Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modes of reproduction'
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Schneider, Maria Victoria. "Modes de reproduction chez le parasitoi͏̈de solitaire Venturia canesces." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10071.
Full textEyer, Pierre-André. "Modes de reproduction et diversité génétique chez les fourmis du genre Cataglyphis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209190.
Full textLes analyses phylogénétiques montrent que la polyandrie est ancestrale au sein du genre Cataglyphis. Le premier axe de ce travail a pour but d’étudier les causes évolutives justifiant le maintien d’un tel système de reproduction au sein de ce genre. Ce travail porte sur les avantages d’une diversité génétique accrue parmi les ouvrières. Une telle diversité génétique permettrait notamment d'accroître le polymorphisme de taille des ouvrières et l'efficacité de la division du travail [Chapitre 1], ou la résistance aux pathogènes de la force ouvrière [Chapitre 2]. [1] Ce premier travail a été réalisé sur Cataglyphis cursor, une espèce strictement monogyne et polyandre. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent une très grande fidélité des ouvrières à la tâche. Ils montrent l’existence d’une association significative entre la tâche réalisée par une ouvrière et sa lignée paternelle, ainsi qu’entre la taille des ouvrières et la tâche effectuée. [2] Le second travail de cette thèse a été réalisé chez C. mauritanica. Nos résultats montrent que la résistance aux pathogènes diffère entre ouvrières issues de différentes lignées paternelles lorsque ces dernières sont isolées. Curieusement, cette différence s’estompe lorsque les lignées paternelles sont regroupées au sein des sociétés polyandres. Dès lors, la polyandrie permettrait d’homogénéiser l’immunité des sociétés. Nos données montrent cependant que la résistance des ouvrières à Metarhizium anisopliae n’est pas corrélée à la diversité génétique de la colonie ou au nombre d’accouplements des reines.
Le second axe de ce travail porte sur les stratégies de reproduction remarquables observées chez les espèces de Cataglyphis appartenant au groupe altisquamis :C. velox, C. mauritanica, C. humeya et C. hispanica. Ces espèces partagent une stratégie unique dans le règne animal, appelée hybridogénèse sociale. L’hybridogénèse classique est un système reproductif dans lequel les parents issus de lignées génétiques distinctes s’hybrident. Alors que les génomes maternels et paternels sont exprimés dans la lignée somatique des descendants, le génome paternel est systématiquement écarté de la lignée germinale. En conséquence, seul le génome maternel est transmis aux générations futures. Dans le schéma d’hybridogénèse sociale reporté dans ces travaux, les reines s’accouplent systématiquement avec un mâle originaire d’une lignée génétique distincte. Elles utilisent la reproduction sexuée pour la production d’une caste ouvrière stérile intégralement hybride (analogue à la lignée somatique) et la reproduction asexuée par parthénogénèse pour la production des castes reproductrices mâles et femelles (analogues à la lignée germinale). Dans ce système, bien que les génomes paternels et maternels soient exprimés dans la caste ouvrière, seul le génome maternel est transmis aux descendants reproducteurs [Chapitre 3]. Le groupe altisquamis est représenté par plusieurs espèces au sein desquelles deux lignées génétiques s’hybrident systématiquement pour la production de la caste ouvrière. Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse [4] est une analyse phylogéographique des espèces de ce groupe dans la péninsule ibérique. Les résultats confirment l’existence d’une seule paire de lignées génétiques au sein de chaque espèce. Ces résultats révèlent également une contradiction entre les marqueurs nucléaires et mitochondriaux traduisant la complexité du système reproductif. Ces travaux soulignent l’ambiguïté des relations phylogéniques entre espèces d’un tel système et discutent de son implication dans la spéciation des espèces hybridogénétiques.
