Academic literature on the topic 'Modern republican theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modern republican theory"
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de Dijn, Annelien. "Rousseau and Republicanism." Political Theory 46, no. 1 (October 9, 2015): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591715609101.
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Rousseau was arguably one of the most important and influential of eighteenth-century republican thinkers. However, contemporary republican theorists, most notably Philip Pettit, have written him out of the republican canon by describing Rousseau as a “populist” rather than a republican. I argue that this miscasting of Rousseau is not just historically incorrect but that it has also led to a weakening of contemporary republican political theory. Rousseau was one of the few early modern republican thinkers to take seriously the problem of the tyranny of the majority and to attempt to formulate a cogent answer to that problem. Ignoring his contribution to republican political thought therefore cuts off contemporary republicans from an important resource for thinking about this problem.
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GOUREVITCH, ALEX. "WILLIAM MANNING AND THE POLITICAL THEORY OF THE DEPENDENT CLASSES." Modern Intellectual History 9, no. 2 (July 10, 2012): 331–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244312000066.
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This article reappraises the political ideas of William Manning, and through him the trajectory of early modern republicanism. Manning, an early American farmer writing in the 1780s and 1790s, developed the republican distinction between “the idle Few” and “the laboring Many” into a novel “political theory of the dependent classes.” On this theory, it is the dependent, laboring classes who share an interest in social equality. Because of this interest, they are the only ones who can achieve and maintain republican liberty. With this identification of the interests of the dependent classes with the common good, Manning inverted inherited republican ideas, and transformed the language of liberty and virtue into one of the first potent, republican critiques of exploitation. As such, he stands as a key figure for understanding the shift in early modern republicanism from a concern with constitutionalism and the rule of law to the social question.
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Hasberg Zirak-Schmidt, David. "Kongebilleder." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 50, no. 133 (June 6, 2022): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v50i133.132739.
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This article analyses a conflict between royalist iconography and republican iconoclasm in the visual strategies of the frontispieces to Eikon Basilike and Eikon Alethine, two works that react to the execution of Charles I in 1649. The article argues that the clash between these two visual strategies is emblematic of a clash between a republican and an absolutist notion of sovereignty current in Caroline England. The absolutist notion of sovereignty may be meaningfully approached through Walter Benjamin’s theory of the ambiguous nature of early modern sovereignty. For Benjamin, the early modern sovereign is simultaneously a tyrant and a martyr. This double nature of the figure of the sovereign is the result of early modern political theology. The republican notion of sovereignty, which develops in the 1640s, is characterized by its emphasis on popular sovereignty. According to this view, only parliament could legitimately represent the interests of the commonwealth. However, the republican conceptualization of sovereignty ultimately fails because it fails to visually represent the abstract notion of popular sovereignty.
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Smith, Patrick Taylor. "A Neo-Republican Theory of Just State Surveillance." Moral Philosophy and Politics 7, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2019-0032.
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AbstractThis paper develops a novel, neo-republican account of just state surveillance in the information age. The goal of state surveillance should be to avoid and prevent domination, both public and private. In light of that conception of justice, the paper makes three substantive points. First, it argues that modern state surveillance based upon information technology and predicated upon a close partnership with the tech sector gives the state significant power and represents a serious potential source of domination. Second, it argues that, nonetheless, state surveillance can serve legitimate republican ends and so unilateral and private technological attempts to block it may be wrongful. Third, it argues that, despite the serious normative failings of current institutions, state surveillance can be justly regulated and made accountable through a legal liability regime that incentivizes tech company intermediaries to ally with civil society groups in order to safeguard the privacy rights of potential subjects of state surveillance.
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Hazard, Sonia. "Agency, the Idea of Agency, and the Problem of Mediation in America's God and Secularism in Antebellum America." Church History 84, no. 3 (September 2015): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640715000530.
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A common faith swept the country. According to Mark Noll's now-famous thesis, early republican and antebellum America was characterized by an ideological synthesis of evangelical religion, republican political theory, and common sense epistemology. Noll calls it “the Protestant consensus.” John Modern largely agrees. In Modern's telling, antebellum America was mired in the same entanglement of piety, politics, and epistemology. But in lieu of the civic language of consensus, Modern describes his formation as an “atmosphere,” a kind of conceptual cloud-hanging so thickly in the air that antebellum Americans inhaled it with every breath. This pervasive atmosphere is what Modern means by “the secular.”
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Baehr, Peter. "An ‘ancient sense of politics’? Weber, Caesarism and the Republican tradition." European Journal of Sociology 40, no. 2 (November 1999): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007505.
