Dissertations / Theses: 'Modisti'

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Tafuri, Silvio. "Intentiones e significationes. La filosofia della grammatica dei modisti." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/148.

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2009 - 2010 The aim of this thesis is to offer a global and theoretical reconstructions of the grammatical speculative of the Modistae. Medieval speculative grammar is a theory that grew out of the schoolmens work with ancient Latin grammar, but with a new approach. There is a double consideration of the linguistics facts: a grammatical and logical one. This autors tried to give a theoretical frame work based on expressly formulated premises. This theory has been labeled “modistic” froma the concept of modus significandi. In the first part of my work a try to give a briefly roundup on the most important critical works with the aims to explore the reasons why the storiography used the categories of modistae and speculative grammar. In the central part I give a reconstruction of the modistic theory of grammar. The most important factor for the development of this theory is the recovery of the whole Aristotelian corpus, especially the Posterior Analitics, the Metaphisics and the De Anima, with their strong requirements for the construction for the construction of a scientific theory and their more complex semantic doctrines based on an elaborate epistemological foundation. Since vocal expressions differ from one language to another, they cannot constituite the true objects of grammar. The obvious place to look for universal features of language is in the semantic component, but it is not the meanings of the individual words which prove to be relevant to the grammarian. But a different form of sinfication that Modistae call modi significandi. When the grammarians wanted to raise the course of grammar they try to collect it with the medieval status of the science. It was accordingly determined to be a speculative and auxiliary science: speculative because its goal was not to teach language but to describe and explain the nature anfd organization of the language (in this case Latin) as the most important and convenient vehicle of communication; auxiliary because grammar, like logic, was not directly concerned with the world, but with the reflection of it in our decription. In the final part of the work I give some introductory remarks on the problem of intentionality in the last decades of XIII century – and particularly on the Modistic doctrine of intentiones. In the last years many scholars have faced the problem of intentionality in the Middle Ages, but very few studies have been dedicated to the modistic theory of intentiones. The Modistae, a group of Masters who taught Logic and Grammar in Paris in the second half of XIII Century –, maintained a very original theory of intentionality: in other contexts and in other authors, the intentiones were either a psychological-ontological content of the knowledge’s theory (the so called species theory), or the mind’s capacity to tend towards things. In the modistic theory there is a double approach to the problem of intentiones: a psycho-logical approach and a linguistic one, according to their tendency to melt the respective limits of Logic and Grammar. That is why we can call the approach of the Modistae, to the theory of intentionality, a Semantical approach. A part of this section is dedicated to the origin of the concept (from the Aristotelian and Arabic logic) of intentio. In the Aristotelian works De interpretatione and De Anima, through their Latin and Arabic translations/commentaries,- many authors had seen the origin of the concept, but in these two books there is also the beginning of many problems (in connection with intentionality), which were handed on from author to author until the end of the Middle Ages, such as the nature of the passiones animae and the species. These problems were also discussed by the Modistae who gave an original answer to the question of the nature of intentiones, on which focuses the subsequent part of my paper. Definitely, intentio, for the Modistae, is something like a processio through which a thing, outside the mind, is intellecta and then expressed by a word.[a cura dell'autore] IX n.s.

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Dengo, Normélio. "Universidades corporativas : modismo ou inovação ?" reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2160.

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Este trabalho busca identificar e analisar algumas bases teórico-empíricas que sustentam o modelo de Universidade Corporativa, bem como descrever a imagem da Universidade Corporativa perante a mídia especializada. Busca, igualmente, verificar se seus procedimentos estão alinhados com o conceito proposto por Meister (1999). Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que apresenta dez exemplos ilustrativos acerca de como estão se caracterizando a implantação e o desenvolvimento da Universidade Corporativa, bem como um estudo de caso em uma empresa do setor financeiro. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as Universidades Corporativas, implantadas ou em fase de implantação no Brasil, caracterizam-se, essencialmente, como unidades internas de educação que sistematizam o treinamento e promovem o desenvolvimento em moldes que não se distanciam, de todo, dos centros de Treinamento & Desenvolvimento. Do modo como se apresentam, as Universidades Corporativas encontram-se distantes, inclusive, da proposta teórica apresentada por Meister (1999), configurando-se mais como um modismo do que como inovação.

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Henriksson, Ronny, Tomas Rehn, and Erik Strömberg. "Modigt eller fegt? : Individuellt krisstöd." Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27345.

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Polisyrket är ett högriskyrke vad gäller våld och hot. Bakgrunden till detta arbete är vårt eget intresse i ämnet individuellt krisstöd och att ge läsaren en inblick i vilka metoder som används vid krishantering. Vi vill också påvisa de följdverkningar som kan uppkomma om en polis inte får adekvat hjälp efter en traumatisk händelse. Bearbetas dessa upplevelser på ett rationellt sätt så kan resultatet bli en polis som utför sitt arbete på ett förtjänstfullt sätt, vilket gagnar alla i samhället. Vårt arbete bygger till stor del på de handlingsplaner vi studerat från Jämtlands respektive Västerbottens läns polismyndighet. Utöver dessa handlingsplaner har vi genom litteraturstudier inhämtat kunskap som är relevant för ämnet, vi har även samtalat med debriefinghandledare för att få en syn på hur debriefing går till. Resultatet av arbetet är att båda myndigheterna har dokumenterade handlingsplaner för debriefing, där det beskrivs när det är befogat och på vilket sätt som debriefingen skall genomföras. Ingen av myndigheterna har däremot någon förutbestämd plan för hur den enskilde polisen skall beredas någon ytterligare hjälp. Vad som framkommit i arbetet är att individuell debriefing vid skrivandet av detta arbete inte är högt prioriterat på myndigheterna. Det kan kanske förklaras genom att debriefing i grupp har den effekt som önskas, eller så kan det vara så att det inte är ekonomiskt försvarbart.

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Riffel, Melanie Giacobbo. "Crowdfunding: de modismo a novo instrumento financeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16380.

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Submitted by Melanie Giacobbo Riffel (melariffel@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-08T21:19:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Crowdfunding De Modismo a Novo Instrumento Financeiro.pdf: 2029271 bytes, checksum: af1f85c42ea7ab56c4b69cf07e0748a7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-04-13T13:32:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Crowdfunding De Modismo a Novo Instrumento Financeiro.pdf: 2029271 bytes, checksum: af1f85c42ea7ab56c4b69cf07e0748a7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-04-14T12:39:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Crowdfunding De Modismo a Novo Instrumento Financeiro.pdf: 2029271 bytes, checksum: af1f85c42ea7ab56c4b69cf07e0748a7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-14T12:40:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Crowdfunding De Modismo a Novo Instrumento Financeiro.pdf: 2029271 bytes, checksum: af1f85c42ea7ab56c4b69cf07e0748a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 This thesis aims to evaluate the attractiveness to the small Brazilian investor, from a financial point of view, of a new form of investment, based on characteristics of the Brazilian crowdfunding model and of traditional investment tools, to be called crowdinvesting. Supported by the detailed understanding of the existing crowdfunding model in the country and the identification and mapping of the characteristics of traditional investment instruments, this study seeks to define how the new form of investment would work and examine whether, in comparison with traditional tools, in terms of risk and return, the crowdinvesting model would be competitive in the Brazilian market. Essa dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar a atratividade para o pequeno investidor brasileiro, do ponto de vista financeiro, de uma nova forma de investimento, definida a partir de características do modelo brasileiro de crowdfunding e das ferramentas de investimento tradicionais, a ser chamada de crowdinvesting. A partir do entendimento detalhado do modelo de crowdfunding existente no país e da identificação e mapeamento das características dos instrumentos de investimento tradicionais, esse estudo busca definir como deve funcionar a nova forma de investimento proposta, e analisar se, em comparação com as ferramentas tradicionais, em termos de risco e retorno, o crowdinvesting seria competitivo no mercado brasileiro.

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Kutzner, Kendy. "Processing MODIS Data for Fire Detection in Australia Verarbeitung von MODIS Daten zur Feuererkennung in Australien /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10358966.

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Moepi, Gaamele Francina. "Omphile Umphi Modise : diteng le dimelo tsa baanelwabagolo (Setswana)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26106.

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This study examines D.P.S Monyaise’s short story titled Omphile Umphi Modise which were scrutinized by Mogapi (1992), Pretorius (1990), Manyaka (1992), Shole (1997) and Malimabe (1998). Their investigation did not only focus on the content of the short story, but also concentrated on the structure and style of the author. When scrutinizing Omphile Umphi Modise, the focus mainly falls on content and characterization of the characters. This research is based on an adopted narratological model, which is used by Groenewald (1993) and Mojalefa (1994).. When investigating the content, emphasis is put on the topic as a theme and part of the plot, which is imperative in the analysis of Omphile Umphi Modise. Two terms which are to define and describe are used to explain and unravel ideas that were used by the writer to simplify the problems a reader would encounter in this investigation. When analyzing the content as theory, the following four elements are noticed: characters, events, time and place. Another important aspect on the level of content is the division of the characters into two subgroups, namely quarrelsome and kindhearted.. In Omphile Umphi Modise, the kindhearted is Motlalepule, while the quarrelsome is rraModise who blatantly refuses to see Motlalepule’s good side. These two characters are described by the following: intention, patronage abilities, success and resistance. The investigation explains that the theme, which is ‘keeping a secret can lead to one’s doom’, is the one that connects the events and the plot, with the intention of highlighting the message to attract the reader. Design is one of the most important aspects of the plot. It is herewithin divided into two sections which highlight the characterization of the protagonist and antagonist as well as the revelation of the aspect of tragedy in Omphile Umphi Modise. The characters are divided into two sections, namely main and minor characters. The main characters are the protagonist, the antagonist and the tritagonist. The antagonist in Omphile Umphi Modise is rraModise/Mosimane yo o tedu tsebeng/ tedu tsa katse who is portrayed to be evil because he mandated Thandi, a minor character, to put drugs in the tea Motlalepule was about to drink, and sadly ended up drinking it herself. After she was drugged, mosimane yo tedu tsebeng/tedu tsa katse raped and impregnated her. The writer uses techniques to explain the personality traits of the characters. He employs a distinguishing technique to highlight personality traits of Motlalepule which are beauty, misfortune, suffering, and poverty. These are explained by the following techniques: focus, differentiation, conflict, use of the possessive, use of the adjective form, point of view, use of diminutive form, exaggeration, use of the pronoun, use of idioms, proverbs and, similes and omission. Differentiation is employed to highlight leadership as a personality trait of the antagonist, mosimane yo o tedu tsebeng/ tedu tsa katse/rraModise is which is explained by two techniques: indicative mood and point of view. AFRIKAANS : In hierdie ondersoek word D.P.S Monyaise se kortverhaal getiteld Omphile Umphi Modise ontleed. Dié kortverhaal is krities ontleed deur Mogapi (1992), Pretorius (1990), Manyaka (1992), Shole (1997) en Malimabe (1998). Hulle ondersoeke het nie slegs die inhoud van die kortverhaal betrek nie, maar het ook op die struktuur van die kortverhaal en die styl van die skrywer gefokus. Met die ontleding van Omphile Umphi Modise, word daar gekonsentreer op twee aspekte, naamlik inhoud en karaktarisering van die karakters. Hierdie navorsing word gebaseer op die aangenome narratologiese model wat gebruik word deur Mojalefa (1994) en Groenewald (1993).. Wanneer die inhoud ondersoek word, word daar klem gelê op die onderwerp as ‘n tema en as deel van die plot, wat van belang is in die analise van Omphile Umphi Modise. Idees wat deur die skrywer gebruik is om die probleme van die leser ten opsigte van die verstaan van die ondersoek te vereenvoudig, word twee terme naamlik en defineer en te interpreteer verduidelik en geanaliseer. Wanneer die inhoud as teorie ontleed word, word die volgende vier elemente betrek: karakters, gebeure, tyd en plek. ‘n Ander belangrike aspek is die vlak van inhoud – die karakters word in twee subgroepe verdeel, naamlik. antagonis en protagonis. In Omphile Umphi Modise, is Motlalepule die protagonis, terwyl rraModise die antagonis is wat blatant weier om Motlalepule se goeie kant raak te sien. Hierdie twee karakters word beskryf deur intensie, vermoë, sukses en teenstand. Die ondersoek verduidelik dat die tema ‘om ‘n geheim te hou wat tot ‘n mens se ondergang kan lei’, die een is wat gebeure en plot koppel, met die doel om die boodskap uit te lig om sodoende die leser te interesseer. Ontwerp is een van die belangrikste aspekte van die plot. Dit word onderverdeel in twee afdelings wat die karakterisering van die protagonis en antagonis, sowel as die tragedieaspek van Omphile Umphi Modise beklemtoon. Die karakters word in twee groepe verdeel, naamlik. hoofkarakters en newekarakters. Die hoofkarakters is die protagonis, die antagonis en die tritagonis. Die antagonis in Omphile Umphi Modise is rraModise/Mosimane wa tedu tsebeng/ tedu tsa katse wat uitgebeeld word as boos, omdat hy Thandi, ‘n newekarakter, oorreed het om ‘n dwelmmiddel in Motlalepule se tee te gooi, en dit toe self gedrink het. Nadat sy bedwelm is, het mosimane yo tedu tsebeng/tedu tsa katse haar verkrag en swanger gemaak. Die skrywer gebruik verskillende tegnieke om die persoonlikheidskenmerke van die karakters uit te beeld. Hy gebruik ‘n spesifieke tegniek om die persoonlikheidskenmerke van Motlalepule uit te lig, naamlik skoonheid, ongeluk, swaarkry en armoede. Hierdie kenmerke word uitgelig deur die volgende tegnieke: fokus, differensiasie, konflik, die possessiewe vorm die adjektiewe vorm, perspektief, die diminutiewe vorm,, oordrywing, die gebruik van die voornaamwoord, die gebruik van idiome, spreekwoorde en vergelykings en elisie. Differensiasie is gebruik om leierskap as ‘n persoonlikheidskenmerk van die antagonis, mosimane yo o tedu tsebeng/ tedu tsa katse/rraModise uit te lig en wat verder verduidelik word deur twee tegnieke naamlik indikatiewe modus en perspektief. Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. African Languages unrestricted

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Leeuwen, Alexandra van 1982. "O canto feminino na América Portuguesa : diálogos e intersecções na representação colonial de La modista raggiratrice de Paisiello." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285287.