Social insects represent the most extreme form of cooperative life in the animal kingdom. This is based on the existence of a division of reproductive activities between the reproductive individuals (queens and males) and a majority of workers performing all logistical tasks at the expense of their own reproduction. In social Hymenoptera, comparative analysis of reproductive strategies reveals that colonies headed by a single mated queen (monogyny/monoandry) is the ancestral structure of colonies. This structure provides a high genetic correlation between the workers and the brood they raise and, therefore, their overall reproductive success (inclusive fitness). However, an increasing number of genetic studies reveal that the reproductive structure of colonies can strongly differ from this pattern. This is particularly obvious in ants, which have a very large social polymorphism resulting in a large variability in the number of reproductive females within colonies. The Formicidae are also remarkable for the diversity of their modes of reproduction. This diversity relates to mating frequency (monoandry/polyandry) or conditional use of sexual and asexual reproduction. In some species, new queens are produced by parthenogenesis (they are almost clones of their mothers), while the workers arise from a classical sexual reproduction. By using alternative modes of reproduction for queen and worker castes, queens can increase the transmission rate of their genes to their reproductive female offspring while maintaining genetic diversity in the worker population. This high diversity of social structures and modes of reproduction suggests the occurrence of many selective forces. This thesis aimed at determining environmental and genetic factors responsible for the large social polymorphism and the high diversity of reproductive modes display by Cataglyphis desert ants. This thesis is divided into two main parts.
Phylogenetic analyses show that polyandry is ancestral across the genus Cataglyphis. The first part of this thesis examines the genetic hypothesis to account for the evolution and maintenance of multiple mating by queen in this genus. This work focuses on the benefits of increased genetic diversity among workers. Such genetic diversity may increase the size polymorphism of the worker force and improve efficiency of the division of labor [Chapter 1] or increase pathogen resistance of the colony [Chapter 2]. In Chapter 1, the genetic hypothesis to enhance efficiency of division of labor was tested on Cataglyphis cursor, a strictly monogynous and polyandrous species. The results reveal a great fidelity in task performance by workers. They reveal a significant association between patriline and task preference: workers belonging to different patrilines differ in their propensity to perform a given task. We also found that worker size is closely associated with task specialization. The second work of this thesis [Chapter 2] was performed in C. mauritanica. Our results show that resistance to pathogens differs between workers from different patrilines when patrilines are raised separately. Surprisingly, this difference disappears when the patrilines are grouped within polyandrous colonies. Therefore, polyandry would standardize the overall resistance of colonies. Consistent with this result, our data show a positive association between the number of matings by the queens and colony resistance to Metarhizium anisopliae.
The second part of this thesis expounds the unorthodox reproductive strategies observed in species belonging to the group Cataglyphis altisquamis: C. velox, C. mauritanica, C. hispanica and C. humeya. These species share a unique strategy in the animal kingdom, called social hybridogenesis. Hybridogenesis is a sexual reproductive system, whereby parents from different genetic origin hybridize. Both the maternal and paternal genomes are expressed in somatic tissues, but the paternal genome is systematically excluded from the germ line, which is therefore purely maternal. Consequently, only the maternal genome spread across generations. Here, we report a unique case of hybridogenesis at a social level. Queens mate exclusively with males originating from a different genetic lineage than their own to produce hybrid workers, while they use parthenogenesis to produce the male and female reproductive castes. In consequences, all sterile workers (somatic line) are sexually produced hybridogens, whereas sexual forms (germ line) are clonally produced. Thus, only maternal genes are perpetuated across generations [Chapter 3]. The group C. altisquamis is represented by several hybridogenetic species in which two highly divergent genetic lineages co-occur, despite their constant hybridization. The last chapter of this thesis [Chapter 4] is a phylogeographic analysis of C. altisquamis species in the Iberian Peninsula. Our results confirm the existence of a single pair of genetic lineages within each species. Our results also reveal strong incongruences between nuclear and mitochondrial markers that reflect the reproductive system complexities. These studies reveal phylogenetic ambiguities among these hybridogenetic species and discuss the involvement of such unconventional system in speciation process.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Viviès, France-Line. "Modes de domination et mécanismes de reproduction le cas de la Martinique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619171j.