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This article critically examines recent claims that Weber's political thought has close associations with classical republicanism. One salient indication of Weber's distance from this tradition is his theory of Ceasarism, and his view that modern polities are most robust when they assume a version of it consistent with civil liberties. By employing the resources of Begriffsgcschichte, I examine the extent of Weber's departure from the ‘ancient sense of politics’ and the originality of his own political theory.
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Szántó, Veronika. "Did Harrington’s cats catch Harvey’s chick? Vitalistic imagery in early modern republican political theory." History of European Ideas 43, no. 6 (July 13, 2016): 570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2016.1202128.
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Betz, Margaret. "EVOLUTION AND THE MODERN DEUS EX MACHINA." Think 11, no. 30 (December 21, 2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175611000406.
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Evolution, the human soul, and the lower status of animals continue to stir debate not only in philosophy, religion and science, but in politics as well. In 2007 during a debate for the Republican candidate for United States President, three out of the ten candidates raised their hand when asked by the moderator, ‘Is there anyone on the stage who doesn't believe in evolution?’ The possibility of a lineage from animal life to distinctly human life offers the opportunity for a host of objections from some politicians, religious leaders and philosophers alike. Those who express an objection to the theory of evolution take issue with the idea that humanity is merely another link in the chain, albeit the last link. They share a desire to see human life as somehow unique, different, better.
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Галиев, Ф. Х., and А. Х. Султанов. "THEORY OF SEPARATION OF AUTHORITIES: A MODERN READING." Теория государства и права, no. 4(25) (January 18, 2022): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47905/matgip.2021.25.4.008.
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Как известно, в современных условиях в большинстве государств законодательно предусмотрены меры обособления органов одной власти от другой, с той целью, чтобы она ограничивалась собственной компетенцией и, в конечном счете, не допустить нарушений полномочий каждого органа в отдельности. Однако, следует учитывать, что соотношение между полномочиями органов всех ветвей государственной власти определяется в конституции в строгом соответствии с господствующим пониманием в данном государстве сущности демократии и народоправства. В литературе также принято ссылаться на американский парламентаризм, который в течение двух столетий развивается в условиях двухпартийной системы. В Соединенных Штатах Америки подобный механизм способствует тому, что демократам и республиканцам с определенной степенью частоты удается попеременно сменять друг друга. В этом отношении картина политической борьбы между партией, преобладающей в конгрессе, и главой государства, представляющим противоположную силу, содержит черты, которые в крайне невыгодном свете отражают особенности американской политической жизни. Достаточно вспомнить ожесточенные схватки между Президентом США Дональдом Трампом (республиканцем) и палатой представителей Конгресса, где преобладали демократы. В столь ожесточенной борьбе дело доходило до процедуры импичмента, вершиной же подобного противостояния стало то, что больше месяца американцы не могли получить официальные результаты итогов выборов нового главы государства. Авторы статьи делают вывод о том, что следует стремиться к тому, чтобы в представительном учреждении депутаты различных политических партий постоянно взаимодействовали, а не противостояли друг другу. Подобный подход будет способствовать реализации всех законодательно закрепленных функций парламента. В этом нам видится один из главных инструментов, который позволит преодолеть парадокс XX века, когда теория разделения властей на практике подчас приобретала центробежный характер. Obviously, in modern conditions in most states, legislative measures are provided for separating the bodies of one government from another, in order to limit it to its own competence and, ultimately, to prevent violations of the powers of each body separately. However it should be borne in mind that the correlation between the powers of the bodies of all branches of state power is determined in the constitution in strict accordance with the prevailing understanding in the given state of the essence of democracy and the rule of the people. In the literature, it is also customary to refer to American parliamentarianism, which has been developing in a two-party system for two centuries. In the United States of America, this arrangement encourages Democrats and Republicans to alternate with a certain degree of frequency. In this regard, the picture of the political struggle between the dominant party in Congress and the head of state representing the opposite force contains features that reflect in an extremely unfavorable light the peculiarities of American political life. Suffice it to recall the fierce battles between US President Donald Trump (Republican) and the Democratic-dominated House of Representatives. In such a fierce struggle, the matter came to the impeachment procedure, the peak of such a confrontation was that for more than a month the Americans could not get the official results of the election of the new head of state. The authors of the article conclude that one should strive to ensure that in a representative institution the deputies of various political parties constantly interact, and not oppose each other. This approach will contribute to the implementation of all legislatively enshrined functions of the parliament. Thus, we see one of the main tools that will allow us to overcome the paradox of the 20th century, when the theory of separation of powers in practice sometimes acquired a centrifugal character.
