Journal articles on the topic '"Modern" Tparan (Tehran, Iran)'
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1
Mehan, Asma. "Gio Ponti and Villa Namazee: (De)listed Modern Heritage." Heritage 6, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6020043.
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This article studies the architectural design and cultural significance of Villa Namazee, a modernist building designed by Italian architect Gio Ponti in Tehran. The study explores how the building, once a symbol of modernity and progress, has been neglected, delisted from the national heritage, and fallen into disrepair. Focusing primarily on the case of Villa Namazee in Tehran, Iran, as an example of Ponti’s projects in the Middle Eastern context, the second part of this paper aims to reconsider and re-narrate Gio Ponti’s project in Tehran. In this context, the article sheds light on the nationally and internationally prominent concepts, ideas, collaborations, and design elements of Gio Ponti’s project in Tehran. The paper argues for reevaluating our understanding of heritage and recognizing the importance of preserving modern architectural masterpieces such as Villa Namazee.
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Mohajeri, Shima. "Louis Kahn’s Silent Space of Critique in Tehran, 1973–74." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.4.485.
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Locating modernity’s unfinished project in the historical matrix of Iran, Louis Kahn’s Silent Space of Critique in Tehran, 1973–74 examines Louis Kahn’s master plan for a new civic center in Tehran. The 1970s witnessed a period of contention between political and cultural visions of modernity in Iran: as the shah’s state fabricated progress through a series of development plans, the queen’s reformist second court sponsored cultural and preservationist projects. This strife over modernity in Iran was reflected in Kahn’s design as form, space, and program. Shima Mohajeri shows that Kahn’s layout for a modern public space in Tehran concerned the development of an ethical attitude toward architectural modernity in a non-Western context as well as constituted a silent resistance to Iran’s sociopolitical reality and its spaces of representation.
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Erfani, Amir. "Family planning and women’s educational advancement in Tehran, Iran." Canadian Studies in Population 42, no. 1-2 (March 11, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6k31p.
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This study examines the impact of contraceptive use on women’s educational advancement as an indicator of female empowerment, using retrospective data from the 2009 Tehran Fertility Survey. The results show that 15 per cent of married women continued their education after marriage. Also, women using modern contraceptives before a first birth were more likely to experience a 1–2-year increase in education level after marriage, controlling for other factors. Recent cohorts were more likely to continue their education after marriage, especially those who used modern vs. traditional contraceptives. The findings clearly indicate that family planning use after marriage enables women to advance their education by freeing them from reproductive activities.
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Siavoshi, Sussan. "Foucault in Iran." American Journal of Islam and Society 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v34i2.779.
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To report history in the making, Michel Foucault travelled to Tehran in 1978.He had a commission from Corriere della sera, the prestigious Italian newspaper,to write a series of articles about the unfolding revolutionary process.He landed in Tehran two days after “Black Friday,” during which the armywas believed to have massacred 5,000 people. Foucault was impressed by thecourage of the undeterred protestors who kept pouring into the streets in defiance of a powerful regime. These articles, sympathetic to the movement andits leading force, Shi’a Islam, received a scornful response from his secularFrench colleagues. He was accused of being anti-modern, nihilistic, ignorant,and a man beguiled by a revolutionary effervescence.After the establishment of the Islamic Republic and the consequent bloodybattles leading to the concentration of power in the hands of the militant religiousrevolutionaries, Foucault’s detractors put concerted public pressure uponhim to repent for his “mistaken” judgments. This major “French” controversyfailed, however, to attract much attention in English-speaking circles until theappearance of Janet Afary and Kevin Anderson’s Foucault and Iranian Revolution:Gender and Seduction of Islamism (University of Chicago Press:2005). Highly critical of Foucault’s “romantic” depiction of the revolutionarymovement, these two authors also found in his reports an occasion to attackhis early, post-structuralist writings, interpreting them as anti-modern. Thebook’s overt critique of Foucault rested upon the intellectual pillar of the Enlightenmentdiscourse, with its teleological and secularist approach to history.Needless to say, Afary and Anderson were also critical of Islam’s public role,not only in the revolution but also beyond ...
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Karimi-Motahhar, Janolah, and T. A. Koshemchuk. "Third Tehran Conference of IARLL <i>Russian Language and Literature in the Modern World: Problems and Prospects</i>." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 7, no. 2 (June 18, 2023): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2023-2-26-168-171.
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Russian Language and Literature in the Modern World: Problems and Prospects, the 3d International Forum of the Iranian Association of Russian Language and Literature (IARLL) took place in Tehran on February, 25-26, 2023. It was timed to the 10th anniversary of the foundation of the Association, as well as to the Year of the Russian Language. Despite the difficult international situation, philologists from Iran, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Georgia, Ukraine, China, Bulgaria took part in the conference. Representatives of Russian universities and research centers from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Minsk together with scientists from 10 Iranian universities formed the core of the conference. Russian scientists are attracted by the high scientific level of the forum, the interest of Iranian colleagues in Russian culture, the success of students in learning the Russian language, a cultural program that allows to get acquainted with the cultural treasures of ancient Persia and, most importantly, the tradition of Russian-Iranian cooperation. The expanding ties between Iran and Russia have made the Russian language significant in university teaching in Iran. It has been conducted for 90 years, since the foundation of the University of Tehran in 1934. Today, Russian language and literature departments have been established in 15 Iranian universities, where about 270 students begin their studies every year. The Russian Language and Literature Association was established in 2012 on the initiative of professors of the Tehran University Janolah Karimi-Motakhhar and Marzieh Yahyapur. Its activities enjoy great respect and full support among Russian scientists: 28 literary scholars and 72 linguists are represented in the collection of abstracts of scientific reports published by the Tehran University by the beginning of the conference. The reports delivered at the conference focused primarily on the topical problems of learning the Russian language in Iran and a selection of the reports will be published in The Research Journal of Russian Language and Literature published by IARLL, is an only scientific peer–reviewed journal in Russian in Iran.
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Bakhtiyari, Mahmood, Elham Ehrampoush, Noora Enayati, Golsa Joodi, Samira Sadr, Ali Delpisheh, Jafar Alihaydari, and Reza Homayounfar. "Anxiety as a consequence of modern dietary pattern in adults in Tehran—Iran." Eating Behaviors 14, no. 2 (April 2013): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.12.007.
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Benacer, Hamza, Narges Golkar, and Khalil Aouissi. "Public spaces as a palimpsest of city layers: The case of Baharestan Square in Tehran (Iran)." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 72, no. 3 (2022): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2203341b.
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This paper intends to underline the importance of historic public spaces as the deposits of collective memories, proposing the critical analysis, reinterpretation, and systematization of relevant informative historical layers as a counter model to the globalizing tendencies and their fast pace of transformation. Baharestanis a historic square located in the northeast of Tehran?s Historic Center, and it is the home to Iran?s Parliament and the Ministry of Culture. It makes the square significant at the national level, especially due to its location surrounded by several exquiste historical heritage buildings. However, following the decline of Tehran?s historic center, Baharestan lost its socio-cultural vitality and spatial quality, hosting urban functions mainly heterogeneous to its identity, and eventually turning into a traffic node. Through the comparative study of numerous historical documents, and adapting the concept of ?palimpsest?, Baharestan Square has been interpreted as the assemblage of different city layers in relation to the environmental and socio-political narratives of the city. The shift from one layer to another intends to reflect some of the lost memories of Tehran and its collective identity in the transition from traditional to modern society. Later on, the paper argues how this palimpsest quality and co-evolution of those plural layers and narratives in Baharestan demonstrate this symbolic square as a ?catalytic social infrastructure?, giving Tehran an opportunity to overcome the challenge of ?social amnesia? and promoting its civic culture and cohesion.
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Ghiabi, Maziyar. "Under the bridge in Tehran: Addiction, Poverty and Capital." Ethnography 21, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138118787534.