Full textOdena, Sophie. "Les modes de garde de la petite enfance : facteurs de reproduction sociale et sexuée." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10059.
Full textRodriguez, Lily. "Diversité et modes de reproduction du peuplement d'anoures de Cocha Cashu (parc national Manu, Pérou)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066312.
Full textJalalzadeh, Moghaddam Shahri Banafsheh. "Evolution intraspécifique du génome et modes de reproduction générateurs de diversité génétique chez Agaricus bisporus." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0420/document.
Full textAgaricus bisporus, the button mushroom, is a saprophytic basidiomycete naturallyfound in cypress litter (Cupressus macrocarpa). It possesses different modes of reproduction. Tostudy their role in the spatio-temporal dynamics and in the evolution of the genetic diversity,experimental systems have been set up. Ten wild strains of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus havebeen selected, from two french populations, on both phenotypic and genotypic traits. Themolecular evolution of their genomes has shown that, for the mitochondrial genome, group Iintron mobility was the main source of gene polymorphism. Low nucleotide (nt) substitutionrates were found in all types of mitochondrial sequences (mobile elements, genic and intergenicones). This stringent conservation of mitochondrial sequences, when compared with the high ntsubstitution rates of their nuclear counterparts, contrasts to what is widely accepted in fungalsequence evolution. Mating experiments between sporocarps and mycelia of wild strains wereconducted on compost in a room culture, to simulate the implantation of a natural population.Among the collected sporocarps, results indicate the occurrence of a parasexual Bullerphenomenon leading to hybrid strains of A. bisporus in room culture and putatively in the wild.In parallel, mycelia of the wild strains have been introduced in two experimental plots of cypress.Genotypic analysis of the sporocarps collected from these plots in the first year of introduction,failed to evidence a hybrid strain. The climatic conditions of the second year did not allowobtaining fruiting-bodies. The developed experimental systems and tools must allow a followingat the genetic level of the spatio-temporal evolution of the population
Loizillon, Guillaume. "Modes de description des sons et synthese sonore." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081164.
Full textSOUND IS DEFINED AS THE JUNCTION BETWEEN A PHYSICAL PHENOMENON AND PHYSIOLOGICAL A PSYCHOLOGICAL REALITY. MEANWHILE, ONLY THE AUDITIVE PERCEPTION - ESTABLISHES ACOUSTIC PHENOMENON ITS SOUNDING SPECIFICITY. LINKING PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS WITH ELEMENTS OF HEARING IS A RESTRICTED IDEA. LEADING WORKS IN PSYCHOACOUSTIC SHOW THAT AUDITION CANNOT BE REDUCED TO THIS CONCEPT. SOUNDS HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AS THE ELEMENTS OF AN AUDITION SCENE OF WHICH MUSIC IS A SPECIFIC CASE. THUS, IT IS NECESSARY TO ANALYSE SPECIFICITIES OF MUSICAL SOUND, FOLLOWING THE HISTORICAL WAY THAT LEAD TO A DEFINITION ARTICULATED AROUND PARAMETERS OF PITCH, DURATION, INTENSITY AND TIMBRE. THIS LAST DIMENSION APPEARS AS A CENTRAL VALUE IN CONTEMPORARY MUSIC. THIS TRANSITION FROM A MUSIC OF PITCH TO A MUSIC OF TIMBRE, TAKES A DECISIVE DIMENSION with THE BIRTH OF ELECTRICAL SOUND TECHNICS. IN THE TIME OF ONE CENTURY THOSE TECHNICS BROUGHT MUSICIANS A COLLECTION OF TOOLS THAT USES THE CAPACITIES OF SOUND TRANSFORMED IN ELECTRICITY THEN IN DIGITAL INFORMATION. AMONG THOSE RESSOURCES, THE SECOND PART OF THIS WORK TAKES SOUND SYNTHESIS AS SUBJECT. WE DISCUSS IN THIS PART OF DIFFERENT SYNTHESIS METHODS AND WE SHOW DIFFERENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES, SEPARATED IN TWO CATEGORIES. METHODS OF SIGNAL SYNTHESIS IN WHICH ALL THE PARAMETERS OF ACOUSTIC WAVES MUST BE SPECIFIED. PHYSICAL MODELING WHERE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN OBJECTS LIKE STRING, PLATE, TUBE, MASS, IS DESCRIBED BEYOND A TECHNICAL PROCESS, THE GOAL OF THIS WORK IS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT SOUND SYNTHESIS IS A GENUINE PART OF MUSICAL COMPOSITION TERRITORY. IT WOULD BE A MISTAKE TO REGARD ONLY AS A TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCT
Ancel, Caroline. "Le RFRP-3 et l’axe gonadotrope du hamster syrien : effets genre-dépendants et modes d’action." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ042/document.
