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Journal articles on the topic 'MODIFIED HISTOGRAM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Tang, Jing Rui, and Nor Ashidi Mat Isa. "Bi-histogram equalization using modified histogram bins." Applied Soft Computing 55 (June 2017): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.01.053.

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2

Patil, Varsha, and Tanuja Sarode. "Modified CSLBP." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2950-2959.

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<p>Image hashing is an efficient way to handle digital data authentication problem. Image hashing represents quality summarization of image features in compact manner. In this paper, the modified center symmetric local binary pattern (CSLBP) image hashing algorithm is proposed. Unlike CSLBP 16 bin histogram, Modified CSLBP generates 8 bin histogram without compromise on quality to generate compact hash. It has been found that, uniform quantization on a histogram with more bin results in more precision loss. To overcome quantization loss, modified CSLBP generates the two histogram of a fo

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3

Vorobel, R. A., O. R. Berehulyak, I. B. Ivasenko, and T. S. Mandziy. "Modified method of image histogram hyperbolization." Information extraction and processing 2021, no. 49 (2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2021.49.052.

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One of the methods to improve image quality, which consists in increasing the resolution of image details by contrast enhancement, is to hyperbolize the image histogram. Herewith this increase in local contrast is carried out indirectly. It is due to the nature of the change in the histogram of the transformed image. Usually the histogram of the input image is transformed so that it has a uniform distribution, which illustrates the same contribution of pixels gray level to the image structure. However, there is a method that is based on modeling the human visual system, which is characterized

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Skianis, G. Aim, Th Gournelos, D. Vaiopoulos, and K. Nikolakopoulos. "A STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MODIFIED TRANSFORMED VEGETATION INDEX MTVI." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 3 (2017): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11339.

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In the context of a recent research on the performance of vegetation indices we have shown, with the aid of probability theory, that the shape and width of the histogram of the Transformed Vegetation Index TVI is controlled by the ratio of the standard deviation of the Red band to that of the NIR band. Therefore a modification of the mathematical expression of the TVI vegetation index may produce images with a varying tonality contrast. In the present paper the modified transformed vegetation index MTVI is introduced, the value of which is controlled by a positive parameter c. A theoretical st

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Berlinet, Alain, Gérard Biau, and Laurent Rouvière. "Parameter selection in modified histogram estimates." Statistics 39, no. 2 (2005): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331880500059713.

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6

Kollem, Sreedhar, K. Ramalinga Reddy, and D. Sreenivasa Rao. "Image Denoising by using Modified SGHP Algorithm." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 2 (2018): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp971-978.

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In real time applications, image denoising is a predominant task. This task makes adequate preparation for images looks prominent. But there are several denoising algorithms and every algorithm has its own distinctive attribute based upon different natural images. In this paper, we proposed a perspective that is modified parameter in S-Gradient Histogram Preservation denoising method. S-Gradient Histogram Preservation is a method to compute the structure gradient histogram from the noisy observation by taking different noise standard deviations of different images. The performance of this meth

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7

Zhuang, Liyun, and Yepeng Guan. "Image Enhancement Using Modified Histogram and Log-Exp Transformation." Symmetry 11, no. 8 (2019): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11081062.

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An effective method to enhance the contrast of digital images is proposed in this paper. A histogram function is developed to make the histogram curve smoother, which can be used to avoid the loss of information in the processed image. Besides the histogram function, an adaptive gamma correction for the histogram is proposed to stretch the brightness contrast. Moreover, the log-exp transformation strategy is presented to progressively increase the low intensity while suppressing the decrement of the high intensity. In order to further widen the dynamic range of the image, the nonlinear normali

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8

Santhi, K., and R. S. D. Wahida Banu. "Adaptive contrast enhancement using modified histogram equalization." Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 126, no. 19 (2015): 1809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.05.023.

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9

Santhi, K., and R. S. D. Wahida Banu. "Contrast enhancement by modified octagon histogram equalization." Signal, Image and Video Processing 9, S1 (2014): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-014-0643-6.

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10

Chen, Yung-Yao, Kai-Lung Hua, Yun-Chen Tsai, and Jun-Hua Wu. "Photographic Reproduction and Enhancement Using HVS-Based Modified Histogram Equalization." Sensors 21, no. 12 (2021): 4136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124136.