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The article provides an ethnographic study of the lives of the ‘dangerous class’ of drug users based on fieldwork carried out among different drug using ‘communities’ in Tehran between 2012 and 2016. The primary objective is to articulate the presence of this category within modern Iran, its uses and its abuses in relation to the political. What drives the narration is not only the account of this lumpen, plebeian group vis à vis the state, but also the way power has affected their agency, their capacity to be present in the city, and how capital/power and the dangerous/lumpen life come to terms, to conflict, and to the production of new situations which affect urban life.
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Assi, S. Mostafa. "Grammatical Tagging of a Persian Corpus." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 5, no. 1 (July 28, 2000): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.5.1.05ass.
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The purpose of this article is to briefly introduce an interactive POS tagging system developed as a project at the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies in Tehran, Iran. The system is designed as part of the annotation procedure for a Persian corpus called The Farsi Linguistic Database (FLDB) (a project at the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies in Tehran which comprises a selection of contemporary Modern Persian literature, formal and informal spoken varieties of the language, and a series of dictionary entries and word lists [Assi 1997: 5]) and is the first attempt ever to tag a Persian corpus. In Section 1, the project itself will be introduced; Section 2 presents an evaluation of the project, and Section 3 is allocated to some suggestions for future work.
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Marashi, Afshin, and Dinyar Patel. "As Seen from Bombay: An Iranian Zoroastrian Photo Album from the 1930s." Iranian Studies 56, no. 1 (January 2023): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.37.
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AbstractThis photo essay provides a visual archive of Parsi philanthropic efforts toward the Iranian Zoroastrian communities of Yazd, Kerman, and Tehran during the 1930s. The essay reproduces a collection of photographs from a photo album produced by the Iranian Zoroastrian Anjoman (est. 1918) for the benefit of Parsi audiences in Bombay. These photographs were taken and compiled by administrators of the Parsi-funded charities in order to demonstrate to Bombay-based Parsi benefactors how their charity efforts were being used inside Iran. The essay also discusses the importance of including visual archival material as part of the social and cultural history of modern Iran, as well as the unique sets of challenges that such archival preservation represents.
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Schayegh, Cyrus. "Serial Murder in Tehran: Crime, Science, and the Formation of Modern State and Society in Interwar Iran." Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, no. 4 (September 8, 2005): 836–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750500037x.
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Tehran, 1934. Introducing his newest book, Mental Diseases, Dr. Muhammad-עAli Tutiyā hits a raw nerve. Iran's capital is abuzz with news about עAli Asghar Borujerdi. Earlier on that year, the man soon dubbed Asghar Qātel (the murderer) confessed to having had sexual intercourse and subsequently killed thirty-three adolescent boys. Born in 1893 in the Western Iranian town of Borujerd, at the age of eight he left with his mother and siblings for Karbalā, Iraq. Six years later, he moved on to Baghdad, and began to sexually abuse adolescents. Eventually, he began to murder them, according to his initial testimony in order to trick the police that were observing him. In 1933, after having taken twenty-five lives, he only escaped Baghdad and arrest by the skin of his teeth. Arriving in Tehran, he worked as porter and vegetable-seller, and took up residence in Bāgh-e Ferdous, a neighborhood in Tehran's poor popular south. He carried on with his deeds, killing eight boys, most of them homeless vagrants. The first bodies, heads severed, were found on 31 December 1933. Borujerdi was arrested once and released for lack of evidence, but in early March of 1934, the police detained him again, and this time he confessed. He was tried, convicted, and, after an unsuccessful appeal, was hung in front of an immense crowd in Tehran's Sepah Square on 26 June.
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Gahan, Jairan. "The Sovereign and the Sensible." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9127102.
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Abstract This article investigates the history of the formation of the red-light district of Tehran in 1922, to tackle larger questions about the genealogy of the constitutional Islamic state in Iran in the twentieth century. Through an engagement with the Islamic local campaign against prostitution and the state's subsequent sovereign decision to form the district, this article demonstrates how Islamic public sensibilities moved to the forefront of analytics of governance, under postconstitutional state formations (1911–). This revisionist narrative remaps the force of religion in Tehran, a city that is so often glossed as a case of state-oriented top-down secularization and subsequent Islamization in the twentieth century. The aim is not to question the process of secularization or to render it incomplete, but to demonstrate how secularism in Iran negotiated and consolidated a particular relationship between Islam and sovereign modern rule. As such, this work reads the history of the district against the grain of the grand narrative of the Islamic Revolution's (1979) moment of rupture to trace the genealogical roots of moral governance in the Islamic Republic today, within the postconstitutional state formations in the early twentieth century.
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Norouzi, Mahnaz. "Social Issues in M. Moshfeq Kazemi’s Novel “The Terrible Tehran”." Asia and Africa today, no. 2 (December 15, 2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750029348-4.
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The paper aims to provide an analysis of the social issues of the novel “The Terrible Tehran” by M.Moshfeq Kazemi, which is the first example of a social-realistic novel in the modern Persian prose. The novel reflected the main social problems of Iranian society after the constitutional revolution at the beginning of the 20th century. The author is most interested in the women’s issue in a patriarchal society and uneducated social environment living according to old canons. Starting to analyze social issues in the novel “The Terrible Tehran,” we come to the conclusion that political and social transformations in Iran during the constitutional revolution and after it changed society’s attitude to such issues as the position of women in society, her rights and freedoms. It should be noted that the author of this novel has a shallow approach to social problems and he does not offer solutions to the problems existing in society.
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MEHAN, Asma. "“TABULA RASA” PLANNING: CREATIVE DESTRUCTION AND BUILDING A NEW URBAN IDENTITY IN TEHRAN." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1355277.
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The concept of Tabula Rasa, as a desire for sweeping renewal and creating a potential site for the construction of utopian dreams is presupposition of Modern Architecture. Starting from the middle of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, Iranian urban and architectural history has been integrated with modernization, and western-influenced modernity. The case of Tehran as the Middle Eastern political capital is the main scene for the manifestation of modernity within it’s urban projects that was associated with several changes to the social, political and spatial structure of the city. In this regard, the strategy of Tabula Rasa as a utopian blank slate upon which a new Iran could be conceived “over again” – was the dominant strategy of modernization during First Pahlavi era (1925–1941). This article explores the very concept of constructing a new image of Tehran through the processes of autocratic modernism and orientalist historicism that also influenced the discourse of national identity during First Pahlavi era.
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Ardashnikova, Anna. "Two Faces of Urbanization in the Muslim East: Tehran in the Second Half of the 19th Сentury — 1930s." ISTORIYA 14, no. 10 (132) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028603-2.
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In this study the authors examine the main stages of evolution and social characteristics of the capital cities in the Muslim East on the example of Tehran, which over the course of a century has made its way from the medieval Shah's residence to the capital of a modern country. This period in the history of Iran was marked by a gradual modernization of state and society, associated with the personalities of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar and the new ruler Reza Shah Pahlavi, who managed to offer a radical way to transform the country basing on a new ideological doctrine, the symbolic expression of which was his renovated capital. The image of Tehran is reconstructed on the basis of urban planning outlines of the 1920s — 1930s, a wide range of narrative sources, mainly diaries of the Iranian rulers themselves and European diplomats and travelers, and information from Persian literary works.
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Afzali, Mehdi, Oksana Kuchmaeva, and Tamara Rostovskaya. "Russian-Iranian Cross-Cultural Marriages: a Sociological Analysis." DEMIS. Demographic Research 2, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.3.5.