Full textRFRP-3 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the mammalian hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The aim of this work was to determine the involvement of RFRP-3 in the regulation of the Syrian hamster reproductive axis. We report unprecedented results indicating that RFRP-3 stimulates the male Syrian hamster gonadotrophic axis, whereas it has variable effects in female Syrian hamsters. Indeed, in females the peptide inhibits the reproductive axis at the time of the LH surge on the day of proestrus, and has no effect during diestrus. We went on to characterize RFRP-3 sites of action in the Syrian hamster brain, and show that the effect of the peptide on the gonadotrophic axis is mediated directly or indirectly via GnRH neurons. Moreover, we clearly rule out the possibility of a hypophysiotrophic effect of RFRP-3 in this species. Taken together, the present data raise interesting questions regarding species- and sex-dependent effects of RFRP-3 on the mammalian gonadotrophic axis
Souchon, Yves. "Reproduction du brochet (Esox lucius,L. 1758) et développement des brochetons en Dombes : éléments d'optimisation des modes de gestion extensive." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10514.
Full textSouchon, Yves. "Reproduction du Brochet (Esox lucius, L. 1758) et développement des prochetons en Dombes éléments d'optimisation des modes de gestion extensive." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595184d.
Full textDelmotte, François. "Evolution des modes de reproduction chez le puceron Rhopalosiphum padi (L. ) : apports de la génétique des populations et de la phylogénie moléculaire." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NSARA035.
Full textRatajczak, Damien. "Spatiodynamiques de territorialisation des modes de production et de reproduction identitaires en espace transfrontalier : application à la réalité géographique du Hainaut franco-belge." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-21.pdf.
Full textPlot, Virginie. "Caractéristiques maternelles, performances et stratégies de reproduction des tortues marines de Guyane." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867096.
Full textBaudiffier, Damien. "Modes de perturbation de la stéroïdogenèse testiculaire et de la spermatogenèse chez le poisson zèbre (Danio rerio) par des fongicides azolés." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783232.
Full textNdifon, Abraham Nsah [Verfasser], and Einhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schierenberg. "Variations of developmental events, skn-1 and pie-1 expression, and gene regulatory networks in nematodes with different modes of reproduction / Abraham Nsah Ndifon. Gutachter: Einhard Schierenberg." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1052307426/34.
Full textStubblefield, Andrew T. "Coupled oscillations the reproduction and analysis of the oscillatory modes of a string/spring/mass pendulum and the derivation of the theoretical equations governing the motion of the mass ; an honors thesis /." [Jefferson City, Tenn. : Carson-Newman College], 2009. http://library.cn.edu/HonorsPDFs_2009/Stubblefield_Andrew_T.pdf.
Full textJoly, Hervé. "Diriger une grande entreprise française au XXe siècle : modes de gouvernance, trajectoires et recrutement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343525.
Full textFerasyi, Teuku Reza. "Mathematical model of the reproductive endocrine system in male sheep." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0080.
Full textLarkin, Katelyn. "Effects of polyploidy and reproductive mode on life history trait expression." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1673.