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Photographic reproduction and enhancement is challenging because it requires the preservation of all the visual information during the compression of the dynamic range of the input image. This paper presents a cascaded-architecture-type reproduction method that can simultaneously enhance local details and retain the naturalness of original global contrast. In the pre-processing stage, in addition to using a multiscale detail injection scheme to enhance the local details, the Stevens effect is considered for adapting different luminance levels and normally compressing the global feature. We pro

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11

Chan, Kelvin, Raymond Chan, and Mila Nikolova. "A Convex Model for Edge-Histogram Specification with Applications to Edge-Preserving Smoothing." Axioms 7, no. 3 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms7030053.

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The goal of edge-histogram specification is to find an image whose edge image has a histogram that matches a given edge-histogram as much as possible. Mignotte has proposed a non-convex model for the problem in 2012. In his work, edge magnitudes of an input image are first modified by histogram specification to match the given edge-histogram. Then, a non-convex model is minimized to find an output image whose edge-histogram matches the modified edge-histogram. The non-convexity of the model hinders the computations and the inclusion of useful constraints such as the dynamic range constraint. I

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12

K, Ribana. "Image Enhancement using Modified Histogram Equalization with DSIHE." IJARCCE 6, no. 1 (2017): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2017.6162.

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13

Sundaram, M., K. Ramar, N. Arumugam, and G. Prabin. "Histogram-modified local contrast enhancement for mammogram images." International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 9, no. 1 (2012): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbet.2012.047371.

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14

Skosan, Marshalleno, and Daniel Mashao. "Modified Segmental Histogram Equalization for robust speaker verification." Pattern Recognition Letters 27, no. 5 (2006): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2005.09.009.

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Sundaram, M., K. Ramar, N. Arumugam, and G. Prabin. "Histogram Modified Local Contrast Enhancement for mammogram images." Applied Soft Computing 11, no. 8 (2011): 5809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2011.05.003.

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16

Poddar, Shashi, Deewakar Sharma, Ashish Ghosh, Suman Tewary, Vinod Karar, and Sankar K. Pal. "Non-parametric modified histogram equalisation for contrast enhancement." IET Image Processing 7, no. 7 (2013): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2012.0507.

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17

Hsu, Wei-Yen, and Ching-Yao Chou. "Medical Image Enhancement Using Modified Color Histogram Equalization." Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 35, no. 5 (2015): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40846-015-0078-8.

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18

Sandulyak, A. A., V. A. Ershova, A. V. Sandulyak, and M. N. Pugacheva. "The Characteristic Sizes of Ferromagnetic Impurity Working Environments (for raw data histograms)." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 2, no. 1 (2008): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69726.

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The dispersed composition of ferro-admixtures in foodstuffs is studied. An ordinary histogram is transformed into a modified histogram showing the portion of particles in total volume (mass, concentration). It enables identifying of particle predominant sizes.

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19

Rudikov, S. I., V. Yu Tsviatkou, and A. P. Shkadarevich. "Dynamic range reduction of infrared images based on adaptive equalization, stretch and compression of histogram." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 66, no. 4 (2021): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2021-66-4-470-482.

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The problem of reducing the dynamic range and improving the quality of infrared (IR) images with a wide dynamic range for their display on a liquid crystal matrix with 8-bit pixels is considered. To solve this problem in optoelectronic devices in real time, block algorithms based on local equalization of the histogram are widely used, taking into account their relatively low computational complexity and the possibility of taking into account local features of the brightness distribution. The basic adaptive histogram equalization algorithm provides reasonably high image quality after conversion

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20

Zhao, Yu Qian, and Zhi Gang Li. "FPGA Implementation of Real-Time Adaptive Bidirectional Equalization for Histogram." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.215.

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According to the characteristics of infrared images, a contrast enhancement algorithm was presented. The principium of FPGA-based adaptive bidirectional plateau histogram equalization was given in this paper. The plateau value was obtained by finding local maximum and whole maximum in statistical histogram based on dimensional histogram statistic. Statistical histogram was modified by the plateau value and balanced in gray scale and gray spacing. Test data generated by single frame image, which was simulated by FPGA-based real-time adaptive bidirectional plateau histogram equalization. The sim

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21

Lee, Chang-Young, and Nam-Ho Kim. "A Study on Edge Detection using Modified Histogram Equalization." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 19, no. 5 (2015): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2015.19.5.1221.

