the combined system of hardware and software system. At last, the experimental results show that the cost is about 300RMB for 3 prototypes, measuring rang is 0.16~1.5m with the accuracy of 0.001mm, which means the ranging system meets the design requirements of lower price and higher accuracy.
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Petrović, Igor, Danijel Koprivanac, Ivana Heđi, and Mario Vražić. "PV System Design for Optimal Energy Production Based on Measured Data." Et2er 6, no. 1 (2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.70077/et2er.6.1.5.

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One should always keep in mind optimizing energy and money gains while designing an integrated photovoltaic (PV) system for the client with electrical energy consumption. Any amount of electrical energy produced by PV system that is left after consumption, is given to distribution network. Given energy will always have lower price than electrical energy taken from distribution network. Therefore, PV system production size should be designed just to equal client consummation. If this is achieved, most produced energy compensates for energy that was supposed to be taken from distribution network. Consuming energy prices are always higher than receiving energy prices. In this research single consumer with PV system is designed using client courtyard, respectively to terrain possibilities. The client already contains two modules of PV system. Measured data is provided for period of 30 months as follows: classic consumer, consumer with one PV system module, and finally consumer with two PV system modules. The object of this research is to design the size of third PV system module just enough to ensure optimal performance for subject client energy compensation. It will also ensure the best prices achieved with energy given in distribution network.Ključne riječi
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Yang, Linlin, Yingluo Song, Zilin Hu, Aili Wang, Haibin Wu, and Yuji Iwahori. "Design and Implementation of Intelligent Vegetable Recognition System based on MobileNet." Embedded Selforganising Systems 9, no. 3 (2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/ess.v9i3.579.

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With the rise of food safety traceability, unmanned supermarkets and autonomous shopping, the automatic identification technology of agricultural products such as vegetables in circulation and sales has become an urgent problem. This paper designs an intelligent vegetable identification system based on MobileNet to solve intelligent identification problem of vegetable sales in supermarkets.
 The system includes main control core, visual processing module, pressure sensor, voice broadcasting module and display module. When the system detects that there are vegetables to be weighed, the visual processing module completes the classification of vegetables, broadcasts the name, unit price and total price of vegetables by voice, and displays the weight, unit price and total price by OLED. The machine vision processing module is constructed by deep separable convolution (DSC). It realizes the separation of channels and regions, so it has high computing efficiency and is more suitable for embedded devices with low memory space.
 The experimental results show that the overall recognition rate of five vegetables reaches 97.33% under three kinds of illumination. The system has the advantages of stability, intelligence and convenience.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Module price"

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Ndiritu, Gachiri Charles. "An Application of Multiple Regression in Exchange Rate Arrangements." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1863_1263418792.

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<p>This project &quot<br>An application of multiple regression in exchange rate arrangement&quot<br>focused on the processes followed by different countries when choosing an exchange rate regime for currency stabilization. It analyses the consequences faced by emerging markets as a result of changes in volatility of developed countries&rsquo<br>currencies (American Dollar, Japanese Yen, EURO, British Pound and the Canadian Dollar).</p>
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Nygren, Anton, and Elin Sundström. "Modelling bifacial photovoltaic systems : Evaluating the albedo impact on bifacial PV systems based on case studies in Denver, USA and Västerås, Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55111.

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This study aims to develop a simulation and optimisation tool for bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules based on the open-source code OptiCE and evaluate dynamic and static albedo impact on a bifacial PV system. Further, a review of the market price development of bifacial PVs' and an optimisation to maximise energy output was conducted. Two case studies with bifacial PV modules, a single-axis tracker in Denver, USA, and a vertical and a tilted system installed at a farm outside Västerås, Sweden, were analysed in this study. The results showed that an hourly dynamic albedo value could provide more accurate simulation results of the rear side irradiance for the bifacial single-axis tracker than a static albedo value. The developed model showed an R2 accuracy of 93% and 91% for the front and rear sides, respectively, when simulated with an hourly albedo value for the bifacial single-axis tracker system. The optimisation was based on weather data from 2020. The results showed that the tilted reference system could increase its energy output by 8.5% by adjusting its tilt from 30° to 54° and its azimuth angle from 0 to -39°. In contrast, the vertical system would increase its energy output by 2.1% by rotating the azimuth angle from -90° to -66°. Conclusions that could be drawn are that bifacial PV price has closed in on the high-performance monofacial PV price the last five years and may continue to decrease in the coming years. Further, it was concluded that detailed dynamic albedo values lead to more accurate simulations of the ground-reflected irradiance. The availability of measured albedo data at the location is essential when the ground-reflected irradiance stands for a significant share of the irradiance. It was determined that during 2020 the optimal configurations of a vertical and tilted bifacial PV system in Västerås would save 11 300 SEK by consuming self-produced electricity and earn 11 600 SEK from selling the surplus of electricity for the farm outside Västerås.
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Sherwell, Cabello Pablo. "Three essays concerning economic analysis associated with the supply chain." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1715.