Full textNdungutse, Jean-Claude. "Évolution de la population, modes de production et reproduction, rapports sociaux et développement rural : une approche des dynamiques démographiques dans leur contexte historique, économique, social, politique et culturel et leur interaction sur l'évolution des forces productrices, leurs rapports sociaux et modes de production dans le milieu rural agricole au Rwanda de l'époque pré-coloniale à 1994." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0159.
Full textThe main part of local and international researchers (historians, demographers, sociologists, anthropologists and other experts) who have worked on Rwanda say that the speedy increase and the high density characterizing its population are signs of underdevelopment which is a source of poverty and a hamper of the economic take off of that small country located in the central Africa. Other people believe that the 1990 war which led to 1994 genocide have their main origin in the galloping and non controlIed increase of population which provoked a tough social promiscuity where each social group tries its best to get a room and a social status. If we do accept the idea that the equilibrium between a population and its resources may structurally conduct to Malthusian moments, Jean-Claude Ndungutse shows that during the changes of the Rwandese society, some other factors such as climatic ales the inadequate production system, the plantations invaders such as insects and other social factors (violence, social inequity, bad governance and political crimes, illness, etc. . . ) should be taken into account to explain the situation. AlI of them had contributed to deteriorate the production potentials in the Rwandese agricultural rural area. Jean-Claude Ndungutse has the same point of view as Esther Boserup and treats the subject in a historical, sociological and anthropological approach
Cheung, Kai Chung. "Facultative sex model /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202008%20CHEUNG.
Full textHernandez, Marcel Luis. "Optimisation models of courtship and reproduction." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297710.
Full textMallery, Christopher Sean. "Reproduction and Metabolic Responses to Acute and Chronic Hypoxia in Ovoviviparous Blaberid Cockroaches, with a Focus on Blaptica dubia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011879/.
Full textPound, Graeme Edward. "Ecological models of the maintenance of sexual reproduction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/45919/.
Full textМельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, Олександр Миколайович Дериколенко, Александр Николаевич Дериколенко, Oleksandr Mykolaiovych Derykolenko, Олександр Васильович Кубатко, et al. "Business Models of Reproduction Cycles for Digital Economy." Thesis, CEUR-WS, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74617.
Full textBirget, Philip Laurent Guillaume. "Evolutionary ecology of parasites : life-history traits, phenotypic plasticity, and reproductive strategies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28805.
Full textBanet, Amanda Inez. "Evolutionary diversification of reproductive modes in livebearing fishes." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957301301&SrchMode=2&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268858219&clientId=48051.
Full textIncludes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 17, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
Chiacchierini, Lisa M. "Experimental design issues in impaired reproduction applications." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151533/.
Full textBobic, Gavrilovic Bojana. "Reproductive patterns in the domestic dog : a retrospective study, with the Drever breed as model /." Uppsala : Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10639782.pdf.
Full textWebster, Matthew Paul. "Formal models of reproduction : from computer viruses to artificial life." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501590.
Full textHandy, John R. "Line reproduction in mapping utilizing the four color process model /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11167.
Full textHuffman, Jennifer Wade. "Optimal Experimental Design for Poisson Impaired Reproduction Studies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30751.
Full textPh. D.
Chen, Hua, Jun-Feng Li, and Wei-An Liu. "Behavior of the solution to a chemotaxis model with reproduction term." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3030/.
Full textBui, Linh Thuy. "Molecular dissection of asexual reproduction in the model fern Ceratopteris richardii." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6380.
Full textGrosmaire, Manon. "Caractérisation du mode de reproduction pseudogame chez l’espèce de nématode Mesorhabditis belari." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1151/document.