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Orientadores: Edmundo Pacheco Hora, Adriana Giarola Kayama Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T21:11:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leeuwen_Alexandravan_D.pdf: 61130594 bytes, checksum: 502a385dcc8ddbd2ef2bc5bef247b314 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 Resumo: A significativa presença de mulheres mulatas no meio musical do Brasil Colônia e sua atuação profissional contrastante à participação dos castrati no cenário lusitano, inspirou-nos a propor um estudo específico relacionado às mulheres no ambiente lírico-musical carioca, a fim de identificar as particularidades de sua presença segundo as informações contidas nos manuscritos musicais da época. Em um primeiro momento, contextualizamos a presença feminina nas artes, considerando uma leitura interdisciplinar. Num segundo, tivemos por foco a atividade no Teatro de Manuel Luís ¿ Casa da Ópera carioca também conhecida por Ópera Nova, ou ainda, Real Theatro ou Teatro Régio, cujo período de funcionamento remete às últimas décadas do XVIII até o ano de 1813 ¿ e, mais especificamente, o seu repertório. Estudos recentes permitiram identificar a utilização em terras coloniais de manuscritos de música dramática luso-brasileira pertencentes ao fundo musical da Biblioteca do Paço Ducal de Vila Viçosa (Portugal). Este material ¿ possivelmente depositado no palácio da família Bragança após o retorno de D. João VI a terras lusitanas em 1821 ¿ inclui óperas italianas, música de comédias, entremezes/farças e obras ocasionais, dentre os quais destacamos os manuscritos da ópera La modista raggiratrice, de , devido às informações únicas quanto à execução no teatro carioca. Por meio de um estudo analítico destes manuscritos e considerações relacionadas à ornamentação e questões técnico-vocais, buscamos delimitar a atuação das cantoras no teatro carioca no período proposto não somente como coadjuvantes, mas como agentes transformadoras da estética musical à época na colônia. Incluímos a transcrição dos números musicais da ópera La modista... nos quais há participação de personagens femininas, conforme a sua execução no teatro carioca pelas intérpretes Joaquina Lapinha, Maria Candida e Francisca ¿ três das cantoras/atrizes do Teatro de Manuel Luís Abstract: The significant presence of mulatto women in the music of Colonial Brazil and her professional activity in contrast to participation of castrati in the Lusitanian scene inspired us to propose this specific study. Therefore, this research looks into the women in Rio de Janeiro¿s lyrical-musical environment in order to identify the particularities of their presence according to the information contained in the musical manuscripts of the period. Initially, we contextualized the female presence in the arts, taking into consideration an interdisciplinary reading. Afterwards, we focused on the activity at the Theatre of Manuel Luís ¿ Casa da Ópera also known as the Ópera Nova, or even Royal Theatre or Teatro Régio, operating from the last decades of the eighteenth century until the year of 1813 ¿ and more specifically, its repertoire. Recent studies have identified the use of Luso-Brazilian dramatic music manuscripts in colonial lands belonging to the Ducal Palace¿s Library at Vila Viçosa (Portugal). This material ¿ possibly deposited in Bragança family¿s palace after the return of D. João VI to the Lusitanian lands in 1821 ¿ includes Italian operas, music comedies, entremezes/farças and other occasional works, among which we selected the manuscripts of the opera La modista raggiratrice, composed by Giovanni Paisiello (1740-1816), due to the unique information related to its performance on the Carioca stage. We also developed an analytical study of these manuscripts and made some considerations in regard to ornamentation and technical-vocal issues, seeking to define the role of the female singers in the Carioca stage in the proposed period not only as supportive musicians, but rather as transformative agents of musical aesthetics in the Colony. We include the transcription of the musical numbers from the opera La modista..., in which there are female characters, according to the Colonial performance given by the female singers Joaquina Lapinha, Maria Candida and Francisca ¿ three of the singers/actresses of the Theatre of Manuel Luís Doutorado Praticas Interpretativas Doutora em Música

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Cahyono, Bowo Eko. "Monitoring Fire over Indonesia Using MODIS Data." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/48464.

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Fire monitoring over Indonesia using MODIS satellite data is analysed using the Indofire and MOD14 algorithms. The study shows cloud cover, land cover types, seasons, and climate parameters influence the distribution of detected fires. There is potential to adjust algorithm threshold coefficients to correct for wet season versus dry season biases.

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Modise, Shadrack Tsholofelo. "Experiences of psychiatric nurses working with aggressive patients / Modise S.T." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8193.

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The aggression of some psychiatric patients is recognised as a major problem in healthcare circles, both locally and internationally. It creates a significant risk for psychiatric nurses as these nurses spend more time with their patients than nurses from other nursing disciplines. Nurses are more likely to be involved in preventing and managing aggressive behaviour and are more at risk of being victims of patients' aggressive acts. Little research has been conducted to understand how nurses think when they have to manage aggressive patients. In an attempt to address this problem, the objectives of this study were to explore and describe the experiences of psychiatric nurses working with aggressive patients, and to propose guidelines that will assist psychiatric nurses in managing aggressive patients more effectively. A qualitative design was employed to conduct the study. Individual interviews were used as the method of data collection. Data saturation was reached after eleven individual interviews. The researcher and co–coder reached consensus during a meeting organised for this purpose. The findings suggest that the majority of the participants experience working with aggressive patients predominantly negatively, and only a few of them still hold positive attitudes. The most prominent themes were that participants felt incompetent in managing aggressive patients, and they also highlighted that they find themselves working in an unsafe environment where they have been assaulted by patients on numerous occasions. Based on these findings the researcher proposed guidelines to assist psychiatric nurses in managing aggressive patients more effectively. The researcher also compiled recommendations for nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research with regard to the management of aggressive patients. Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Salamah, Najah Hassan. "Factors affecting purchasing decision of modish commodities by Saudi Females." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438070.

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Kutzner, Kendy. "Processing MODIS Data for Fire Detection in Australia." Thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200200831.

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The aim of this work was to use remote sensing data from the MODIS instrument of the Terra satellite to detect bush fires in Australia. This included preprocessing the demodulator output, bit synchronization and reassembly of data packets. IMAPP was used to do the geolocation and data calibration. The fire detection used a combination of fixed threshold techniques with difference tests and background comparisons. The results were projected in a rectangular latidue/longitude map to remedy the bow tie effect. Algorithms were implemented in C and Matlab. It proved to be possible to detect fires in the available data. The results were compared with fire detection done done by NASA and fire detections based on other sensors and found to be very similar Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Nutzung von Fernerkundungsdaten des MODIS Instruments an Bord des Satelliten Terra zur Erkennung von Buschfeuern in Australien. Das schloss die Vorverarbeitung der Daten vom Demodulator, die Bitsynchronisation und die Umpacketierung der Daten ein. IMAPP wurde genutzt um die Daten zu kalibrieren und zu geolokalisieren. Die Feuererkennung bedient sich einer Kombination von absoluten Schwellwerttests, Differenztests und Vergleichen mit dem Hintergrund. Die Ergebnisse wurden in eine rechteckige Laengen/Breitengradkarte projiziert um dem BowTie Effekt entgegenzuwirken. Die benutzten Algrorithmen wurden in C und Matlab implementiert. Es zeigte sich, dass es moeglich ist in den verfuegbaren Daten Feuer zu erkennen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Feuererkennungen der NASA und Feuererkennung die auf anderen Sensoren basieren verglichen und fuer sehr aehnlich befunden

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Cheng, Wijian. "Automatic Red Tide Detection using MODIS Satellite Images." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3772.

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Red tides pose a significant economic and environmental threat in the Gulf of Mexico. Detecting red tide is important for understanding this phenomenon. In this thesis, machine learning approaches based on Random Forests, Support Vector Machines and K-Nearest Neighbors have been evaluated for red tide detection from MODIS satellite images. Detection results using machine learning algorithms were compared to ship collected ground truth red tide data. This work has three major contributions. First, machine learning approaches outperformed two of the latest thresholding red tide detection algorithms based on bio-optical characterization by more than 10% in terms of F measure and more than 4% in terms of area under the ROC curve. Machine Learning approaches are effective in more locations on the West Florida Shelf. Second, the thresholds developed in recent thresholding methods were introduced as input attributes to the machine learning approaches and this strategy improved Random Forests and KNearest Neighbors approaches' F-measures. Third, voting the machine learning and thresholding methods could achieve the better performance compared with using machine learning alone, which implied a combination between machine learning models and biocharacterization thresholding methods can be used to obtain effective red tide detection results.

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Cordova, Vicente D. "Regional-scale carbon flux estimation using MODIS imagery." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1325989.

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The National Aeronautics and Space Agency NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) platform carried by Terra and Aqua satellites, is providing systematic measurements summarized in high quality, consistent and well-calibrated satellite images and datasets ranging from reflectance in the visible and near infrared bands to estimates of leaf area index, vegetation indices and biome productivity. The objective of this research was to relate the spectral responses and derived MODIS products of ecosystems, to biogeochemical processes and trends in their physiological variables. When different sources of data were compared, discrepancies between the MODIS variables and the corresponding ground measurements were evident. Uncertainties in the input variables of MODIS products algorithms, effects of cloud cover at the studied pixel, estimation algorithm, and local variation in land cover type are considered as the cause. A simple "continuous field" model based on a physiologically-driven spectral index using two ocean-color bands of MODIS satellite sensor showed great potential to track seasonally changing photosynthetic light use efficiency and stress-induced reduction in net primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation. The model explained 88% of the variability in Flux tower-based daily Net Primary Productivity. Also a high correlation between midday gross CO2 exchange with both daily and 8-day mean gross CO2 exchange, consistent across all the studied vegetation types, was found. Although it may not be possible to estimate 8-day mean Light Use Efficiency reliably from satellite data, Light Use Efficiency models may still be useful for estimation of midday values of gross CO2 exchange which could then be related to longer term means of CO2 exchange. In addition, the MODIS enhanced vegetation index shows a high potential for estimation of ecosystem gross primary production, using respiration values from MODIS surface temperature, providing truly per-pixel estimates. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

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Goessmann, Florian. "Improved spatial resolution of bushfire detection with MODIS." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/909.

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The capability to monitor bushfires on a large scale from space has long been identified as an important contribution to climate and atmospheric research as well as a tool an aid in natural hazard response. Since the work by Dozier (1981), fire monitoring from space has relied on the principles he described. His method of identifying fires within a pixel significantly larger than the fire by utilizing the different responses of the 3 μm and 11 μm channels has been applied to a number of sensors. Over the last decade a lot of work has been invested to refine and validate fire detections based on this approach. So far, the application of the method proposed by Dozier (1981) reached its peak with the launch of the MODIS instrument on board the Terra satellite. In contrast to earlier sensors, MODIS was equipped with spectral channels specifically designed for the detection of fires with algorithms based on the work by Dozier (1981). These channels were designed to overcome problems experienced with other platforms, the biggest of which is the saturation of the 3 μm channel caused by big, hot fires. Since its launch, MODIS has proven itself to be a capable platform to provide worldwide fire detection at a moderate resolution of 1 km on a daily basis.It is the intention of this work to open up new opportunities in remote sensing of fires from satellites by showing capabilities and limitations in the application of other spectral channels, in particular the 2.1 μm channel of MODIS, than the ones currently used. This channel is chosen for investigation as fires are expected to emit a significant amount of energy in this bandwidth and as it is available at a native resolution of 500 m on MODIS; double the resolution of the 3 μm and 11 μm channels. The modelling of blackbodies of typical bushfire temperatures shows that a fire detection method based on the 2.1 μm channel will not be able to replace the current methods. Blackbodies of temperatures around 600 to 700 K, that are common for smoldering fires, do not emit a great amount of energy at 2.1 μm. It would be hardly possible to detect those fires by utilizing the 2.1 μm channel. The established methods based on the 3 μm and 11 μm channels are expected to work better in these cases. Blackbodies of typically flaming fires (above 800 K) however show a very high emission around 2.1 μm that should make their detection using the 2.1 μm channel possible.In order to develop a fire detection method based on the 2.1 μm channel, it is necessary to differentiate between the radiance caused by a fire of sub pixel size and the radiance of a pixel caused by the reflection of sunlight. This is attempted by using time series of past observations to model a reflectance value for a given pixel expected in absence of a fire. A fire detection algorithm exploiting the difference between the expected and observed reflectance is implemented and its detection results are compared to high resolution ASTER fire maps, the standard MODIS fire detection algorithm (MOD14) and burnt area maps. The detections of the method based on the 2.1 μm channel are found to correspond very well with the other three datasets. However, the comparison showed detections that do not align with MOD14 active fire detections but are generally aligned with burn areas. This phenomena has to be investigated in the future.