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Westphal, Kenneth. "Hegel’s justification of the human right to non-domination." Filozofija i drustvo 28, no. 3 (2017): 579–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1703579w.
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?Hegel? and ?human rights? are rarely conjoined, and the designation ?human rights? appears rarely in his works. Indeed, Hegel has been criticised for omitting civil and political rights all together. My surmise is that readers have looked for a modern Decalogue, and have neglected how Hegel justifies his views, and hence just what views he does justify. Philip Pettit (1997) has refocused attention on republican liberty. Hegel and I agree with Pettit that republican liberty is a supremely important value, but appealing to its value, or justifying it by appeal to reflective equilibrium, are insufficient both in theory and in practice. By reconstructing Kant?s Critical methodology and explicating the social character of rational justification in non-formal domains, Hegel shows that the republican right to non-domination is constitutive of the equally republican right to justification (Forst 2007) - both of which are necessary requirements for sufficient rational justification in all non-formal domains, including both claims to rights or imputations of duties or responsibilities. That is the direct moral, political and juridical implication of Hegel?s analysis of mutual recognition, and its fundamental, constitutive role in rational justification. Specific corollaries to the fundamental republican right to non-domination must be determined by considering what forms of illicit domination are possible or probable within any specific society, in view of its social, political and economic structures and functioning.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modern republican theory"
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Haldar, Ipsita. "Gandhi and modern republican theory of freedom or non-domination: a study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1579.
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Katz, Sam. "Eduard Shevardnadze: The Modern Day Machiavel." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/587.
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My thesis will examine the life and political career of Georgian statesman Eduard Shevardnadze. I have chosen to examine Shevardnadze through a Machiavellian lens; I will examine Shevardnadze’s politics while considering Machiavelli’s central ideologies. I have attempted to provide a context by which to understand Shevardnadze’s life and how it has allowed him to become a modern day Machiavellian figure.
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McDonald, Kristian P. "An investigation into the approach of modern Russian liberal thinkers towards nationalism." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2365/.
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The aim of this study is to show how liberal thinkers have responded to the problems liberalism as an ideology faces in Russia, and to the challenges which Russia is encountering as a country in transition. I will argue that liberals are constantly aware both of their marginalisation (which is seen as being cultural, historical and political) when they react to other ideologies and to those who hold political power, and also of the difficulty of shaping Russia's future along liberal lines. The liberal response to nationalism, therefore, provides a useful model in showing how liberals have reacted to ideologies which are typically regarded as being outside the liberal movement in Russia and also how they have sought to respond to many of the central questions relating to transition. I will show in this study that the response of liberals towards nationalism demonstrates a huge increase in the diversity of the liberal movement from the mid 1990's onwards, as the internal divides amongst liberals have become apparent under the impact of transition. Secondly, liberals have been torn between the possible strategic benefits of combining liberalism with non-liberal elements, weighed against the ideological problems these combinations cause. These dilemmas have left Russian liberalism as an essentially stagnant ideology which remains incapable of forming a united and coherent response both to its own marginalisation and to the challenges faced by Russia.
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Jimenez, Romero Sterling Modesto. "Contribution à la compréhension de l'impact des facteurs exogènes de risque sur les PME des pays en développement : le cas de la République Dominicaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40024/document.
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La plupart des études en gestion sur la performance des entreprises sont centréessur l'explication de la relation entre les facteurs internes ou des caractéristiquesintrinsèques de l'entreprise (niveau d'endettement, diversification des produits, lastratégie concurrentielle, etc.) et son performance. Cette thèse vise à déterminerquels sont les facteurs de risque exogènes qui ont un impact sur la performance desentreprises en République Dominicaine? Ces facteurs, affectent-ils différemment lesmicro, petites et moyennes entreprises en fonction de leur secteur d'activité. Quelest le risque pour chacun des plus représentatifs sous-secteurs des entreprisesDominicaines? Nous avons constaté que les facteurs de risque les plusstatistiquement significatifs sont les dépenses de consommation des ménages, letaux d'intérêt des banques commerciales, l'investissement total, le taux de changede DOP à USD et le déficit de la balance commerciale. La composition etl'importance des facteurs varient considérablement en fonction de la taille desentreprises et le sous-secteur auquel ils appartiennent. Les grandes entreprises sonten moyenne moins risqué que des moyennes, petites et micro entreprises, n’importequel que soit le sous-secteur auquel ils appartiennentMany of the management studies on the performance of the company are focusedon explaining the relationship between the internal factors or intrinsic characteristicsof the firm (debt level, diversification of products, competitive strategy, etc.) and itsperformance. This thesis seeks to determine, what are the exogenous risk factorsthat impact the performance of all companies in the Dominican Republic? Thesefactors differentially affect the micro, small and medium enterprises according to theirbusiness sector. What is the risk on each of the most representative sub-sectors ofthe Dominican companies? We found that the most statistically significant riskfactors are the household consumption expenditure, the interest rate of commercialbanks, the total investment, the DOP to USD exchange rate and the deficit on thetrade balance. The composition and importance of the factors significantly variesdepending on the size of the company and the sub-sector to which it belongs. Also,large firms are on average less risky than medium, small and micro regardless of thesub-sector they belong
