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Journal articles on the topic 'Modied seismic intensity measures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Sarker, Sajib, Dookie Kim, Md Samdani Azad, Chana Sinsabvarodom, and Seongoh Guk. "Influence of Optimal Intensity Measures Selection in Engineering Demand Parameter of Fixed Jacket Offshore Platform." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2021): 10745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210745.

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This research identifies the significant optimal intensity measures (IM) for seismic performance assessments of the fixed offshore jacket platforms. A four-legged jacket platform for the oil and gas operation is deployed to investigate the seismic performance. The jacket platform is applied with nonlinearly modeled using finite element (FE) software OpenSees. A total of 80 ground motions and 21 different IMs are incorporated for numerical analyses. Nonlinear time-history analyses are performed to obtain the jacket structure’s engineering demand parameters (EDP): peak acceleration and displacement at the top of the structure. Four important statistical parameters: practicality, efficiency, proficiency, and coefficient of determination, are then calculated to find the significant IMs for seismic performance of the jacket structure. The results show that acceleration-related IMs: effective design acceleration (EDA), A95 parameter, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) are optimal IMs, and the acceleration-related IMs have good agreements with the acceleration-related EDP.

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2

Kim, Jin-Seon, Ju-Seong Jung, Dong-Keun Jung, Eui-Yong Kim, and Kang-Seok Lee. "Seismic Strengthening Effects of Full-Size Reinforced Concrete Frame Retrofitted with Novel Concrete-Filled Tube Modular Frame by Pseudo-Dynamic Testing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 4898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114898.

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The present study proposes a new seismic retrofitting method using a concrete-filled tube modular frame (CFT-MF) system, a novel technique to overcome and improve the limitations of existing seismic strengthening methods. This CFT-MF seismic retrofitting method makes the most of the advantages of both concrete and steel pipes, thereby significantly improving constructability and increasing integration between the existing structure and the reinforcement joints. This method falls into the category of typical seismic retrofitting methods that focus on increasing strength, in which the required amount of seismic reinforcement can be easily estimated. Therefore, the method provides an easy solution to improving the strength of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures with non-seismic details that are prone to shear failure. In the present study, a full-size two-story test frame modeled from existing domestic RC structures with non-seismic details was subjected to pseudo-dynamic testing. As a result, the effect of the CFT-MF system, when applied to existing RC structures, was examined and verified, especially as to its seismic retrofitting performance, i.e., restoring force characteristics, stiffness reinforcement, and seismic response control. In addition, based on the pseudo-dynamic testing results, a restoring force characteristics model was proposed to implement non-linear dynamic analysis of a structure retrofitted with the CFT-MF system (i.e., the test frame). Finally, based on the proposed restoring force characteristics, non-linear dynamic analysis was conducted, and the results were compared with those obtained by the pseudo-dynamic tests. The results showed that the RC frame (building) with no retrofitting measures applied underwent shear failure at a seismic intensity of 200 cm/s2, the threshold applied in seismic design in Korea. In contrast, in the frame (building) retrofitted with the CFT-MF system, only minor earthquake damage was observed, and even when the maximum seismic intensity (300 cm/s2) that may occur in Korean was applied, small-scale damage was observed. These results confirmed the validity of the seismic retrofitting method based on the CFT-MF system developed in the present study. The non-linear dynamic analysis and the pseudo-dynamic test showed similar results, with an average deviation of 10% or less in seismic response load and displacement.

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3

Maharjan, Sony, and Shobha Shrestha. "An Assessment of Earthquake Risk in Thecho of Kathmandu Valley Nepal: Scenario and Reality." Geographical Journal of Nepal 11 (April 3, 2018): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v11i0.19553.