Full textIn pseudogamous species, females use the sperm of males from another species to activate their oocytes and produce females, without using the sperm DNA. Here we report a novel reproductive strategy found in the pseudogamous nematodeMesorhabditis belari, which produces its own males at low frequency. We find that the 8% of M. belari males are necessary to fertilize all oocytes but pass on their genes only to males, and never to females. Thus, the production of males has no impact on the genetic diversity of females. Using game theory, we show that the production of males at low frequency constitutes an efficient strategy only if sons are more likely to mate with their sisters. We validate this prediction experimentally by revealing a mating preference between siblings. We uncover the remarkable reproductive strategy of parthenogenetic females that pay the cost of producing males while males do not spread their genes.In parallel, we tried to understand the cellular and molecular basis at the origin of such a reproductive mode. In amphimixis embryos, female meiosis produces an haploid pronucleus and ploidy is restored with the male haploid pronucleus. In gynogenetic embryos, paternel DNA don't decondense, female meiosis is incomplete leading to a diploid pronucleus in order to maintain the diploidy of the organism. We then studied the early development of the embryos of M. belari and the type of sex determinism in this species
Morrill, Benson H. "Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Reproduction Traits in Ball Pythons." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1005.
Full textGurgel, Priscila Cabral Silveira. "Reproductive modes are associated to climatic niche evolution in treefrogs (anura: hylidae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6263.
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The similarity of life-history traits among closely related species is a well-known pattern in evolutionary biology. Thus, closely related species tend to be more akin to each other than to distantly related ones. The propensity of closely related species to conserve climatic niche features over macroevolutionary time can be defined as climatic niche conservatism. Recent studies have shown the importance of environmental variables with regards to the diversity and distribution of anurans with differences in their reproductive traits under an evolutionary perspective. In this work, using frog species in the Hylidae family, we tested the hypothesis that species more independent from main bodies of water for reproduction are restricted to areas with higher temperature and precipitation means. We also investigated the evolution of climatic niche features of species with different degrees of dependence on water for reproduction. Our results corroborate the first hypothesis and show that terrestrial egg-laying species, in the Hylinae subfamily, have more conserved climatic niche position when compared to Hylinae species that deposits their eggs and tadpoles in main water bodies. Thus, we suggest that reproductive modes are associated with variation in the evolution of climatic niches of frogs.
A similaridade entre atributos de espécies aparentadas é um padrão tradicional reconhecido em biologia evolutiva. Espécies aparentadas tendem ser mais similares entre si do que com espécies não aparentadas. A tendência de espécies aparentadas conservar as características de seu nicho ao longo do tempo macroevolutivo pode ser definido como conservação filogenética de nicho. Estudos recentes tem mostrado a importância das variáveis climáticas na distribuição de anfíbios anuros com diferentes modos reprodutivos utilizando uma abordagem evolutiva. Neste trabalho, usando as espécies de pererecas da família Hylidae, testamos a hipótese de que espécies menos dependentes dos corpos d'água para reprodução ocorrem em áreas mais quentes e mais úmidas. Além disso, investigamos como foi a evolução dos atributos do nicho climático (posição e amplitude) de espécies, da subfamília Hylinae, com diferentes níveis de dependência dos corpos d'água para reprodução. Nossos resultados corroboram a primeira hipótese e mostram que, espécies da subfamília Hylinae que depositam seus ovos fora da água estão restritas a lugares mais quentes e mais úmidos. Além disso, tais espécies tem o nicho climático mais conservado do que espécies que depositam tanto ovos como girinos em corpos d'água principais. Portanto, sugerimos que os diferentes modos reprodutivos refletem em diferenças na evolução do nicho climático nas espécies da subfamília Hylinae.
Dancho, Matthew G. "Age, Growth, and Reproduction of the Pelagic Stingray Pteroplatytrygon violacea in the Western North Atlantic Ocean." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/140.
Full textMazier, Hannah. "Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cell Death in a Dihydrotestosterone-induced Rat Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, and its Regulation by Gonadotropin." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35572.
Full textGarcía, Morante Beatriz. "Moving towards an improved experimental model for reproduction of pneumonia induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403816.
