Academic literature on the topic 'Modular representation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Modular representation"

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Snaider, Javier, and Stan Franklin. "Modular Composite Representation." Cognitive Computation 6, no. 3 (January 23, 2014): 510–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12559-013-9243-y.

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Voskresenskaya, G. V. "Modular forms and group representation." Mathematical Notes 52, no. 1 (July 1992): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01247643.

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Chebolu, Sunil K., J. Daniel Christensen, and Ján Mináč. "Ghosts in modular representation theory." Advances in Mathematics 217, no. 6 (April 2008): 2782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2007.11.008.

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BRUNETTI, R., D. GUIDO, and R. LONGO. "MODULAR LOCALIZATION AND WIGNER PARTICLES." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 14, no. 07n08 (July 2002): 759–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x02001387.

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We propose a framework for the free field construction of algebras of local observables which uses as an input the Bisognano–Wichmann relations and a representation of the Poincaré group on the one-particle Hilbert space. The abstract real Hilbert subspace version of the Tomita–Takesaki theory enables us to bypass some limitations of the Wigner formalism by introducing an intrinsic spacetime localization. Our approach works also for continuous spin representations to which we associate a net of von Neumann algebras on spacelike cones with the Reeh–Schlieder property. The positivity of the energy in the representation turns out to be equivalent to the isotony of the net, in the spirit of Borchers theorem. Our procedure extends to other spacetimes homogeneous under a group of geometric transformations as in the case of conformal symmetries and of de Sitter spacetime.
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CHEN, IMIN, IAN KIMING, and GABOR WIESE. "ON MODULAR GALOIS REPRESENTATIONS MODULO PRIME POWERS." International Journal of Number Theory 09, no. 01 (November 13, 2012): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042112501254.

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We study modular Galois representations mod pm. We show that there are three progressively weaker notions of modularity for a Galois representation mod pm: We have named these "strongly", "weakly", and "dc-weakly" modular. Here, "dc" stands for "divided congruence" in the sense of Katz and Hida. These notions of modularity are relative to a fixed level M. Using results of Hida we display a level-lowering result ("stripping-of-powers of p away from the level"): A mod pm strongly modular representation of some level Npr is always dc-weakly modular of level N (here, N is a natural number not divisible by p). We also study eigenforms mod pm corresponding to the above three notions. Assuming residual irreducibility, we utilize a theorem of Carayol to show that one can attach a Galois representation mod pm to any "dc-weak" eigenform, and hence to any eigenform mod pm in any of the three senses. We show that the three notions of modularity coincide when m = 1 (as well as in other particular cases), but not in general.
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Kohls, Martin, and Müfi̇t Sezer. "Degree of reductivity of a modular representation." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 19, no. 03 (April 5, 2017): 1650023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199716500231.

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For a finite-dimensional representation [Formula: see text] of a group [Formula: see text] over a field [Formula: see text], the degree of reductivity [Formula: see text] is the smallest degree [Formula: see text] such that every nonzero fixed point [Formula: see text] can be separated from zero by a homogeneous invariant of degree at most [Formula: see text]. We compute [Formula: see text] explicitly for several classes of modular groups and representations. We also demonstrate that the maximal size of a cyclic subgroup is a sharp lower bound for this number in the case of modular abelian [Formula: see text]-groups.
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Le Bruyn, Lieven. "Bulk irreducibles of the modular group." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 15, no. 01 (September 7, 2015): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498816500067.

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As the 3-string braid group B3 and the modular group Γ are both of wild representation type one cannot expect a full classification of all their finite dimensional simple representations. Still, one can aim to describe 'most' irreducible representations by constructing for each d-dimensional irreducible component X of the variety iss n(Γ) classifying the isomorphism classes of semi-simple n-dimensional representations of Γ an explicit minimal étale rational map 𝔸d → X having a Zariski dense image. Such rational dense parametrizations were obtained for all components when n < 12 in [5]. The aim of the present paper is to establish such parametrizations for all finite dimensions n.
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PATTANAYAK, S. K. "ON SOME STANDARD GRADED ALGEBRAS IN MODULAR INVARIANT THEORY." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 13, no. 01 (August 20, 2013): 1350080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498813500801.