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Goessmann, Florian. "Improved spatial resolution of bushfire detection with MODIS." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17134.

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The capability to monitor bushfires on a large scale from space has long been identified as an important contribution to climate and atmospheric research as well as a tool an aid in natural hazard response. Since the work by Dozier (1981), fire monitoring from space has relied on the principles he described. His method of identifying fires within a pixel significantly larger than the fire by utilizing the different responses of the 3 μm and 11 μm channels has been applied to a number of sensors. Over the last decade a lot of work has been invested to refine and validate fire detections based on this approach. So far, the application of the method proposed by Dozier (1981) reached its peak with the launch of the MODIS instrument on board the Terra satellite. In contrast to earlier sensors, MODIS was equipped with spectral channels specifically designed for the detection of fires with algorithms based on the work by Dozier (1981). These channels were designed to overcome problems experienced with other platforms, the biggest of which is the saturation of the 3 μm channel caused by big, hot fires. Since its launch, MODIS has proven itself to be a capable platform to provide worldwide fire detection at a moderate resolution of 1 km on a daily basis. It is the intention of this work to open up new opportunities in remote sensing of fires from satellites by showing capabilities and limitations in the application of other spectral channels, in particular the 2.1 μm channel of MODIS, than the ones currently used. This channel is chosen for investigation as fires are expected to emit a significant amount of energy in this bandwidth and as it is available at a native resolution of 500 m on MODIS; double the resolution of the 3 μm and 11 μm channels. The modelling of blackbodies of typical bushfire temperatures shows that a fire detection method based on the 2.1 μm channel will not be able to replace the current methods. Blackbodies of temperatures around 600 to 700 K, that are common for smoldering fires, do not emit a great amount of energy at 2.1 μm. It would be hardly possible to detect those fires by utilizing the 2.1 μm channel. The established methods based on the 3 μm and 11 μm channels are expected to work better in these cases. Blackbodies of typically flaming fires (above 800 K) however show a very high emission around 2.1 μm that should make their detection using the 2.1 μm channel possible. In order to develop a fire detection method based on the 2.1 μm channel, it is necessary to differentiate between the radiance caused by a fire of sub pixel size and the radiance of a pixel caused by the reflection of sunlight. This is attempted by using time series of past observations to model a reflectance value for a given pixel expected in absence of a fire. A fire detection algorithm exploiting the difference between the expected and observed reflectance is implemented and its detection results are compared to high resolution ASTER fire maps, the standard MODIS fire detection algorithm (MOD14) and burnt area maps. The detections of the method based on the 2.1 μm channel are found to correspond very well with the other three datasets. However, the comparison showed detections that do not align with MOD14 active fire detections but are generally aligned with burn areas. This phenomena has to be investigated in the future.

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Carneiro, Jacqueline Brasil de Miranda. "Atividades de navegação on-line sugeridas em material didático de espanhol: pertinência versus modismo." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2006. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15363.

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The use of computers is a reality in the contemporary world and is present in several fields of professional activities, including educational environments. For the investigation hereby proposed, we have analyzed three Spanish as a Foreign Language course book series, published from 2001 to 2005 containing activities for online navigation with the presumed goal of leading the student to an immersion process in different Spanish-speaking countries and cultures, by using the Internet. Our research aimed at identifying, in the course books studied, coherence relationships and implications among the following aspects: the technical qualities of the corpus of sites suggested for online tasks, cultural themes developed in the lessons and the level of learning expected in the course books. As a basic methodological tool, we drew comparative charts containing the online navigation activities suggested by the three course books selected and analyzed them considering as reference: (i) a framework for the analysis of the technical qualities of the sites compiled, based on the studies supported by Gibaldi (2003), Alexander and Tate (1999), Tomaél et al. (2004), Ambre et al. (1999), Lázaro (2001), Henderson (2005), Blattmann and Fragoso (2003), Rodrigues (2000) and Araújo (2003); and (ii) a synoptic chart reflecting the Global Assessment Scale and Reference Chart of learning based on the guidelines presented in the Common European Framework of Reference for Foreign Languages (2001). The analyses developed were qualitative and interpretative in nature and suggest that although the online navigation activities proposed were, in gerenal terms, coherent with the cultural themes discussed in each lesson, they do not match the linguistic level expected from the students. In addition to that, the activities indicated in the course books studied do not stimulate the teacher to take on a critical posture while navigating in virtual contexts. The ability to evaluate sites critically must be developed by the teacher who is willing to incorporate online navigation activities in his or her classes; it is important for the teacher to know the basic criteria to consider while analyzing sites and selecting possible online activities for his students in order to be able to use the technology available critically and meaningfully. The thoughtful use of technology by the teacher may contribute to the learning process; otherwise, it may be reduced to the use of one more fashionable resource offered by the modern world. O uso de informática e das novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação é uma realidade no mundo contemporâneo e está presente nos mais diversos ramos de atividades profissionais, incluindo ambientes educacionais e livros didáticos. Nesta investigação analisamos três Coleções de material didático de língua espanhola para brasileiros, editadas no período de 2001 a 2005, que apresentam atividades de navegação on-line visando, segundo seus autores, a conduzir o aprendiz à submersão, por meio de internet, em culturas de diferentes países que falam a língua espanhola. Buscamos identificar, nos livros didáticos analisados, relações de coerência e implicações entre as qualidades técnicas do corpus de sites sugeridos em tarefas on-line, os temas culturais das lições e o nível de aprendizagem esperado. Como recurso metodológico elaboramos um quadro com os exercícios de navegação on-line propostos nas Coleções selecionadas e utilizamos uma grade de critérios para análise de "qualidades técnicas" de sites, compilados a partir das perspectivas de Gibaldi (2003), Alexander e Tate (1999), Tomaél et al. (2004), Ambre et al. (1999), Lázaro (2001), Henderson (2005), Blattmann e Fragoso (2003), Rodrigues (2000) e Araújo (2003) e um quadro sinóptico com os "Níveis de Referência e Escala Global" de aprendizagem constantes das diretrizes do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas Estrangeiras. As análises, de base interpretativista e qualitativa, sugerem que, apesar de coerentes com os temas culturais apresentados em cada lição, as propostas de atividades de navegação on-line, em determinados aspectos, não condizem com o nível lingüístico esperado dos aprendizes e usuários desses livros didáticos. Além disso, os guias dos livros didáticos analisados não instrumentalizam o professor a assumir postura crítica diante da utilização de contextos virtuais. O professor deve conhecer critérios de análise das qualidades de fontes digitais ou sites para que possa incorporar atividades de navegação on-line de modo crítico e consciente no que se refere à tecnologia, para que esse uso possa ser mais bem explorado e não se configure apenas como um recurso ou um modismo do mundo moderno. Mestre em Estudos Linguísticos

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Casal-Valls, Laura. "La figura de la modista i els inicis de l’alta costura a Barcelona. Trajectòria professional i producció d’indumentària femenina (1880-1915)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129559.

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Aquesta recerca té per objectiu omplir un buit historiogràfic de la moda catalana, recuperant el nom d’alguns dels seus protagonistes i estudiant el que en definitiva fou un moment de transició entre un model de producció artesanal i l’Alta costura. L’objectiu principal de la recerca ha estat el de fer una panoràmica sobre la trajectòria laboral de les modistes durant la segona meitat del segle XIX fins a l’establiment d’una alta costura autòctona. Es tracta, doncs, d’un retrat col•lectiu, que no es centra en les individualitats sinó en la cadència d’un model de producció i la seva transició vers l’Alta costura. En aquest procés cal tenir en compte també el paper de la societat burgesa catalana, així com el dels avenços tècnics i industrials. Per tal d’estudiar aquest procés de transició, ha calgut analitzar la configuració de l’ofici de la modisteria i situar-lo en el seu context, emmarcat per les aspiracions creixents d’una societat burgesa i el desenvolupament d’una indústria incipient. En aquest procés de recerca, i després d’examinar les circumstancies, característiques i conseqüències del que en definitiva fou una transició històrica entre un model artesanal i un model industrial de producció, s’observa com l’aparició d’un nou mercat, d’una nova manera de consumir i d’unes noves lleis del gust van propiciar l’aparició de l’Alta costura catalana. Després d’una introducció extens,a on es fa un repàs exhaustiu de la historiografia i de l’estat de la qüestió del tema, així com una descripció acurada de la metodologia emprada, els continguts de la recerca es divideixen en tres parts. En la primera part es replantegen conceptes de base, partint de la historiografia existent i des d’una perspectiva crítica no només pel que fa a les respostes trobades, sinó incidint directament en la formulació de les preguntes que tradicionalment s’han plantejat els historiadors a l’hora de voler escriure sobre el fenomen del vestit i de l’Alta costura. La història del disseny, que ha tractat de prop el consum i que avui ja compta amb una historiografia important a l’estranger, ha considerat sempre que el consum és el darrer estadi del procés de disseny. En aquesta recerca, però, es considera que el consum, en el període estudiat, impulsat pel gust i efectuat per la societat, n’era el primer estadi. Cal recordar que en el cas de la moda al segle XIX, en no ser encara un procés de creació i de disseny administrat segons una dinàmica industrial, el primer estadi de la producció d’una peça era l’encàrrec: a partir d’un encàrrec, dictat per una idea de gust i generat per unes necessitats burgeses, es desplegava tot el procés de la producció. En la segona part l’objecte estudiat és el vestit femení entès com a producte. En aquesta part, es posa en relació el vestit local amb la moda internacional, es defineixen els dos usos històrics i s’analitzen els diversos vestits que conformen el treball de camp, a través d’una divisió temporal concreta. En la tercera part s’estudia la figura del productor –de la modista– i es posa en relació amb el context històric i social. Es defineixen els processos de treball, els mètodes, la projecció social de la figura de la modista i, finalment, com a tret essencial, la trajectòria professional d’aquesta figura. La raó per la qual es centra l’estudi en el treball de la modista és perquè, com es veurà, fou la principal creadora de moda femenina i caracteritzà molt bé el procés de la moda al segle XIX. Finalment, s’adjunta un annex amb el catàleg del treball de camp, que configura el primer catàleg d’aquestes característiques realitzat a Catalunya. This research is aimed to fill a historiographical gap in the field of Catalan fashion, reinstating some of its main characters, and covering a transitional period that goes from fashion’s handcraft production to haute couture standards. This document offers a panoramic view of dressmakers professional career that goes from the second half of the XIX century up to the referred Catalan haute coutureestablishment at the beginning to the XX century. In order to understand this process it is necessary to take into account both the Catalan bourgeoisie society and the industrial advancements of the time. This paper investigates the gestation of haute couture in Catalonia and what were its causes and consequences. To do so, the way history has been usually studied has been turned upside down. If fashion had hitherto been studied from the perspective of the consumer, overhauling various forms of dress styles, this investigation proposes to start by exploring a particular character that has been virtually invisible until today: the dressmaker and its career development. To study this process of transition, it has been necessary to analyse how dressmakers' labor was structured within its context, along with the growing aspirations of Catalan’s bourgeois society and the development of a nascent industry. In this research process, and after considering the circumstances, characteristics, and consequences of what ultimately became a historical transition from a handcraft environment to an industrial model of production, the emergence of a new market and ways of understanding taste can be observed. It was this new market and taste what led to the apparition of Catalan haute couture. In this document lie the embryonic beginnings of Catalan haute couture in a historical, social and artistic context.

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Memmen, Sean P. "Optimization of MAS and MODIS Polar ocean cloud mask." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA379940.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2000. Thesis advisor, Philip A. Durkee. "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). Also available in print.

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Maranganti, Sashikiran. "Vegetation Change Detection in India Using MODIS Satellite Images." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56591.

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Due to man made events and natural causes many regions are currently undergoing rapid and wide ranging changes in land cover globally including developing and developed countries. India is one of them where land use and land cover change are taking place at a rapid pace. Forests are the most valuable natural resources available to the mankind on planet earth. On the one hand, they are the essential source of livelihood for the poor and marginalized sections of the society; on the other hand they provide furniture and other items of desire for the rich. Forest land cover change is an important input for modeling ecological and environmental processes at various scales. Rapid delineation in naturally forested regions is one of the major environmental issues facing the world today. It has been estimated that vegetation change threatens about one sixth of the world's population and one quarter of global terrestrial land. Vegetation cover plays a key role in terrestrial biophysical process and is related to a number of ways to the dynamics of global climate. Monitoring seasonal changes in vegetation activity and crop phenology over wide areas is essential for many applications, such as estimation of net primary production, deciding time boundary conditions for crop yield modeling and supporting decisions about water supply. Vegetations are the major part of land cover and their changes have an important influence on the energy and mass biochemical cycles and are also a key indicator of regional ecological environment change. Urbanization, demand of land for agriculture and demand of timbers for industrial purposes are the main reasons of manmade natural forest destruction. Though we are planting trees through reforestation and afforestation programs but these new forests never can be the representative of natural forest. In order to understand and manage environment at large variety of temporal and spatial scales, up-to-date and reliable information is required all the time. Remote Sensing is a valuable data source which can provide us land-use/land-cover change information on a continuous basis with very high accuracy. Remotely sensed data like aerial photographs and satellite images are the only option that allows detecting land cover changes on a large scale. Satellite images have the potential of offering the most accurate and latest information compared to statistical, topographic or land use maps. In this study an attempt has been made in analyzing vegetation change detection that took place between 2000 and 2005 using Terra MODIS 32 day 500m time series data on a monthly basis. With the launch of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) onboard aqua and terra platform, a new generation of satellite sensor data is now available. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index method has been employed for accurate classification of images and has proved to be successful.