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Natural disaster cannot be stopped but its effect can be minimized or avoided by adopting technology and necessary human adjustment. Earthquake is a natural event which occurs without early warning signs. Computer based earthquake scenarios are used worldwide to describe and estimate the damage from potential earthquakes. The current study is an attempt to explore potential risk with respect to physical infrastructure and assess modeled and actual physical damage and human loss caused by different earthquake scenario and actual 2015 earthquake event in Thecho of Kathmandu valley. The earthquake scenario is based on two nearest fault lines. Risk Assessment Tools for the Diagnosis of Urban Seismic Risk (RADIUS) method has been applied for estimation of potential building damage and casualties..The research has adopted integrated approach using secondary and primary data sources such as field observation, key informant survey and building survey through purposive random sampling.The study found that potential building damage estimated by RADIUS for Gorkha 2015 earthquake scenario and North-west (Khokana) are lower than the actual post-earthquake assessment whereas North earthquake scenario resulted higher loss. Actual damage caused by 2015 earthquake compared to modeled damage from RADIUS is found higher because additional damaged were made by successive aftershocks. Spatial distribution of potential building damage for earthquake scenarios and actual 2015 earthquake event is also variable. North-Nuwakot Earthquake Scenario resulted more hazardous than the North-Khokana scenario though the location of epicenter is relatively farther with high intensity. The study concluded that though earthquake occurrence and disaster is still less predictable risk assessment tools like RADIUS and mitigation measures based on such is important for reducing risk of earthquake disaster.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 127-136, 2018

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4

Lin, Lan, Nove Naumoski, Murat Saatcioglu, and Simon Foo. "Improved intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand analysis. Part 2: application of the improved intensity measures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-111.

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This is the second of two companion papers on improved intensity measures of strong seismic ground motions for use in probabilistic seismic demand analysis of reinforced concrete frame buildings. The first paper discusses the development of improved intensity measures. This paper describes the application of the developed intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand analysis. The application is illustrated on the three reinforced concrete frame buildings (4, 10, and 16-storey high) that were used in the first paper. This involved computations of the seismic responses of the structures and the seismic hazard using the improved intensity measures. The response and the hazard results were then combined by means of probabilistic seismic demand analysis to determine the mean annual frequencies of exceeding specified response levels due to future earthquakes (i.e., the probabilistic seismic demands). For the purpose of comparison, probabilistic seismic demand analyses were also conducted by employing the spectral acceleration at the fundamental structural periods (Sa(T1)) as an intensity measure, which is currently the most used in practice. It was found that the use of the improved intensity measures results in significantly lower seismic demands relative to those corresponding to the intensity measure represented by Sa(T1), especially for long period structures.

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5

Lin, Lan, Nove Naumoski, Murat Saatcioglu, and Simon Foo. "Improved intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand analysis. Part 1: development of improved intensity measures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-110.

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This is the first of two companion papers on improved intensity measures of strong seismic ground motions for use in probabilistic seismic demand analysis. It describes the formulation and the development of new intensity measures. The second paper illustrates the application of the developed intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand analysis. The development of the intensity measures was based on investigations of the seismic responses of three reinforced concrete frame buildings (4, 10, and 16-storey high) designed for Vancouver. The buildings were subjected to a selected set of seismic motions scaled to different intensity levels. Maximum interstorey drifts obtained from nonlinear dynamic analyses were used as response parameters. Based on the results from the analyses, two intensity measures are proposed: one for short- and intermediate-period buildings, and another one for long-period buildings. The proposed intensity measures are superior compared to that represented by the spectral acceleration at the fundamental building period (Sa(T1)), which is currently the most widely used intensity measure in probabilistic seismic demand analysis.

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6

Grigoriu, M. "Do seismic intensity measures (IMs) measure up?" Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics 46 (October 2016): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2016.09.002.

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7

O’Reilly, Gerard J. "Seismic intensity measures for risk assessment of bridges." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 3671–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01114-z.

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8

Bantilas, Kosmas E., Ioannis E. Kavvadias, Magdalini Tyrtaiou, and Anaxagoras Elenas. "Hilbert–Huang-Transform-Based Seismic Intensity Measures for Rocking Response Assessment." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031634.