Muchos de los estudios de gestión sobre el performance de la empresa se enfocanen explicar la relación que existe entre los factores o características intrínsecas de laempresa (nivel de endeudamiento, diversificación de productos, estrategiacompetitiva, etc.) y el performance de la misma. Esta tesis busca determinar¿cuáles son los factores exógenos de riesgo que impactan el performance de lasempresas de la República Dominicana? Si estos factores afectan de forma diferentea la micro, pequeña y mediana empresa según su actividad empresarial. ¿Cuál es elriesgo que tiene cada uno de los sub-sectores más representativos de las empresasdominicanas? Encontramos que los factores de riesgo estadísticamente mássignificativos son el consumo de los hogares, la tasa de interés de los bancoscomerciales, la inversión total, la tasa de cambio de DOP a USD y el déficit en labalanza comercial. La importancia y composición de los factores varíasignificativamente según el tamaño de la empresa y el sub-sector al que pertenece.También, en promedio, las empresas grandes tienen menos riesgos que lasmedianas, pequeñas y micro sin importar al sub-sector que pertenezcan
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Koreň, Pavel. "Downsova teorie racionální volby a její aplikovatelnost na vysvětlení volební účasti v České republice." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-309707.
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This thesis deals with the applicability of Anthony Downs rational choice theory to the Czech environment, respectively the utility of its model to explain voter turnout and identification of rationality among Czech voters. First part provides theoretical foundation of work, explanation of basic concepts from which the work draws and alternative theories to the research problem. It also presents current state of society in terms of policy perceptions, and participation in elections. The core of the work is to present Downs' rational choice theory, different views on it and its possible extension in terms of criticism. The basic variables introduced are here, in particular how are percieved by various authors, what is their content and what affects them. In the analytical part, the variables are examined within the reserach aims in terms of frequency in the population and individual segments of the electorate. The primary parameters of the rational choice theory model are then tested in terms of interdependence, and in terms of their significance in the model and their influence on voter turnout. The conclusion summarizes the research results, and demonstrates evaluation of the applicability of the model to the Czech voters, the relevance of individual variables representing the rational choice...
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Burdukovskii, Nikita. "Integrace ukrajinských migrantů v ČR." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-384570.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the integration of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic. In connection with the increasing emigration potential of the Republic of Ukraine due to the ongoing civil war, the thesis will be an analysis of the Czech Republic's current integration policy towards foreigners from third countries with an emphasis on migrants from Ukraine. Significant changes in integration policies started after the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU, contextual documents and other public policy measures aimed at systematizing the integration of migrants from third countries. Thus, the aim will be to analyze publicly-relevant documents, which outline the essence and determinants of the Czech Republic's integration policy towards migrants from third countries. The Czech Republic responds sensitively to migratory trends, but more emphasis put on current immigration from Ukraine. Therefore, another goal will be to unveil the integration policy exclusively towards the Ukrainians in the Czech Republic. Finally, the ultimate goal is to understand on the basis of the interviews, what barriers the Ukrainians have in the Czech Republic for integrating into the host society. The life course theory helps to identify what trajectories they choose to integrate in their individual dimensions.
Books on the topic "Modern republican theory"
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Spaans, Ronny. Dangerous Drugs. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982543.
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In the 17th century, the Dutch Republic was the centre of the world trade in exotic drugs and spices. They were sought after both as medicines, and as luxury objects for the bourgeois class, giving rise to a medical and moral anxiety in the Republic. This ambivalent view on exotic drugs is the theme of the poetry of Joannes Six van Chandelier (1620-1695). Six, who himself ran the drug shop ‘The Gilded Unicorn’ in Amsterdam, addresses a number of exotic medicines in his poems, such as musk, incense, the miracle drug theriac, Egyptian mumia, and even the blood of Charles I of England. In Dangerous Drugs, these texts are studied for the first time. The study shows how Six, through a process of self-presentation as a sober and restrained merchant, but also as a penitent sinner, thirsting for God’s grace, links early modern drug abuse to different desires, such as lust, avarice, pride and curiosity. The book shows also how an early modern debate on exotic drugs contributed to an important shift in early modern natural science, from a drug lore based on mythical and fabulous concepts, to a botany based on observation and systematic examination.