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For a finite-dimensional representation V of a finite group G over a field K we denote the graded algebra R ≔ ⨁d≥0 Rd; where Rd ≔ ( Sym d∣G∣V*)G. We study the standardness of R for the representations [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], where Vn denote the n-dimensional indecomposable representation of the cyclic group Cp over the Galois field 𝔽p, for a prime p. We also prove the standardness for the defining representation of all finite linear groups with polynomial rings of invariants. This is motivated by a question of projective normality raised in [S. S. Kannan, S. K. Pattanayak and P. Sardar, Projective normality of finite groups quotients, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.137(3) (2009) 863–867].
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Guzhov, Vladimir I., Ilya O. Marchenko, Ekaterina E. Trubilina, and Dmitry S. Khaidukov. "Comparison of numbers and analysis of overflow in modular arithmetic." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2021-3-75-86.

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The method of modular arithmetic consists in operating not with a number, but with its remainders after division by some integers. In the modular number system or the number system in the residual classes, a multi-bit integer in the positional number system is represented as a sequence of several positional numbers. These numbers are the remainders (residues) of dividing the original number into some modules that are mutually prime integers. The advantage of the modular representation is that it is very simple to perform addition, subtraction and multiplication operations. In parallel execution of operations, the use of modular arithmetic can significantly reduce the computation time. However, there are drawbacks to modular representation that limit its use. These include a slow conversion of numbers from modular to positional representation; the complexity of comparing numbers in modular representation; the difficulty in performing the division operation; and the difficulty of determining the presence of an overflow. The use of modular arithmetic is justified if there are fast algorithms for calculating a number from a set of remainders. This article describes a fast algorithm for converting numbers from modular representation to positional representation based on a geometric approach. The review is carried out for the case of a comparison system with two modules. It is also shown that as a result of increasing numbers in positional calculus, they successively change in a spiral on the surface of a two-dimensional torus. Based on this approach, a fast algorithm for comparing numbers and an algorithm for detecting an overflow during addition and multiplication of numbers in modular representation were developed. Consideration for the multidimensional case is possible when analyzing a multidimensional torus and studying the behavior of the turns on its surface.
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Friedlander, Eric M., and Brian J. Parshall. "Modular Representation Theory of Lie Algebras." American Journal of Mathematics 110, no. 6 (December 1988): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2374686.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modular representation"

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Rahm, Jonas. "Biologically plausible visual representation of modular decomposition." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-953.

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Modular decompositions of protein interaction networks can be used to identify modules of cooperating proteins. The biological plausibility off these modules might be questioned though. This report describes how a modular decomposition can be completed with semantic information in the visual representation. Possible methods for creating modules of functionally related proteins are also proposed in this work. The results show that such modules, with advantage can be combined with modules from a graph decomposition, to find proteins that are likely to cooperate to perform certain functions in organisms

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MacQuarrie, John William. "The modular representation theory of profinite groups." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496232.

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Our aim is to transfer many of the foundational results from the modular representation theory of finite groups to the wider context of profinite groups. We are thus interested in profinite modules over the completed group algebra k[[G]] of a profinite group G, where kc is a finite field of characteristic p. Our approach is as follows. We define the concept of relative projectivity for a profinite module over k[[G]] and prove a characterization analogous to the finite case with additions of interest to the pro and sources for indecomposable finitely generated k[[G]]-modules, extending several results known to hold in the finite case. For sources this requires additional assumptions. We prove a direct analogue of Green's Indecomposability Theorem for finitely generated modules over a virtually pro-p group, as well as a lesser known variant due to M.E. Harris. We give a version of the Green Correspondence for finitely generated modules over virtually pro-p groups.
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Rubio, y. Degrassi L. "On Hochschild cohomology and modular representation theory." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18406/.