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Structures that can uplift and rock under severe seismic excitations present remarkable stability without exhibiting damage. As such, rocking-response-based structural systems constitute a promising design practice. Due to the high nonlinearity of the rocking response, the seismic performance of this class of structures should be evaluated probabilistically. From this point of view, in the present study, the performance of 12 novel HHT-based intensity measures (IMs) in describing the seismic behavior of typical rocking viaducts was assessed based on optimal IM selection criteria. To this end, a comparative evaluation of the performance between the proposed and 26 well-known conventional IMs was presented. Moreover, bivariate IMs were also considered, and seismic fragilities were provided. Finally, the classification of the seismic response was conducted using discriminant analysis, resulting in a reliable and rapid estimation of the maximum seismic demand. Based on the results, it is evident that HHT-based IMs result in an enhanced estimation of the seismic performance of the examined structural system.

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9

Bradley, Brendon A., Misko Cubrinovski, Rajesh P. Dhakal, and Gregory A. MacRae. "Intensity measures for the seismic response of pile foundations." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 29, no. 6 (June 2009): 1046–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.12.002.

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10

Bakalis, Konstantinos, Mohsen Kohrangi, and Dimitrios Vamvatsikos. "Seismic intensity measures for above-ground liquid storage tanks." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 47, no. 9 (April 26, 2018): 1844–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3043.

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11

Shinoda, Masahiro, Susumu Nakajima, Kenji Watanabe, Susumu Nakamura, Ikumasa Yoshida, and Yoshihisa Miyata. "Practical seismic fragility estimation of Japanese railway embankments using three seismic intensity measures." Soils and Foundations 62, no. 4 (August 2022): 101160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2022.101160.

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12

Deng, Yong Jun, Yong Yao, and Dai Guo Chen. "Seismic Damage Analysis and Reinforcement Measures Research of a Long-Span Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1338.

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Abstract: Taking a Practical Big Span Stadium Project as the Background, in View of its Particularity that it Suffered Earthquake Damage and Fortification Intensity Increased after Earthquake, through the Field Detection and Finite Element Model to Analyze Earthquake Damage of Structure Caused by Wenchuan Earthquake, and Research the Feasibility of Seismic Strengthening with Hadas on the Structure Whose Fortification Intensity Increased after Earthquake. the Results Show that: 1) the Big Span Structure Severely Damage by the Earthquake, the Second Layer Is Relatively Weak Layer, Prone to Local Damage and Affect Whole Anti-seismic Performance of Structure, 2) Hadas Can Increase the Initial Stiffness and Effectively Reduce the Structure Seismic Response, Has Better Effect on Overall Reinforcement, 3) it Is Reasonable to Improve the Seismic Fortification Intensity of this Region.

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13

Li, Bo, and Zhen Cai. "Effectiveness of vector intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand assessment." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 155 (April 2022): 107201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107201.

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14

Du, Ao, Jamie E. Padgett, and Abdollah Shafieezadeh. "A posteriori optimal intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 681–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0484-8.

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15

Lin, L., and Y. L. Gao. "Inelastic Versus Elastic Displacement-Based Intensity Measures for Seismic Analysis." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 6 (December 2014): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2014.v6.744.

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16

Chen, Zhi-xiong, Yin Cheng, Yang Xiao, Liang Lu, and Yang Yang. "Intensity measures for seismic liquefaction hazard evaluation of sloping site." Journal of Central South University 22, no. 10 (October 2015): 3999–4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2944-5.

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17

Tothong, Polsak, and Nicolas Luco. "Probabilistic seismic demand analysis using advanced ground motion intensity measures." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 36, no. 13 (2007): 1837–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.696.

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18

Chen, Xiao Ming, Jin Duan, Hu Qi, and Yun Gui Li. "Structural Performance under Seismic over Predesigned Intensity." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1005.

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Structures are designed based on the seismic precautionary intensity, which is regulated by the government for each county. The basic target is to avoid the structure collapse under rare expected earthquake by the method of FEA and kinds of seismic measures, but buildings may encounter the seismic action with much higher intensity, the structural performance in this situation is researched by numerical methods in this paper. By controlling the parameters of displacement angle, axial compression and so on, the results show that the buildings may possess greater potential than expected.