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Kim, Hye-Yun. "Estimation of land surface radiation budget from MODIS data." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8577.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008. Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Geography. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Chrystiane, de Moura Matos Rafaella. "Uso de imagens MODIS no mapeamento de bacias hidrográficas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3042.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:26:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2046_1.pdf: 6954777 bytes, checksum: ddb5bca785659d91216220f7b9426ed0 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Esta pesquisa tem como enfoque mostrar aplicações do sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer) e seus diferentes tipos de produtos. O MODIS foi concebido para análise de mudanças em escala global, possuindo assim diversas aplicações ambientais. Este sensor possui 36 bandas e 44 produtos para diferentes tipos de pesquisas. A resolução espacial das imagens MODIS varia de 250m a 1km dependendo da banda ou produto a ser analisado. O produto MOD13Q1 do nível 3 do sensor MODIS é um produto específico para aquisição de informações do NDVI (Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada), com resolução espacial de 250 m, e resolução espacial de 16 dias, e dispõe de dois índices de vegetação: NDVI e EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index); Duas imagens com informações de atestamento da qualidade dos produtos NDVI e EVI (quality NDVI e quality EVI); Imagens de reflectância RED, BLUE, NIR e MIR;Três imagens referentes a forma de aquisição dos dados, correspondentes a ângulo de visada, ângulo zenital solar e azimute. Já produto MOD43B3 é um produto de albedo de superfície do MODIS e contém as sete primeiras bandas do sensor MODIS além de outras três bandas simuladas com larga faixa espectral. O MOD11 é um produto do nível 2 que fornece dados de temperatura da superfície terrestre (LST Land Surface Temperature) e emissividade (E) diárias da superfície terrestre com resolução espacial de 1 Km, este é composto por LSTs diurnos e noturnos, qualidade de avaliação, tempos de observação, ângulos de visada, cobertura de céu claro e emissividades estimadas nas bandas 31 e 32 para tipos de cobertura do solo. Nesta pesquisa foram utilizados exclusivamente produtos relacionados ao NDVI, EVI, temperatura e albedo das imagens MODIS/Terra. Estes produtos foram avaliados em um estudo sobre a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pajeú (UP9 Unidade de Planejamento Hídrico 9) que está localizada no estado de Pernambuco, especificamente nas mesorregiões do Sertão Pernambucano e do São Francisco. A bacia envolve as microrregiões do Pajeú, em sua totalidade, e parte do Sertão do Moxotó, do Salgueiro e de Itaparica. A divisão políticoadministrativa da área que abrange um total de 27 municípios. Na área existe a predominância de rochas cristalinas na proporção de 86,3%, enquanto 11,7% representam depósitos sedimentares e os 2% restantes pertencem aos solos aluviais. O relevo divide-se entre planos e ondulados, com vegetação de caatinga arbustiva e arbórea em sua maior parte. Os tipos de solos mais predominantes na área são os do tipo Luvissolo Crômico, Argissolo Solodico e Neossolos (NC, Os e R). Neste trabalho, os parâmetros extraídos das imagens foram comparados com dados de solo contidos no ZAPE (Zoneamento Agroecológico de Pernambuco) desenvolvido pela EMBRAPA solos e, sobrepostos a mapas da transposição do Rio São Francisco que corta uma pequena faixa desta bacia mas que pode causar alterações importantes na área com esta obra civil. Os objetivos foram portanto: analisar a variação da vegetação na área da bacia a partir de imagens multitemporais de NDVI e EVI; Analisar o comportamento da temperatura na área da bacia; E analisar a distribuição do albedo sobre a região a partir de uma análise multitemporal. Um mapeamento temático da bacia hidrográfica foi desenvolvido e mostra-se que imagens MODIS são importantes para análise espacial, temporal e espectral da bacia

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Ferreira, Alexandre da Silva. "Aplicação do algoritmo SEBAL para estimativa da evapotranspiração na mesorregião do sul goiano." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4155.

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As preocupações com o uso da terra têm permeado inúmeros estudos científicos, no âmbito nacional e internacional, voltados para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais causados pelas atividades agropecuárias. Alguns processos do ciclo hidrológico, a exemplo da evapotranspiração apresentam modificações consideráveis, devido às constantes mudanças nos usos dos solos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho busca destacar o problema das rápidas e intensas mudanças no uso do solo oriundas da expansão da atividade agropecuária e seus impactos ao meio ambiente, especialmente sobre o processo da evapotranspiração regional, na mesorregião do Sul Goiano, região típica de cerrado, localizada no centro-oeste brasileiro. A aplicação do algoritmo Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land - SEBAL consistiu o cerne da metodologia utilizada, com vista à estimativa dos fluxos de energia e da evapotranspiração em escala regional, obtidos com base no equacionamento do balanço de energia à superfície, complementado por dados de temperatura do ar e velocidade do vento adquiridos em estações meteorológicas (PCDs) instaladas na área de estudo. Foram utilizados dados do sensor MODIS/TERRA dos anos 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2010. O algoritmo foi testado em sua forma clássica e modificado por alterações nos critérios de seleção dos pixels âncoras, utilizados no procedimento da estimativa do fluxo de calor sensível. Pode-se concluir que a alteração dos critérios influenciou positivamente os resultados obtidos e que os valores da evapotranspiração, na região estudada, indicaram a potencialidade da metodologia empregada para o monitoramento sistemático dos componentes do balanço de energia em escala regional. Concerns over land use have permeated many scientific studies at the national and international, aimed at assessing the environmental impacts caused by agricultural activities. Some processes of the hydrological cycle, such as the present evapotranspiration significant changes, due to constant changes in land uses. Thus, this paper seeks to highlight the problem of rapid and intense changes in land use arising from the expansion of agricultural activities and their impacts on the environment, especially on the process of regional evapotranspiration in southern Goiás Greater Region, a region typical of cerrado located in central Brazil. The application of the algorithm "Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land - SEBAL" was the core of the methodology used for the estimation of energy fluxes and evapotranspiration on a regional scale, based on the obtained solution of the surface energy balance, supplemented by data of air temperature and wind speed acquired in weather stations (PCDs) installed in the study area. We used data from MODIS / TERRA the years 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The algorithm was tested in its classic form and modified by changes in the criteria for selecting pixels anchors used in the procedure of estimating the sensible heat flux. It can be concluded that the change in criteria positively influenced the results obtained and the values of evapotranspiration in the study area, indicated the potential of the methodology used for the systematic monitoring of the components of energy balance on a regional scale.

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FENG, GUANLING. "Monitoring drought intensity in Illinois with a combined index." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1480.

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Many traditional drought assessments are conducted based on climate and hydrologic data. The availability and precision of data limit the spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy of derived drought indices. In this study, Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) were generated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The VCI was derived from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) that was calculated with near infrared and visible red band reflectance from MOD09Q1. The TCI was derived from land surface temperature (LST) product MOD11A2. The VCI and TCI were then combined with reference to the vegetation coverage information from MOD44B to generate the modified Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The modified VHI was applied to quantify the intensity of drought that took place in Illinois from 2000 to 2012. The results showed that the modified VHI identified the major droughts that occurred in Illinois from 2000 to 2012, especially the extreme one taking place in 2012. Moreover, the modified VHI led to the spatial distributions and temporal trends of drought severity, which were overall similar to those from the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) maps, but had more detailed spatial variability and much higher spatial resolution. The modified VHI also differentiated the drought impacts between the vegetated and non-vegetated areas, being a lack of the original VHI. Thus, the modified VHI takes advantage of spatially continuous and timely data from satellites and can be applied to conduct the monitoring and detection of drought intensity at local, regional, and national scales. The modified VHI can effectively synthesize the drought information of LST and NDVI to differentiate the effects of land use and land cover (LULC) types and provide the detailed spatial variability of drought intensity and thus enhance the understanding of relationship between drought condition and LULC types.

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Nguyen, Quoc Dinh. "Evaluation of MODIS products over four European ecological study sites." kostenfrei, 2009. http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/volltexte/2009/559/.

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Briant, Gaël. "Estimation et localisation de l'assèchement forestier amazonien par imagerie MODIS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26396/26396.pdf.

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Silva, Gustavo Bayma Siqueira da. "Dados MODIS para detecção de alterações antrópicas no Cerrado matogrossense." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2009. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2009/05.19.01.01.

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O conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável está cada vez mais atrelado ao desenvolvimento econômico e social. O equilíbrio entre ambos acarreta em uma nova dimensão no desenvolvimento econômico, onde a dimensão quantitativa perde espaço para a dimensionalidade qualitativa, ou seja, não somente o grande desenvolvimento econômico deve ser buscado como também um desenvolvimento preocupado com o meio ambiente no qual este está inserido. Dessa forma, a atividade agropastoril se insere nos termos do desenvolvimento sustentável devido à preocupação com a expansão e descontrole de seus processos. São inúmeras as áreas em que a cobertura vegetal vem sendo alterada em função de atividades antrópicas, e dentre elas o bioma Cerrado pode ser tomado como forte exemplo. Com o avanço tecnológico-científico o acompanhamento sistemático das alterações da cobertura vegetal tornou-se viável através de ferramentas como o sensoriamento remoto. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo avaliar a potencialidade dos dados orbitais MODIS para detectar e mapear áreas alteradas, em função de atividades antrópicas, no bioma Cerrado, com ênfase no Estado do Mato Grosso. Para tal, foram desenvolvidas três vias de análise: i) espaço-temporal das áreas antropizadas entre 1990 e 2001, utilizando dados dos sensores TM/ ETM+ Landsat; ii) do perfil temporal das classes de vegetação do Cerrado e classes de vegetação antrópicas, utilizando dados gerados a partir do Modelo Linear de Mistura Espectral (MLME); e iii) desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de detecção da retirada de vegetação, validadas através de imagens Landsat. As duas últimas análises basearam-se em dados do sensor MODIS. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das alterações da cobertura vegetal, até o ano de 2001, ocorreu em áreas de Savana Arborizada, de Latossolos e de relevo plano, porém com aumento da utilização de solos relacionados ou próximos às redes de drenagem. A análise dos perfis permitiu a separação de três classes de vegetação: i) vegetação antrópica; ii) Cerrado com predominância de formação florestal; e iii) Cerrado com predominância de formação savânica. A metodologia desenvolvida apresentou acerto de, aproximadamente, 62% e apresentou maior eficiência em áreas de porte florestal do que de Cerrado, de acordo com o Mapa de Vegetação Potencial do Estado do Mato Grosso. Diante do exposto a metodologia mostrou ser potencialmente capaz de mapear e estimar áreas alteradas no bioma Cerrado, em função de atividades antrópicas. The concept of sustainable development is increasingly related to economic and social development. The balance between them leads to a new dimension in economic development, where the quantitative dimension loses space for qualitative one, i.e. not only the great economic development should be aimed as a development also concerned to the environment in which it is inserted. Thus, the agropastoril activity fits in the sustainable development because of the concern about the expansion and its processes. There are many areas where the vegetation cover has been changed due to human activities, and the Cerrado biome can be taken as an example. With the technological and scientific progress, vegetation cover monitoring has become possible through tools such as remote sensing. Hence, this research had as main objective to evaluate the potential of MODIS data to detect and map disturbed areas, due to human activities in the Cerrado biome, with emphasis in the Mato Grosso State. To this end, three ways of analysis were developed: i) spatial-temporal of anthropic areas between 1990 and 2001, using TM / ETM + Landsat data; ii) the time profile of Cerrado classes and anthropogenic classes of vegetation, using data generated from the Linear Spectral Mixing Model; and iii) development of a methodology to detect the removal of vegetation, validated through Landsat images. The last two analysis were based on MODIS sensor data. The results indicated that most of the changes in vegetation cover, by the year 2001, occurred in areas of Wooded Cerrado, Oxisols and plan relief, but increased the use of soils related or close to the drainage network. The spectral analysis allowed to separate three classes of vegetation: i) anthropic vegetation; ii) Cerrado with a predominance of forest types; and iii) Cerrado with a predominance of savanna types. The developed methodology showed accuracy of approximately 62%, showed highest efficiency in areas of forest port than the savannah. Due to the above, the methodology proved to be potentially able to map and estimate altered areas in the Cerrado biome, due to human activities.

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Aguiar, Daniel Alves de. "Séries temporais de imagens MODIS para avaliação de pastagens tropicais." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2013. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2013/08.30.14.33.