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Moyer, Adam C. "Self-Evolving Data Collection Through Analytics and Business Intelligence to Predict the Price of Cryptocurrency." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1604656483616404.

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Hubalek, Friedrich, and Walter Schachermayer. "When does convergence of asset price processes imply convergence of option prices?" SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1768/1/document.pdf.

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We consider weak convergence of a sequence of asset price models (Sn) to a limiting asset price model S. A typical case for this situation is the convergence of a sequence of binomial models to the Black-Scholes model, as studied by Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein. We put emphasis on two different aspects of this convergence: firstly we consider convergence with respect to the given "physical" probability measures (Pn) and secondly with respect to the "risk-neutral" measures (Qn) for the asset price processes (Sn). (In the case of non-uniqueness of the risk-neutral measures also the question of the "good choice" of (Qn) arises.) In particular we investigate under which conditions the weak convergence of (Pn) to P implies the weak convergence of (Qn) to Q and thus the convergence of prices of derivative securities. The main theorem of the present paper exhibits an intimate relation of this question with contiguity properties of the sequences of measures (Pn) with respect to (Qn) which in turn is closely connected to asymptotic arbitrage properties of the sequence (Sn) of security price processes. We illustrate these results with general homogeneous binomial and some special trinomial models. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Valeš, Jaromír. "Analýza personální práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74752.

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The goal of this thesis is to become familiar with the personal module within the framework of enterprise information system DIALOG 3000S and subsequent suggestion of measure and procedure when implementing its functions in operation. First of all, it concerns the functions linked with the organizational structure and professions within integrated. Theoretical part is focused on general introduction of enterprise processes widely, then the issues of personal information system are analyzed, especially its integration to the enterprise information system as a whole. The practical part features introduction of the company Romotop, ltd. and information system DIALOG 3000S, firstly its integrated personal module. Then the actual situation of the module is analyzed and thus the reflections which function should be putted in operation and the way of the procedure.
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關惠貞 and Wai-ching Josephine Kwan. "Trend models for price movements in financial markets." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211513.

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Coetzee, G. J. "A comparison of the Philips price earnings multiple model and the actual future price earnings multiple of selected companies listed on the Johannesburg stock exchange." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51561.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The price earnings multiple is a ratio of valuation and is published widely in the media as a comparative instrument of investment decisions. It is used to compare company valuation levels and their future growth/franchise opportunities. There have been numerous research studies done on the price earnings multiple, but no study has been able to design or derive a model to successfully predict the future price earnings multiple where the current stock price and following year-end earnings per share is used. The most widely accepted method of share valuation is to discount the future cash flows by an appropriate discount rate. Popular and widely used stock valuation models are the Dividend Discount Model and the Gordon Model. Both these models assume that future dividends are cash flows to the shareholder. Thomas K. Philips, the chief investment officer at Paradigm Asset Management in New York, constructed a valuation model at the end of 1999, which he published in The Journal of Portfolio Management. The model (Philips price earnings multiple model) was derived from the Dividend Discount Model and calculates an implied future price earnings multiple. The Philips price earnings multiple model includes the following independent variables: the cost of equity, the return on equity and the dividend payout ratio. Each variable in the Philips price earnings multiple model is a calculated present year-end point value, which was used to calculate the implied future price earnings multiple (present year stock price divided by following year-end earnings per share). This study used a historical five year (1995-2000) year-end data to calculate the implied and actual future price earnings multiple. Out of 225, Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed companies studied, only 36 were able to meet the criteria of the Philips price earnings multiple model. Correlation and population mean tests were conducted on the implied and constructed data sets. It proved that the Philips price earnings multiple model was unsuccesful in predicting the future price earnings multiple, at a statistical 0,20 level of significance. The Philips price earnings multiple model is substantially more complex than the Discount Dividend Model and includes greater restrictions and more assumptions. The Philips price earnings multiple model is a theoretical instrument which can be used to analyse hypothetical (with all model assumptions and restrictions having been met) companies. The Philips price earnings multiple model thus has little to no applicability in the practical valuation of stock price on Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed companies.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prysverdienste verhouding is 'n waarde bepalingsverhouding en word geredelik gepubliseer in die media. Hierdie verhouding is 'n maatstaf om maatskappye se waarde vlakke te vergelyk en om toekomstige groei geleenthede te evalueer. Daar was al verskeie navorsingstudies gewy aan die prysverdiensteverhouding, maar nog geen model is ontwikkel wat die toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding (die teenswoordige aandeelprys en toekomstige jaareind verdienste per aandeel) suksesvol kon modelleer nie. Die mees aanvaarbare metode vir waardebepaling van aandele is om toekomstige kontantvloeie te verdiskonteer teen 'n toepaslike verdiskonteringskoers. Van die vernaamste en mees gebruikte waardeberamings modelle is die Dividend Groei Model en die Gordon Model. Beide modelle gebruik die toekomstige dividendstroom as die toekomstige kontantvloeie wat uitbetaal word aan die aandeelhouers. Thomas K. Philips, die hoof beleggingsbeampte by Paradigm Asset Management in New York, het 'n waardeberamingsmodel ontwerp in 1999. Die model (Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodei) was afgelei vanaf die Dividend Groei Model en word gebruik om 'n geïmpliseerde toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding te bereken. Die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel sluit die volgende onafhanklike veranderlikes in: die koste van kapitaal, die opbrengs op aandeelhouding en die uitbetalingsverhouding. Elke veranderlike in hierdie model is 'n berekende teenswoordige jaareinde puntwaarde, wat gebruik was om die toekomstige geïmpliseerde prysverdiensteverhouding (teenswoordige jaar aandeelprys gedeel deur die toekomstige verdienste per aandeel) te bereken. In hierdie studie word vyf jaar historiese jaareind besonderhede gebruik om die geïmpliseerde en werklike toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding te bereken. Van die 225 Johannesburg Effektebeurs genoteerde maatskappye, is slegs 36 gebruik wat aan die vereistes voldoen om die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel te toets. Korrelasie en populasie gemiddelde statistiese toetse is op die berekende en geïmpliseerde data stelle uitgevoer en gevind dat die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel, teen 'n statistiese 0,20 vlak van beduidenheid, onsuksesvol was om die toekomstige prysverdiensteverhouding vooruit te skat. Die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel is meer kompleks as die Dividend Groei Model met meer aannames en beperkings. Die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel is 'n teoretiese instrument wat gebruik kan word om hipotetiese (alle model aannames en voorwaardes is nagekom) maatskappye te ontleed. Dus het die Philips prysverdienste verhoudingsmodel min tot geen praktiese toepassingsvermoë in die werkilke waardasie van aandele nie.
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Ellvin, Anders, and Tobias Pulls. "Implementing a Privacy-Friendly Secure Logging Module into the PRIME Core." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5439.