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19

Fukushima, Sei’ichiro. "Vector-Valued Fragility Analysis Using PGA and PGV Simultaneously as Ground-Motion Intensity Measures." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0407.

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Seismic risk analysis usually expresses ground-motion intensity using a single index such as peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral acceleration for a specified period, or peak ground velocity (PGV). Limiting the number of indices, however, adds greater uncertainty when estimating annual failure probability given by convolving seismic hazard and fragility curves. This is because information other than ground-motion intensity is missing. Author proposed seismic hazard analysis using PGA and PGV simultaneously as groundmotion input measures. After analyzing the correlation coefficient between PGA and PGV using K-NET and KiK-net databases, probabilistic seismic hazard for seven sites in Kanto district in Japan was evaluated. In this study, seismic fragility analysis using PGA and PGV is conducted followed by advantage of vector-valued fragility analysis.

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20

Luo, Zhanyou, Yongheng Deng, Baoping Zou, Jianfeng Zhu, Mingyao Jiang, and Kuangqin Xie. "Study on Field Test and Seismic Performance of MJS Joint Microdisturbance Reinforcement on Existing Tunnel." Shock and Vibration 2021 (September 25, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7709050.

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Metro Jet System (MJS) joint microdisturbance reinforcement is often adopted to strengthen and remediate existing tunnels that are severely deformed by under-construction peripheral works, but analysis related to the reinforcement system of tunnel under consideration of seismic effects is insufficient at present. In this work, a field test of MJS joint microdisturbance reinforcement system of existing tunnels was conducted on the basis of a subway tunnel deformation reinforcement project. Then, a numerical simulation study of the seismic dynamic response of reinforcement system was performed in combination with seismic wave direction and intensity. Results show that the MJS joint microdisturbance reinforcement measures can effectively reduce the settlement and horizontal radial convergence deformation of the tunnel. The seismic longitudinal wave significantly affects the vertical displacement of the tunnel, and the seismic-induced vertical displacement of the tunnel increases with the rise in seismic intensity. The seismic transverse wave significantly affects the horizontal radial convergence deformation of the tunnel, and the seismic-induced horizontal radial convergence deformation of the tunnel increases with the rise in seismic intensity. The antiseismic property of MJS joint microdisturbance reinforcement measures on the existing tunnel is not obvious.

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21

Bradley, Brendon A. "Empirical Correlations between Cumulative Absolute Velocity and Amplitude-Based Ground Motion Intensity Measures." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 1 (February 2012): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3675580.

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Empirical correlation equations are developed between cumulative absolute velocity ( CAV) and other common ground motion intensity measures, namely, peak ground acceleration ( PGA), peak ground velocity ( PGV), 5% damped pseudo spectral acceleration ( SA), acceleration spectrum intensity ( ASI), spectrum intensity ( SI), and displacement spectrum intensity ( DSI). It is found that, for a given earthquake rupture, CAV has the strongest correlation with high and moderate frequency intensity measures (IMs), that is, ASI, PGA, PGV and high-frequency SA, and to a lesser extent with low frequency IMs ( DSI and low-frequency SA). The largest positive correlations of approximately 0.7 however are not high in an absolute sense, a result of the cumulative nature of CAV. The equations allow estimation of the joint distribution of these intensity measures for a given earthquake rupture, enabling the inclusion of CAV, and its benefit as a cumulative intensity measure, in seismic hazard analysis, ground motion selection, and seismic response analysis.

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22

Huff, Tim. "Inelastic Seismic Displacement Amplification for Bridges: Dependence upon Various Intensity Measures." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 23, no. 1 (February 2018): 04017031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000355.

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23

Kavvadias, Ioannis E., Georgios A. Papachatzakis, Kosmas E. Bantilas, Lazaros K. Vasiliadis, and Anaxagoras Elenas. "Rocking spectrum intensity measures for seismic assessment of rocking rigid blocks." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 101 (October 2017): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.07.021.

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24

Ciano, M., M. Gioffrè, and M. Grigoriu. "The role of intensity measures on the accuracy of seismic fragilities." Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics 60 (April 2020): 103041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2020.103041.