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Zell, Michael. Rembrandt, Vermeer, and the Gift in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726429.
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Rembrandt, Vermeer, and the Gift in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art offers a new perspective on the art of the Dutch Golden Age by exploring the interaction between the gift's symbolic economy of reciprocity and obligation and the artistic culture of early modern Holland. Gifts of art were pervasive in seventeenth-century Europe, and many Dutch artists, like their counterparts elsewhere, embraced gift giving to cultivate relations with patrons, art lovers, and other members of their social networks. Rembrandt also created distinctive works to function within a context of gift exchange, and both Rembrandt and Vermeer engaged the ethics of the gift to identify their creative labor as motivated by what contemporaries called a "love of art," not materialistic gain. In the merchant republic’s vibrant market for art, networks of gift relations and the anti-economic rhetoric of the gift mingled with the growing dimension of commerce, revealing a unique chapter in the interconnected history of gift giving and art making.
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Agamov-Tupit͡syn, Viktor. Bespoletnoe vozdukhoplavanie: Statʹi, ret︠s︡enzii i razgovory s khudozhnikami. Moskva: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2018.
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Nelson, Eric. Republican Visions. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0010.
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This article examines republican conception of political theory in Europe during the early modern period. It explains that there were two distinct kinds of republican political theory. One was Roman in origin and the other was Greek which valued the natural ordering of the state made possible by the regulation of wealth. The article discusses republicanism in Italy and suggests that the battle between Rome and Greece defined the development of republican political theory throughout the early-modern period.
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The Stewardship Theory of the Presidency: Theodore Roosevelt's Political Theory of Republican Progressive Statemanship and the Foundation of the Modern Presidency. Storming Media, 1997.
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Driediger-Murphy, Lindsay G. Roman Republican Augury. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834434.001.0001.
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This book proposes a new way of understanding augury, a form of Roman state divination designed to consult the god Jupiter. Previous scholarly studies of augury have tended to focus either upon its legal-constitutional aspects or upon its role in maintaining and perpetuating Roman social and political structures. This book contributes to the study of Roman religion, theology, politics, and cultural history by focusing upon what augury can tell us about how Romans understood their relationship with their gods. The current scholarly consensus holds that augury, like other forms of Roman public divination, told Romans what they wanted to hear. Modern scholars speak of augury as a way of gaining control over the gods, of priests and magistrates as ‘creating’ the divine will regardless of the empirical results of augural rituals, and of Jupiter as being ‘bound’ to actualize whatever signs human beings chose to report. This book challenges this consensus, arguing that augury in both theory and practice left space for perceived expressions of divine will which contradicted human wishes. When human and divine will clashed, it was the will of Jupiter, not that of the man consulting him, which was supposed to prevail. In theory as in practice, it was the Romans, not their supreme god, who were ‘bound’ by the auguries and auspices.
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Whatmore, Richard, and John Greville Agard Pocock. Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton University Press, 2016.
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Pocock, John Greville Agard, and John Greville Agard Greville Agard Pocock. Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton University Press, 2009.
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The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton University Press, 2003.
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Dunbar, Peter, and Mike Haridopolos. The Modern Republican Party in Florida. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066127.001.0001.
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The Modern Republican Party in Florida chronicles the emergence of the modern Republican Party in Florida. It provides the historic political foundation for the modern political era in Florida; it identifies the key elements of Republican Party organizations and structures that became the foundation for the current Republican network; and it contrasts the current political environment to the one-party era of the Democratic Pork Chop Gang. The narrative of the book describes the successes in the state-wide campaigns for governor and for positions on the Florida Cabinet. It provides an overview of the role of both Florida Republicans in national, presidential politics and Floridians serving in the United States House and Senate. It describes the decennial redistricting struggles and other obstacles that Republicans overcame as they became the majority in both Houses of the state Legislature, and it discusses the opportunities for women and minorities that accompanied this Republican emergence. Within the narrative are descriptions of the changes in state government made by Republicans or with their bipartisan cooperation. The book also provides an overview of the Republican influence on the state policies for public education and school choice; criminal justice and prison reform; taxation and business incentives; and consumer protection and environment preservation, including the protection of the Florida Everglades. The book identifies the officeholders, volunteers, and party officials who contributed to, and became part of, the Republican network. It also discusses the ever-changing elements of the Florida political arena, which includes voters with no party affiliation, soft money committees, and independent campaign consultants.
