Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modification chimique ou enzymatique'
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Longo, Maria Asuncion. "Modification d'enzymes par voie chimique et enzymatique : étude de leurs propriétés." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0006.
Thoumy, Véronique. "Propriétés fonctionnelles d'extraits protéiques de farine de blé après modification chimique ou enzymatique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1A518.
Thoumy, Véronique. "Propriétés fonctionnelles d'extraits protéiques de farine de blé après modification chimique ou enzymatique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10694.
Nugier-Chauvin, Caroline. "Modifications regioselectives du saccharose par voie chimique et/ou enzymatique." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10071.
Brudieux, Véronique. "Extraction, modification enzymatique et caractérisation chimique de nouvelles structures pectiques : application de la relation structure/activité à la dermocosmétique." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7d830b54-6fee-461e-8c54-9cd84e773544/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4060.pdf.
Polysaccharides and, more particularly, pectins are molecules of biological interest that, as exemplified by the present work, can be used by the dermocosmetic industry. The SILAB company and the Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles mounted a joint prospective study on this theme. Firstly, we studied the chemical variability of type I rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I) extracted from 11 different plant materials. Experimental protocols designed for three of these materials (chestnut bran, apple marc and grape marc) have been transferred and optimised at a scale allowing their industrialization and, for one of them (chestnut bran), its marketing. The chemical structure of the tested RG-I explained their ability to modulate keratinocyte proliferation. In a second part, we studied a substituted galacturonan of the apiogalacturonan family, extracted from the seaweed Zostera marina. We characterized the chemical structure of this polysaccharide by the means of NMR spectroscopy and we studied its properties in relation to cellular and molecular oncology
Minard, Philippe. "Évaluation des capacités fonctionnelles des cofacteurs pyridiniques après modifications chimiques et biochimiques : utilisation d'un système enzymatique autorégénérant." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD003.
LALOT, THIERRY. "Contribution a la modification chimique des polymeres par catalyse enzymatique etude de la transesterification regioselective d'oligo(acrylates de methyle) catalysee par la lipase de mucor miehei." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066187.
Claisse, Nathalie. "Préparation et modification d'oligosaccharides de cellulose par chimie douce bio-inspirée." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849149.
Abdoul-Zabar, Juliane. "Etude de la transcétolase de Geobacillus stearothermophilus et modification de son énantiosélectivité par ingénierie enzymatique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020606.
Eid, Georges. "Nouveaux dérivés lipophiles ou amphiphiles de composés phénoliques bio-sourcés à propriétés antioxydantes, anti-inflammatoires et/ ou anti-prolifératives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0166.
The decrease in easily accessible petrochemical resources has given over the past ten years a growing interest in the use of raw materials of renewable origin. The primary wood processing industry generates large amounts of waste each year which are currently either recycled to other sectors such as paper mills or the panel industry, or used as a source of energy, and therefore to markets with low added value. The project is situated in this context of sustainable development, circular economy and valorization of co-products of the wood industry by the exploitation of secondary metabolites present in wood, such as phenolic compounds, and more precisely flavonoids, which are indeed of interest in various fields because of their biological activities.The objective of this work is to functionalize accessible and abundant compounds in order to obtain polyfunctional compounds with 2-in-1 properties and thus be able to simplify cosmetic formulations. Functionalization has been considered by two routes: chemical hemisynthesis and/or enzymatic catalysis.By chemical hemisynthesis we were able to obtain bi-modular compounds by combining a fatty acid and a non-glycosylated flavonoid, in this case we worked with catechin. Direct acylations on the phenolic hydroxyls of catechin have been studied and the regioselectivity has been demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by molecular modelling. We have also obtained tri-modular compounds by chemical hemisynthesis by combining different amino acids, as well as fatty acids of variable length with catechin. Three different trimodular structures have been synthesized.By enzymatic hemisynthesis we have synthesized tri-modular compounds, from glycosylated flavonoids, rutin and narignin, aiming for the grafting of fatty acids of different chain lengths but this time on the glycosidic part of the flavonoids. We have also synthesized penta-modular compounds resulting from the grafting of a dicarboxylic acid on naringin or rutin. These compounds comprise two flavonoid entities grafted on either side of the carbon chain of the diacid.At the end of these syntheses, the physico-chemical properties of the products were studied, in particular their solubility in water, their anti-radical properties but also the surfactant properties. Some biological activities have also been studied such as antiproliferative activity against CaCo2 cells. In order to understand the effect of the structure of the compounds on their antioxidant capacity, molecular modeling work has been undertaken; correlations between the antioxidant activity of compounds determined experimentally and chemical reactivity descriptors calculated in silico were sought
Lohmann, Jérôme. "Copolymères à blocs « hybrides » à base de xyloglucane et de polymère vinylique en combinant modification chimio-enzymatique et polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10096.