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<p>When individuals access services online they are often required to disclose excessive amounts of personally identifiable information, with little to no transparency on how the information is used. One of the goals of the EU research project PrimeLife is to help people regain control of their private sphere in today's networked world. As part of PrimeLife a software prototype, named the PRIME Core, is being developed that contains a number of different privacy enhancing technologies. This thesis describes the implementation and integration of a privacy-friendly secure logging module into the PRIME Core. The logging module's purpose is to provide transparency logging to the PRIME Core, giving individuals access to a detailed log of how their disclosed personally identifiable information is used, in a secure and privacy friendly manner.</p><p>The thesis resulted in a privacy-friendly secure logging module being implemented into the PRIME Core. The client for the logging module still lacks features to be suitable for use by the Data Track. Further research is needed to make the implementation mitigate the risks posed by memory and disk forensics.</p>
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Alsulmi, Badria. "Generalized Jacobi sums modulo prime powers." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32668.

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Books on the topic "Module price"

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S, Clark J., and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, eds. Nonfarm input prices, price margins, and consumer food prices. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1998.

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Aït-Sahalia, Yacine. Nonparametric estimation of state-price densities implicit in financial asset prices. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Borenstein, Severin. Do gasoline prices respond asymmetrically to crude oil price changes? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Barsky, Robert. Do flexible durable goods prices undermine sticky price models? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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Hampton, Tim. How much do import price shocks matter for consumer prices? Reserve Bank of New Zealand, 2001.

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Chacra, Marwan. Oil-price shocks and retail energy prices in Canada. Bank of Canada, 2002.

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Chacra, Marwan. Oil-price shocks and retail energy prices in Canada. Bank of Canada, 2002.

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Knittel, Christopher R. Tacit collusion in the presence of cyclical demand and endogenous capacity levels. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Shiller, Robert J. Designing indexed units of account. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Shiller, Robert J. Indexed units of account: Theory and assessment of historical experience. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Module price"

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Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, Naoyuki Yoshino, Yugo Inagaki, and Lilu Vandercamme. "Solar Module Price Determinants." In The Handbook of Energy Policy. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9680-0_25-1.

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Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, Naoyuki Yoshino, Yugo Inagaki, and Lilu Vandercamme. "Solar Module Price Determinants." In The Handbook of Energy Policy. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6778-8_25.