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One of the characteristic features of the modern socio-demographic situation in the world is the increase in the number of cross-cultural marriages concluded between a man and a woman belonging to different socio-cultural strata of society, having their own cultural characteristics and value systems. There are no official statistics of cross-cultural marriages in Russia in the public domain, which actualizes the conduct of special sociological research. The conclusions of the article are based on the results of a pilot sociological survey conducted by a questionnaire survey of 153 respondents from Russia (Moscow) and Iran (Tehran) aged 18 to 60 years, who are in cross-cultural marriages, as well as having families based on cross-cultural marriage or being in an interethnic, interfaith environment (due to educational or professional activity). The results of the survey revealed the existence of different ideas about the family and marriage model for both Iran and modern Russia. The results obtained can be used to develop strategies for the development of socio-cultural interaction between Russia and Iran, in the public administration system, as part of efforts aimed at supporting cross-cultural families in the process of adaptation and familiarization with the norms and traditions of a new culture for a spouse.
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Abdollahi, Hooman, and Seyed Babak Ebrahimi. "Modeling and Investigating the Economy and Production Structure of Iran Public Theater." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2019010104.
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Cultural productions are considered as a sign of civilization in modern societies. Theater is known as an important type of cultural productions, playing important role in the cultural economy of a society. Due to complexities of socio-economic interactions, this sector needs dynamic investigation to illuminate different aspects of possible potentials and threats. The present paper tries to find relationships between Iran public theater economy and production structure based on a dynamic model including all economic stages, namely production, distribution, and consumption to achieve a solid perception of Iran theater position. The authors use System Dynamics to create a model that can explain or mimic the behavior of the system in order to evaluate policies. Since Tehran City Theater complex is the sole place for the public theater in Iran, the authors assess it over the period 2012-2015 and predict its behavior to 2022. On the other hand, the investigation in this context is being directed in accordance with microeconomics principles. The results indicate that the position of Iran public theater is undesired due to vague managerial policy. Also, the findings offer insights into the problems and suggest practical solutions.
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Nikonov, Vyacheslav A. "The Islamic Republic of Iran as a New Member of BRICS." Public Administration. E-journal (Russia), no. 103, 2024 (April 30, 2024): 7–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu2070-1381-103-2024-7-41.
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The article analyzes the political, economic and cultural development of Iran throughout the existence of this unique state and its role in regional and world politics. It is claimed that the Islamic Republic of Iran represents one of the oldest civilizations and a serious geopolitical force in the center of Eurasia. The author explores the history of various state entities, that existed on the territory of modern Iran. The article provides an overview of key events in Russian-Iranian relations from the end of the 18th century to the present day, including the wars between the Russian and Persian Empires, the interaction of Moscow and Tehran during the First and Second World Wars, and the era of the Cold War. Special attention is paid to the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which is considered as a symbol of protest against Western domination and an important factor in Reislamization, as well as the Iran-Iraq war of 1980–1988 and its consequences for regional stability. As а part of the study of Iran’s policy in the 21st century, attention is focused on Tehran’s relations with the leading centers of the modern world, including the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China, the United States of America. The article describes the impact of Iran’s nuclear program on international relations and the effect of Western sanctions on the socio-economic situation in the Islamic Republic. The author concludes that Iran, which joined the BRICS in 2024, has every chance to become an important player in the global economy and politics. At the same time, the Islamic Republic of Iran is a very valuable asset for the group itself.
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Zelinko, M. S., and E. A. Kartseva. "Street art and public art in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), no. 3 (March 27, 2023): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2303-02.
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The article is devoted to the review of the visual environment of modern Tehran and other cities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the context of the diversity of forms of monumental, urban and street art. The definitions of the basic concepts and tactics of the existence of contemporary art in the city, such as street art and public art, are given. Their aesthetic, conceptual components and genealogical prerequisites are revealed with an attempt to further adapt to the Iranian art scene, which can be characterized as young, dynamic, actively developing under the influence of a large number of specific socio-cultural features and external factors. The result of the article was an attempt to classify the diversity of these forms of urban art in Iran through the prism of dynamic intersections with its history, religion, political concepts, as well as world changes in recent decades, modern challenges and phenomena of urban culture, which determined the need for Iran to modernize and adapt a number of Western models for improving the living standards of its citizens, although the country remains closed and isolated from the outside world, and its culture is brightly colored by the desire for self-identification and localization. The article does not claim to be a comprehensive review of Iranian street art, but seeks to identify the most characteristic forms of its representation based on a business trip to Iran by one of the authors of the article.
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Nakhaei, Jalal, Mahdi Bitarafan, and Shahin Lale Arefi. "CHOOSING THE BEST URBAN TUNNELS AS SAFE SPACE IN CRISIS USING AHP METHOD: A CASE STUDY IN IRAN." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1056439.
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In recent decades, experiences resulted from Modern wars have shown that aggressive armies have targeted vital and sensitive resources of the other countries in order to decrease their expenses in one hand and increase damages in other hand, defending countries transmit their critical and sensitive facilities to safe underground spaces in order to reduce damages, and experience has shown that underground spaces receive the least damage. This study tries to examine and prioritize Tehran tunnels as undergroundsafe spaces at crisis times regarding their structural parameters and also civil defense arrangements. It could accelerate the selection and creation of underground-safe spaces at crisis and it also can decrease construction and maintenance costs. This study has used AHP method to evaluate Tehran tunnels. In this regard five indices have been chosen by asking experts in the related fields and to evaluate and select a proper way to choose the best one as an urban-safe space. Finally, the investigated tunnels are prioritized as Tohid weighted as 0.349, Niyayesh weighted as 0.279, Resalat weighted as 0.197 and finally Amir Kabir weighted as 0.164 respectively that showed Tohid tunnel is the best urban-safe space and, Niyayesh, Resalat and Amir Kabir tunnels take the next places in the ranking, respectively.
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Bahriny, Fariba, and Simon Bell. "Traditional versus Modern? Perceptions and Preferences of Urban Park Users in Iran." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042036.
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This study involved four parks in Iran—two modern ones located in Tehran and two historical, traditional examples, one in Kashan and one in Esfahan—in order to ask what are the key factors contributing to the satisfaction of visitors to the two types of park and also to compare user’s perceptions and values of the different types. An extensive questionnaire survey was conducted in each park, with a target of 300 responses, using a random sampling technique. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of a number of factors, while thinking about the park they were visiting, using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was undertaken. The results of the scores revealed differences between the two types of park. A factor analysis of the pooled results revealed that the key aspects contributing to a visit were named as ‘having fun and enjoying oneself’, in a place with ‘no barriers to using the park’ and ‘leaving one’s cares behind’ followed by ‘relaxing in the presence of natural beauty’. A further Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling analysis was undertaken to determine the main factors affecting the differences in preference for each type of park in relation to the key demographic variables. This revealed that the modern parks were preferred over the traditional ones for three significant sets of factors—recreation, accessibility and culture—and that there was a tendency for the historical parks to been favoured by more educated people. The conclusions are that the modern parks support the main preferred activities to support the quality of life of the population—not through their design per se but because they offer many more recreational opportunities. There is potential to include traditional elements such as water features more into parks. Park planners can take the findings and use them to help improve the quality of the parks over time.
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Shah, Syed Raheem Abbas, and Muhammad Akram Zaheer. "Educational System and Institutions in Persian Civilization: An Historical Description and its Impacts on Present Iran." Journal of South Asian Studies 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.009.03.3945.
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Persian civilization had its rich culture since the pre-Islamic era. It left its impacts on those areas where the Persian language had adopted like contemporary India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Tajikistan, and the Central Asian States. Its pre and post-Islamic educational system-generated hundreds of scholars which are well-nominated all over the world along with their inventions, philosophies, literature, and poetry. This article highlights an educational system in the Persian civilization since 2500 BC. Educational institutions before the conquest of Islam and post-Islamic changing patterns in it are going to be discussed in this article. There is also a focus upon educational institutions in modern Iran before the Islamic Revolution of 1979 that became the reason for the end of Pehlavi dynasty. Its hypothesis is that the present socio-economic and political development in Iran is a reason to strengthen the educational system that is protecting Persian civilization for centuries. The research is based on theoretically and historically descriptive, analytical, comparative, and qualitative and methods. The data is collected from books, research journals, newspapers, internet interviews, results of different dissertations, and personal visits to Iran in which attending several seminars, workshops, and training classes including visiting several universities and Research Centers in Qom and Tehran
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Jong, Abbas. "Social Theory and Navigating Indeterminacy: A Configurational Analysis of Iranian Youth’s Identity Construction in Contemporary Iran." Societies 14, no. 3 (February 21, 2024): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc14030032.