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22

M., Rajeshkumar. "Quad Histogram based Color Feature Extraction and Modified Convolutional Neural Network for Weed Classification." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP4 (2020): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201469.

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23

Murali, V., and T. Venkateswarlu. "A Novel Technique for Automatic Image Enhancement using HTHET Approach." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.1.2123.

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Image enhancement techniques are methods used for producing images with better quality than the original image. None of the existing methods increase the information content of the image, and are usually of little interest for subsequent automatic analysis of images. In this paper, automated Image Enhancement is achieved by carrying out Histogram techniques. Histogram equalization (HE) is a spatial domain image enhancement technique, which effectively enhances the contrast of an image. We make use of Transformation and Hyperbolization techniques for automatic image enhancement. However, while

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24

Jagatheeswari, P., S. Suresh Kumar, and M. Mary Linda. "Quadrant Dynamic with Automatic Plateau Limit Histogram Equalization for Image Enhancement." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/302732.

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The fundamental and important preprocessing stage in image processing is the image contrast enhancement technique. Histogram equalization is an effective contrast enhancement technique. In this paper, a histogram equalization based technique called quadrant dynamic with automatic plateau limit histogram equalization (QDAPLHE) is introduced. In this method, a hybrid of dynamic and clipped histogram equalization methods are used to increase the brightness preservation and to reduce the overenhancement. Initially, the proposed QDAPLHE algorithm passes the input image through a median filter to re

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25

Overton, W. Roy. "Modified histogram subtraction technique for analysis of flow cytometry data." Cytometry 9, no. 6 (1988): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990090617.

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26

Chan, Wai Ti. "Conditional Noise Filter for MRI Images with Revised Theory on Second-order Histograms." International Journal on Robotics, Automation and Sciences 3 (November 8, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/ijoras.2021.3.5.

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Previous research by the author has the theory that histograms of second-order derivatives are capable of determining differences between pixels in MRI images for the purpose of noise reduction without having to refer to ground truth. However, the methodology of the previous research resulted in significant false negatives in determining which pixel is affected by noise. The theory has been revised in this article through the introduction of an additional Laplace curve, leading to comparisons between the histogram profile and two curves instead of just one. The revised theory is that differenc

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27

Babu, P., V. Rajamani, and K. Balasubramanian. "Multipeak Mean Based Optimized Histogram Modification Framework Using Swarm Intelligence for Image Contrast Enhancement." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/265723.

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A novel approach, Multipeak mean based optimized histogram modification framework (MMOHM) is introduced for the purpose of enhancing the contrast as well as preserving essential details for any given gray scale and colour images. The basic idea of this technique is the calculation of multiple peaks (local maxima) from the original histogram. The mean value of multiple peaks is computed and the input image’s histogram is segmented into two subhistograms based on this multipeak mean (mmean) value. Then, a bicriteria optimization problem is formulated and the subhistograms are modified by selecti

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28

Wang, Gui Zhou, and Guo Jin He. "A Modified Multi Scale Retinex with Color Restoration Algorithm for Automatic Enhancement of Landsat-5 Remote Sensing Image." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.893.

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The retinex is a human perception based image processing algorithm which provides color constancy and dynamic range compression. The multi scale retinex with color restoration (MSRCR) has shown itself to be a very versatile automatic image enhancement algorithm that simultaneously provides dynamic range compression, color constancy, and color rendition. But the MSRCR results suffer from lower global brightness and partial color distortion. In order to improve the MSRCR method, this paper presents a modified MSRCR algorithm to Landsat-5 image enhancement considering percent liner stretch and hi

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29

Clifford, M. J., K. A. Simmons, J. Roberts, and T. D. Truscot. "Computational fluid dynamics modelling of a static mixer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 220, no. 3 (2006): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062c06405.