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The aim of this thesis is to study local and global invariants in representation theory of finite groups using the (restricted) Lie algebra structure of the first degree of Hochschild cohomology of a block algebra B as a main tool. This lead to two directions: In the first part we investigate the global approach. In particular, we prove the compatibility of the p-power map under stable equivalence of Morita type of subclasses of the first Hochschild cohomology represented by integrable derivations. Further results in this aspect include an example showing that the p-power map cannot generally be expressed in terms of the BV operator. We also study some properties of r-integrable derivations and we provide a family of examples given by the quantum complete intersections where all the derivations are r-integrable. In the second part our attention is focused on the local invariants. More precisely, we fully characterise blocks B with unique isomorphism class of simple modules such that the first degree Hochschild cohomology HH1(B) is a simple as Lie algebra. In this case we prove that B is a nilpotent block with an elementary abelian defect group P of order at least 3 and HH1(B) is isomorphic to the Witt algebra HH1(kP).
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Martin, Stuart. "Quivers and the modular representation theory of finite groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:59d4dc72-60e5-4424-9e3c-650eb2b1d050.

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The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the rôle of certain types of quiver which appear in the modular representation theory of finite groups. It is our concern to study two different types of quiver. First of all we construct the ordinary quiver of certain blocks of defect 2 of the symmetric group, and then apply our results to the alternating group and to the theory of partitions. Secondly, we consider connected components of the stable Auslander-Reiten quiver of certain groups G with normal subgroup N. The main interest lies in comparing the tree class of components of N-modules, with the tree class of components of these modules induced up to G.
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Power, David James. "A library for parallel arithmetic using a modular representation." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341640.

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Carlisle, D. P. "The modular representation theory of GL(n,p) and applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374790.

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Suter, Rudolf. "First part: Representation rings and modular transformations ; Second part: Tensor products of simple Uq₍sl₂)-modules /." Zürich, 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10878.

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Hauge, Martin. "Triangulated categories in modular representation theory and their direct sum decompositions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723477.

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Dunn-Davies, Hywel. "A Diagrammatic Formalism for the Modular Representation of Agent Interaction Protocols." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511872.

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Wang, Tsomg-Niang 1953. "A modular prolog representation of a TCP protocol finite state machine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276580.

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This paper describes a Protocol Finite State Machine (PFSM) for implementing communication protocols. Our objective is to develop and implement a general model for communication protocols based on the principles of finite state machines and make the design of transport entity more modular and easier to maintain and modify. We have designed an inference method and knowledge representation, based on semantic networks, for implementing this model. We have added interactive capability and automatic error detection to check for invalid external events and other types of errors in our model. PFSM consists of one or more knowledge bases depicting the state machine model for each communication protocol, an inference engine that uses the knowledge base(s), a working memory, a knowledge acquisition subsystem to gather the data required to build the knowledge base(s), a dialog subsystem to conduct an interactive conversation with the user(s), and an explanation subsystem to explain the inferencing mechanism. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Books on the topic "Modular representation"

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Collins, Michael J., Brian J. Parshall, and Leonard L. Scott, eds. Modular Representation Theory of Finite Groups. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110889161.

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Schneider, Peter. Modular Representation Theory of Finite Groups. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4832-6.

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Schneider, Peter. Modular Representation Theory of Finite Groups. London: Springer London, 2013.

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Thévenaz, Jacques. G-algebras and modular representation theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.

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Local representation theory: Modular representations as an introduction to the local representation theory of finite groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Kitaoka, Y. Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00779-2.

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Erdmann, Karin. Blocks of tame representation type and related algebras. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Blocks of tame representation type and related algebras. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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W, Curtis Charles. Representation theory of finite groups and associative algebras. New York: Wiley, 1988.

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Iwasawa theory, projective modules, and modular representations. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Modular representation"

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Yang, Guilin, and I.-Ming Chen. "Modular Robot Representation." In Research on Intelligent Manufacturing, 19–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5007-9_3.

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Bergman, Michael K. "Modular, Expandable Typologies." In A Knowledge Representation Practionary, 207–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98092-8_10.

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Pitale, Ameya. "Integral Representation of the Standard L-Function." In Siegel Modular Forms, 83–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15675-6_10.

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Reeder, Mark. "Modular symbols and the Steinberg representation." In Cohomology of Arithmetic Groups and Automorphic Forms, 287–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0085734.