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An emerging disparity within contemporary social science highlights a disconnection between the world in the process of metamorphosing and cosmopolitanization and the knowledge of the social world that is still trapped in the cognitive assumptions of modern episteme, which provided the conditions for the emergence of modern social sciences a century ago. This divide inhibits the efficacy of social analysis in comprehending and elucidating contemporary phenomena. This article advocates for a shift in the ontology of social theory and science towards the cosmopolitanization of the world, characterized by the prioritization of indeterminacy and fluidity in the construction of social phenomena. It investigates the epistemological implications and prerequisites of this ontological transformation, favoring a post-foundationalist approach as the most suitable epistemological framework. In response to the challenges posed by the uncertainty and indeterminacy of cosmopolitanization, after reviewing some of the existing theoretical efforts to address and provide alternatives to this challenge, the article proposes the examination of social configurations as the most fitting subjects for study. This approach necessitates the suspension of conventional, given, regulated categories, and trans-historical theories. It underscores the importance of recognizing configurations as incomplete, contingent units shaped within specific historical contexts and moments. The fluidity, relationality, and indeterminacy of configurations situated between the universal and the singular make them suitable for analysis at the level of particular. After elaborating on the most important features of social configurations, finally, by employing the proposed theoretical framework, this article aims to investigate its effectiveness in analyzing the process of identity construction among Iranian youth in Tehran in the context of the cosmopolitanization of reality, particularly in the face of the Islamist regime of Iran’s official politics of identity. Through a review and revision of selected empirical studies on youth identity construction in the consumer spaces of Tehran, based on the idea of social configurations within the framework of cosmopolitanization, it is argued that the genuine understanding of identity politics in contemporary Iran is not rooted in conventional analytical norms and categories but rather in a comprehensible conceptual apparatus characterized by fluidity and indeterminacy, capable of effectively making sense of the conflict between the politics of determinacy and indeterminacy in Iranian everyday life.
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Talebi, Seyed Mehdi, Majid Mahdiyeh, Majid Ghorbani Nohooji, and Mahsa Akhani. "Analysis of trichome morphology and density in Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae) of Iran." Botanica 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2018-0005.
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AbstractSalvia nemorosa L. is an aromatic herb distributed widely in various regions of Iran, and is used in traditional and modern medicine. In the present study, leaf trichome densities and also type were investigated in six populations of the species, because the effective substances of this species exist in essential oil of glandular trichomes. For this, the mature intact leaves of each population were fixed in FAA solution, and then transverse hand sections were double-stained and studied using light microscopy. Leaf indumentum in all of the populations was dense pilose, with the exception of Tehran population that had loose pilose. Thirteen kinds of trichomes were identified, the main of which were peltate and capitate. PCA-biplot showed that each of these populations had prominent trichome trait(s). Furthermore, significant positive/negative correlations were found between some trichome types with main ecological factors of habitat. The studied populations clustered separately in the UPGMA tree, moreover, PCA and also PCO plots produced similar results. Our findings confirmed that ecological parameters of a habitat have strong effects on trichome morphology and density.
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Montazami, Morad. "Introduction to Amir Esbati, “The Student Movement of May 1968 and the Fine Art Students”." ARTMargins 6, no. 3 (October 2017): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00192.
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This text introduces the translation of Amir Esbati's essay “The Student Movement [Revolt] of May 1968 and the Fine Art Students,” first published in Labour and Art in Tehran in 1980. In the midst of the Iranian Revolution political and aesthetic upheaval, Amir Esbati, a member of the Marxist Group 57 student organisation, observed the following in the local revue Labour and Art in December 1978: “The walls of the city have become like the pages of a popular history book, so specific that we can tell the date and time of each sign or inscription.” This introduction looks at the most powerful manifestation of street politics shaping visual culture in modern Iran and at the way in which political posters operated, were reproduced, and became the objects of commentary and speculation.
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Esbati, Amir. "The Student Movement of May 1968 and the Fine Art Students." ARTMargins 6, no. 3 (October 2017): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00193.
Full textAbstract:
This text introduces the translation of Amir Esbati's essay “The Student Movement [Revolt] of May 1968 and the Fine Art Students,” first published in Labour and Art in Tehran in 1980. In the midst of the Iranian Revolution political and aesthetic upheaval, Amir Esbati, a member of the Marxist Group 57 student organisation, observed the following in the local revue Labour and Art in December 1978: “The walls of the city have become like the pages of a popular history book, so specific that we can tell the date and time of each sign or inscription.” This introduction looks at the most powerful manifestation of street politics shaping visual culture in modern Iran and at the way in which political posters operated, were reproduced, and became the objects of commentary and speculation.
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Behnamian, Sara, Saman Behnamian, Fatemeh Fogh, Firooz Pashaei, and Malihe Mahin Saran. "NOVELTY ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN AN IRANIAN MOSQUE." Journal of Islamic Architecture 6, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i1.5508.
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Islamic architecture, particularly mosques architecture, has mainly been the focus of many architectural exhibitions in Muslim-majority countries. Recently, it has been influenced by novelty architecture and has been evolved into elaborate structures. Quds mosque in Tehran, Iran, is a picturesque architecture feat of a modern outlook that came under a lot of criticism for abandoning the traditional symbols of Islamic architecture. This study observes the Quds mosque from a mathematical standpoint using fractals as the method. Fractals are geometric constructions that exhibit similar or identical characteristics by order of magnitude. Rescaling a prominent architectural pattern is also a noticeable subject that considers Quds mosque from this point of view. This study shows that the Quds mosque used fractal principles; self-similarity and congruency. Those are applied in the roof form by using a triangle form on each side.
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Khosravi, Hamed. "CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit." Urban Planning 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2172.
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The aftermath of WWII not only marked the beginning of a new geopolitical order but also once again brought discourses of architecture and planning back to the frontline of the confrontations between the West and the Soviet blocs. Although the immediate need for post-war reconstruction left almost no time for contextual theoretical development in architectural and planning principles, the “occupied” and “liberated” territories became laboratories in which the new concepts of urban form, domestic architecture, and forms of life were tested. During 1945–1967 Tehran became one these experimental grounds in which these planning principles were tested and implemented; a battleground where the socialist and the capitalist ideologies met. The key to this urban development project was an ideologically charged repercussion of the CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) discourse, specifically on Existenzminimum (1929) and Rationelle Bebauungsweisen (1930). While the CIAM’s agenda had already found its way to Iran through one of its founding members, Gabriel Guevrekian, it became operative through the activities of the Association of Iranian Architects who were in charge of major housing developments in Tehran since 1945. Thus, CIAM guidelines were translated into building codes, regulations, and protocols that had the fundamental role in shaping the Middle East’s first modern metropolis. New housing models were developed and proposed by the Association of Iranian Architects that cut ties with the traditional typologies and proposed a radically new urban form, architecture, and forms of life. This project at large, of course, was not politically neutral. This article reviews the role of two protagonists in introducing and revisiting the CIAM discourse in shaping the post-war neighbourhoods and housing typologies in Tehran.
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Matin, Mehran, and Moujan Matin. "A Preliminary Study of a Nineteenth-Century Persian Manuscript on Porcelain Manufacture in the Sipahsalar Library, Tehran." Muqarnas Online 35, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993_03501p013.