Full textThe infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is widespread in almost all pig producing countries. Despite its importance, there are still relevant points to be resolved; some of them concern the complex pathogenesis of the infection as well as the resultant pneumonia outcome. For instance, M. hyopneumoniae experimental models are a good starting point for addressing some of these unresolved matters, although wide inconsistencies are seen in reproducibility, prevalence and severity of pneumonia. Among others, the latter is a major concern in the case of veterinary medicine product efficacy compliance, especially in vaccinology, where a significant reduction in the lung lesion score is required compared to non-vaccinated pigs. Thus, a validated M. hyopneumoniae experimental model enhancing severe pneumonia reproduction is of interest. Therefore, the present thesis was raised to provide insights into this matter through the identification and optimization of experimental conditions playing a role in pneumonia outcome. Furthermore, evaluation of ante-mortem parameters that would serve to foresee such outcome was also addressed. The first study aimed to identify determinants for the successful reproduction of pneumonia under experimental conditions. To reach this goal, a systematic review of the literature followed by a multivariable statistical analysis, named recursive partitioning, was done. The results obtained constitute the first insight into those conditions supporting pneumonia development under experimental settings. M. hyopneumoniae experimental models pursuing reproduction of severe pneumonia should assess lung lesions within a study period of 8 weeks and include inoculation of M. hyopneumoniae-free pigs older than 3.5 weeks of age and co-infected with another swine respiratory pathogen. Besides, other two experimental conditions were further investigated individually into the following chapters. In the second study, pneumonia outcome consequence of M. hyopneumoniae inoculation by means of three inoculation routes (endotracheal, intranasal and aerosol) was compared. As a result, the endotracheal was the most optimal route of inoculation to induce severe pneumonia within a period of 4 weeks after inoculation. On the other side, in the third study, the growth in culture of M. hyopneumoniae strains differing in pathogenicity was daily followed by different techniques, which were evaluated as putative titration methodologies. Results obtained proved that real-time culture titration assays can be used to describe the in vitro growth of M. hyopneumoniae and to standardise M. hyopneumoniae culture protocols in the laboratory as well as inoculum production for experimental applications. The last study evaluated different humoral immune response parameters, both at local and systemic levels, as ante-mortem predictors of occurrence and severity of lung lesions associated with M. hyopneumoniae. Such an evaluation was done either in experimentally and naturally infected pigs. Overall, results indicated that humoral immune parameters may be used as pneumonia predictors in a population-based approach. Moreover, a new insight into the humoral immune response against M. hyopneumoniae is provided by reporting a predominant IgG2 systemic response.
Marques, dos Santos Miguel LuiÌs Simões. "Models of the Fisher process based on reproductive value." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411112.
Full textGuggilla, Ramesh. "Genetic investigation of recurrent hydatidiform moles and reproductive loss." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119677.
Full textLa môle hydatidiforme (HM) est une forme de maladie trophoblastique gestationnelle caractérisée par une dégénérescence hydropique des villosités choriales du placenta avec ou sans embryon. Mon projet visait à identifier un nouveau gène responsable des môles hydatidiformes récurrentes (MHR). Quand j'ai commencé ce projet, un seul gène, NLRP7, était connu pour être responsable de cette condition. Des mutations dans un second gène, KHDC3L, ont été ensuite découvertes par Parry et al. 2011 chez des patientes atteintes de MHR. L'hétérogénéité génétique dans l'étiologie des MHR a été démontrée par plusieurs équipes, y compris la notre, et ressort également de l'absence de mutations dans les deux gènes NLRP7 et KHDC3L chez certaines patientes atteintes de MHR. Ceci suggère l'implication d'autres gènes qui causent les MHR. Le séquençage des exomes a été réalisé sur 18 patientes atteintes de MHR mais ne portant aucune des mutations dans NLRP7 ou KHDC3L. L'analyse des données de séquençage des exomes a révélé la présence de variants non-synonymes dans de nombreux gènes. Parmi ceux-ci, cinq gènes candidats présentant chacun deux allèles défectueux. Ces variants co-ségrégeaient avec le phénotype anormal et sont prédits dommageables. Le séquençage de ces gènes chez les patientes atteintes de MHR et d'autres formes d'echecs de reproduction est en cours dans notre laboratoire et pourrait aider à identifier de nouveaux gènes responsables des grossesses môlaires. Après l'identification du gène KHDC3L, j'ai séquencé ce dernier chez 97 patientes atteintes de MHR et d'autres formes d'echec de la reproduction mais ne présentant pas de mutations au niveau du gène NLRP7. Deux délétions dont une nouvelle affectant le cadre de lecture de ce gène ont été identifiées chez trois patientes atteintes de MHR. L'analyse des haplotypes par SNP autour de la mutation commune du KHDC3L a révélé le meme haplotype chez les trois patientes de differentes ethnies suggérant ainsi un effet fondateur important de cette mutation dans différentes populations. Des expériences de co-localisation sur des lignées cellulaires lympoblastoides chez des sujets normaux ont montré que KHDC3L co-localise avec NLRP7 au niveau de l'appareil de Golgi et le centre organisateur des microtubules ou centrosome.