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25

Wang, Gang. "Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements." Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-012-0138-x.

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26

Mollaioli, Fabrizio, Andrea Lucchini, Yin Cheng, and Giorgio Monti. "Intensity measures for the seismic response prediction of base-isolated buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 11, no. 5 (February 12, 2013): 1841–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9431-x.

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27

Li, Si-Qi, and Paolo Gardoni. "Empirical seismic vulnerability models for building clusters considering hybrid intensity measures." Journal of Building Engineering 68 (June 2023): 106130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106130.

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28

Yazdannejad, Kowsar, and Azad Yazdani. "Prediction of seismic demand model for pulse-like ground motions using artificial neural networks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 12 (December 2017): 1022–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0043.

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A probabilistic seismic demand model that relates ground motion intensity measures (IMs) to the structural demand measures is a useful tool for reliability analysis of structures. It is common to utilize the scalar seismic parameters or a vector of a few seismic parameters to reveal ground motion uncertainty. However, for the qualification of an IM for representing the ground motion uncertainty, a larger vector of greater seismic component is required. This study aims to use more parameters as vector IMs in the demand model to achieve better estimation of the ground motion uncertainty. In this study, three-layer feed forward neural network was used to predict the seismic demand model of the mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings for pulse-like ground motions. The results indicate that due to the complexity of the relationship between seismic response of structures and seismic intensity parameters, using artificial neural networks method is more suitable than numerical methods to show uncertainties.

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29

Cheng, Yin, Tongtong Liu, Jianfeng Wang, and Chao-Lie Ning. "Empirical Correlations of Spectral Input Energy with Peak Amplitude, Cumulative, and Duration Intensity Measures." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112, no. 2 (November 2, 2021): 978–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210164.

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ABSTRACT In earthquake engineering, it is acknowledged that a vector of intensity measures (IMs) can better predict seismic structural responses than a single measure. Hence, a vector of IMs is widely applied in a number of applications, such as probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, probabilistic seismic risk analysis, and ground-motion selections. Spectral input energy (EI) has been demonstrated as a promising IM in earthquake engineering, especially in the energy-based seismic design of structures. However, this important measure has not been included in the vector of IMs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to incorporate EI with other important IMs by examining correlations. This study analyzes the empirical correlations of spectral EI with peak amplitude-based IMs, cumulative-based IMs, and duration-related IMs. It is found that spectral absolute EI has strong correlations with peak ground velocity at all investigated periods. However, spectral EI is negatively correlated with duration-based IMs. To demonstrate the applicability of the examined correlations, a simple example is finally presented by employing EI for the ground-motion selections and seismic hazard assessment based on the generalized conditional intensity measure approach.

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30

Zhang, Yu-Ye, Yong Ding, and Yu-Tao Pang. "Selection of Optimal Intensity Measures in Seismic Damage Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges Subjected to Far-Fault Ground Motions." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 09, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431115500037.

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The intensity measures of ground motions are closely related to the damage of bridge structures. However, it is difficult for engineers to select these parameters to predict the potential damage of cable-stayed bridges under earthquakes. This paper investigated the correlation between the intensity measures of far-fault ground motions and the damage of cable-stayed bridges. 322 far-fault ground motions were selected, and 26 available intensity measures in the literatures were chosen to carry out comparative analysis on a cable-stayed bridge with a single pylon. The nonlinear finite element model of this bridge was built, considering the stiffness degradation of concrete and low-cycle fatigue effect of steel. It is concluded in this study that velocity spectral intensity (VSI) is the optimal intensity measure for seismic damage analysis of cable-stayed bridges subjected to far-fault ground motions, followed by spectral acceleration at fundamental period and Housner intensity. Five commonly used intensity measures, namely peak ground acceleration (PGA), the ratio of PGA to peak ground velocity (PGA/PGV), specific energy density (SED), predominant period (Tp) and mean period (Tm), demonstrate low correlations with the bridge damage. In particular, there is very weak correlation between the conventionally used PGA and the seismic damage of cable-stayed bridges.