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A inexorável mudança na dieta alimentar dos países emergentes, projetada para os próximos anos, aumentará o consumo global de proteína animal e demandará à pecuária brasileira uma resposta sobre a oferta de carne bovina. Todavia, existem dois fatores que devem associar o aumento da oferta de carne bovina exclusivamente à melhoria na produtividade da pecuária: i) a limitação da expansão pecuária e agrícola sobre a vegetação nativa devido às metas assumidas pelo governo federal para a redução das taxas de desmatamento e das emissões dos gases de efeito estufa; e ii) a competição por terras para a produção de grãos e de biocombustíveis. Nesse sentido, a avaliação da qualidade das pastagens em escala regional é essencial, pois oferece subsídios para direcionar as políticas públicas de uso racional do território com o intuito de aumentar a produtividade da pecuária. A hipótese deste trabalho é que as imagens de satélites de observação da Terra podem ser empregadas para avaliar o processo de degradação, renovação/recuperação e reforma das pastagens tropicais. Para testar essa hipótese foram realizadas duas campanhas de campo nas quais foram percorridos aproximadamente 40 mil km em nove estados brasileiros. Para caracterização das pastagens amostradas foram realizadas medidas de parâmetros biofísicos e observações acerca das pastagens, do manejo adotado e das paisagens. Nas pastagens amostradas foram adquiridas fotografias verticais, das quais foram extraídas frações de cobertura da superfície. Séries temporais de EVI-2/MODIS do período de 2000 a 2012 das pastagens amostradas foram avaliadas de acordo com um protocolo elaborado com base em 7 métricas fenológicas, 14 critérios booleanos e 2 critérios numéricos. A base teórica deste protocolo foi elaborada a partir de entrevistas a produtores e especialistas em uma terceira campanha de campo realizada no âmbito do Projeto Geodegrade. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que as frações de cobertura da superfície extraídas de fotografias verticais são indicadores objetivos das condições das pastagens, em especial a fração não pastagem (solo + serrapilheira), que se mostrou um excelente indicador do estádio de degradação da pastagem. A análise das séries temporais permitiu estimar os percentuais de pastagens amostradas que passaram por algum tipo de intervenção e que estavam em processo de degradação biológica. Das 782 pastagens amostradas, 26,6\% passaram por algum tipo de intervenção, 30,3\% estavam em processo de degradação biológica e 43,1\% não sofreram nenhum tipo de intervenção e não apresentaram tendência de redução de biomassa no período analisado. The inexorable diet change in the emerging countries, projected for the coming years, will significantly increase the global consumption of animal protein. Therefore, it is expected that the Brazilian livestock production should be prepared to answer for the increasing demand of beef. However, there are two factors that must associate the increasing beef supply exclusively to the improvement in livestock productivity: i) no expansion of livestock and farming on native vegetation due to the commitment of the Brazilian government to reduce deforestation rates and greenhouse gases emissions, and ii) continued conversion from pasture land to grain and biofuel production. Consequently, the evaluation of pasture quality on a regional scale is important information to orient public policies to a rational land use strategy directed to improve livestock productivity. The hypothesis is that satellites images can be used to evaluate the processes of degradation, restoration and renovation of tropical pastures. To test this hypothesis two field campaigns were performed covering a trajectory of approximately 40,000 km throughout nine states. To characterize the sampled pastures biophysical parameters were measured, and observations about the pastures, the adopted management and the landscape were performed. Vertical photographs were acquired for each sampled pasture to estimate three different fractions of surface coverage. Each sampled pasture was evaluated using time series of EVI-2/MODIS images, from the period 2000-2012, according to a protocol based on seven phenological metrics, 14 Boolean criteria and two numerical criteria. The theoretical basis of this protocol was derived from interviews with producers and livestock experts during a third field campaign. The results of this work showed that the fraction of surface coverage, extracted from the vertical photographs, was a good indicator of pasture degradation, especially the no-green pasture fraction (soil and litter). The analysis of the time series of MODIS images provided valuable historical information on the type of intervention and on the biological degradation process of the sampled pastures. Of the 782 sampled pastures, 26.6\% experienced some type of intervention, 30.3\% were under biological degradation, and 43.1\% presented neither intervention nor trend of biomass decrease during the analyzed period.

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Alawadi, Fahad A. M. "Detection and classification of oil spills in MODIS satellite imagery." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/336411/.

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Using satellite imagery to achieve an early and accurate identification of oil spills will contribute towards the reduction of their impact on the marine ecosystem. Satellite imagery provided by the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors are widely used for this task over the multi-temporal and multi-band visible near infra-red (VNIR) sensors. This is due to the SAR imaging capabilities through clouds, dust storms, soot and at night times, which limit the capability of VNIR sensors. However, gaps in knowledge exist regarding whether satellite ocean-colour sensors are capable of identifying unreported oil spills as true positives and whether they are able to discriminate them from lookalikes with the least uncertainty, particularly in arid land regions characterised with nearly cloud-free conditions. It was therefore, the goal of this research to develop reliable and robust methodology for data processing and interpretation of oil spills observed by VNIR sensors. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a VNIR-type sensor that was selected for this project for a number of reasons: it is characterised with adequate multi-spectral features (36 spectral bands 0.405-14.385 μm) spread over three spatial resolutions (250, 500 and 1000 m); and its data is freely distributed in near-realtime. MODIS bio-geophysical products processed in this study such as sea surface temperature (SST4 and SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chlor-a) have also proven their usefulness in providing complementary data. As a result of this investigation, two methods were proposed: The spectral contrast shift (SCS) and the surface algal bloom index (SABI). The SCS identifies oil spills and classifies their thickness by using MODIS extreme (maximum and minimum) top-of-atmosphere radiance (TOA) values in the 250 m/pixel resolution bands: the red (λ1=645 nm) and the NIR (λ2 =859 nm) measured over a relatively small area selected to encompass part of an unknown class and part of the surrounding pure sea water. The method has produced consistent and highly sensitive results independent of sun-glint illuminations. Oil spills have SCS values lying within the range 0.02-0.04±0.002 varying by 0.01 corresponding to different thicknesses of oil. The SCS succeeded also in classifying surface floating blooms having SCS values greater than or equal to 0.20. The SABI is a four-band relationship, which according to MODIS 500 m/pixel resolution, is made up of the difference between the TOA radiance responses in the NIR and the red bands (aggregated from the 250 m resolution group) to the sum of the TOA radiance responses in the blue (λ3=469 nm) and green (λ4=555 nm) bands. The SABI aims to discriminate biological floating species that may appear as an oil spill look-alike without the need to perform complex corrections for atmosphere and sun-glint effects. The SABI succeeded in classifying 95% of surface blooms that had values greater than or equal to a baseline value of -0.10. Oil spills, however, always appear at values lower than the surface bloom baseline value.

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Mazibuko, Sbongiseni Christian. "Assessing MODIS evapotranspiration data for hydrological modelling in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/8009.

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Evapotranspiration as a major component of the water balance has been identified as a key factor in hydrological modelling. Water management can be improved by means of increased use of reliable methods for estimating evapotranspiration. The limited availability of measured climate and discharge data sets, particularly in the developing world, restricts the reliability of hydrological models in these regions. Furthermore, rapid changes in hydrological systems with increasing development mean uncertainties in water resource estimation are growing. These changes are related to the modification of catchment hydrological processes with increasing human activity. Dealing with data uncertainty and quantifying the impacts of catchment activities are significant challenges that scientists in the field of hydrology face today. Uncertainties in hydrometeorological data are associated with poor observation networks that provide data at point scales which are not adequately representative of the inherent heterogeneity within catchment processes. Using uncertain data in model applications reduces the predictive power of hydrological models as well as the ability to validate the model outcomes. This study examines the potential of using remote sensing-based evapotranspiration data to reduce uncertainty in the climatic forcing data and constraining the output of a rainfall-runoff hydrological model. It is common to use fixed seasonally variable potential evapotranspiration (PET) instead of temporally varying PET data as inputs to standard rainfall-runoff models. Part of the reason is that there are relatively few stations available to measure a variety of meteorological input data needed to compute PET, as well as the apparent lack of sensitivity of rainfall-runoff models to different types of PET inputs. As hydrometeorological data become more readily available through the use of earth observation systems, it is important to determine whether rainfall-runoff models are sensitive to time-varying PET derived from these earth observations systems. Further potential includes the use of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from this type of data to constrain model outputs and improve model realism. It is assumed that a better representation of evapotranspiration demands could improve the efficiency of models, and this study explores some of these issues. The study used evapotranspiration estimates (PET and ETa) from the MOD16 global product with one of the most widely used hydrological models in South Africa. The investigation included applying the Pitman model in a number of case study catchments located in different climatic regions of the country. The main objectives of the study included (i) the establishment of behavioural model parameter sets that generate acceptable hydrological response under both naturalised and present-day conditions, (ii) the use of time-varying PET estimates derived from MOD16 data to force the model, and (iii) the use of MOD16 ETa estimates to constrain model-simulated ETa. Before examining the use of different PET forcing data in the model, a two-step modelling approached was employed both a single-run and an uncertainty version of the Pitman model. During the first step (using a single-run version), available information on catchment physical properties and regionalised groundwater recharge together with model calibration principles were used to develop model functionality understanding and establish initial parameter sets. The outcomes from the first step were used to define uncertain parameter ranges for the use in the uncertainty version of the Pitman model (second step). Further, catchment water uses were quantified to ensure comparability with present-day flow conditions represented by the stream flow records. The effects of forcing the Pitman model with MOD16-based time-varying PET data inputs were evaluated using static and dynamic sensitivity analysis approaches. In the static approach, parameter sets calibrated using fixed seasonal distributions of PET data remain unchanged when forcing the model with other forms of PET, whereas in the dynamic method, the model is recalibrated with changing PET inputs. In both approaches, model sensitivity was assessed by comparing objective function statistics of reference flow simulations with those simulations incorporating changing PET data inputs. The use of the MOD16 ETa data to constrain model- simulated evapotranspiration losses was conducted by calibrating the parameters such that the simulated-ETa matched the evapotranspiration loss estimated from the MOD16 data. Despite issues around model equifinality and significant uncertainty within water use information, the Pitman model simulations were generally satisfactory and compared with observed stream flow data where available. The use of time-varying PET data does not improve the efficiency of the model when both static and dynamic sensitivity approaches are used. This was highly expected with the static approach where fixed model parameter sets do not account for the changes in evapotranspiration demands. However, with the dynamic approach, it was difficult to conclude why the model efficiency did not improve given the flexibility of the model to achieve appropriate parameter sets to different forms of PET. The study noted that the insensitivity of the model to changes in PET demands could be due to uncertainties in the model structure and MOD16 data. Attempts to constrain the model-simulated actual evapotranspiration with MOD16 ETa estimates were hampered by large errors in the MOD16 data and resulted in the non-closure of the catchment annual water balance, even when likely errors in the other components of the water balance were accounted for. There is still a great deal of work that needs to be done to reduce uncertainties associated with the use of earth observation data in hydrological modelling. This study has identified some of the specific gaps within the application of evapotranspiration data from earth observation information. While the MOD16 data applied with the Pitman model did not achieve improved simulations, the study has demonstrated the enormous potential of the data product in the future should the identified uncertainties be resolved. Lastly, the investigation highlighted some of the possible model structural uncertainties specifically associated with the simplified soil-moisture accounting routines within the model. It is possible that amending the model structure through investigating the dynamics of the relationship between soil moisture and evapotranspiration losses would assist in the improved utilisation of earth observation products related to the MOD16 ET data.

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Broomhall, Mark Anthony. "A time-series method for MODIS aerosol optical depth retrieval." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/23.

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Aerosol Optical Depth [AOD] is an important input for the atmospheric correction of satellite-derived Earth Observation data, and remains the most difficult variable to properly quantify. The Reflectance Change method utilises time-series data from a Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Model to estimate the surface reflectance which is used as an input into the AOD retrieval model. This approach moves away from previous methods that use band ratio techniques, which are problematic over characteristically arid Australian landscapes.

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Galindo, Marcela Pinillos. "Interpretando padrões espaciais de heterogeneidade funcional de ecossistemas no Rio Grande do Sul : uma abordagem mediante uso de imagens MODIS-LAND." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13622.