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Wang, Zhan. "The Role of Transportation Infrastructure Expansion in the Transmission of Global Crop Price Shocks to the Brazilian Agriculture." In SIMPLE-G. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68054-0_15.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss how crop production, land use, and carbon emissions in Brazil are influenced by the interaction of a global crop price shock with domestic transportation infrastructure investments. The grid-resolving feature of SIMPLE-G-Brazil provides a framework for simulating impacts from multiscale shocks and capturing the spatial heterogeneity and spillover effects of results within the country. First, we illustrate this research question with a simplified two-region economic framework, which provides qualitative implications of the interactive effects to be checked with SIMPLE-G-Brazil. Then, we introduce the model structure and data sources used in SIMPLE-G-Brazil and focus on the two new modules—a transportation cost module and a novel cropland supply module—that differentiate SIMPLE-G-Brazil from the basic SIMPLE-G framework. Simulation results indicate that farm-gate crop prices increase in response to an increase in global crop prices, boosting cropland and crop output. However, the rise in farm-gate crop prices hinges on the transportation cost from the farm to the port. Public investment in transport infrastructure reduces these costs, particularly for more remote locations. This reconfiguration of production has important implications for the environment.
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Osborne, Martin J., and Ariel Rubinstein. "Equilibrium with prices and expectations." In Models in Microeconomic Theory, 2nd ed. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0362.13.

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In the models of markets we have discussed so far, equilibrium prices make the individuals’ decisions compatible. Each individual takes the prices as given when deciding on his action, and at the equilibrium prices the demand and supply of every good are equal. In this chapter, an individual’s behavior is affected not only by the prices but also by his expectations regarding other parameters. Each individual takes these expectations, like the prices, as given. In equilibrium, each individual behaves optimally, the supply and demand for each good are equal, and the expectations of individuals are correct. We present three models. In the first model, each individual chooses one of two bank branches. His decision is affected only by his belief about the expected service time in each branch. In the second model, potential buyers of a used car, who cannot observe the quality of the cars for sale, take into account their expectation of the average quality of these cars as well as the price. In the third model, the unit cost of catching fish depends on the total amount of fish caught. Each fisher makes his decision taking as given both the price of fish and his expectation about the unit cost he will incur.
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Osborne, Martin J., and Ariel Rubinstein. "Equilibrium with prices and expectations." In Models in Microeconomic Theory, 2nd ed. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0361.13.

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In the models of markets we have discussed so far, equilibrium prices make the individuals’ decisions compatible. Each individual takes the prices as given when deciding on her action, and at the equilibrium prices the demand and supply of every good are equal. In this chapter, an individual’s behavior is affected not only by the prices but also by her expectations regarding other parameters. Each individual takes these expectations, like the prices, as given. In equilibrium, each individual behaves optimally, the supply and demand for each good are equal, and the expectations of individuals are correct. We present three models. In the first model, each individual chooses one of two bank branches. Her decision is affected only by her belief about the expected service time in each branch. In the second model, potential buyers of a used car, who cannot observe the quality of the cars for sale, take into account their expectation of the average quality of these cars as well as the price. In the third model, the unit cost of catching fish depends on the total amount of fish caught. Each fisher makes her decision taking as given both the price of fish and her expectation about the unit cost she will incur.
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Zhao, Jing, Hongzhen Ni, Xiujian Peng, Genfa Chen, Jifeng Li, and Jinhua Liu. "Water Subdivision Module and Its Application—Impact of Water Price Reform on Water Conservation and Economic Growth in China." In CHINAGEM—A Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of China: Theory, Data and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1850-8_12.

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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh. "A global vector autoregression model for softwood lumber trade." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0174.

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Abstract A novel econometric approach is developed in this chapter, namely, the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the country-level impacts of various domestic, foreign, and/or global shocks on softwood lumber trade. The GVAR approach is applied to Canada-U.S. trade in softwood lumber and used to analyze the effect of external shocks on Canadian lumber prices. Findings indicate that Canada's export prices are positively correlated to U.S. housing starts and real GDP. Further, using impulse response functions, it is used to examine the effects on regional lumber export prices in Canada of: (1) a change in U.S. housing starts; (2) a reduction in U.S. GDP by one standard deviation; (3) a COVID-19 induced decline in U.S. GDP (of three standard deviations); (4) an increase in global oil prices; and, in the Appendix, (5) an increase in the long-term interest rate. Price impacts vary a great deal by Canadian region depending on the type of shock, with the propagation mechanism in Alberta significantly different from that in other regions. For example, with an oil price shock and because Alberta is a major exporter of oil, the lumber export price remains high even as the shock dissipates over time.
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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh. "A global vector autoregression model for softwood lumber trade." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0008.