Book chapters on the topic "Modern republican theory"
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Brugger, Bill. "Early Modern Republicanism." In Republican Theory in Political Thought, 22–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333982303_2.
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Foote, Geoffrey. "Socialist Humanism and Republican Theory." In The Republican Transformation of Modern British Politics, 15–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509962_2.
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Lessard, Bruno. "Chinese Photography Criticism and Theory in Republican China." In Historical Narratives of Global Modern Art, 108–16. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247678-12.
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Sarcevic, Danijela. "The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Modern Business in the Republic of Serbia." In Accounting, Finance, Sustainability, Governance & Fraud: Theory and Application, 183–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3212-7_11.
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Lovett, Frank. "Republican Political Economy." In The Oxford Handbook of Republicanism. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197754115.013.26.
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Abstract In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, as the industrial revolution and rise of the working classes upended well-worn debates about sovereignty, the separation of powers, representative government, and so forth, political economy was becoming a central area of concern amongst the early modern or ‘classical’ republicans. Unfortunately, it was precisely around this time that the republican tradition fell into decline. As a result, classical republicans failed to produce a comprehensive account of political economy. It has largely fallen to contemporary republicans, reviving the tradition after a century and a half of relative neglect, to develop a republican theory of political economy. This chapter suggests what a republican political economy at its best and most persuasive might look like, illustrating how it represents a natural development from various suggestive hints left by classical republicans. Thus, contemporary republican political economy offers something similar to what the classical republicans might themselves have produced.
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"Modern republican democratic contestation: a model of deliberative democracy." In Republicanism in Theory and Practice, 143–57. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203003343-20.
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Driediger-Murphy, Lindsay G. "Convenience or Conversation?" In Roman Republican Augury, 127–60. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834434.003.0002.
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This chapter addresses what has long been seen as the best evidence for the modern view that augural theory permitted Romans to fabricate signs that aligned with their own desires, the technique of ‘watching the sky’ (servare de caelo). Modern reconstructions of this technique suppose that practitioners always received the sign they wanted, because if no real sign was forthcoming, one could simply be created by a report (obnuntiatio). On this view, Romans considered such fabrication acceptable, and publicly chose to treat as true signs which they privately knew had been faked. The chapter provides an alternative explanation for the prohibitive effect of sky-watching on assemblies, reinterpreting the ancient evidence (mostly from Cicero) and arguing that sky-watching can be understood as genuine open-ended consultation of Jupiter.
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öschl, Thomas Fr. "Republican Virtues and the Free State: Conceptual Frame and Meaning in Early Modern Europe and North America." In Iconography, Propaganda, and Legitimation, 255–75. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198205500.003.0013.
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Abstract Republican theory has always underlined that the key to understanding a free state is the importance of the Law. Citizens in a republic depend upon the law which they make for themselves-they do not depend upon the arbitrary will of one prince. This conviction might be called the ‘founding article’ of republican constitutions as well as of a genuine republican self-perception. The conception of a respublica libera requires citizens with equal legal rights. It was thought that a republic could only function properly if the basic equality of the citizens was guaranteed and respected. Political participation on equal terms was the precondition for all citizens consenting to laws made by themselves and which they would obey. In his famous dedication to the Republic of Geneva in his Discours surl’in égalit é (1755) Rousseau emphasized that it was precisely this that was the true citizen’s pride.’
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Driediger-Murphy, Lindsay G. "Do As I Say, Not As I Do?" In Roman Republican Augury, 51–126. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834434.003.0001.
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This chapter challenges the modern belief that augural theory permitted practitioners to create or nullify signs simply by making announcements about them, regardless of the empirical results of observation. It analyses the passages in ancient texts which have typically been seen as proof for this view, ranging from the Middle/Late Republic to Late Antiquity. Specific kinds of auspication such as the tripudium ritual and the auspication of investiture are discussed. The most important conclusions are (1) we have not paid sufficient attention to the context and genre of these statements, which do not all point in the same direction; (2) in the Republican period empirical observation remained a fundamental part of augury. This suggests that augural practitioners and their contemporaries did not believe Jupiter to be bound by their own announcements but instead saw themselves as vulnerable to the messages the god chose to send.
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"A trickling fountain or a devastating torrent: Andrew Arato’s theory of the modern republican executive." In Critical Theory and Democracy, 197–214. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203083215-16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Modern republican theory"
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Panov, Petr. "INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ETHNICITY IN THE CAPITAL CITIES OF THE «NATIONAL REPUBLICS» OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY. Digital Transformation State and Municipal Administration. Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2021.24.