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31

Katsura, Shin’ya, Yoko Tomita, Nobutomo Osanai, Chiaki Inaba, Masashi Arai, and Osamu Saguchi. "Emergency Response to Sediment-Related Disasters Caused by Large Earthquakes in Japan - the Case of the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008 -." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0315.

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Learning the lessons to be taught by large earthquakes of the past is one key to solving the problems of sediment-related disasters of the future, including slope failures, deep-seated landslides, and landslide dam (natural barriers formed by landslides). Our case subject is the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008 and the emergency response to disasters of Japan’s central government and other organizations. The earthquake occurred on 14th June 2008 and had a JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum seismic intensity of 6 upper on the JMA seismic intensity scale. The hypocenter in a mountainous area underlain by thick volcanic ejecta triggered over 3,000 slope failures, deep-seated landslides, and debris flows. The earthquake created 15 landslide dams which were expected to cause serious damage downstream if dams collapsed. Emergency measures taken included channel excavation and pumping of landslide dams. Moreover, emergency checking of potential danger sites immediately after the earthquake found 20 sites requiring emergency measures. The relationship between seismic intensity and sites of slope failure and deep-seated landslide showed that seismic intensity exceeding 5 upper caused such disasters and required emergency checking.

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32

Zhu, Hanbo, and Changqing Miao. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of the Reinforced Concrete Continuous Bridge Piers Based on Machine Learning and Symbolic Regression Fusion Algorithms." Shock and Vibration 2021 (December 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8969389.

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In the fragility analysis, researchers mostly chose and constructed seismic intensity measures (IMs) according to past experience and personal preference, resulting in large dispersion between the sample of engineering demand parameter (EDP) and the regression function with IM as the independent variable. This problem needs to be solved urgently. Firstly, the existing 46 types of ground motion intensity measures were taken as a candidate set, and the composite intensity measures (IMs) based on machine learning methods were selected and constructed. Secondly, the modified Park–Ang damage index was taken as EDP, and the symbolic regression method was used to fit the functional relationship between the composite intensity measures (CIMs) and EDP. Finally, the probabilistic seismic demand analysis (PSDA) and seismic fragility analysis were performed by the cloud-stripe method. Taking the pier of a three-span continuous reinforced concrete hollow slab bridge as an example, a nonlinear finite element model was established for vulnerability analysis. And the composite IM was compared with the linear composite IM constructed by Kiani, Lu Dagang, and Liu Tingting. The functions of them were compared. The analysis results indicated that the standard deviation of the composite IM fragility curve proposed in this paper is 60% to 70% smaller than the other composite indicators which verified the efficiency, practicality, proficiency, and sufficiency of the proposed machine learning and symbolic regression fusion algorithms in constructing composite IMs.

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33

Heshmati, Mahdi, and Vahid Jahangiri. "Appropriate intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand estimation of steel diagrid systems." Engineering Structures 249 (December 2021): 113260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113260.

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34

Jahangiri, Vahid, Mahdi Yazdani, and Mohammad Sadegh Marefat. "Intensity measures for the seismic response assessment of plain concrete arch bridges." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 9 (February 22, 2018): 4225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0334-8.

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35

Masi, Angelo, Leonardo Chiauzzi, Giuseppe Nicodemo, and Vincenzo Manfredi. "Correlations between macroseismic intensity estimations and ground motion measures of seismic events." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 5 (January 7, 2020): 1899–932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00782-2.

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36

Bradley, Brendon A. "Seismic Hazard Epistemic Uncertainty in the San Francisco Bay Area and Its Role in Performance-Based Assessment." Earthquake Spectra 25, no. 4 (November 2009): 733–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3238556.