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Abstract A novel econometric approach is developed in this chapter, namely, the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the country-level impacts of various domestic, foreign, and/or global shocks on softwood lumber trade. The GVAR approach is applied to Canada-U.S. trade in softwood lumber and used to analyze the effect of external shocks on Canadian lumber prices. Findings indicate that Canada's export prices are positively correlated to U.S. housing starts and real GDP. Further, using impulse response functions, it is used to examine the effects on regional lumber export prices in Canada of: (1) a change in U.S. housing starts; (2) a reduction in U.S. GDP by one standard deviation; (3) a COVID-19 induced decline in U.S. GDP (of three standard deviations); (4) an increase in global oil prices; and, in the Appendix, (5) an increase in the long-term interest rate. Price impacts vary a great deal by Canadian region depending on the type of shock, with the propagation mechanism in Alberta significantly different from that in other regions. For example, with an oil price shock and because Alberta is a major exporter of oil, the lumber export price remains high even as the shock dissipates over time.
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Tayon, Wesley A., Marcia S. Domack, Eric K. Hoffman, and Stephen J. Hales. "Investigation of Abnormal Grain Growth in a Friction Stir Welded and Spin-Formed Al-Li Alloy 2195 Crew Module." In PRICM. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch133.

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Mekler, Philipp, and Jingshu Sun. "Pharma Tender Processes: Modeling Auction Outcomes." In Quantitative Models in Life Science Business. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11814-2_4.

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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the overall tendering and contracting process in the pharmaceutical industry by providing an overview of the first-sealed price auction theory, auction rules, and drug pricing mechanism of different countries. Comparing procurement systems across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America, the review casts light on various pharmaceutical bidding systems across the world and their impact on drug prices. Then, this review focuses on the empirical estimation of first-price auction models. In terms of model specification, we compare the two most commonly used empirical methods for bidding price estimation: structural models and reduced form approaches to test the auction theory. Maximum likelihood estimation is the most frequently used method for structural estimation in literature and selection bias correction is widely adopted using reduced form models. In addition to parametric model construction, we also provide an extensive introduction of non-parametric testing methodologies, including non-parametric estimation and quantile-based estimation to reduce the computation complexity and further illustrate how auction theory could be validated by real-world applications. Additional thoughts and adjustments on non-parametric testing are brought up based on a real-world tendering use case from a large multi-national pharmaceutical company.
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Conference papers on the topic "Module price"

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Kong, Xiangfu, Xiaofei Cong, Jian Wang, Yuying Gao, and Jiang Zhe. "Research on PV Module Price Prediction Based on VMD-LSTM." In 2024 3rd International Conference on Clean Energy Storage and Power Engineering (CESPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cespe64643.2024.00035.

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Laky, Daniel J., Radhakrishna Tumbalam Gooty, Tyler Jaffe, et al. "IDAES-PSE Software Tools for Optimizing Energy Systems and Market Interactions." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.137860.

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Modern power grids coordinate electricity production and consumption via multi-scale wholesale energy markets. Historically, levelized cost metrics were the de facto standard for techno-economic analyses of energy systems and comparison of technology options. However, these metrics neglect the complexity of energy infrastructure including the time-varying value of electricity. An emerging alternative is multi-period optimization, which considers the locational marginal price of electricity as input data (parameters). In this work, we present a general interface for multi-period optimization with time-varying energy prices to facilitate rapid analysis and comparison of potential energy systems models. The PriceTakerModel class is written in the IDAES�-PSE platform and allows users to generate a multi-period, price-taker model instance, as well as automatically generate common operational constraints for their model, such as start-up and shutdown. We show this interface successfully generates multi-period price-taker models, facilitates model discrimination, and aids in analyzing various technologies for deployment in unique energy markets.
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Almajed, Hussain M., Omar J. Guerra, Ana Somoza-Tornos, Wilson A. Smith, and Bri-Mathias Hodge. "The design and operational space of syngas production via integrated direct air capture with gaseous CO2 electrolysis." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.134920.

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The overarching goal of limiting the increase in global temperature to = 2.0� C likely requires both decarbonization and defossilization efforts. Direct air capture (DAC) and CO2 electrolysis stand out as promising technologies for capturing and utilizing atmospheric CO2. In this effort, we explore the details of designing and operating an integrated DAC-electrolysis process by examining some key parameters for economic feasibility. We evaluate the gross profit and net income to find the most appropriate capacity factor, average electricity price, syngas sale price, and CO2 taxes. Additionally, we study an optimistic scenario of CO2 electrolysis and perform a sensitivity analysis of the CO2 capture price to elucidate the impact of design decisions on the economic feasibility. Our findings underscore the necessity of design improvements of the CO2 electrolysis and DAC processes to achieve reasonable capacity factor and average electricity price limits. Notably, CO2 taxes and tax credits in the order of $400 per t-CO2 or greater are essential for the economic viability of the optimistic DAC-electrolysis route, especially at competitive syngas sale prices. This study serves as a foundation for further work on designing appropriate power system models that integrate well with the presented air-to-syngas route.
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Li, Mingrui, Douglas A. Allan, San Dinh, et al. "NMPC for Mode-Switching Operation of Reversible Solid Oxide Cell Systems." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.103553.