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In this paper, the data from physical experiments are used to quantify the mixing efficiency of a static mixer injected with two coloured streams of fluid. Two image analysis techniques are investigated - counting striations and a modified mixing index approach based on creating a histogram of greyscale values from the digitized image. The histogram approach is identified as the more promising and establishes the method for a future, more detailed study Data from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the mixer were analysed using the modified mixing index approach. Comparison to experi

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Liu, Dong Mei, Tao Zhang, Chuan Li Yin, and Xiao Qiang Ji. "An Embedded Infrared Image Enhancement System Based on DSP and FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 505 (April 2012): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.505.263.

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According to the disadvantage of the large noises of histogram equalization algorithm, a new adaptive image enhancement algorithm is presented. First, the statistical histogram of the infrared image is done. Then the threshold of plateaus Equalization is calculated and the statistical histogram is modified. Finally the bright values of the pixels of the image are changed. An embedded high speed image enhancement processing system on high performance DSP TMS320DM642 and FPGA was designed. Experimental results with real images shown that the system can improve the contrast of the infrared image,

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31

Zhuang, Liyun, and Yepeng Guan. "Image Enhancement via Subimage Histogram Equalization Based on Mean and Variance." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6029892.

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This paper puts forward a novel image enhancement method via Mean and Variance based Subimage Histogram Equalization (MVSIHE), which effectively increases the contrast of the input image with brightness and details well preserved compared with some other methods based on histogram equalization (HE). Firstly, the histogram of input image is divided into four segments based on the mean and variance of luminance component, and the histogram bins of each segment are modified and equalized, respectively. Secondly, the result is obtained via the concatenation of the processed subhistograms. Lastly,

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32

Holmes, Philip M., Kun-Hui Chen, Hyungkyi Lee, James Fitzsimmons, Shawn O'Driscoll, and Matthew W. Urban. "Evaluating a modified delay-multiply-and-sum reconstruction algorithm to improve detection of osteochondritis dissecans." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015971.

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Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a focal joint defect that is prevalent among youth athletes. With the application of medical ultrasound, OCD of the humeral capitellum could be detected earlier and prevent surgery. In this work, we tested a modified Delay-Multiply-and-Sum (DMAS) reconstruction algorithm to evaluate how it affects medical ultrasound’s ability to detect OCD. Starting with the DMAS reconstruction algorithm described by Matrone et al. (2015), we modified the implementation of filtering and envelope detection steps. Delay-and-Sum (DAS), DMAS, and modified DMAS algorithms were tes

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33

Thulasimani, K., and K. Selvamani. "Improve Detection Rate using Modified Histogram of Gradient for Pedestrian Classification." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 9 (2016): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.00814.5.

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34

Kermani, Ali, Ahmad Ayatollahi, Ahmad Mirzaei, and Mohammad Barekatain. "Medical ultrasound image segmentation by modified local histogram range image method." Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 03, no. 11 (2010): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2010.311140.

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35

Astola, Laura, and Jaap Molenaar. "A New Modified Histogram Matching Normalization for Time Series Microarray Analysis." Microarrays 3, no. 3 (2014): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microarrays3030203.

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36

Shanmugavadivu, P. "Modified Histogram Equalization for Image Contrast Enhancement Using Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 1, no. 5 (2011): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcseit.2011.1502.

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37

Kareem, Hana H. "Color image with Dim regions Enhancement Using Modified Histogram Equalization Algorithm." Journal of Al-Nahrain University Science 15, no. 3 (2012): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/jnus.15.3.15.

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38

A. Kandeel, Amany, Alaa M. Abbas, Mohiy M. Hadhoud, and Zeiad El Saghir. "A Study of a Modified Histogram Based Fast Enhancement Algorithm (MHBFE)." Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal 5, no. 1 (2014): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/sipij.2014.5105.

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39

Kandhway, Pankaj, and Ashish Kumar Bhandari. "Modified clipping based image enhancement scheme using difference of histogram bins." IET Image Processing 13, no. 10 (2019): 1658–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2019.0111.

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40

Deng, Tingting, Tong Xing, Madison K. Brod, et al. "Discovery of high-performance thermoelectric copper chalcogenide using modified diffusion-couple high-throughput synthesis and automated histogram analysis technique." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 9 (2020): 3041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee02209h.