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This paper investigates epistemic uncertainty in the results of seismic hazard analyses for the San Francisco Bay Area and their role in the broader picture of seismic performance assessment. Using the 2002 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities earthquake rupture forecast, epistemic uncertainty in the seismic hazard for several different intensity measures and sites in the San Francisco Bay Area is investigated. Normalization of the epistemic uncertainty for various sites and intensity measures illustrates that the uncertainty magnitude can be approximately estimated as a function of the mean exceedance probability. The distribution of the epistemic uncertainty is found to be dependent on the set of alternative ground-motion prediction equations used but is frequently well approximated by the lognormal distribution. The correlation in the hazard uncertainty is observed to be a function of the separation between the two different intensity levels, and a simple predictive equation is proposed based on the data analyzed. Three methods for the propagation of seismic hazard epistemic uncertainty are compared and contrasted using an example of the 30-year collapse probability of a structure. It is observed that, for this example, epistemic uncertainty in the collapse capacity is more influential than that in the seismic hazard.

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37

Hu, Da Lin, Yong Wang Zhang, Feng Chen, and Long Gang Chen. "Study on Seismic Performance of Single Pylon Cable-Stayed Bridge at High Intensity Seismic Region." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.197.

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Seismic design of long-span single pylon cable-stayed bridge at high intensity seismic region has been a difficult issue for designers. There is few references in this aspect at present. Based on the research achievements and the engineering background of a single pylon cable-stayed bridge at high intensity seismic region of East China, a full bridge model is established to analyze dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of the structure. According to the characteristics of excessive displacements of the pylons and main beams and greater plastic deformations of the pylons and the piers when the bridge is under strong earthquake, the damping effect of viscous dampers on the bridge is discussed. The results show that it is necessary to take measures to absorb seismic shocks. The results of this study can be as a reference for seismic design of similar bridges.

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Dadpour, Omid, and Mehdi Banazadeh. "Probabilistic Seismic Response Models for Risk Assessment and Design of Steel Moment Frames with Linear Viscous Dampers." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 1 (February 2019): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/031117eqs046m.

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The use of supplemental viscous damping significantly improves the seismic performance of buildings; however, a design procedure that considers seismic risk is necessary. The aim of this article is to simplify the seismic risk assessment of mid-rise steel frames with linear viscous fluid dampers by employing probabilistic models and a reliability analysis. The development of a probabilistic seismic response model (PSRM) to predict the structural response without performing extensive computation is a principal component of this methodology. The design and modeling of generic frames, record selection, cloud analysis, assessment of candidate intensity measures, and use of vector-valued intensity measures are the primary aspects of this study, the goal of which is to put forward a PSRM for the target frames. Comparison of the PSRM outcome with the results of case studies demonstrates the acceptable accuracy of the models for the design earthquake; these models lead to a reduction in the computation and complexity involved in selecting design variables to achieve a target risk.

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Wang, Zhenming, David T. Butler, Edward W. Woolery, and Lanmin Wang. "Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Tianshui Urban Area, Gansu Province, China." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/461863.

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A scenario seismic hazard analysis was performed for the city of Tianshui. The scenario hazard analysis utilized the best available geologic and seismological information as well as composite source model (i.e., ground motion simulation) to derive ground motion hazards in terms of acceleration time histories, peak values (e.g., peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity), and response spectra. This study confirms that Tianshui is facing significant seismic hazard, and certain mitigation measures, such as better seismic design for buildings and other structures, should be developed and implemented. This study shows that PGA of 0.3 g (equivalent to Chinese intensity VIII) should be considered for seismic design of general building and PGA of 0.4 g (equivalent to Chinese intensity IX) for seismic design of critical facility in Tianshui.

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Chávez López, Robespiere, and Edén Bojórquez-Mora. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis using a new ground motion intensity measure." DYNA 83, no. 195 (February 23, 2016): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v83n195.50231.

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The main objective of this work is to compute the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for a region of Mexico using a new ground motion intensity measure which is based on the spectral acceleration and a parameter proxy of the spectral shape named Np. The motivation of using this new ground motion intensity measure is because recently it has demonstrated its potential in predicting the response of buildings subjected to earthquakes. In fact, it was demonstrated that intensity measures based on Np are more efficient compared with other parameter of the literature. It is important to mention that this is the first time that a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is performed using this new intensity measurement.

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Xu, Ming-Yang, Da-Gang Lu, Xiao-Hui Yu, and Ming-Ming Jia. "Selection of optimal seismic intensity measures using fuzzy-probabilistic seismic demand analysis and fuzzy multi-criteria decision approach." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 164 (January 2023): 107615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107615.