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Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are a promising dual-mode technology that generates hydrogen through high-temperature water electrolysis and generates power through a fuel cell reaction that consumes hydrogen. Reversible operation of SOCs requires a transition between these two modes for hydrogen production setpoints as the demand and price of electricity fluctuate. Moreover, a well-functioning control system is important to avoid cell degradation during mode-switching operation. In this work, we apply nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to an SOC module and supporting equipment and compare NMPC performance to classical proportional integral (PI) control strategies, while ramping between the modes of hydrogen and power production. While both control methods provide similar performance in many metrics, NMPC significantly reduces cell thermal gradients and curvatures (mixed spatial temporal partial derivatives) during mode switching. A dynamic process flowsheet of the reversible SOC system was developed in the open-source, equation-based IDAES modeling framework. Our IDAES dynamic simulation results show that NMPC can ramp the SOC system between hydrogen and power production targets within short mode switching times. Moreover, NMPC can comply with operating limits in the SOC system more effectively than PI, and only NMPC can directly enforce user-specified limits for mixed spatial temporal partial derivatives of temperature. This allows for management of the trade-off between operating efficiency and cell degradation, which is dependent on these temperature curvatures.
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Binti Wahi, Siti Kathijah, Zurina Binti Jamil, Nadiah Binti Muhammad, Ahmad Mustaza Bin Ahmad Rusli, M. Faris Bin Mawardi, and Mohd Farid Bin Rahmat Sam. "Expert Corrosion Design Basis Memorandum (E-CDBM)-Corrosion Digital Solution at Your Fingertips." In MECC 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/mecc2023-19866.

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Abstract The objective of the paper is to communicate on the development and commissioned of Web-Based Online Expert Corrosion Design Basis Memorandum (E-CDBM), an online solution to accelerate, simplify &amp; standardize CDBM development which has been piloted for Upstream Wellhead Platforms and Pipelines. CDBM is a project key document consisting of the design basis of material selection, corrosion control, testing and monitoring which is typically developed and approved manually. This digitalization initiative will take CDBM to a next level in designing corrosion features for upstream facilities in line with COMPANY aspiration of going digital. Phase 1 web based E-CDBM consists of eight sections which are General Input, Process Data and Design Basis, Internal Corrosion Assessment, External Corrosion Assessment, Materials Option, Corrosion Control, Corrosion Testing &amp; Monitoring, and Asset Register. Under Phase 2 enhancement, other modules to address Central Processing Platform (CPP), Subsea and Deepwater, Carbon Capture&amp; Storage (CCUS), Renewable Energy (Offshore Wind Turbine), Well’s casing and tubing, Underwater jacket anode optimization, Lesson Learn and Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) Module as well as Cost Engineering Module. Prior to the development of E-CDBM website, the first step is developing technical requirements and business logic spreadsheets. Eleven (11) internal and nine (9) external degradation mechanisms with regards to upstream facilities has been considered and the option for materials and corrosion control, testing and monitoring tools were populated. The user will be able to cross referred to the Lesson Learn and Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) module to check on the material performance based on actual operator’s experience. On top of that, for an economical material selection, user can calculate Life Cycle Cost (LCC) that considered Operational Expenditure (OPEX) as well as (CAPEX) from Cost Engineering Module that developed in collaboration with COMPANY Cost Engineering Department and Operation. E-CDBM will be connected to email for notification and the programming will enable online reports, comments, review, and approval. All the information will be stored in one place with a cloud system for easy access and retrieval. E-CDBM will enable data collection and future machine learning adaption where trending and data comparison can easily be conducted. E-CDBM will have the following features: (i)Stringent quality control, standardize format and fast report generation, (ii) Consistent and supervised technical approach and recommendation, (iii) Fit for purpose material selection, corrosion control, testing and monitoring, (iv) Incorporation of lesson learns and best practices from different project phase, (v) Effective tracking and approval for data changes &amp; deviation and (vi) Easy accessibility and secure online database with cloud system (vii) Integration to email server and Project Engineering Data Management System. From this E-CDBM initiative, work process simplification to develop CDBM will be achieved and resulting in 30% potential cost and manhour saving. In addition, a consistent technical approach and recommendation through E-CDBM will potentially incur cost avoidance by having fit-for-purpose materials, corrosion control, testing and monitoring tools as well as Price of Non-Conformance (PONC) avoidance for unplanned facilities modification/replacement. In summary, E-CDBM is an opportunity for COMPANY to develop inhouse capability and indirectly will raise oil and gas technology profile.
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Voigt, Frederic, Jose Alcarez Calero, Keshav Dahal, Qi Wang, Kai von Luck, and Peer Stelldinger. "Adapting Speech Models for Stock Price Prediction." In 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Cybernetics, Cognition and Machine Learning Applications (ICCCMLA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icccmla63077.2024.10871633.