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Zimmermann, Alexander. "Some modular and local representation theory." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 51–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0096370.

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Mathas, Andrew. "The modular representation theory of ℋ." In Iwahori-Hecke Algebras and Schur Algebras of the Symmetric Group, 27–54. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/ulect/015/03.

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Andersen, Henning Haahr. "Quotient Categories of Modular Representations." In Representation Theory of Algebraic Groups and Quantum Groups, 1–16. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4697-4_1.

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Pitale, Ameya. "Local Representation Theory of $$\mathrm{GSp}_4({\mathbb Q}_p)$$." In Siegel Modular Forms, 49–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15675-6_7.

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Garcia, Alessandro, Christina Chavez, Thais Batista, Claudio Sant’anna, Uirá Kulesza, Awais Rashid, and Carlos Lucena. "On the Modular Representation of Architectural Aspects." In Software Architecture, 82–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11966104_7.

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Schneider, Peter. "Prerequisites in Module Theory." In Modular Representation Theory of Finite Groups, 1–41. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4832-6_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Modular representation"

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Lai, Xiaoxia, and John K. Gershenson. "DSM-Based Product Representation for Design Process Modularity." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49963.

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An appropriate modularity representation is of critical importance in modular design. Without an appropriate representation, modular design cannot realize its benefits. In this paper, a representation for DSM-based modular product design is developed that facilitates product modularization with respect to the design process. The representation is based upon previous work presented in this venue that details representations for the assembly and manufacturing processes (Lai and Gershenson, 2007a; Lai and Gershenson, 2007b). The representation for the design process includes a design process similarity matrix and a design process dependency matrix. The definition of design process similarity uses information available in early stage design and is based on the similarity of the design tools and resources required for later stage design. Design process similarity within a module leads to increased design efficiency from the sharing of functional and geometric analyses and possibly the savings of not needing to “un-immerse” from a particular design task to “re-immerse” in the design of the next component. The definition of design process dependency is based on the connectivity caused by components’ design process attributes with the goal of fewer design interactions between different modules. With zero dependencies between modules, we hope to contain the cascade of design changes within each module, and prevent the need to redesign other modules. In this paper, we first present which design process elements we should consider for defining design process similarity and dependency, and then construct respective similarity and dependency factors tables. These tables include similarity and dependency factors, which, along with their values, are important in determining a product’s modular architecture at the early stages of design. Finally, a computer mouse is used to illustrate how to apply these factors tables to generate the similarity and dependency matrices that represent product modularity for the product design process. Using these representations as input to the DSM-based modular design methods, we can achieve a design with a modular architecture that improves design efficiency in the later stages of design. In the future, we hope to extend and generalize the process for developing product modularity representations so that it is applicable across all life-cycle processes.
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Lai, Xiaoxia, and John K. Gershenson. "DSM-Based Product Representation for Retirement Process-Based Modularity." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87037.

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Researchers have expanded the definition of product modularity from function-based modularity to life-cycle process-based modularity. In parallel, measures of product modularity have been developed as well as corresponding modular product design methods. However, a correct modularity measure and modular design method are not enough to realize modular product design. To apply the measure and design method correctly, product representation becomes an important aspect of modular design and imperative for realizing the promised cost savings of modularity. In this paper, a representation for retirement process-based modular design has been developed. Built upon previous representations for assembly and manufacturing-based product design, the representation includes a process similarity matrix and a process dependency matrix. The retirement process-based similarity is based on the similarity in components’ post-life intents (recycling, reuse, disposal), and either the degree of their material compatibility if the components will be recycled, or their disassembly direction or disassembly tools if they need to be disassembled from each other for retirement. Process similarity within a module leads to increased process efficiency (the elimination of non-value added tasks) from the sharing of tooling/equipment. Retirement process-based dependency is developed based on disassembly difficulty, one aspect of the physical interactions between components. Retiring components together as a module to eliminate disassembly and differential processing and reducing the disassembly difficulty between the modules can increase the efficiency of the retirement process. We have first presented which process elements we should consider for defining retirement process similarity and dependency, and then constructed the respective similarity and dependency factors tables. These tables include similarity and dependency factors, which, along with their quantifications, are used to determine a product’s modular architecture to facilitate the retirement process. Finally, a fishing reel is used to illustrate how to apply these factors tables to generate the similarity and dependency matrices that represent a product for retirement-process based modular design. Using these representations as input to the DSM-based modular design methods, we can achieve a design with a modular architecture that improves the retirement process efficiency and reduces retirement costs.
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Malakuti, Somayeh, and Mehmet Aksit. "Emergent gummy modules: modular representation of emergent behavior." In the 2014 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2658761.2658764.