Adamec, Vaclav. "The Effect of Maternal and Fetal Inbreeding on Dystocia, Calf Survival, Days to First Service and Non-Return Performance in U.S. Dairy Cattle." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25999.
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吳樹強 and S. K. Ng. "Real estate development opportunities in Shanghai: a reproduction of the Hong Kong model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125701X.
Full textNg, S. K. "Real estate development opportunities in Shanghai : a reproduction of the Hong Kong model /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25939452.
Full textPiffaretti, Joséphine. "Différenciation génétique et écologique au sein des populations du puceron Brachycaudus helichrysi (Hemiptera Aphididae) : mise en évidence de deux espèces soeurs au cycles de vie contrastés." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0023/document.
Full textBrachycaudus helichrysi is a worldwide polyphagous aphid pest that seriously damages its primary hosts (Prunus spp.) and the various cultivated plants among its secondary hosts (e.g. sunflower, chrysanthemums).In a phylogeographic study based on a worldwide sampling, I have shown that this species is actually an amalgamation of two sibling taxa called B. helichrysi H1 and B. helichrysi H2. This study based on mitochondrial, nuclear and Buchnera aphidicola (the primary symbiont of aphids) DNA markers revealed that these two taxa display levels of genetic divergence as great as those generally found between sister species in the Brachycaudus genus, suggesting that they actually correspond to two distinct sibling species. As these two species are morphologically indistinguishable, we developed a PCR-RFLP test to genetically discriminate them.Further investigations, based on microsatellites data combined with ecological information suggest that these two species have two very different evolutionary histories. Brachycaudus helichrysi H1 exhibits a typical signature of cyclical parthenogenesis, using plum trees during the sexual phase, and we demonstrate the existence of distinct geographic genetic clusters within this species. By contrast B. helichrysi H2 comprises two types of lineages. First, it gathers several persistent obligate clonal lineages distributed worldwide (i.e. superclones) and highly polyphagous, and second, we reveal the existence of a cyclical parthenogenetic H2 lineage that uses peach trees as primary hosts and has so far only been found in India. All B. helichrysi lineages of H1 and H2 co-occurred in mixed colonies on herbaceous hosts all around the world.This study will shed light on how life cycle evolution, especially the loss of sexual reproduction, could explain the ongoing speciation process in the B. helichrysi species complex
Nygren, Kristiina. "Evolutionary Consequences of Reproductive Strategies : Testing Theory on Sex and Reproductive Gene Evolution in the Fungal Model Neurospora." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-152953.
Full textZhang, Jinwen. "The mouse oocyte as a model in reproductive toxicology studies /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-163-0/.
Full textRasheed, Shaker M. "A reaction-diffusion model for inter-species competition and intra-species cooperation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13545/.
Full textGroßekathöfer, Ulf [Verfasser]. "Ordered Means Models for recognition, reproduction, and organization of interaction time series / Ulf Großekathöfer." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1051076978/34.
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