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O conceito de ‘ecossistema’ emergiu da necessidade de compreender o caráter extremamente dinâmico da vegetação, interpretado a partir daí como o resultado da interação recíproca entre um dado complexo de organismos e seu conjunto amplo de fatores do ambiente físico. Um ramo das ciências ecológicas desenvolveu-se desse conceito, visando examinar o resultado de tais interações em termos de fluxos de energia, matéria e informação. Desenvolvimentos conceituais recentes apontam para uma concepção do ecossistema sob a ótica de um novo paradigma, para o qual aninhamento, hierarquia, decomposabilidade relativa, probabilidade e dependência de escala são critérios chave. Outro desenvolvimento importante, a análise de trajetórias, abriu a possibilidade de tratar a dinâmica e o funcionamento do ecossistema como fenômenos em múltiplas escalas. Incertezas metodológicas e ecológicas decorrem numa visão pouco nítida de como o funcionamento e a estrutura do ecossistema interagem sob a influência de um determinado conjunto de fatores de uso e do ambiente físico. A situação demanda uma abordagem analítica na qual classificações funcionais e estruturais sejam implementadas independentemente, com o fim de estabelecer ‘a posteriori’ quanto e como as classificações estão interconectadas. A tarefa é ainda mais desafiante, em termos de método e interpretação, quando consideramos o contexto hierárquico e complexo em que a análise deve ser feita e a dependência de definição dos resultados. Esta tese refere-se ao desenvolvimento de ferramentas conceituais e metodológicas para analisar a heterogeneidade funcional dos ecossistemas no espaço, em relação a fatores significativos de uso e do ambiente, e aos diferentes tipos de vegetação presentes numa determinada região. Com esse objetivo, adotamos o conceito de ‘Tipos Funcionais de Ecossistemas’ (TFEs), os quais reúnem unidades espaciais com padrão de funcionamento similar, sem considerar seus atributos estruturais, e avançamos num esquema classificatório de TFEs que permite capturar as respostas funcionais de curto prazo dos ecossistemas em cenários de mudanças ambientais e de uso altamente dinâmicas. Também examinamos a sensibilidade dos tipos funcionais de ecossistemas a diferentes definições de funcionamento e parâmetros de escala espacial. Os TFEs provaram ser sensíveis a estas variáveis analíticas, oferecendo assim a possibilidade de indagar a natureza multidimensional e multi-escala dos fenômenos do ecossistema. Os TFEs capturam eficientemente os aspectos mais relevantes da resposta sazonal da vegetação aos fatores do ambiente biofísico, provendo assim uma ferramenta útil para descrever a heterogeneidade espacial do funcionamento dos ecossistemas em domínios temporais e geográficos específicos. Nesta tese avançamos no reconhecimento e descrição dos principais tipos de paisagem no planalto basáltico do Rio Grande do Sul, e propomos mecanismos e controles responsáveis desses padrões característicos. Da associação espacial entre feições do terreno, solos, tipos de uso e vegetação, identificamos três tipos básicos de paisagens e definimos preliminarmente seu domínio espacial. Os resultados descrevem um forte relacionamento entre a distribuição dos grandes tipos fisionômicos de vegetação, os solos e os processos formadores de relevo. Assim sendo, os campos dominam onde relevo e solos indicam a ocorrência de remanescentes de uma antiga superfície de pediplanação, em quanto as florestas prevalecem onde os agentes geomorfológicos têm rejuvenescido a paisagem. Porém, com o objetivo de compreender os processos responsáveis destes padrões, é essencial fazer ‘downscaling’ desde a escala regional na qual os processos formadores de relevo e de solos dominam a diferenciação espacial de variáveis ecológicas, até a escala local na qual fatores biológicos e relacionados com o regime de distúrbio adquirem maior importância na produção de padrões de heterogeneidade espacial. Identificamos que a abordagem ecossistêmica funcional é a maneira mais promissora de relacionar processos de natureza tão divergente. The ‘ecosystem’ concept emerged from the need for understanding the highly dynamic nature of the vegetation, interpreted from thereon as the reciprocal interaction among the organism-complex and a wide array of factors of the physical environment. A full branch of the ecological sciences developed from this concept, aimed to assessing the outcome of such interactions as flows of energy, matter and information. Recent conceptual developments points to a conception of ecosystem as an entity evolving under the influence of a novel paradigm, for which nestedness, hierarchy, relative decomposability, probability and scale-dependency are central. Another important development, trajectory analysis, opens the possibility to treat ecosystem dynamics and ecosystem functioning as multi-scale phenomena. Methodological and ecological uncertainties determine a rather fuzzy picture of how ecosystem function and structure interplay under the influence of some set of drivers of the physical environment and land use. The whole situation waits for an analytical path to be designed in which functional and structural classifications are carried out independently, in order to establish a posteriori whether they are connected and how they are connected. The task is even more defiant, both in terms of methods and interpretation, if we consider the already complex hierarchical context in which the analysis should be set and the definition-dependency of the outcome. This thesis is about the development of conceptual and analytical tools for analyzing the functional heterogeneity of the ecosystems in the space, in relation to meaningful environmental and land-use factors and to the different types of vegetation present over a given region. To that aim, we adopt the concept of Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs), which enclose spatial units with similar functional patterns, no attention paid to their structure, and advance on an EFT classificatory scheme that allows capturing the short-term functional response of the ecosystems to environmental and land-use changes. Furthermore, we examine the effect of using different surrogates of ecosystem functioning on the resulting picture of functional patchiness. The effect of changing parameters of spatial scale is also tested. The Ecosystem Functional Types proved to be heavily definition-dependent and sensitive to spatial scale, which allows exploring the multi-dimensional and multi-scale nature of ecosystem phenomena. The EFTs efficiently capture the most relevant features of the seasonal response of the vegetation to the drivers of the biophysical environment, providing so a useful tool for depicting the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem functioning in a given geographic and temporal domain. In this report we also accomplished the recognition and description of main landscape types in the basaltic tablelands of Rio Grande do Sul, and proposed mechanisms and controls responsible for their characteristic patterns. From the spatial association of terrain features, soils, land-use and vegetation, we identified three basic landscape types and broadly defined their spatial domain. The picture described tells of a rather close relationship among the distribution of the major physiognomic types of the vegetation, soils, land-use and land-forming processes. In this picture, the grasslands prevail where terrain and soil features suggest there are the remnants of an old pediplanation surface, while forests seems to dominate wherever geomorphic agents have rejuvenated the landscape. However, in order to understand the processes responsible of these patterns it is then essential to downscale from the regional realm where terrain and soil-forming phenomena dominate spatial differentiation, to the fine-scale processes at which biological and disturbance-related factors are most influential in the production of patterns of spatial heterogeneity. We identify the functional approach to the ecosystems as the most promising way to correlate processes of such a different nature.

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Larsson, Simon. "Mellanförskapets identitet : En postkolonial analys av Navid Modiris författarskap." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-39209.

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The purpose of this essay is to examine how Navid Moodiris concept of "mellanförskap", translated by the author himself as "inbetweenship", the postcolonial we and them as well as different identity constructions are expressed in social debator Navid Modiris authorship. The notion of identity is used from a social psychological perspective and the notion of inbetweenship is based on Modiris own description of the term. The theoretical starting point for the study is the post-colonial theory with focus on Said's construction of "the Other" and Spivak and Halls thoughts on how colonialism influenced and influence today's society. The questions at issue are examined by analysis of three poems from the poem vollection Skrik om du brinner (eng. Cry if you are on fire) and two lyrics. Analysis results are presented through quotes from the texts, which are discussed and commented on the basis of how inbetweenship, we and them as well as different identities are expressed in the texts. Overall, it is mainly through themes such as family relationships, distance, generalizations and lack of limits that the investigated objects are highlighted. The clear conclusion is that it's because of the normative society that we and them, and the feeling of inbetweenship can be produced and that the criticism of this society is the underlying theme of the Modiris entire authorship. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur mellanförskap, det postkoloniala vi och dem samt olika identitetskonstruktioner kommer till uttryck i samhällsdebattören Navid Modiris författarskap. Begreppet identitet används utifrån ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv och mellanförskap utifrån Modiris egen beskrivning av termen. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien är den postkoloniala teorin med fokus på Saids konstruktion av "de Andra" samt Spivak och Halls tankar om hur kolonialismen påverkat och påverkar dagens samhälle. Studiens frågeställningar undersöks genom analys av tre dikter från diktsamlingen Skrik om du brinner samt två låttexter. Analysresultatet presenteras genom citat från texterna, vilka diskuteras och kommenteras utifrån hur mellanförskap, vi och dem samt olika identiteter kommer till uttryck i texterna. Sammantaget är det främst genom teman som släktskap, avstånd, generaliseringar och avsaknaden av gränser som de undersökta objekten lyfts fram. Den tydliga slutsatsen är att det är på grund av det normativa samhället som vi och dem samt känslan av ett mellanförskap kan skapas samt att det är kritiken mot detta samhället som är det underliggande temat för hela Modiris författarskap.

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Natali, Luciene. "Utilização dos produtos obtidos por sensoriamento remoto na caracterização da qualidade do ar na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-07122008-151154/.

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O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a relação entre profundidade óptica de aerossóis (AOD), obtida por sensoriamento remoto, e a concentração de material particulado (MP10 e MP2,5) medida próximo à superfície sobre a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). A profundidade óptica foi derivada a partir de medidas de radiâncias fornecidas pelos sensores MODIS. Estes sensores estão posicionados a bordo dos satélites EOS-TERRA e EOS-AQUA, operados pela NASA. As concentrações de MP10 e MP2,5 foram obtidas nas estações da rede operacional da CETESB. Foram feitos alguns estudos de caso considerando diferentes situações atmosféricas, aos quais se aplicou a metodologia proposta por Castanho (2005) que busca reduzir as incertezas na determinação da profundidade óptica derivada do MODIS e identificar qual o modelo de aerossol é mais adequado para aplicação em estudos de qualidade do ar. Os valores de AOD calculados para as diferentes situações foram comparados com aqueles obtidos pela AERONET e com as concentrações anteriormente citadas, buscando uma validação dos mesmos. Valores médios de AOD foram calculados para áreas de 10 km x 10 km ao redor das estações de monitoramento do MP. Testes foram realizados para verificar os efeitos de sazonalidade, da quantidade de água na coluna atmosférica, da resposta da AOD por faixas de concentração de MP10, da geometria do sensor, da presença de nuvens e da presença de aerossol acima da Camada de Mistura (CM). Os resultados foram apresentados por estações com o objetivo de se visualizar diferentes condições sobre a região estudada. Alguns dos fatores relevantes observados durante a comparação entre a concentração de MP10 e a AOD foram: a influência do período do ano e da quantidade de água na coluna atmosférica. A geometria do sensor foi fator determinante para melhora das correlações, quando limitado o ângulo de espalhamento em 140°. Situações em que há ausência de nuvens, identificadas através de imagens do MODIS no visível, também apresentaram melhores resultados. Outro fator de extrema importância foi a estrutura vertical da CM. Através de medidas obtidas de um LIDAR foi verificado que a presença de aerossóis acima da CM, a qual é determinada principalmente pelas condições atmosféricas, é determinante para as correlações entre AOD e o MP. The main purpose of this work was to study the relationship between the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), obtained by remote sensing, and the particulate material concentration (PM10 and PM2.5), near to the surface over the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP). The Aerosol Optical Depth was retrieved based on reflectance measurements provided by MODIS sensors. These sensors are carried aboard EOS-TERRA and EOS-AQUA satellites, which are operated by NASA. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were obtained in the CETESB operational network. Case studies were performed, considering several atmospheric conditions, applying the methodology proposed by CASTANHO (2005), designed both to reduce the uncertainty in the determination of the MODIS derived Optical Depth and to identify which aerosol model is more appropriated for air quality studies. Some derived results were compared with AERONET data and with the previously mentioned concentrations as a cross-check test. Mean AOD values were calculated using 10 km x 10 km area ground around PM monitoring stations. Tests were performed to estimate the effects of seasonality, atmospheric column water content, AOD response to PM10 concentration, sensor geometry, clouds and aerosol concentration above the Mixing Layer (ML). To stress the different conditions of the studied region, the results were presented considering each station. Some of the relevant observed factors in the PM10 concentration and AOD comparison were the year period influence and the atmospheric column water content. The sensor geometry was an important factor to the improvement of the obtained correlations when the scattering angle was bounded to 140°. Cloudless situations, identified by MODIS true color images, also improved the results. Another important factor was the Mixing Layer vertical structure. Using LIDAR measurements it was verified that the presence of aerosols above the ML, which is determined mainly by atmospheric conditions, is crucial for the correlations between AOD and PM.

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COSTA, Marcia Vanessa Gomes. "Estimativa do saldo de radiação na região semiárida da Paraíba por meio de sensoriamento remoto orbital." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1166.

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Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-12T18:49:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCIA VANESSA GOMES COSTA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2015.pdf: 4478888 bytes, checksum: 1438314e0714853727e50726536e9cb7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T18:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCIA VANESSA GOMES COSTA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2015.pdf: 4478888 bytes, checksum: 1438314e0714853727e50726536e9cb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 Capes A energia total que incide sobre a superfície da Terra, afeta diretamente o balanço de radiação à superfície de forma diferenciada, a depender de aspectos biogeofísicos. A obtenção dos fluxos energéticos torna possível o estudo da dinâmica temporal de uma região específica, porém nem sempre é possível obter tais dados, devido ao número limitado de estações micrometeorológicas existentes e/ou disponíveis. Para tanto, torna-se possível a estimativa desses fluxos, como também de índices vegetativos através da utilização de imagens orbitais. O objetivo do presente trabalho é comprovar a eficácia de produtos MODIS/Terra para a estimativa do saldo de radiação para a região semiárida da Paraíba, que é uma região onde predomina o bioma Caatinga, sem a utilização de dados auxiliares de superfície. Foram utilizadas imagens referentes aos dias de ordem do ano: 25, 33, 57, 65, 81, 105, 137, 169, 193, 209, 217, 233, 249, 281, 289, 313, 329 e 361, do ano de 2013, que recobrem o Estado da Paraíba. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada em equações propostas por Bisht e Bras (2011). A validação dos resultados foi realizada com dados de duas torres micrometeorológicas experimentais, ambas estão localizadas em área de caatinga preservada e degradada, situadas no município de Campina Grande, na Paraíba. Para chegar ao resultado do saldo de radiação instantâneo, foram utilizados albedos computados de duas formas: utilizando o MCD43-A3 e o MOD09-A1. Os valores de albedo foram maiores na área degradada. Embora as estimativas tenham sofrido superestimação e subestimação, foi possível comprovar a eficácia do produto MODIS de albedo pronto (MCD43-A3) para a estimativa do saldo de radiação, com o EMP e o EMA de 16,48% e de 79,95 W/m², respectivamente; em contrapartida, o saldo obtido com o MOD09-A1 foi mais satisfatório para a área preservada, com EMP de 16,91% e EMA de 94,35 W/m² para a área degradada. O NDVI apresentou uma correlação negativa com o saldo de radiação. The total energy falling on the surface, directly affects the radiation balance at the surface in different ways, depending on biogeophysical aspects. Obtaining of energy flows makes it possible to study the temporal dynamics of a specific region, but it is not always possible to obtain such data, due to the limited number of micrometeorological stations and / or available. Therefore, it becomes possible to estimate these flows, as well as vegetation indices using satellite images. The objective of this study is to prove the effectiveness of product MODIS / Terra to estimate the net radiation for the semi-arid region of Paraiba, which is a region dominated the Caatinga biome, without the use of auxiliary surface data. Images were used referring to days order of year 25, 33, 57, 65, 81, 105, 137, 169, 193, 209, 217, 233, 249, 281, 289, 313, 329 and 361, the year 2013 that cover the state of Paraíba. The methodology used was based on equations proposed by Bisht and Bras (2011). The validation of the results was performed with two micrometeorological towers experimental data, both are located in preserved and degraded area, located in the city of Campina Grande, Paraiba. To get to the result of the instantaneous net radiation, computed albedos were used in two ways: using the MCD43-A3 and the MOD09-A1. The albedo values were higher in degraded areas. Although estimates have been overestimation and underestimation, it was possible to prove the effectiveness of MODIS Product ready albedo, MCD43-A3, with EMP 16.48% for the radiation balance and the EMA was 79.95 W / m²; on the other hand, the balance obtained with the MOD09-A1 was more suitable for the preserved area with EMP 16.91% and EMA of 94.35 W / m² for the degraded area. The NDVI showed a negative correlation with the radiation balance.