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Bettig, Bernhard, and John K. Gershenson. "Module Interface Representation." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99554.

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Modular design issues are receiving increased attention by companies interested in reducing costs from carrying large numbers of components while at the same time increasing product quality and providing customers with greater product variety. Existing research has mainly focused on optimizing product platforms and product offerings, with little attention being given to the interfaces between modules. This research presents an investigation into how module interfaces are best represented in a CAD/PDM environment. The representation decisions are identified and advantages and limitations for each option are presented. Representation decisions revolve around issues such as the use of higher abstraction models, the use of ports, and referencing interface components in interface definitions. We conclude that higher abstraction models are necessary, ports should be represented explicitly, and interface hardware should not be included directly with interfaces. The research considers a large number of components from representative products offered by a home appliance manufacturer.
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Lai, Xiaoxia, and John K. Gershenson. "Representation of Similarity and Dependency for Manufacturing Process-Based Product Modularity." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35120.

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Previously in this forum, we validated a product modularity measure and modular product design method and developed a way to extend these product modularity fundamentals to encompass the impacts of assembly process similarity and dependency. This paper expands the life-cycle process-based modularity representation to the manufacturing process and beyond. Modularity representation, including similarity and dependency, is an important aspect of modular product design and it is imperative for realizing the promised cost savings of modularity. The component-component similarity matrix is used to cluster components with similar manufacturing processes into one module. Similarities are based on component processing codes that represent their manufacturing attributes. Clustering these manufacturing process similarities leads to cost savings through module-wide sharing of process plans, manufacturing tools, and equipment, and the reduction of manufacturing tool and equipment changes during manufacturing. The component-component dependency matrix is based on physical interactions among the components that affect the material, shape, size, surface finish etc. of the components, and therefore affect the component manufacturing processes. If components are independent of other components not in the same module with respect to these physical interactions, the redesign of components in one module will not cause a cascade of design and manufacturing process plan changes for components not in the same module. A fishing reel example is used to illustrate the application of manufacturing process similarity and dependency representations, in association with a product modularity measure and a modular product design method, to form manufacturing process-based component modules. The work in this paper establishes how to represent manufacturing process similarity and dependency for use in product modularity decision making. The use of such modules improves the efficiency of manufacturing process planning, and reduces design and manufacturing process costs.
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Zeigler, Bernard P. "Hierarchical modular modeling/knowledge representation." In the 18th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/318242.318280.

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Parque, Victor, and Tomoyuki Miyashita. "Numerical Representation of Modular Graphs." In 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac.2018.00136.

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Watanabe, Chihiro, Kaoru Hiramatsu, and Kunio Kashino. "Modular representation of autoencoder networks." In 2017 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2017.8280859.

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Veligosha, A. V., N. Yu Bratchenko, D. I. Kaplun, D. M. Klionskiy, V. V. Gulvanskiy, and D. V. Bogaevskiy. "Data representation in the modular code." In 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2017.8261782.

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Yuan-Ping Luh, Chih-Chin Pan, and Jian-Wei Su. "A study on modular design representation." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2007.4419408.

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Reports on the topic "Modular representation"

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Dua, Shelley, Andrew Clark, Monica Ruiz-Garcia, Simon Bond, Stephen Durham, Ian Kimber, Clare Mills, et al. The effect of sleep deprivation and exercise on reaction threshold in peanut-allergic adults: a randomised controlled study. Food Standards Agency, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.vjv675.