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Abstract The Risāla dar tafṣīl-i sākhtan-i chīnī (A Treatise on Porcelain Manufacture) is a Qajar-period manuscript in Persian, housed at the Sipahsalar Library in Tehran. It is the only known source that details the modern technology of porcelain production in the Qajar era (1789–1925). According to the information in the colophon, the scribe, Masih ibn Muhammad Baqir al-Firuzabadi, completed the manuscript in the year 1284 (1868). The text mentions that it is the translation of a French work, but no further reference to the original book is given. The purpose of this essay is to introduce and review the Persian manuscript, to reveal its relation to the three-volume Traité des arts céramiques ou des poteries (Treatise on Ceramic Arts or Potteries) by Alexandre Brongniart, a nineteenth-century scientist and director of the Sèvres Porcelain Factory, and to underline its importance to the history of art and technology in Qajar Iran.
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Ghiasi, Mohammad. "A comparative study on common power flow techniques in the power distribution system of the Tehran metro." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180630204718.
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Overall, a power-flow study is a steady-state assessment whose goal is to specify the currents, voltages, and real and reactive flows in a power system under a given load conditions. This paper presents a comparison of common power flow techniques in the Tehran metro power distribution system at the presence of non-linear loads. Moreover, a modelling, simulation and analysis of this power distribution system is implemented with the Electrical Transient Analyser Program (ETAP) software. In this assessment, common power flow techniques including the Newton-Raphson (NR), Fast Decoupled (FD), and Accelerated Gauss-Seidel (AGS) techniques are provided and compared. The obtained results (total generation, loading, demand, system losses, and critical report of the power flow) are analysed. In this paper, we focus on the detailed assessment and monitoring by using the most modern ETAP software, which performs numerical calculations of a large integrated power system with fabulous speed and also generates output reports. The capability and effectiveness of the power flow analysis are demonstrated according to the simulation results obtained with ETAP by applying it to the power distribution system of the Tehran metro. In developing countries such as Iran, off-line modelling and simulation of power grids by a powerful software are beneficial and helpful for the best usage of the electrical energy.
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Moghaddasi, Ahmad, Mohammad Hossein Moghaddasi, and Hosein Kalantari Khalilabad. "MOHSEN FOROUGHI (1907–1983): THOUGHTS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE WORKS OF AN IRANIAN MODERNIST ARCHITECT." Architecture and Engineering 5, no. 4 (2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2020-5-4-28-34.
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Introduction: Mohsen Foroughi was one of the first-generation Iranian modernist architects who joined Iranian architecture in the 1940s. His knowledge of architecture obtained in one of the most important French architectural schools—École des Beaux-Arts—allowed him to create valuable works by combining the spirit of Iranian architecture with modern values. His interest in education led to the establishment of the foundations of architecture teaching in Iran, based on the lessons taught in Europe. Purpose of the study: The article addresses the works of Mohsen Foroughi, combining modern architecture with the vernacular Iranian architecture. His most significant works include the building of the Senate, the Department of Law at the University of Tehran, the National Bank of Tehran’s Bazaar, and the Saadi Tomb in Shiraz. The article looks at the development of intellectual flows of the time that evolved into social relationships. Methods: In the course of the study, we use descriptive analysis and analysis of library resources. Results: The main characteristics of Foroughi’s work are balance, symmetry, and application of the main elements of traditional Iranian architecture. By better understanding of his works, architects can be more successful in creating today’s architectural projects.
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Kalim, Inayat, Muhammad Mubeen, and Sohail Ahmad. "Impact of Shia-Sunni Annoyances on the Contemporary Geopolitics in the Middle East: A Critical Appraisal." Global Regional Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(i-i).24.
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The modern-day Shiite-Sunni split between the Sunnite Kingdom of SaudiArabia and Shia theocracy Islamic Republic of Iran is predominantly portrayed as a sectarian conflict. Instead, their rivalry constituted geopolitical, economic, military, and religious supremacy and legitimacy in the region of the Middle East. Riyadh and Tehran are convoluted in a complex rivalry over a volatile region where both want their dominance and become a Muslim world leader. Religious dissimilarities are of secondary worth for the political elite of both the states, despite the doctrinal variance of Wahhabism and Shiism in their socio-religious setup; the competition of geostrategic influence in the Middle East makes the primary concern instead. Both countries have directly and indirectly supported sectarian violence and militancy in the region, which has caused immense harm to Muslim unity. Muslims are embroiled in several problems and conflicts throughout the world in the name of religious sectarianism, which has weakened their position at the international level.
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Carter, Adrian, and Marja Sarvimäki. "Utzon: The defining light of the Third Generation." ZARCH, no. 10 (July 20, 2018): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2018102933.
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In Space, Time, and Architecture, Sigfried Giedion identified Jørn Utzon as one of the proponents and leaders of what Giedion regarded as the Third Generation of modern architecture in the 20th century. This article considers how Utzon subsequently further exemplified in later works the principles Giedion had identified as essential to that Third Generation and discusses, as Giedion did not explicitly, the significance of light in Utzon’s architecture, which plays a key role in underpinning and articulating these defining principles. This article addresses how the principles Giedion attributed to Utzon and his defining consideration of light, derived from his interpretations of his many transcultural sources of inspiration, notably including from, China, Iran, Japan, Hawaii, Mexico, and Morocco, as well as from his own Nordic realm and Europe, as can be seen in the Sydney Opera House, Can Lis in Mallorca, Melli Bank in Tehran, Kuwait National Assembly, and Bagsværd Church in Denmark, among others.
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Karimi-Hakkak, Ahmad. "Revolutionary Posturing: Iranian Writers and the Iranian Revolution of 1979." International Journal of Middle East Studies 23, no. 4 (November 1991): 507–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800023394.
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During those eventful days of early January 1979, after Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran had finally announced his intention to leave the country and the revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini had made his return from exile contingent on the shah's departure, a hemistitch by Hafez, the 14th-century Persian poet, suddenly appeared next to an array of revolutionary slogans on display in the streets of Tehran: “Div cho birun ravad fereshteh dar āyad” (When the demon departs, the angel shall arrive). The basic binary oppositions of demon/angel and departure/arrival fit the realities of the situation the country had found itself in; a perfect correspondence had been made between the simple, single idea enshrined in the abstract language of a medieval poetic phrase and the intricate political posturing involved in a modern-day revolution in the making. Furthermore, the stark discourse of antagonism underlying the opposition had become as absolute, as uncompromising as the idea of a total revolution.
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YURTAEV, V. I. "IRAN IN SITUATION OF THE SANCTION REGIME TRANSFORMATION." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-2-66-80.
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After the after cancellation of the anti-Iranian sanctions by the international community on 15 July 2015 in Iran the new stage of development has begun.. In 2013, for the post of President of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) was elected Hassan Rouhani. Essence launched under the slogan “economy of resistance” of the new economic policy of the IRI is to make full use of internal reserves of growth to intensive development of the real sector of the economy, national production, focusing on knowledgeintensive sectors and industries for deep processing of hydrocarbons and other natural raw materials export orientation. Thus, the policy of “resistance economy” aimed at creating in Iran independent of foreign supplies industries. To the fore in Iran, leaves a large-scale project activity designed to implement the principle of “constructive engagement”. Implemented and planned in Iran’s strategic projects are meant for the Iranian leadership in the region and the world. As has shown the conducted research, paramount value in modern conditions is gained by factors of continuity and deepening of trust, increase in level of the relations with neighbors that can be provided with means of joint participation in implementation of status Euroasian technological, infrastructureand trade projects. Such interaction may include, for example, joint participation in projects of the Great Silk Road, the formation of a belt of security and of dialogue in greater Eurasia, cooperation in the framework of the SCO, the EEU and other international organizations. Iran certainly has kept commitment to logic of implementation of the Pax Umma Islamica project, originally – in Southwest Asia, under its leadership. All foreign policy activity of IRI in the foreseeable future, including forming of new system of regional stability in the Middle East and the international cooperation will be subordinated to achievement of this purpose, finally. Tehran, as one might expect, will return to the traditional Iranian policy of balancing, this time between China and the United States. Therefore, the possible inclusion of Iran in the alternative projects of the Great Silk Road (South Korea – Northern Europe – South Africa).