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Marchisio, Emiliano. "PRICE INCREASES DURING THE PANDEMIA AND EU COMPETITION LAW." In International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18819.

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The debate about the “just price” has ancient origin and returns forcefully to the scene when, in the event of crises of various kinds, there is a rapid and significant increase in prices of given goods or services. In this article it is examined the problem of whether price increases of such a nature could, or should, be considered illicit under EU competition law. The central part of the article reviews different theories on what a “just price” should be and focuses on the idea that a price is “just” when it functions as index of relative scarcity in free markets. It is claimed that such a function deserves protection by EU law. Therefore, price adjustments in response to shocks cannot and should not be considered illegal: it is unacceptable to sanction private firms by attributing them the wrong of not having substituted, at their own expense, for the exercise of a public function (that of making sure that price increases do not put at risk solidarity and other constitutional principles).
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Yinghua Sung, Zhehui Wu, and Zhenkuan Pan. "A price fluctuation module in market oriented grid based on contract management." In 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct.2011.6157928.

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Myszka, David H., Mark A. Patterson, and James E. Globig. "A Low Cost Signal Conditioning Module for Mechanical Measurements." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14953.

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Mechanical and electronic engineering technology faculty members at the University of Dayton have collaborated on the design of a signal conditioning circuit board for a mechanical measurements laboratory. This board includes amplification and filters necessary to interface a low voltage output from analog sensors with a computer data acquisition system. Printed circuit boards were produced, with easy to understand connections. Multiple units were assembled at a cost of under $20 per board. The price of other commercially available signal conditioning modules is 10 to 20 times that amount. This paper will present the details of the design and performance assessment of the signal conditioning module.
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Lee, Jae Hak, Jun-Yeob Song, Chang-Woo Lee, Tae Ho Ha, and Yeong Sang Jeong. "Compact Assembly Machine for Cellular Phone Lens Module Using Self-Adjustment." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84170.

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Efficient alignment method using self-adjustment and lens aberration reduction method using several lenses with different orientation for cellular phone lens assembly are introduced to compensate for alignment error among lens parts and minimize lens aberration caused by lens defect in this work, respectively. Self-adjustment module has 2 degrees of freedom of translation motion and 3 degrees of freedom of rotation by porous air bearing and spring to compensate for alignment error automatically. The allowable alignment error and proper inserting force to assembly lens parts successfully was investigated and evaluated compared to conventional lens assembly machine and also optimum orientation of each lens to minimize lens aberration is examined through experiment. Self-adjustment module guarantees accurate arrangement of lens parts during assembly process in spite of alignment error so that remarkable price reduction and miniaturization of assembly machine could be achieved.
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Reports on the topic "Module price"

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Dogra, Keshav, Sebastian Heise, Edward S. Knotek, et al. Estimates of cost-price passthrough from business survey data. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202314.

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We examine businesses' price-setting practices via open-ended interviews and in a quantitative survey module with business contacts from the Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta, Cleveland, and New York in December 2022 and January 2023. Businesses indicated that their prices were strongly influenced by demand, a desire to maintain steady profit margins, and wages and labor costs. Survey respondents expected reduced growth in costs and prices of about 5 percent on average over the next year. Backward-looking, forward-looking, and hypothetical scenarios reveal average cost-price passthrough of around 60 percent, with meaningful heterogeneity across firms.
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Hoekstra, F. F., M. Poelman, P. Goglio, H. Jansen, and L. van den Bogaart. De echte prijs (true price) van mosselen : Echte en eerlijke prijs van duurzame producten – casus mosselen Module natuurlijk kapitaal (water, bodem en lucht). Wageningen Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/580692.

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Cortazar, Gonzalo, Cristobal Millard, Hector Ortega, and Eduardo Schwartz. Commodity Price Forecasts, Futures Prices and Pricing Models. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22991.

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Kurozumi, Takushi, and Willem Van Zandweghe. Firm Size, Heterogeneous Strategic Complementarities, and Real Rigidity. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202514.