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This was a randomised cross-over trial that investigated whether common extrinsic factors, such as exercise and sleep deprivation can modulate the threshold of responses to allergenic foods in a representative group of adults from the peanut allergic population.
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Backstrom, Robert, and David Dini. Firefighter Safety and Photovoltaic Systems Summary. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/kylj9621.

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Abstract:
Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Fire Prevention and Safety Research Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service concerns of photovoltaic (PV) systems. These concerns include firefighter vulnerability to electrical and casualty hazards when mitigating a fire involving photovoltaic (PV) modules systems. The need for this project is significant acknowledging the increasing use of photovoltaic systems, growing at a rate of 30% annually. As a result of greater utilization, traditional firefighter tactics for suppression, ventilation and overhaul have been complicated, leaving firefighters vulnerable to potentially unrecognized exposure. Though the electrical and fire hazards associated with electrical generation and distribution systems is well known, PV systems present unique safety considerations. A very limited body of knowledge and insufficient data exists to understand the risks to the extent that the fire service has been unable to develop safety solutions and respond in a safe manner. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the hazards associated with PV installations. This data provides the foundation to modify current or develop new firefighting practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. A functioning PV array was constructed at Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL to serve as a test fixture. The main test array consisted of 26 PV framed modules rated 230 W each (5980 W total rated power). Multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of power isolation techniques and the potential hazard from contact of typical firefighter tools with live electrical PV components. Existing fire test fixtures located at the Delaware County Emergency Services Training Center were modified to construct full scale representations of roof mounted PV systems. PV arrays were mounted above Class A roofs supported by wood trusses. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first series represented a room of content fire, extending into the attic space, breaching the roof and resulting in structural collapse. Three PV technologies were subjected to this fire condition – rack mounted metal framed, glass on polymer modules, building integrated PV shingles, and a flexible laminate attached to a standing metal seam roof. A second series of experiments was conducted on the metal frame technology. These experiments represented two fire scenarios, a room of content fire venting from a window and the ignition of debris accumulation under the array. The results of these experiments provide a technical basis for the fire service to examine their equipment, tactics, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of potential electrical shock hazard from PV installations during and after a fire event.
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3

Backstrom, Robert, and David Backstrom. Firefighter Safety and Photovoltaic Installations Research Project. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/viyv4379.

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Abstract:
Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Fire Prevention and Safety Research Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service concerns of photovoltaic (PV) systems. These concerns include firefighter vulnerability to electrical and casualty hazards when mitigating a fire involving photovoltaic (PV) modules systems. The need for this project is significant acknowledging the increasing use of photovoltaic systems, growing at a rate of 30% annually. As a result of greater utilization, traditional firefighter tactics for suppression, ventilation and overhaul have been complicated, leaving firefighters vulnerable to potentially unrecognized exposure. Though the electrical and fire hazards associated with electrical generation and distribution systems is well known, PV systems present unique safety considerations. A very limited body of knowledge and insufficient data exists to understand the risks to the extent that the fire service has been unable to develop safety solutions and respond in a safe manner. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the hazards associated with PV installations. This data provides the foundation to modify current or develop new firefighting practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. A functioning PV array was constructed at Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL to serve as a test fixture. The main test array consisted of 26 PV framed modules rated 230 W each (5980 W total rated power). Multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of power isolation techniques and the potential hazard from contact of typical firefighter tools with live electrical PV components. Existing fire test fixtures located at the Delaware County Emergency Services Training Center were modified to construct full scale representations of roof mounted PV systems. PV arrays were mounted above Class A roofs supported by wood trusses. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first series represented a room of content fire, extending into the attic space, breaching the roof and resulting in structural collapse. Three PV technologies were subjected to this fire condition – rack mounted metal framed, glass on polymer modules, building integrated PV shingles, and a flexible laminate attached to a standing metal seam roof. A second series of experiments was conducted on the metal frame technology. These experiments represented two fire scenarios, a room of content fire venting from a window and the ignition of debris accumulation under the array. The results of these experiments provide a technical basis for the fire service to examine their equipment, tactics, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of potential electrical shock hazard from PV installations during and after a fire event.
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4

Armstrong, Dr Beth, Lucy King, Ayla Ibrahimi, Robin Clifford, and Mark Jitlal. Food and You 2: Northern Ireland Wave 3-4 Key Findings. Food Standards Agency, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ybe946.