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Yavarpour, Houshang, Mehraban Hadi Peykani, and Azar Gholizadeh. "Investigation of relationship between personality characteristics and career management of Melli Bank staff, Iran." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-si).2016.15.
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Modern organizations provide their required goods and materials easily from other organizations and even other countries and the only resource that can’t be exchanged ideally is human resources, such that an efficient and standard human resources is the most important competitive capital of a country. According to this, current research aims to explain the relationship between personality characteristics with career management of Melli Bank staff in Iran. Statistical population of this research is all employees of Melli Bank central branches which are located in Tehran city. The number of Melli Bank central branches’ employees is 2603 and the total number of branches is 28 and an appropriate group sampling method is applied. The research method is descriptive-correlation type. For data gathering, two questionnaires of career path based on Shine model and personality characteristics questionnaire were used. The results show that there is a positive significant relation between the variables of emotional stability personality with the regression coefficient of 0.143, compatible personality with the regression coefficient of 0.110, experience- oriented personality mode variable with the regression coefficient of 0.231 and work ethic personality with the regression coefficient of 0.143 and career management of Melli Bank employees. But there is no significant relation between extroversion as one of the personality characteristics and employees’ career management. Keywords: career dimensions, career anchors, personality characteristics, Melli Bank. JEL Classification: M10, M12, J24
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Javanmardi, Leila. "Urbanism under dictatorship." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 498–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-05-2019-0128.
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Purpose By analyzing urbanism products, development plans and the process of modernization in Iran, the purpose of this paper is to critically trace the effect of dictatorial control on urbanism and the emergence of government-imposed urban segregation. Design/methodology/approach The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, the methodology of this research is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data are gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding the housing projects. Findings The results reveal that despite the intense propaganda, the regime policies barely mentioned the urban poor. With the rise of new principles of architecture and urban planning, the regime tried to promote the image of an updated society; restructuring of the urban space was part of this process. However, the majority of the urban projects disregarded the financial ability of low-income groups and eventually benefited only the middle and upper classes. Also, by imposing a physical distance, low-income neighborhoods were located in the south in order to marginalize the urban poor who were in contrast with the idea of a modern city. Under these circumstances, severe economic inequality was provoked, which to this day has transformed into a complex socio-spatial segregation. Originality/value The works of general historical studies are not concentrated on urbanism and urban researchers have mostly focused on urbanism products during different periods, regardless, of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of existing research investigates the evolution of urbanism and architecture in modern Iran, by questioning “what has been built?” and has ignored to trace the beneficiaries of the urban projects and to question “built for whom?”. Moreover, urbanism under the government of Mossadegh (1951–1953) has been largely overlooked, which could be due to his short time as Prime Minister of Iran. Mossadegh’s government was the first democratic government in Iran; hence investigating the policies used in this period has a great importance.
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Kazemeini, Ali, and Amirhassan Kermanshah. "Promoting Sustainable Transport in Developing Countries: A Case Study of University Students in Tehran." Future Transportation 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 858–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp3030048.
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One of the ways to address the modern traffic-related problems is to encourage people to use sustainable travel modes more regularly. Transportation planners need to find the factors that affect people’s opinions toward using these modes. In this study, we investigated these factors using a case study of a developing country by distributing an online survey among the students of four universities in Tehran. The number of complete responses received was 134 from SUT, 63 for UT, 31 from AUT, and 204 from IUST, summing up to 432 responses. A binomial logistic regression model was used to find the paramount factors affecting the selection of cycling and public transportation. Our model found five and four statistically significant factors affecting preferences toward using bicycle and public transport, respectively. Several novel outcomes resulted from our study. First, expressing prestige to others resulted in the reduction of the preference of students toward cycling by 80%. Second, while a high number of the respondents are not currently using bikes to commute, a noticeable number of them are amongst the ones that will cycle in their daily commutes in an ideal condition. Third, in Iran, a religious approach is present in the society, which results in lower rates of public transport usage among females. Finally, while long commuting distance is the main barrier to cycling, travel time plays a bigger role in the preferences toward using public transportation. In the end, some practical solutions are suggested to encourage the usage of these modes. They include providing safe bicycle lanes and more space in the public transportation systems.
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Svistunova, I. A. "Turkish-Iranian Relations in the Middle East: in Search of the Regional Balance." MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-4-67-130-144.
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Turkey and Iran are two Middle Eastern neighbors building their relationship on the basis of competition and cooperation. Both countries aim at the position of regional leader and want to offer their own «model» of development to the Middle East. Historical neighborship has provided Turkey and Iran not only with the experience of struggle for influence, but an ability to interact in the spheres of overlapping interests as well. Turmoil in the Middle East attracts the attention of researchers to the issue of Turkish-Iranian relations. The article deals with the key areas of regional relations of the two countries reflecting their efforts to keep the power balance though they have contradicting interest. Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 has put Turkish and Iranian «models» in adversary positions to one another emphasizing religion vs secularism.The Turkish side has broadened the range of its instruments after Justice and Development Party coming to power in Ankara, although its aim remains to be the promotion of Western concepts in the Middle East. The Party’s strategy to expand Turkish influence in the region takes into account the Ottoman heritage, which modern Ankara seeks to popularize in order to reinforce its claims to regional leadership. The competitive arsenal of the Turkish leadership includes historical ties with the peoples of the region and the experience of the Europeanization of the Muslim state.Iran is promoting its vision of Muslim democracy, positioning itself as a staunch fighter against the expansionism of the West and, despite the decline in warlike rhetoric, does not refuse to export the values of the Islamic revolution. Ankara is at odds with Western countries on private issues or methods, but generally it shares the same strategic approaches. Tehran, on the contrary, rejects the ideological rapprochement with the West and the borrowing of Western development models, advocating maintaining its own path. In fact, Iran and Turkey offer Middle Eastern countries alternative political transformation options.Iraq and Syria represent both the sphere of Turkish-Iranian competition and the possibility for tactical alignment on the basis of converging interests. The events of recent years have demonstrated that at the times when the Turkey and Iran sense common threats, they put their contradictions on the back burner. Pragmatism and rivalry in Turkish-Iranian relations are not alternatives but exist in parallel as a way of maintaining a regional balance of power between the two countries. This explains the ability of Ankara and Tehran to seek compromises. At the same time, the various approaches of these states to the future structure of the Middle East region will continue to hinder the creation of a stable alliance between them. These realities must be taken into account when assessing the prospects for the development of the regional situation and the potential of Turkish-Iranian relations, the study of which is especially important for Russia, taking into account trilateral cooperation to resolve the crisis in Syria.
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Safari, Parvin, and Rahman Sahragard. "Iranian EFL Teachers’ Challenges with the New ELT Program after the Reform: From Dream to Reality." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 2015): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2015.18.4.65.
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There is no doubt concerning the interdependence of educational progress with human development, socio-economic growth, greater opportunities, welfare, and political stability. Hence,for further development and growth of education,transformations and reforms in curriculum are required to reflect the latest changes in theories and praxis of the modern world (Fterniati, 2006). In Iran, due to the inadequacy of the preceding ELT education policies in developing students’ communicative skills and capabilities, a reform occurred in the ELT program as new communicative based textbooks entitled as “English for School Series” and CLT pedagogywere introduced into the context of public schools. However, implementation of the innovative curriculum was associated with different feedback from English teachers. This qualitative study is, indeed, an attempt to explore concerns, problems, and constraints that EFL teachers experienced through the revolutionary reform of the ELT education. Thus, based on stratified purposive sampling, the researchers selected 35male and female teachers of English at grades one and two of junior high schools from both urban and rural regions of Tehran, Shiraz, and Yazd, Iran.The researchers usedtranscription and codification of data gathered through semi-structured interview to find the emergent themes concerning teachers’ challenges and problems in Iran. The findings also indicated that if the new English language reform and policy turn out to be successful at the national level, the government is necessarily required to take actions towards elimination of the potential impediments which block the materialization of the new curriculum.