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41

DeMartinis, F. D. "Very small fat cell populations determined by a modified osmium tetroxide-urea method." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 249, no. 1 (1985): C89—C96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1985.249.1.c89.

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To facilitate investigations on very small fat cell (VSFC) populations in adipose tissue, an alternate method of preparing fat tissue samples was explored. The osmium tetroxide-8M urea method, modified by addition of a 95% ethanol step in tissue processing, centrifugation between steps, and final resuspension in 55% glycerol in 0.01% Triton-saline, was compared with the collagenase method for determination of VSFC populations in Fischer 344 epididymal and Sprague-Dawley retroperitoneal adipose depots. For each method and in both depots, the average histogram of 300 adipocyte diameters, measure

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42

Younis, Dr Basma MohammedKamal, and Dua’a Basman Younis. "Fuzzy Image Processing Based Architecture for Contrast Enhancement in Diabetic Retinopathy Images." International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology 12, no. 4 (2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47277/ijceit/12(4)1.

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Diabetic retinopathy” is damage to retina denotes one of the problems of diabetes which is a significant reason for visual infirmity and blindness. A comprehensive and routine eye check is important to early detection and rapid treatment. This study proposes a hardware system that can enhance the contrast in the diabetic retinopathy eye fundus images as a first step in different eye disease diagnoses. The fuzzy histogram equalization technique is proposed to increases the local contrast of Diabetic Retinopathy Images. First, a histogram construction hardware architecture for different image pr

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43

Chinegeram, Kalyani, Ramudu Kama, and Ganta Raghotham Reddy. "Enhancement and Segmentation of Medical Images Using AGCWD and ORACM." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 13 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i13.18501.

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<p>Images that are obtained in the real world in low contrast are inappropriate for human eyes to read the medical images. Enhancement and segmentation have an important role to play in digital image processing, pattern recognition, and the computer vision. Here, this paper presents an effective way of changing histograms and improving contrast in digital images. Segmentation is done on AGCWD enhanced images. Histogram equalization is an important technique for contrast enhancement. Nevertheless, modern Histogram Equalization commonly results in unnecessary contrast enhancement, which in

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S N, Lohith Raj. "Using Median-LBPH Algorithm for Real-Time Face Recognition System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (2021): 1497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39038.

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Abstract: The LBPH algorithm is used ubiquitously for Face Recognition applications in modern times because of its simplicity of implementation, despite providing high accuracy and less computation time. However, in conditions of varied illumination, face expression and angles at which face images are captured, its confidence is decreased. We propose a slightly modified algorithm that considers the median of the neighbourhood pixels rather than the pixel itself to overcome this issue. This algorithm is called Median-LBPH. The grey value of every pixel is replaced by the median of all the neigh

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45

Munarko, Yuda, and Agus Eko Minarno. "HII: Histogram Inverted Index For Fast Images Retrieval." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (2018): 3140. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3140-3148.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>This work aims to improve the speed of search by creating an indexing structure in CBIR system. We utilised an inverted index structure that usually used in text retrieval with a modification. The modified inverted index is built based on histogram data that generated using Multi Texton Histogram (MTH) and Multi Texton Co-Occurrence Descriptor (MTCD) from 10,000 images of Corel dataset.

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46

Sivasubramanian, Nandhini, Gunaseelan Konganathan, and Yeragudipati Venkata Ramana Rao. "High capacity multi-bit data hiding based on modified histogram shifting technique." ETRI Journal 40, no. 5 (2018): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2018-0089.

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47

Thamaraichelvi, Balan. "Modified fuzzy clustering-based segmentation through histogram combined with K-NN classification." International Journal of Medical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 5 (2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmei.2021.117730.

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48

Thamaraichelvi, Balan. "Modified fuzzy clustering-based segmentation through histogram combined with K-NN classification." International Journal of Medical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 5 (2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmei.2021.10041113.

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49

Dhal, Krishna Gopal, and Sanjoy Das. "Colour retinal images enhancement using modified histogram equalisation methods and firefly algorithm." International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 28, no. 2 (2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbet.2018.094725.

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Dhal, Krishna Gopal, and Sanjoy Das. "Colour retinal images enhancement using modified histogram equalisation methods and firefly algorithm." International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 28, no. 2 (2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbet.2018.10015722.

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