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Rivera-Vargas, Darío, and Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni. "Seismic demand analysis using environmental contours of vector-valued ground motion intensity measures." Engineering Structures 265 (August 2022): 114526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114526.

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Vargas-Alzate, Yeudy F., Jorge E. Hurtado, and Luis G. Pujades. "New insights into the relationship between seismic intensity measures and nonlinear structural response." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 20, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 2329–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01283-x.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the probabilistic analysis of Intensity Measures (IMs) and Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) in the context of earthquake-induced ground motions. Several statistical properties, which are desirable in IMs when they are used to predict EDPs, have been analysed. Specifically, efficiency, sufficiency and steadfastness have been quantified for a set of IMs with respect to two EDPs: the maximum inter-storey drift ratio, MIDR, and the maximum floor acceleration, MFA. Steadfastness is a new statistical property proposed in this article, which is related to the ability of IMs to forecast EDPs for large building suites. In other words, this means that efficiency does not significantly vary when different types of buildings are simultanously considered in the statistical analyses. This property allows reducing the number of calculations when performing seismic risk estimations at urban level since, for instance, a large variety of fragility curves, representing specific building typologies, can be grouped together within a more generic one. The main sources of uncertainty involved in the calculation of the seismic risk have been considered in the analysis. To do so, the nonlinear dynamic responses of probabilistic multi-degree-of-freedom building models, subjected to a large data set of ground motion records, have been calculated. These models have been generated to simulate the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings whose number of stories vary from 3 to 13. 18 spectrum-, energy- and direct-accelerogram-based IMs have been considered herein. Then, from clouds of IM-EDP points, efficiency, sufficiency and steadfastness have been quantified. For MIDR, results show that IMs based on spectral velocity are more efficient and steadfast than the ones based on spectral acceleration; spectral velocity averaged in a range of periods, AvSv, has shown to be the most efficient IM with an adequate level of steadfastness. For MFA, spectral acceleration-based-IMs are more efficient than velocity-based ones. A comparison is also presented on the use of linear vs quadratic regression models, and their implications on the derivation of fragility functions. Concerning sufficiency, most of the 18 IMs analysed do not have this property. Nonetheless, multi-regression models have been employed to address this lack of sufficiency allowing to obtain a so-called ‘ideal’ IM.

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Zelaschi, Claudia, Ricardo Monteiro, and Rui Pinho. "Critical Assessment of Intensity Measures for Seismic Response of Italian RC Bridge Portfolios." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 23, no. 6 (September 21, 2017): 980–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1342293.

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Zhang, Chengming, Zilan Zhong, and Mi Zhao. "Study on Ground Motion Intensity Measures for Seismic Response Evaluation of Circular Tunnel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 455 (March 25, 2020): 012164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/455/1/012164.

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Fiore, Alessandra, Fabrizio Mollaioli, Giuseppe Quaranta, and Giuseppe C. Marano. "Seismic response prediction of reinforced concrete buildings through nonlinear combinations of intensity measures." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 12 (July 31, 2018): 6047–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0430-9.

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Shakib, Hamzeh, and Vahid Jahangiri. "Intensity measures for the assessment of the seismic response of buried steel pipelines." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 4 (January 14, 2016): 1265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9863-6.

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Shafieezadeh, Abdollah, Karthik Ramanathan, Jamie E. Padgett, and Reginald DesRoches. "Fractional order intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling applied to highway bridges." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 41, no. 3 (February 23, 2012): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1135.

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Dávalos, Héctor, and Eduardo Miranda. "Filtered incremental velocity: A novel approach in intensity measures for seismic collapse estimation." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 48, no. 12 (July 18, 2019): 1384–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3205.

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Eslamnia, Hadi, Hoodean Malekzadeh, S. Alireza Jalali, and Abdolreza S. Moghadam. "Seismic energy demands and optimal intensity measures for continuous concrete box-girder bridges." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 165 (February 2023): 107657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107657.

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