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The ethnic nature of the constitution of the national republics of the Russian Federation suggests that, to some extent, they are characterized by the institutionalization of ethnicity, which manifests itself at the normative level, in particular, in the structure of government bodies, their representation in public space, in the distribution of political and administrative positions based on ethnicity (power-sharing). Institutionalization of ethnicity occurs not only at the republican level, but also in the authorities of the capital cities of the ethnic republics. In relation to the structure of government bodies and their representation, it is expressed here to a lesser extent, however, the position of the mayor of the capital city plays a significant role in the informal institutionalization of the distribution of political and administrative positions along ethnic lines.
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Gabdrakhmanov, N. K., D. V. Ulesov, L. N. Safiullin, D. F. Islamutdinova, and E. M. Maratkanova. "Labor Resources of Republic of Tatarstan and Their Spatial Differences." In Proceedings of the International conference "Economy in the modern world" (ICEMW 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemw-18.2018.63.
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Babin, Anatolie, and Zorina Constantin Şişcan. "Discovery of the entrepreneurial potential of settlements, districts in the cross-border territory of the republic of Moldova-Ukraine on the basis of smart specialization approaches and priorities for sustainable territorial development." In MODERN TRENDS IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE. Odessa National Maritime University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/978-966-7716-90-5-57-58.
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In order for regions today to be globally competitive, their smart specialization strategies cannot be created by an approach limited to one particular region only. The grouping of objectives emphasizes the need to create greater external dynamism by coordinating and maximizing synergies with policy initiatives, instruments and infrastructures in other regions. In this regard, trans-regional cooperation is a central aspect and a challenge of «Smart specialization», especially for neighboring regions with a cross-border dimension. EU best practice shows that cross-border Smart Specialisation Strategies (RIS3T) are singular in the practice of the cross-border RIS approach in the EU. The examples of innovative crossborder cooperation between Portugal and Spain, Germany and France, show that the main objective of this approach is to generate economic knowledge, quality employment through localised smart infrastructure and social well-being by jointly promoting strengths and common challenges. Thus, the Cross-Border − RIS3 aims to enhance the Euroregion's participation in European tenders for inter-territorial cooperation and provides a framework for launching coordinated actions and projects capable of competing with great success in attracting funding within Horizon Europe. The development of such a strategy should be agreed and coordinated on both sides of the border − innovation organisations, clusters, universities and representatives of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre Smart Specialisation team.
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Orhan Nalbantoglu, Ezgi. "Transition in Spaces of Power: An analysis on public buildings in Ankara, Turkey." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5067.
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Ankara, the capital of Turkey, experienced a fundamental spatial structuring process after the proclamation of the Republic. The vision of modernity and protective economic structure of the Early Republican era determined the spatial configuration of the city and produced public buildings as the icons of the young regime. City planning and architecture had been used as the instruments of the new regime in making itself visible, concrete, and symbolized. The buildings and urban plans transmitting the foundation ideals of Republic together with modernity have contributed to the creation of national sovereignty and a modern society. After the span of eighty years, the new politic-economic climate of Turkey redesigned the urban regime of Ankara and its symbols. One of the most concrete transformations is observed in the public offices which convey the political and economic intents of each period through their spatial and architectural organizations, and symbolic meanings. This study examines the change in the urban symbols with an emphasis on public offices; their spatial organization, their archistar buildings, and their messages conveyed to public with respect to the change in political and economic systems. This article concludes that public offices and their relations with urban space and public are considered as the icons in representing the dominant political power in both the early republican period and post-2000s; the former period benefited them as the visual representations of national sovereignty while the latter used them as the landmarks of the authoritarian and neoliberal political power over the nation.
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Trofimov, S. "REGULATORY AND INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR DESIGN AND OPERATION OF ASPIRATION SYSTEMS IN WOODWORKING." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_361-367.
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The report reflects the results of the analysis of the state of technical regulation of the design and operation of aspiration systems in woodworking, the presence of problems in ensuring their functional, energy efficiency and safety, the practice of training technical personnel and engineering personnel. The information on the direction of research of the properties of crushed wood, the operation of equipment, the development of technical regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, the implementation of the results in the educational process. National, foreign regulatory and technical documents and sources of information, materials of conferences held abroad were used.
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Silaeva, Tatyana B., Ekaterina G. Popkova, and Julia P. Uchevatkina. "CALCIPHILOUS FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA AND ITS PROTECTION." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-70-71.
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The article considers the species composition, the ratio of life forms and ecological groups in relation to the hydration of the calcifilic flora of the Republic of Mordovia. Most of the 29 obligate calcefites are located near the borders of their ranges, many are included in the regional Red book, but they are not protected by regional protection.