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Bîca, Ioan. "The Specific of Tourist Activities and Physical Effort on the Southern Face of Damavand Mountain (Iran, Alborz Mountains)." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 65, no. 3 (December 20, 2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.65(3).25.
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"Mount Damavand is part of the 7th Volcano Circuit and is located in the central-southern part of the Alborz Mountains in Iran, 70 km north of Tehran. Due to its altitude of 5610 m, the mountain is a challenge for climbers and imposes a series of atmospheric conditions that induce certain physical stresses during the ascent to the top. The standard route is located on the southern face of the mountain and leaves from the village of Polour to two camps, Goosfand Sara (3000 m) and Bargah Sevom (4200 m). The access to the first camp can be done by car, and from there to the second camp on foot, the luggage being transported by mules by the locals. In the second camp, Bargah Sevom, is a modern stone refuge, which belongs to the Iranian Mountaineering Federation. Sports activities take place in two major stages: acclimatization and climbing to the top, for which at least 2-3 days are allocated. The present study, carried out on the occasion of a scientific, and sports expedition, aims to analyze the organization of tourist activities, the attractive potential and the peculiarities of the effort on the southern face of the mountain, between the altitudes of 3000 m and 5610 m. Keywords: seven volcanoes circuit, mountaineering, mountain leisure, heart rate."
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Nasirpour, Nasim, Alireza Mazdaki, and Esmail Enayati. "The Investigation and Comparison of the Performance of Heuristic Methods in the Prediction of the Type of Auditor’s Opinion in Firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange." Asian Social Science 12, no. 6 (May 20, 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n6p148.
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<p>Stock companies play a key role in the economy of any country and the success of these companies depends to a great degree on investors and creditors’ interest who invest in them. Auditors’ reports assume a special position in the decisions taken by investors and creditors. Therefore, the importance of offering high quality information with a view on recent events in the firms (bankruptcy and dissolution, financial scandals, loses suffered by creditors, etc.) becomes clear; moreover, audit reports can prevent these events by creating certain signals. To this end, modern heuristic methods for the prediction of the type of auditor’s opinion are offered in this paper. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of probabilistic neural network method and to compare it with artificial neural network in order to identify and predict the type of independent auditor’s opinion in Iran in the time period of 2009 to 2013. The patterns used to predict the type of independent auditor’s opinion can be divided into different categories-these categories are becoming more complex and more advanced: single-variable models, multi discriminant analysis, regression function, neural networks, etc. neural networks are getting increasing popularity among researchers for their non-linear and non-parametric properties. Therefore, modern approaches are used in this study to predict the type of auditor’s opinion.</p>
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Ameli kalkhoran, Seyedeh Maryam, Kamran Rabiei, Seyed Mehdi Seyed Alizadeh, Hakimeh Morabbi Heravi, and Yaser Rouzpeykar. "Analyzing Impact of Intellectual Capital on Business Performance Using Structural Models Based on Customer Knowledge Management." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7453565.
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In the modern era, intellectual capital encompasses all resources within an organization that enhance the value and competence of the organization. Consequently, this indicates that managing intellectual capital effectively will enhance the value and performance of an organization. This study aims to investigate the effects of intellectual capital on business performance through the use of customer knowledge management in the Bank Mellat branches of Iran. In this study, all managers and employees working for Bank Mellat in Tehran are included. Based on Morgan’s table, the sample size was 220 people. Sampling was done by the simple random method. We used a descriptive correlation method to conduct this study and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaires were scored using a Likert scale. It was confirmed by a consensus of experts that the research instrument was valid, and the reliability of the research was 0.894%. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. According to the results, the dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural, and relational) have a significant impact on business performance. However, relational capital has been more influential on business performance than other factors.
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Javedani Masroor, Mojgan, Saeid Rezaei, Seyed Ali Hashemi Kiapey, Mahdi Hakiminezhad, and Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Status toward Clinical Reasoning and Evidence-Based Medicine among the Medical Interns and Gynecology Residents of Iran University of Medical Sciences." Scientific World Journal 2024 (March 13, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6546432.
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Background. Clinical reasoning and evidence-based medicine (EBM) are important concepts in modern medicine. Objective. We performed this study to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) status toward clinical reasoning and EBM among the medical interns and gynecology resident physicians of Iran University of Medical Sciences and related factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study (Tehran, Iran, first half of 2022) was conducted based on two researcher-made questionnaires consisting of three components for each including clinical reasoning attitude (CR-A), clinical reasoning knowledge (CR-K), clinical reasoning practice (CR-P), EBM attitude (EBM-A), EBM knowledge (EBM-K), and EBM practice (EBM-P). The related factors were age, gender, educational level, score of general practice education, having research experience, and general practice experience. Results. A total of 60 individuals participated. The mean score was good for CR-A, moderate for CR-K, moderate for CR-P, good for EBM-A, moderate for EBM-K, and moderate for EBM-P. The total score was moderate in both clinical reasoning and EBM. Among the related factors, CR-P was associated with higher educational levels and having experience in general practice (P <0.05). Research experience was associated with better CR-K and all KAP components for EBM (P <0.05). Conclusion. The total score and many of the KAP components had moderate status for clinical reasoning and EBM. Planning on the associated factors should be regarded in the future. Such questionnaires are suggested to be validated for use in quasi-experimental studies.
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Šetinc, Matej. "Das Politische in Sama Maanis Roman Žižek in Teheran." Journal for Foreign Languages 15, no. 1 (December 12, 2023): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.15.171-188.
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In the article “The Political in Sam Maani’s Novel Žižek in Tehran” we examine how the political enters into the poetics of Maani’s novel. We are particularly interested in the roles played by the satire, subversiveness and form of this postmodern-modern text. Can the political within such a literary work turn back to the recipient and reach back to the extra-literary reality without turning literature into agitprop? Our aim is to observe whether the essential elements that establish a human as a political being, the field of “being-with” (Mit-sein) or of action in the space of “being-with” (Mit-sein), or, according to Bakhtin, the event of co-being (sobytie), are present in the novel. Our study shows that all the protagonists as subjects are reduced, or split, there are no clear identities, and the narrative is fragmented. Many metatexts in the form of parentheses or additions further disrupt the unity of time and space. The video clips mentioned in the novel should also be considered as an integral part of the text. Furthermore, Tehran, which is the name given to the country in the novel, should not be understood as simply referring to Iran. In the novel Teheran bears the characteristics of other countries and the historical traits of their dictatorships. It is precisely the deconstruction of reality and the departure from realism that make it possible to literarize the political without fearing that the novel can be read as a univocal allegorical description of reality in Iran. The narrator turns to the reader and establishes a dialogue with him. In this way the recipient, i.e. the real reader, becomes the other and the field of dialogue between them becomes politically functional, since by establishing meaning and by logically constructing the narrative the reader enters as the addressed in the field of “being with” and participates by taking positions. Reading becomes an act of the political from the space of the aesthetic. However, since the novel is about one of the greatest possible traumas of humanity and is also written as a kind of poetic psychoanalysis, the process of reception and the construction of meaning of this text is at the same time a kind of healing, as is also implied in the novel’s conclusion.
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Pashm Foroush, Maryam, Abolfazl Karami, Shahab Moradi, and Mastooreh Sedaghat. "Construction and standardization of tools for measuring the tendency to modernity in students." Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies 4, no. 5 (2023): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.4.5.13.