Xyloglucan from tamarind seeds (XG) is a natural occurring polysaccharide. The association of the xyloglucan with a vinylic polymer part in an “hybrid” natural/synthetic block copolymer architecture gives the possibility to take advantages of its self-assembly in aqueous solution. We propose in this manuscript two synthetic strategies giving rise to “hybrid” block copolymers, based on chemo-enzymatic modification of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and controlled radical polymerization MADIX of vinylic monomers: acrylamide (Am), vinyl acetate (AcV), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The “starting from” strategy consists in MADIX controlled radical polymerization of a vinylic monomer starting from a modified oligosaccharide bearing one/two polymerizable group(s). The “coupling onto” strategy consists in a coupling by “click chemistry” between vinylic polymer obtained by controlled radical polymerization of a chain transfer agent bearing an azide function and a modified oligosaccharide bearing an alkyne function. Four families of “hybrid” block copolymers were thus obtained (XG-b-PAm, PAm-b-XG-b-PAm, XG-b-PAcV, XG-b-PNVP). A previous physic-chemical study in solution of these copolymers has also been achieved suggesting the formation of polymersomes
Lohmann, Jérôme. "COPOLYMÈRES À BLOCS « HYBRIDES » À BASE DE XYLOGLUCANE ET DE POLYMÈRE VINYLIQUE EN COMBINANT MODIFICATION CHIMIO-ENZYMATIQUE ET POLYMÉRISATION RADICALAIRE CONTRÔLÉE." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495724.
Lambert, Christine. "Influence de la modification du microenvironnement réactionnel sur la catalyse enzymatique : modulation par des cosolvants hydrosolubles du comportement de la lipoxygénase-1 du soja." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD737.
Simiand, Cécile. "Modifications régio- et stéréosélectives du saccharose." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10180.
BOLLECKER, SOPHIE. "Modifications chimiques et enzymatiques des proprietes fonctionnelles des proteines du gluten de ble." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2018.
Wirth, Petra. "Enzymes en solvants organiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619244x.
Merle-Desnoyers, Anne-Marie. "Modification des propriétés rhéologiques et fonctionelles du gluten de blé par des traitements chimiques et enzymatiques." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10592.
Toussaint, Bertrand. "Autohydrolyse rapide du bois de peuplier Populus Trémula : modifications ultrastructurales, hydrolyse enzymatique, inhibitions et réversions." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10051.
Madad, Nidal. "Fractionnement et polymérisation enzymatique des lignosulfonates de sodium : études structurale, chimique, physico-chimique et cinétique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL055N/document.
This work aims to study the effect of diafiltration and enzymatic polymerization on the heterogeneity, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of lignosulfonates in solution. Membrane fractionation process was carried out by diafiltration. The lignosulfonates were fractionated into five fractions with different molecular weights and polydispersity ranging from 1400 g mol-1 to 19500 g mol-1 and from 1.4 to 3.5, respectively. The results indicate that diafiltration allows obtaining fractions which have enhanced and/or different properties from unfractionated product and a less heterogeneous distribution. Fractions with a weight average molecular weight between 2500 g mol-1 and 4300 g mol-1 have the largest concentration of hydroxyl and sulfonic groups which affect their properties, since they exhibit surface and antioxidant activities higher than unfractionated lignosulfonates. The enzymatic polymerization of lignosulfonates by laccase was studied in the presence or absence of mediator. The polymerization of lignosulfonates was observed as a product of their oxidation by SEC. The main factors influencing the polymerization of lignosulfonates are (i) a very high concentration of lignosulfonates (ii) the use of fungal laccases (laccase from Trametes versicolor) with a high redox potential (iii) the use of acetosyringone or violuric acid as mediator. The effect of the reactor mode (batch, continuous and semi continuous) of the polymerization of lignosulfonates has been reported. Comparison of the results of the three modes has shown that the continuous mode led to a significant increase in molecular weight (30600 Da) and the largest decrease of the polydispersity of the synthesized polymers (3.7). Thus, this mode of conducting the reaction is more suitable for homogeneous products
Tara, Ahmed. "Modification chimique de l'amidon par extrusion réactive." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000171.pdf.