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Giglio, Louis. "Detection, evaluation, and analysis of global fire activity using MODIS data." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3490.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006. Thesis research directed by: Geography. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Mazuelas, Benito Pablo, and Torralbo Ana Fernández. "Landsat and MODIS Images for Burned Areas Mapping in Galicia, Spain." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102481.

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The extent, frequency and intensity of forest fires in Mediterranean regions have become an important problem in recent decades. Nowadays, remote sensing is an essential tool for the planning and management of the land at different scales. In the field of forest fires remote sensing images have been used in many different types of studies and currently applied to detect burned areas by means of images, providing quickly, easily and affordable the limits of burned areas immediately during or after the fire season. The importance of these products lies in the possibility to obtain perimeter, area and damage level caused by wildfires. The objective of this study was the evaluation of multi-scale remotely sensed images and various mapping methods for the identification and estimation of burned areas. The area of the study was situated in Galicia, a region of Spain punished year after year by important wildfires. By employing 7 images before, during and after the occurrence of forest fires, and working with different methods it was possible the collection of several products and results. The satellite imagery used was Landsat TM5 and MODIS, and the methods carried out were mainly spectral indices such as Normalized Burnt Ratio (NBR), Short Wave InfraRed Index (SWIR), Burnt Area Index (BAI), Burnt Area Index for MODIS (BAIM) and supervised classifications. Based on a wide literature review there were selected as suitable techniques for assess, localize and quantify burned areas. The work was separated in two sections, being differenced monotemporal and multitemporal analyses, depending on the images involved in each part. The results showed that which indices can distinguish burned areas with the high precision. There were found common problems of all indices as the classification of burned areas in shaded regions as unburned areas. Landsat images proved to be the most accurate images to perform studies with burned areas due to its high spatial resolution comparing with MODIS images. As a final products were obtained with precision the total burned area, the perimeter, the localization and the burn severity of the regions affected by wildfires. The data obtained could be used to create a database of burned areas, or based in the repetitive patterns, as useful information in order to prevent future forest fires.

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Ceron, Cristobal N. "Operational Actual Wetland Evapotranspiration Estimation for South Florida Using MODIS Imagery." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1454.

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The purpose of this study is to validate the ability of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach and the Simple Method to provide AET estimates for wetland recovery efforts. The study utilizes the MODIS sensor aboard NASA's Terra satellite and SFWMD solar radiation data to derive AET values for South Florida. The SSEB/Simple-Method approach provided mixed results with good agreement with control values during dry season (rave (59) = 0.700, pave < 0.0005) and poor agreement during wet season (rave(46) = 0.137, pave = 0.304). Further refinement is needed to make this method viable for yearly estimates due to the poor performance during wet season months. This approach can prove useful for short term wetland recovery assessment projects that occur during the dry season and/or long term projects that compare AET rates from a site from dry season to dry season.

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Kidd, Joshua. "Detecting Surface Oil Using Unsupervised Learning Techniques on MODIS Satellite Data." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4098.

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The release of crude oil or other petroleum based products into marine habitats can have a devastating impact on the environment as well as the local economies that rely on these waters for commercial fishing and tourism. The Deepwater Horizon catastrophe that started on April 20th 2010 leaked an estimated 4.4 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico over a 3 month period threatening thousands of species and crippling the gulf coast. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) used several satellite remote sensing technologies to manually track and predict the extent and location of oil on the surface of the gulf waters. This thesis proposes a methodology to automatically identify surface oil using an unsupervised clustering algorithm an compares the discovered regions of oil to the reports generated by NOAA during the incident. The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is used to partition the satellite image pixels into groups that represent either oil or not oil. A variety of MODIS data features and image analyzing techniques have been explored to produce the most accurate set of regions.

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Coura, Samuel Martins Costa. "Mapeamento de vegetação do estado de Minas Gerais utilizando dados MODIS." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2006. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/MTC-m13@80/2006/12.21.13.36.

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O uso de imagens de satélite de resolução espacial moderada e resolução temporal quase diária é uma opção viável para o monitoramento da vegetação e de sua dinâmica, seja ela natural ou cultivada. O Estado de Minas Gerais, devido à sua variedade de biomas e fitofisionomias, foi escolhida área de estudo para esta dissertação. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: a) analisar a dinâmica espectral da vegetação; b) avaliar a técnica de restauração de imagens sobre os dados MODIS c) avaliar a acurácia da classificação em função de pontos amostrais coletados em campo; e d) comparar os resultados obtidos com mapas prévios de vegetação desenvolvidos pelo IEF/UFLA. A bordo das plataformas Terra e Aqua, do sensor MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), fornece em especial o produto MOD13 (índices de vegetação - composição de 16 dias, quatro bandas espectrais com 250m de resolução espacial). Com este produto foi organizada uma série temporal para o ano de 2004. Nos resultados obtidos, observou-se que: o comportamento sazonal das fitofisionomias foi diferenciado ao longo do ano indicando influência da sazonalidade. Além disso, a aplicação das técnicas de restauração das imagens MOD13 proporcionou uma melhoria na resolução espacial dessas imagens, alterando a variância e preservando as médias dos dados. A validação dos mapas gerados com base no conjunto de pontos coletados em campo, apresentou índice kappa de 0,73 para mapa oriundo das imagens MOD13 e 0,84 no mapa de referência. A partir da metodologia aplicada, os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os dados do sensor MODIS podem ser usados no monitoramento espectral da vegetação a nível regional, e para o mapeamento efetivo das classes de uso do solo no Estado de Minas Gerais. The use of moderate spatial resolution and almost temporal daily resolution satellite images is a viable option to monitor natural or cultivated vegetation and its dynamics. The State of Minas Gerais in Brazil, due to it´s diverse biomes and fisionomies was selected as the study area for dissertation. The aims of the present work were: (a) to analyze the vegetation spectral dynamics; (b) to evaluate the image restoration technique applied to MODIS data; (c) to evaluate the classification´s accuracy based on the field data; and (d) to compare the obtained results with the reference map generated by IEF/UFLA. The MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on board of Terra and Aqua platforms provides the MOD13A1 product (Vegetation Index in 16 days composition with four spectral bands with 250m spatial resolution). With this MODIS product, it was organized a dataset for 2004. In the obtained results, it was observed that: vegetation seasonal behaviors were differentiated alongo the year, indicating possible ifluence of seasonality. In addition the restoration techniques apllied on MOD13 images improved the spatial resolution, modifying the variance and preserving the mean values of the data. The validation of the generated maps, based on data collected during field work, presented a kappa index of 0.73 for the map derived from MODIS images and 0.84 for the reference map. From the applied methodology, the obtained results allowed to conclude that MODIS sensor data can be used for continuous vegetation monitoring in region level, and for effective land use classing mapping in Minas Gerais State.

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Ghannam, Sherin Ghannam. "Multisensor Multitemporal Fusion for Remote Sensing using Landsat and MODIS Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81092.

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The growing Landsat data archive represents more than four decades of continuous Earth observation. Landsat's role in scientific analysis has increased dramatically in recent years as a result of the open-access policy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). However, this rich data record suffers from relatively low temporal resolution due to the 16-day revisit period of each Landsat satellite. To estimate Landsat images at other points in time, researchers have proposed data-fusion approaches that combine existing Landsat data with images from other sensors, such as MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) from the Terra and Aqua satellites. MODIS provides daily revisits, however, with a spatial resolution that is significantly lower than that of Landsat. Fusion of Landsat and MODIS is challenging because of differences in their spatial resolution, band designations, swath width, viewing angle and the noise level. Fusion is even more challenging for heterogeneous landscapes. In the first part of our work, the multiresolution analysis offered by the wavelet transform was explored as a suitable environment for Landsat and MODIS fusion. Our proposed Wavelet-based Spatiotemporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (WSTARFM) is the first model to merge Landsat and MODIS successfully. It handles the heterogeneity of the landscapes more effectively than the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) does. The system has been tested on simulated data and on actual data of two study areas in North Carolina. For a challenging heterogeneous study area near Greensboro, North Carolina, WSTARFM produced results with median R-squared values of 0.98 and 0.95 for the near-infrared band over deciduous forests and developed areas, respectively. Those results were obtained by withholding an actual Landsat image, and comparing it with a predicted version of the same image. These values represent an improvement over results obtained using the well-known STARFM technique. Similar improvements were obtained for the red band. For the second (homogeneous) study area, WSTARFM produced comparable prediction results to STARFM. In the second part of our work, Landsat-MODIS fusion has been explored from the temporal perspective. The fusion is performed on the Landsat and MODIS per-pixel time series. A new Multisensor Adaptive Time Series Fitting Model (MATSFM) is proposed. MATSFM is the first model to use mapped MODIS values to guide the fitting applied to the sparse Landsat time series. MATSFM produced results with median R-squared of 0.98 over the NDVI images of the first heterogeneous study area compared to 0.97 produced by STARFM. For the second study area, MATSFM also produced better prediction accuracy than STARFM. Ph. D.

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BATRA, NAMRATA. "ESTIMATION AND COMPARISON OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM MULTIPLE SATELLITES FOR CLEAR SKY DAYS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116962910.

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Adhikari, Loknath. "Cloudy condition assessment within an AIRS pixel by combining MODIS and ARM ground-based lidar and radar measurements." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456295781&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Oliveira, Leidjane Maria Maciel de. "Estimativa da Evapotranspiração Real por Sensoriamento Remoto na Bacia do Rio Tapacurá - PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10653.

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Submitted by Eduarda Figueiredo (eduarda.ffigueiredo@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-05T13:32:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira_LMM_2012_Tese.pdf: 7226231 bytes, checksum: 2d0e9aa85bcb012deb83914db596293c (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T13:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira_LMM_2012_Tese.pdf: 7226231 bytes, checksum: 2d0e9aa85bcb012deb83914db596293c (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-03 CNPq Informações quantitativas da evapotranspiração, que constitui importante componente do ciclo hidrológico, são utilizadas na resolução de numerosos problemas que envolvem o manejo da água. Nesta pesquisa utilizou-se o algoritmo Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land – SEBAL aplicado a imagens de satélite do Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer – MODIS, para estimar os balanços de radiação e energia, bem como, a evapotranspiração real diária – ET em escala regional. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Tapacurá no estado de Pernambuco, com doze imagens MODIS dos satélites Terra e Aqua entre os anos de 2010 e 2011. Instalou-se na área de estudo uma estação meteorológica experimental destinada à determinação do balanço de energia pela técnica de Razão de Bowen. Foram processadas cartas temáticas georreferenciadas do albedo da superfície, saldo de radiação, fluxos de calor no solo, sensível, latente e evapotranspiração real. Os resultados evidenciaram boa correlação entre o saldo de radiação medido e o estimado por sensoriamento remoto (R2 = 0,9355). A ET pela Razão de Bowen variou de 3,6 a 4,9 mm dia-1 e pelo algoritmo SEBAL utilizando produtos MODIS foi de 0,0 a 6,0 mm dia-1, sendo seus menores valores registrados em áreas urbanas e os maiores no reservatório do Tapacurá. A validação da ET pelo SEBAL com o Balanço de Energia pela razão de Bowen apresentou Erro Absoluto Médio de 0,38 W m-2, Erro Relativo Médio de 9,15% e Raiz do Erro Quadrático Médio de 0,49 W m-2. Esta pesquisa demonstrou a eficiência da aplicabilidade desta metodologia para estudos da distribuição espacial da ET. O modelo SEBAL pode ser aplicado de forma prática, econômica e eficiente na geração de subsídios à adequada gestão dos recursos hídricos da região.

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Lopez-Burgos, Viviana. "Reducing cloud obscuration on MODIS Snow Cover Area products by applying spatio-temporal techniques combined with topographic effects." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193442.