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Background and Aim: The issue of transition from traditional society to modern society has been one of the main topics of sociology since the end of World War I. The aim of this study was to construct and standardize the modernity tendency questionnaire by analyzing the factors and measuring its validity and reliability. Methods: The present study was exploratory. The statistical population of this study was all students studying in the academic year of 2008-2009 in Payame Noor Universities in Tehran province. For this purpose, 895 students of Payame Noor University of Tehran completed the designed tool in the academic year of 2008-19. For this purpose, first, the theoretical foundations of previous researches were studied and then a questionnaire was designed based on the areas of the mentioned structure obtained from the study of the resources. After examining the face and content validity of the questions made in relation to each subtest and removing inappropriate questions from it, a total of 58 questions were selected for final implementation on the sample by multistage cluster random sampling. Principal component analysis and varimax rotation method and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retesting were investigated. Results: The results showed that the sampling quality index (KMO) was 0.828 and the significance level of Bartlett's spherical test was less than 0.001. Five factors were extracted from the set of questions, of which 48.2% of the total variance is explained. The first factor with a specific value of 10.8 equal to 22.5% of the total variance and finally the fifth factor with a special value of 2.4 about 5.1% justifies the variance of the total variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the components of the tendency to modernism questionnaire between 0.69 and 90, indicating the appropriate validity of this tool. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the modernity tendency questionnaire in students has good validity and reliability for future research in Iran.
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Salamat, Shekoufeh, and Said Sadeghian-Sharif. "Households’ Socio-Economic Characteristics and Their Food Purchase Patterns: A Macro Study on IRAN Households Income and Expenditure Survey." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab056_008.
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Abstract Objectives Dietary pattern analysis has a holistic approach to the eating behaviors of populations. The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of food expenditure (as a proxy of dietary patterns) in Iranian urban households. Methods The study made use of Iran Households Income and Expenditure Survey data in the urban areas that included 18,701 households. Principal components analysis was used to identify major household food expenditure patterns (FEPs) and binary logistic regression models for relation between households’ socioeconomic characteristics with FEPs. Results Four FEPs could be identified: “Affordable and Diverse” (ADP), “Expensive and Modern” (EMP), “Traditional" (TP), and “Cheap and Western” (CWP). Factors that increased the ORs of EMP and CWP had many similarities. Being a child under 5 years old, being a child or adolescent with 6 to 18 years old and being a mother's with a university education level in the household, increased the ORs of these patterns. Also Factors that increased the ORs of ADP and TP had many similarities. Smaller family size, older family, no children under 5, and lower maternal education in the household, increased the ORs of these patterns. The ORs of " ADP" Showed no difference between income quarters rather the ORs of EMP, TP, and CWP In households in the fourth quarter of income compared to the first quarter, were 3.57 (95% CI = 3.12–4.17), 0.55 (95% CI = 0.49–0.62) and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.53–0.67) respectively. Conclusions This study clearly shows the role of mother's education and the presence of children in the choice of household food expenditure pattern and in Iranian urban households, especially households with children, improving household income should be considered along with creating healthier food environments. Funding Sources Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Karami, Masoud, Mohamad Mehdi Maleki, and Alan J. Dubinsky. "Cultural values and consumers’ expectations and perceptions of service encounter quality." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-09-2014-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of cultural values on perceptions of service encounter quality by examining the potentially mediating role of service encounter expectations. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was designed to collect data from 30 cosmetic clinic patients in Tehran, Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. Moreover, path modeling and bootstrapping were implemented using Smartpls 2.0 (M3) software to analyze the collected data and to assess the research model (Figure 1). Findings Cultural values have a significant impact on both expectations and perceptions of service encounter quality. Moreover, findings show that expectations of service encounter quality have an impact on perceptions of service encounter quality. The mediating role of service encounter expectations was confirmed. Research limitations/implications There are additional issues that should be addressed about different aspects of service encounters in developing countries. Moreover, subcultures provide attractive context for service quality perception research; subcultures comprise a large consumer market having its own cultural values that future research could examine. Practical implications Healthcare service providers should understand the cultural values of patients that may differ by social demographic characteristics. Providing a service that enhances patient cultural values might enhance success in the plastic surgery market, because such surgery may assist one in gaining recognition and improving their relationships with others. Clinic managers should consider Iran as a developing country, with its considerable young population having modern self-oriented demands, should be a desirable market for cosmetics and beauty care products. Originality/value Using the concept of Schwartz’s basic human values model to assess consumers’ cultural values and its impact on service encounter quality was the study’s main contribution. Moreover, it is among few studies conducted in the cosmetic surgery industry in a developing country’s context.
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Vahidi, Sara, Vahid Hatamzadeh, Paniz Nouri, and Afshin Afshin Far. "Monitoring Land Cover Changes in Tehran City over 5 years (2018 to 2022) using Remote Sensing based Spatial Information." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 20, no. 3 (April 4, 2023): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i3440.
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Rapid economic growth has increased the speed of resource changes and many of these changes have rapid and harmful effects Natural environment such as agriculture, forest, water resources, value Cultural things such as historical landscape and health Humans have put Land use changes directly It changes the resources of the earth, which affects the temperature and humidity causes changes in the climate and weather of the region as well It reduces cultivated areas [1]. Considering that one of the main prerequisites for the optimal use of land, obtaining information One of the patterns of land use over time is map design. Related specializations are one of the most important goals in management it is considered natural resource [2]. In recent years, preparing land use maps by digital classification of remote sensing data have been adverted as appropriate alternative for using this type of maps. Remote sensing is a modern and useful technique in updating land use maps and detecting new changes. In this research ArcGIS pro used for classification that is one of the most accurate and updated software for remote sensing’s process for detecting 4 main type of classes in Tehran city in IRAN. standard accuracy in satellite image processing is important criteria in this study with standard kappa coefficient accuracy, and overall accuracy of data calculated for each maps, by considering 4 essential classes in a major city and converted to maps of changes in linear regression concluded that build-up class have a significant slope increase 3422/3 (hectares), plant class is improving during the study period as 2821/71 (hectares) but these increment are inhomogeneous, water class has sharp drop as 443.52 (hectares), Then the most of decrement is for the barren area which named soil class as 5800.48 (hectares). Part of accuracy in this research depends on severity of the numbers of test samples which given for classification that are more than5000 pixels to assessment reliable results. According to the standards of kappa coefficient that provided in USGS earth data site all off maps are acceptable.
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Boor Boor, Bahareh, Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, and Mohammad Reza Falsafinezhad. "Communication Challenges of Parents and Their Adolescent Daughters With an Emphasis on Social Media Use: A Content Analysis Study." Journal of Research & Health 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jrh.11.4.1804.1.
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Background: Challenge between parents and their children is a rapidly growing phenomenon in Iran. The communication challenges of adolescence with emphasis on social media in this study is a phenomenon that based on the changes and developments of adolescence, can affect the nature and quality of family relationships, question the parental authority, and cause changes in regulations. The present study explored the communication challenges of parents and adolescents with a focus on the use of the Internet and social media. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using content analysis. The research population consisted of several parents with children (daughters) who were studying in the first secondary school in District 11 of Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. The participants were 15 parents who were selected using purposive sampling and based on the theoretical saturation criterion. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were then analyzed, codified, and categorized. Finally, after the extraction of the themes, the relevant and common themes were combined in the form of secondary and main categories. Results: Based on the content analysis of the data collected from the interviews, 4 main categories were identified: social media opportunities, social media coping strategies, social media problems from the parents’ point of view, and communication problems with the child. Conclusion: In the modern world, parent-adolescent communication challenges are intermingled with the common challenges of using social media. However, it is impossible to ignore the effective and useful presence of social media in modern life. Acquiring knowledge, training conflict resolution skills, and recognizing the factors related to conflicts between parents and adolescents can help parents and pave the way for reducing parent-adolescent conflicts and improving the quality of parent-adolescent communication concerning social media use.