The starch finds many non-food applications after hydrothermal and/or chemical transformation (depolymerization, crosslinking, reactions of esterification, etherification. . . ). One of the objectives of this research work is to study the possibility of modifying this material by reactive extrusion, in particular to carry out the cationization of a wheat starch which finds one of its principal applications in paper industry. It is then used as an agent of coating or surfacing. The reactive extrusion process compares the extruder to a chemical reactor working continuously and it makes it possible to combine in only one operation several processes traditionally carried out in batch. Within the framework of this study, we sought to determine the influence of the operating conditions of the extruder (Clextral BC 21) on the reaction of cationization of a wheat starch, but also the influence of the reagent type and concentration, as well as their position of injection. The development of a specific die rheometer enabled us to measure the viscosity of various materials and to show, for the first time, that the reaction of cationization does not modify starch viscosity. In addition to their increased solubility, starches modified by reactive extrusion represent properties which are completely similar to that of commercial cationic starches prepared in batch. We have also studied the modeling of the cationization process in twin-screw extruder. The confrontation of the simulation results with experimental measurements always proved to be satisfactory. The developed model allowed the optimization of the screw profile of the laboratory extruder and the extrapolation to a machine of bigger size (Clextral BC 45). For applications in paper mill, this study allows the extrapolation to an industrial scale of the cationization process of the wheat starch
Tara, Ahmed Tighzert Lan. "Modification chimique de l'amidon par extrusion réactive." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000171.pdf.
Lion, Valérie née Andronik. "Formation de NO par oxydation enzymatique et chimique d'amidines et d'amidoximes." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P633.
Montplaisir, Daniel. "Modification chimique de la pâte thermomécanique de résineux /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24789474R.pdf.
Mulder-Houdayer, Stéphanie. "Modification chimique en milieu latex des polyisoprènes époxydés." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066344.
GHANDCHI, PEYMAN. "Modification chimique de la cellulose par greffage d'hydrogels." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066211.
Saule, Myriam. "Modification chimique du polypropylène par thermolyse de peroxydes." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12520.
Montplaisir, Daniel. "Modification chimique de la pâte thermomécanique de résineux." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1834/1/000135168.pdf.
Bernard, Pascale. "Synthèse par voie enzymatique : étude comparative de milieux réactionnels." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL002N.
Missoum, Karim. "Modification chimique de surface de NanoFibrilles de Cellulose (NFC)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072240.
Xavier, Christophe. "Modification chimique de polybutadiènes en vue d'une réticulation thermoréversible." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10577.
Derouet, Daniel. "Modification chimique des polydiènes par les réactifs trihalogéméthyle fonctionnels." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1006.
Derouet, Daniel. "Modification chimique des polydiènes par les réactifs trihalogénométhyle fonctionnels." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613058m.
Najemi, Loubna. "Synthèse de matériaux biodégradables par modification chimique de l'amidon." Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET4006.