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Rapid population growth in Arizona is leading to increasing demand and decreasing availability of water, requiring a detailed quantification of hydrological processes. The integration of detailed spatial water fluxes information from remote sensing platforms, and hydrological models is one of the steps towards this goal. One example step is the use of MODIS Snow Cover Area (SCA) information to update the snow component of a land surface model (LSM). Because cloud cover obscures the images, this project explores a rule-based method to remove the clouds. The rules include: combination of SCA maps from two satellites; time interpolation method; spatial interpolation method; and the probability of snow occurrence in a pixel based on topographic variables. The application in sequence of these rules over the Upper Salt River Basin for WY 2005 resulted in a reduction of cloud obscuration by 93.7878% and the resulting images' accuracy is similar to the accuracy of the original SCA maps. The results of this research will be used on a LSM to improve the management of reservoirs on the Salt River. This research seeks to improve SCA data for further use in a LSM to increase the knowledge base used to manage water resources. It will be relevant for regions were snow is the primary source of water supply.

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Acuña, Avalos Sara Isabel. "La cotidianeidad del género: sastres, modistas y costureras en Santiago en la transición al capitalismo (1802-1849)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114320.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Historia mención Historia de Chile No autorizada su publicación a texto completo, según petición de su autor Esta investigación explora el proceso de transformación del artesanado masculino en Santiago de Chile entre 1802 y 1849. En la transición al capitalismo, diversos elementos del artesanado tradicional se vieron trastocados como resultado de la desarticulación de los gremios que velaban por la mantención de diversas prerrogativas masculinas referidas al ejercicio de los oficios y por la consiguiente introducción de nuevos actores al mercado laboral del área del vestuario. Al desaparecer las corporaciones, estos oficios, especialmente aquellos que aparecían como “adecuados al sexo” femenino, como la costura, podrán ser ejercidos tanto por hombres como por mujeres en similares modalidades de producción, generándose un campo simbólico de disputas y una transformación de las relaciones de poder entre ambos, visibles a nivel de sus vínculos cotidianos y en el espacio público.

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Nkwatle, Dikgogodi Josephine. "A narratological analysis of the setswana novel Modiri Modirwa by E.M. Makhele / Dikgogodi Josephine Nkwatle." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/312.

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This mini-dissertation investigates the central elements and aspects of a narratological analysis of Modiri Modinva (He who sows evil, reaps evil) by E.M.Makhele (1985:l-77). The central problem, the aims and objectives are outlined and motivated in the first chapter. Chapter two outlines Balk theory, which distinguishes between elements, including events, actors, time and place, while the aspects include time, narrating rhythm, frequency, characters, space and focalization and narrative instance. According to Bal (1985:7), the story is regarded as the product of imagination, the text as the result of an ordering. For example, the events are arranged in a sequence, which can differ from the chronological sequence. Temporal order works with the relationship between the succession of events in the story and their arrangement in the text. The actors are provided with distinct traits and individualised and transformed into actors. The locations where events occur also have distinct characteristics and are thus transformed into specific places. In chapter three the study analyses these elements and aspects in the Setswana novel Modiri Modinva. Aspects of Batswana cultural identity are also identified and discussed where appropriate. Chapter four deals with the conclusions, and recommendations for future research. It is concluded that a narratological analysis provides a functional tool for identifying these aspects and that it could be used to extend literary scholarship on other Tswana narratives. Thesis (M.A. (Languages))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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Modise, Tumelo Jacob. "Local loop unbundling implementation model in South Africa's information communication and technology sector / T.J. Modise." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3837.

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The cellular operators (Vodacom, Cell C, MTN and now Virgin Mobile) market has over 39-million mobile phone subscribers and the fixed operator (Telkom) has almost 5 million subscribers [13]. Although the telecommunication sector has been experiencing this significant growth (in terms of numbers), monopolisation of the local loop by Telkom has also resulted in communication prices that are not affordable to the majority of South Africans. The government of South Africa has identified cost of telecommunication services as one of the key initiatives that must be addressed to improve equal levels of access to ICT services in general. Local Loop Unbundling (or LLU for short) has been identified by the South African government as a tool that will minimise control that Telkom has over the copper cable connecting exchanges to customers whilst at the same time driving down the costs of Telecommunication in the country. Although some countries have successfully implemented local loop unbundling, some have not been so successful [3]. This dissertation proposes ICT Systems and processes South Africa needs to have in place to become one of the few success stories. The proposed model was validated against the different models adopted in countries like France, Portugal, United Kingdom and Austria. This dissertation develops a model for implementing local loop unbundling in the South African ICT sector. Local loop unbundling (in short LLU) has been successfully (and unsuccessfully) implemented in a number of countries around the world [3]. The model being proposed recommends best practices to be followed by all stakeholders to ensure successful deployment of local loop unbundling. The research takes a closer look at the South African ICT sector and makes recommendations on processes and systems that are necessary to ensure successful deployment of local loop unbundling in South Africa. The dissertation is written from the view of Telkom (The incumbent Operator), competitors (existing ones and new entrants) and the Regulator (ICASA) and focuses mainly on:  Technical Processes and Challenges that must be addressed  Regulatory Process and Challenges that must be addressed  Economic Challenges that must be addressed  Comparison to international ICT Markets and  Recommendations and Conclusions. The dissertation also covers the development of the Local loop unbundling model charter, Local Loop Management website and processes (Annexure A and B) developed (using HTML) used for the management of the unbundling process. Keywords: o Local loop o Caged Co-location Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

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Ribeiro, Eduardo Francisco. "Lineamento regional no norte do Pantanal separando áreas de vegetação fenológica e floristicamente distintas: evidências de diversidade ambiental originada por neotectônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44137/tde-22082017-090048/.

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O Pantanal é uma bacia sedimentar quaternária ativa de baixa declividade que vem sendo preenchida principalmente por megaleques fluviais. Apesar de possuir um relevo plano e uma geologia à primeira vista monótona, o Pantanal é um mosaico de ambientes distintos. A presença, intensidade e duração das inundações é considerada a mais importante causa da variabilidade ambiental, implicando que pequenas variações no relevo tenham drástica influência florística e fenológica. Estas variações espacialmente expressivas geram lineamentos de vegetação e captura de drenagens e estão associadas à neotectônica, também responsável pela sismicidade desta bacia. Para analisar este lineamento de vegetação, foram utilizadas diversas fontes de dados, incluindo imagens de sensoriamento remoto, dados de aeromagnetometria e dados florísticos obtidos em campo. A principal ferramenta foi uma série de 15 anos de imagens NDVI do sensor MODIS (345 imagens compostas de 16 dias). Com estas imagens foi abordada a fenologia da superfície terrestre (FSP) na área do lineamento, a qual apresenta uma notável variabilidade. Foram obtidos perfis temporais tanto contínuos como de um ano médio e uma série de métricas fenológicas, as quais foram analisadas com o auxílio de perfis de varredura e dados estatísticos. Os resultados da FSP demostraram a importante senescência associada ao período de seca ocorrendo apenas na porção a SE do lineamento, com a vegetação a NW permanecendo verde mesmo nos meses sem chuvas expressivas. Dados TRMM (2001-2015) mostram não haver grande diferença na pluviosidade da área do lineamento, e, quando comparados aos dados de NDVI, permitiram demonstrar maior relação entre verdor da vegetação e pluviosidade a SE do lineamento e independência do verdor às chuvas locais a NW. Apesar da indicação de que a área NW está mais baixa do que a área SE, isto não pode ser comprovado pelo modelo digital de elevação SRTM. Os dados florísticos obtidos em 17 parcelas de cobertura florestal em avançado estágio de reflorestação foram tratados em três abordagens: ordenação dos índices de similaridade de Jaccard (J), agrupamento hierárquico destes índices e obtenção do J considerando as parcelas feitas de cada lado do lineamento como amostras de uma mesma área (NW e SE). Os dados de geofísica sugerem que este lineamento seja a continuidade de uma zona de falhas a nordeste do Pantanal associada ao Lineamento Transbrasiliano. O conjunto dos dados caracteriza o lineamento estudado como um limite ambiental entre áreas que inundam com diferentes frequências e durações. Em função da extensão, linearidade e contexto tectônico, considera-se que o lineamento seja a expressão na vegetação de falha com componente vertical de rejeito, mostrando a importância da neotectônica na diversidade ambiental do Pantanal. The Pantanal is an active quaternary sedimentary basin of low slope that is being filled mainly by fluvial megafans. Despite having a flat relief and a geology at first glance monotonous, the Pantanal is a mosaic of different environments. The presence, intensity, and duration of floods are considered the most important cause of environmental variability, implying that small variations in the relief have a drastic floristic and phenological influence. These spatially expressive variations generate vegetation lineaments and stream captures and are associated to neotectonics, responsible for the seismicity of this basin. In order to analyze this vegetation lineament, several data sources were used, including remote sensing images, aeromagnetometry data and floristic data obtained in the field. The main tool was a series of 15 years of MODIS sensor NDVI images (345 composite images of 16 days). With these images, the land surface phenology (LSP) was approached in the region of the lineament, which presents a remarkable variability. Both continuous and one-year average temporal profiles and a series of phenological metrics were obtained, which were analyzed with the aid of swath profiles and statistical data. The LSP results demonstrated the important senescence associated with the drought period occurring only in the SE portion of the lineament, while the NW vegetation remaining green even in the months without expressive rains. TRMM data (2001-2015) showed that there is not a great difference in the rainfall of the region of the lineament, and when compared to the NDVI data, allowed to demonstrate a greater relation between greenness of the vegetation and rainfall to the SE of the lineament and independence of the greenness to the local rainfall to NW. Despite the indication that the NW region is lower than the SE region, this cannot prove by the SRTM digital elevation model. The floristic data obtained in 17 forest plots at an advanced regeneration stage were treated in three approaches: ordering the Jaccard (J) similarity indices, hierarchical clustering of these indices and obtaining the J considering the plots made on each side of the lineament as samples from the same region (NW and SE). The geophysical data suggest that this lineament is the continuity of a fault zone northeast of the Pantanal associated with the TransBrasilian Lineament. The data set characterizes the studied lineament as an environmental boundary between areas that flood with different frequencies and durations. Due to the extension, linearity and tectonic context, it is considered that the lineament is the expression in the vegetation of a fault with vertical displacement component, showing the importance of neotectonics in the environmental diversity of the Pantanal.

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Cardeira, Ana Filipa Fialho. "Draping como processo criativo do vestido de noiva." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18412.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Moda apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre. Com o gosto e o interesse pela área do design de vestidos de noiva, bem como a ambição de obter experiência no ramo, tive oportunidade de realizar um estágio curricular no atelier de Iza Van. Iza Van dedica-se à criação e confeção de vestidos de noivas feitos por medida, com atendimento personalizado. A designer cria vestidos exclusivos para cada uma das suas clientes / noivas – não criando dois vestidos iguais. A técnica mais utilizada pela designer é o draping aplicado ao design. Esta técnica consiste no processo de criar diretamente no manequim com tecido. De imediato, o designer visualiza tridimensionalmente o que idealizou. Esta técnica e/ou este processo de criar é um dos motivos fulcrais para ter realizado o estágio académico neste atelier. Ao longo de três meses, aprofundei o modo como Iza Van trabalha diretamente no manequim. Deste modo, o tópico investigativo recaiu no processo de design do vestido de noiva e na envolvência do cliente no processo criativo, de modo a concluir se o draping oferece benefícios para a criação e porventura para a confeção. O enquadramento teórico começa por entender a importância do vestido de noiva e o seu papel em Portugal, bem como o Branco, enquanto cor tradicional e simbólica do vestido usado pela noiva. De seguida, fez-se um breve estudo sobre as “Modistas e Costureiras – As artesãs da moda”. Foram elas que constituíram uma parte importante da história da moda em Portugal, acrescentando à evolução do draping uma prática preciosa, no que diz respeito ao processo. Por último relatei o meu percurso durante o estágio académico – o meu acompanhamento e observação dos métodos de trabalho, a relação com o cliente e a chegada ao resultado final: o vestido de noiva. ABSTRACT: I had the chance to complete an internship in Iza Van’s atelier, something that was fuelled by my passion and interest for the design of wedding dresses area, as well as my ambition to improve my overall knowledge in the subject. Iza Van is a designer who works in creating and making female wedding dresses custom made. The designer creates unique dresses for each one of their clients/brides – not creating two equal dresses. The most used technique by the designer is draping applied to design. This technique consists in creating directly in the manikin with fabric. With this technique, the designer can also have an immediate three-dimensional view of the project. This technique/process of creating is one of the main reasons why I chose this academical internship in Iza Van’s atelier. Throughout three months I deepened my knowledge in the way Iza Van works directly in the manikin. Therefore, my research topic was focused on the process of wedding dress and in wrapping the clients in the creative process, in order to conclude if the draping offers benefits for the creation as well as for the making. The theorical framework begins by understanding the importance of the wedding dress and its role in Portugal, as well as the White, as traditional and symbolic colour used by brides. After this, a brief study about “Dressmakers and Seamstresses – fashion artisans”. It was them who had a huge contribute for the fashion history in Portugal, adding to the evolution of draping a valuable practice. Lastly, I reported my course throughout the academical internship – my thoughts and opinions about the working methods, my relationship with the client and the reaching of the result: the wedding dress. N/A

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Bleha, Jessica Anne. "Development and application of a MODIS driven snowmelt model in northwestern Montana." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-133602/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modisti'

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