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Recent research indicates substantial differences in price-setting behavior between small and large firms, as only large firms exhibit strategic complementarities in price setting. Using firm survey data, we present new evidence that the cost-price pass-through decreases with firm size. To examine the implications for inflation dynamics, we develop a DSGE model that features heterogeneous complementarities across firm size. While standard DSGE models with homogeneous firms generate real rigidity in relative prices, there is little such rigidity in our model. Heterogeneity in strategic complementarity by firm size weakens real rigidity because large firms that exhibit strategic complementarities bring their product prices in line with those of small firms that more fully pass through cost changes. Our findings challenge the notion of strategic complementarity as a source of real rigidity in DSGE models.
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Barsky, Robert, Christopher House, and Miles Kimball. Do Flexible Durable Goods Prices Undermine Sticky Price Models? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9832.

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L'Huillier, Jean-Paul, and Gregory Phelan. Can Supply Shocks Be Inflationary with a Flat Phillips Curve? Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202336.

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Not in standard models. With conventional pricing frictions, imposing a flat Phillips curve also imposes a price level that is rigid with respect to supply shocks. In the New Keynesian model, price markup shocks need to be several orders of magnitude bigger than other shocks in order to fit the data, leading to unreasonable assessments of the magnitude of the increase in costs during inflationary episodes. To account for the facts, we propose a strategic microfoundation of shock-dependent price stickiness: prices are sticky with respect to demand shocks but flexible with respect to supply shocks. This friction is demand-intrinsic, in line with narrative accounts for the imperfect adjustment of prices. Firms can credibly justify a price increase due to a rise in costs, whereas it is harder to do so when demand increases. Inflation from supply shocks is efficient and does not justify a monetary policy response.
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Filiz, Ibrahim, Jan René Judek, Marco Lorenz, and Markus Spiwoks. Einhorn, Yeti, Nessie und der neoklassische Markt – Legenden und empirische Evidenz. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783947850020.

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The neoclassical market model still has a decisive influence on important economic policy decisions today. A central role in this model is played by the formation of equilibrium prices, where aggregate supply functions and aggregate demand functions meet. We examine whether equilibrium prices are actually formed. For this purpose, we analyse 2,217 prices for homogeneous products that were collected by students between October 2020 and May 2022 in stationary and online retail. In 143 of 146 cases, no equilibrium price is found. The percentage price range is regularly over 100%. The presumed steering function of an equilibrium price does not materialise. The establishment of market mechanisms for the efficient solution of economic problems must therefore be questioned.
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Kim, Changmo, Ghazan Khan, Brent Nguyen, and Emily L. Hoang. Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1806.

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The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&amp;R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting pavement materials’ unit price. Additionally, the unit price records of the popular pavement materials were categorized by project size (small, medium, large, and extra-large). The critical variables were chosen after identifying their correlations, and the future values of each variable were predicted through time-series analysis. Multiple regression models using selected socio-economic variables were developed to predict the future values of pavement materials’ unit price. A case study was used to compare the results between the uniform unit prices in the current LCCA procedures and the unit prices predicted in this study. In LCCA, long-term prediction involves uncertainties due to unexpected economic trends and industrial demand and supply conditions. Economic recessions and a global pandemic are examples of unexpected events which can have a significant influence on variations in material unit prices and project costs. Nevertheless, the data-driven scientific approach as described in this research reduces risk caused by such uncertainties and enables reasonable predictions for the future. The statistical models developed to predict the future unit prices of the pavement materials through this research can be implemented to enhance the current LCCA procedure and predict more realistic unit prices and project costs for the future M&amp;R activities, thus promoting the most cost-effective alternative in LCCA.
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Dassanayake, Wajira, Chandimal Jayawardena, Iman Ardekani, and Hamid Sharifzadeh. Models Applied in Stock Market Prediction: A Literature Survey. Unitec ePress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12019.

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Stock market prices are intrinsically dynamic, volatile, highly sensitive, nonparametric, nonlinear, and chaotic in nature, as they are influenced by a myriad of interrelated factors. As such, stock market time series prediction is complex and challenging. Many researchers have been attempting to predict stock market price movements using various techniques and different methodological approaches. Recent literature confirms that hybrid models, integrating linear and non-linear functions or statistical and learning models, are better suited for training, prediction, and generalisation performance of stock market prices. The purpose of this review is to investigate different techniques applied in stock market price prediction with special emphasis on hybrid models.
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Loewenstein, Lara P., and Paul S. Willen. House Prices and Rents in the 21st Century. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202302.

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We study the joint evolution of prices and rents of residential property. We construct indices for both rents and prices of renter-occupied properties and for prices of owner-occupied properties. We then decompose the change in the price of occupant-owned property into three components: (1) changes in rent, (2) changes in the relative prices of investor- and occupant-owned properties, and (3) changes in the price-rent ratio. We use a simple model to link our decomposition to different sources of variation in house prices. We argue that while the 2000s boom was plausibly driven by exuberant expectations, the boom of the 2020s more likely resulted from a preference shock.
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