This work includes one part of the synthesis pf poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) graft starch and a second part dedicated to the evaluation of biodegrability of the various synthesized materials. A family of polyester-graft-starch has been synthesized through εCL polymerization « Grafting from » and the grafting of PCL « Grafting Onto ». A new organic catalyst, N methyl-Imidazole (NMI), is employed in « Grafting from » technique leading to short polyester graft (Dpn 2~3) without homopolymer formation. These derivatives have been well characterized by several methods (NMR, HR-MAS NMR, IR, MEB, RX. . . ). Kinetic studies have been achieved with mono functional alcohol (benzyl alcohol) and hexa functional alcohol (mannitol) to understand the sole of such nucleophilic catalyst. « Grafting Onto » technique uses carbodiimidazole (CDI) as coupling agent. This method permits to synthesize PCL-graft starch bearing controlled polyester length, reticulated (difunctional PCL) or not (mono functional PCL). In a last part, the biodegradation of these starches is studied using respirometry under natural soil conditions. Specific microorganisms activities (actinomycetes and bacteria) from this soil is also described
Chamouleau, Françoise. "Étude et modélisation de la cinétique de synthèse enzymatique de palmitates de glucose et de fructose." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL120N.
The aim of this work is to study the kinetics of sugar esters synthesis in the presence of glucose or fructose and palmitic acid. These syntheses were conducted at 60°C in 2-methyl-2-butanol. Immobilised lipase B of Candida antarctica was used as biocatalyst. The explored parameters in this study are: the origin of lipase, the nature of the support, the type of immobilisation, the quantity of water and the solubility and dissolution rate of sugars. These studies showed that these reactions are affected mainly by the quantity of water, the solubility and the dissolution rate of sugars. The control of water by the use of molecular sieves allowed to reach a conversion yield of fatty acid about 98% for two sugars. However the reactions in the presence of glucose are slower compared to these conducted with fructose. This behaviour is due to the low solubility of the glucose (14 mM). The obtained results were structured in the form of a Bi-Bi ping pong kinetics model. This model was validated in a broad domain of concentrations of substrates and enzymes. It was used thereafter as a tool to define the best conditions of these reactions
Mkedder, Ilham. "Modification et dégradation enzymatique de polysaccharides : investigation par imagerie et diffusion de rayonnement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770180.
Courtois, Fabienne. "Etudes mécanistiques de la cyclopropane Fatty Acid synthase d' Escherichia coli." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066017.
Boussac, Patrick. "Synthèse de la L-phénylalanine à partir du phénylacétaldéhyde par voie chimique et enzymatique." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON26134.
Fraschini, Carole. "Synthèse de maltooligosaccharides linéaires et cycliques régiosélectivement modifiés par voie chimique et/ou enzymatique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10020.
The first section of this work describes the synthesis of new cyclodextrins selectively oxidized and highly soluble in water, using TEMPO radical as chemical mediator in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. Optimisation of experimental conditions, using statistical experimental design, allowed us to control the oxidation degree of primary alcohol groups. Inclusion properties of monooxidized a- and b-cyclodextrins with aromatic model compounds were studied by NMR spectroscopy. In the second section, we present the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of selectively modified maltooligosaccharides starting from cyclodextrin monoderivatives. These compounds, not very accessible by a chemical way, were obtained in good yields. These results provided new information about the specificity of the catalytic sites of CGTase and amyloglucosidase
Poaty-Poaty, Bouddah. "Modification chimique d'antioxydants pour les rendre lipophiles: application aux tannins." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411819.
Phinyocheep, Pranee. "Synthèse d'élastomères photoréticulables par modification chimique du caoutchouc naturel liquide." Le Mans, 1988. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/1998/1988LEMA1019.pdf.
MAZEAUD, BRIGITTE. "Modification chimique de polyisobutenes porteurs d'extremite vinylidene par des thiols." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066246.
GIUSTI, CLEMENTINE. "Modification chimique d'enzymes par des reactifs thioacylants : proprietes et applications." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN2060.
Ben, Aicha Ons. "Modification de surface des fibres de PA6,6 par greffage chimique." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-1-2.pdf.
Poaty-Poaty, Bouddah. "Modification chimique d’antioxydants pour les rendre lipophiles : application aux tannins." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10033/document.