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Food and You 2 is a biannual representative sample survey, recognised as an official statistic, commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA). The survey measures self-reported consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in Wales, England, and Northern Ireland. Food and You 2 uses a methodology, known as ‘push-to-web’, which is primarily carried out online. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 3 (Opens in a new window) was conducted between 28th April and 25th June 2021. A total of 6,271 adults from 4,338 households across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland completed the survey. A total of 1,626 adults in Northern Ireland completed the survey. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 4 was conducted between 18th October 2021 and 10th January 2022. A total of 5,796 adults from 4,026 households across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland completed the survey. A total of 1,575 adults in Northern Ireland completed the survey. The modules presented in this report include ‘Food you can trust’, ‘Concerns about food’, ’Food security’, ‘Eating out and takeaways’, ‘Food allergies, intolerances and other hypersensitivities’, ‘Eating at home’, ‘Food shopping and labelling’ and ‘Healthy eating’. Findings presented in this report refer to data collected in Northern Ireland unless otherwise specified.
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5

Armstrong, Dr Beth, Lucy King, Ayla Ibrahimi, Robin Clifford, and Mark Jitlal. Food and You 2: Wales Wave 1-2 Key Findings. Food Standards Agency, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tgd448.

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Abstract:
Food and You 2 is a biannual representative sample survey, recognised as an official statistic, commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA). The survey measures selfreported consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in Wales, England, and Northern Ireland. Food and You 2 uses a methodology, known as ‘push-to-web’, which is primarily carried out online. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 1 was conducted between 29th July and 6th October 2020. In Wales, 2,100 adults from 1,579 households completed the survey, with 68% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 9,319 adults from 6,408 households across Wales, England, and Northern Ireland completed the survey. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 2 was conducted between 20th November 2020 and 21st January 2021. In Wales, 1,366 adults from 1,042 households completed the survey, with 67% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 5,900 adults from 3,955 households across Wales, England, and Northern Ireland completed the survey. This survey was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic and so it records the reported attitudes and behaviours under unusual circumstances which have had a significant impact on how and where people buy and eat food, and on levels of household food insecurity. The modules presented in this report include ‘Food we can trust’, ‘Concerns about food’, ’Food security’, ‘Food shopping’, ‘Eating out and takeaways’, ‘Food hypersensitivities’ and ‘Eating at home’. Findings presented in this report refer to data collected in Wales unless otherwise specified.
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6

Armstrong, Dr Beth, Lucy King, Ayla Ibrahimi, Robin Clifford, and Mark Jitlal. Food and You 2: Northern Ireland. Wave 1-2 Key Findings. Food Standards Agency, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.pgo256.

Full text
Abstract:
Food and You 2 is a biannual representative sample survey, recognised as an official statistic, commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA). The survey measures selfreported consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in Wales, England, and Northern Ireland. Food and You 2 uses a methodology, known as ‘push-to-web’, which is primarily carried out online. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 1 was conducted between 29th July and 6th October 2020. In Northern Ireland, 2,079 adults from 1,389 households completed the survey, with 57% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 9,319 adults from 6,408 households across Northern Ireland, Wales, and England completed the survey. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 2 was conducted between 20th November 2020 and 21st January 2021. In Northern Ireland, 1,566 adults from 997 households completed the survey, with 60% of respondents completing the survey online. A total of 5,900 adults from 3,955 households across Northern Ireland, Wales, and England completed the survey. This survey was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic and so it records the reported attitudes and behaviours under unusual circumstances which have had a significant impact on how and where people buy and eat food, and on levels of household food insecurity. The modules presented in this report include ‘Food we can trust’, ‘Concerns about food’, ’Food security’, ‘Food shopping’, ‘Eating out and takeaways’, ‘Food hypersensitivities’ and ‘Eating at home’. Findings presented in this report refer to data collected in Northern Ireland unless otherwise specified.
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