In the order to use natural antioxidants in lipidic substances, we wanted to make lipophilic of tannins by grafting on them carbonaceous chains through mild and simple chemical modifications. First, we used model substrates of tannins (phenol, catechol, gallic acid and mostly catechin) in experiments of alkylation, acylation, esterification by a fatty acid or a fatty alcohol, or, with regard to catechin, grafting of a carbonaceous chain variable length by a coupling reaction of the oxa-Pictet-Spengler type between the cycles C and B. Then, an application of the same synthesis to tannins of chestnut (Castanea sativa), oak (Quercus pedunculata), quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) and grape seed (Vitis vinifera) was a success, especially for the coupling oxa-Pictet-Spengler. All derivatives of model molecules or rough tannins acquired a lipophilic character as proven by the measurement of the coefficient of partition between water and the octanol. The antioxidant properties of model molecules, rough and modified tannins were measured by two methods: inhibition of the induced oxidation of the methyl linoleate and reactivity with the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH). The antioxidant properties are well preserved after modification
Phinyocheep, Pranee. "Synthèse d'élastomères photoréticulables par modification chimique du caoutchouc natutrel liquide." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376176405.
Ben, Aicha Ons Perwuelz Anne. "Modification de surface des fibres de PA6,6 par greffage chimique." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2004. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/411.
N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3438. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Poaty-Poaty, Bouddah Perrin Dominique Dumarcay Stéphane. "Modification chimique d'antioxydants pour les rendre lipophiles application aux tannins /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2009_0033_POATY-POATY.pdf.
Peydecastaing, Jérôme. "Etude de la modification chimique du bois par des anhydrides mixtes." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001271/.
The chemical modification of wood with mixed anhydrides with aim to improve its properties has been investigated. Unsymmetrical acetic-fatty anhydrides were obtained after reaction between acetic anhydride and a fatty acid and two consecutive equilibrated reactions were put in evidence, yielding at equilibrium also a fatty anhydride in low proportion. Cellulose and Scots pine sawdust were treated by mixed anhydride mixtures and yielded lowly substituted mixed esters with different acetyl/fatty acyl ratios. The hydrophobicity of the esters, measured by water vapor sorption, was correlated to the total DS whereas the contact angle depended only on the fatty acyl substitution and was reached even at very low degree of substitution (DS=3. 10-4). The treatment of wood blocks resulted in high dimensional stability (Anti-swelling efficiency ASE of 90%) and depended on the total grafting whatever was the acyl group grafted. Mechanical properties of the treated wood were found to be preserved
LOUBAT-HUGEL, CLAIRE. "La cholesterol oxydase : modification chimique et specificite, mecanisme de l'activite isomerase." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13031.
Paillot, Pierrick. "Modification chimique, greffage et dispersion d'agents fonctionnels pour des applications antimicrobiennes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES006/document.
Today the cosmetic market is one of the most popular in the world. French people use many these products everyday as for examples, creams or shampoos. In order to protect the cosmetic products, the manufacturers introduced during these last year additives or conservative agents in cosmetic products to increase the shelf life or avoid a microbial contamination after a direct contact with the skin of consumers. However, recent years have also revealed that the consumer mindsets evolve and now, they would like cosmetics more natural, without addition of additives. In this context, it was interesting to work on the cosmetics protection by other ways. Firstly, we think immediately to the protection by use of packaging. The objective is to modify the current packaging to bring an antimicrobial activity and protect the cosmetics. This work presents different technologies of fabrication and modification of polymers to get an antimicrobial activity. For this, two techniques were studied. A first technology has consisted to develop antimicrobial coating at low temperature. This way has demonstrated possibilities of creation by photo-polymerization under UV radiations. Initially, the antimicrobial agents were introduced in liquid monomers before the polymerization and the fabrication of polymer networks. The final coatings were finally destiny to be added on specific areas of packaging, generally in contact with the consumers and prevent all risks of microbial contaminations from the products. The second technology has studied a way of polymer fabrication more industrial at high temperature. The technique has consisted to create antimicrobial pellets by extrusion with introductions of different natures of additives. The obtain pellets were injected at the end to fabricate certain pieces of the final packaging. This work has allowed the realization of a large range of antimicrobial materials. All the studied solutions have been used to fabricate prototype packaging in collaboration with partner companies of the project. All these prototypes will be tested by antimicrobial tests in real conditions of uses. If these tests prove successful, it will be possible to envisage an industrialization step