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Shelegina, Olga N. "MODERN TREND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSEUMS AND MUSEOLOGY: Materials of the IV All-Russian (with International Participation) Scientific Conference." In MODERN TREND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSEUMS AND MUSEOLOGY, edited by Galina M. Zaporozhchenko. Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1115-7.
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The collection of materials of the IV all-Russian scientific and practical conference «Modern trends in museums and museology» presents reports of employees of Russian research institutes, leading museums of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, teachers of higher educational institutions, representatives of cultural institutions. They reflect a wide range of topical issues related to the development of the theory and practice of Museum business in modern conditions at the international, national and regional levels. Important attention is paid to socio-cultural practices for the development of historical and cultural heritage, digitalization of the Museum sphere and its adaptation to the conditions of the pandemic. The publication will be interesting for specialists in the field of history of science and culture, heritage management, Museum studies and cultural studies, teachers of universities, employees of museums and libraries, local historians.
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Lakhan, Shaheen. "The Emergence of Modern Biotechnology in China." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3038.
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Science and technology of Republican China (1912-1949) often replicated the West in all hierarchies. However, in 1949 when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) declared the nation the People's Republic of China, it had assumed Soviet pseudo-science, namely neo-Lamarckian and anti-Mendelian Lysenkoism, which led to intense propaganda campaigns that victimized intellectuals and natural scientists. Not until the 1956 Double Hundred Campaign had China engaging in meaningful exploration into modern genetics with advancements of Morgan. The CCP encouraged discussions on the impact of Lysenkoism which cultivated guidelines to move science forward. However, Mao ended the campaign by asserting the Anti-Rightist Movement (1957) that reinstated the persecution of intellectuals, for he believed they did not contribute to his socialist ethos of the working people. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1959), an idealist and unrealistic attempt to rapidly industrialize the nation, and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), a grand attempt to rid China of the "technological elite," extended China's lost years to a staggering two decades. Post-Mao China rapidly revived its science and technology frontier with specialized sciences: agricultural biotechnology, major genomic ventures, modernizing Traditional Chinese Medicine, and stem-cell research. Major revisions to the country’s patent laws increased international interest in China’s resources. However, bioethical and technical standards still need to be implemented and locally and nationally monitored if China’s scientific advances are to be globally accepted and commercialized.
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Horáková, Jarmila. "Reception of literature from the Republic of Moldova in the Czech Republic." In Conferință științifică internațională "FILOLOGIA MODERNĂ: REALIZĂRI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN CONTEXT EUROPEAN". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2023.17.01.
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The first translations of Romanian literature appeared in the Czech language at the end of the 19th century, but authors from the territory of Bessarabia began to be translated only from the 70s – the work of the writer Ion Druță, translated through the Russian language. At the end of the 80s, translations from authors such as Vladimir Beșleagă and Vasile Vasilache appeared. After a break of more than ten years, literature from the Republic of Moldova is being translated again, especially thanks to the efforts of translator Jiří Našinec. Moreover, some writers such as Aureliu Busuioc or Iulian Ciocan are successful among Czech readers. The text of the communication presents their reception and reception of other writers from Bessarabia in the Czech Republic.
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Crismaru, Mariana. "Modele de inegalitate educațională în rândul tinerilor din Republica Moldova." In Economic growth in the conditions of globalization: International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cdr.2022.16.17.
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The paper investigates the patterns of multiple advantages and disadvantages of parents’ educational attainment as well as place of residence and their impact on children`s education level by using data from Generations and Gender Survey (2020). There were employed correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results show that parents’ educational attainment is a much stronger predictor than the age or gender of an individual’s education level. Young people (25-35 years) whose parents have general secondary education (gymnasium) or less are about twice as likely to complete similarly secondary education as those who have at least one parent who has higher education. Place of residence were also shown to have significant influences young people’s level of education. Rural area of residence meant less years in education and urban area signified more years of in education, both for male and female. It is concluded that parents’ educational level (less educated) and place of living (rural) are factors that determine the unequal opportunities among young people and they face difficulties to get rid of the disadvantages of family and environment background. Persistence of these issues over the years in our country denote that social policy do not reach their goal to break cycles of intergenerational disadvantage and thus to prevent the development of a self-replicating underclass. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilisation policies”.
Reports on the topic "Modern republican theory"
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De Tolentino, Marianne, and Sara Hermann. Inside and Out: Recent Trends in the Arts of the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006413.
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For many years the artistic movement in the Dominican Republic was a -best-kept secret. Their growing international contributions to contemporary visual arts have been changing that picture, but may also be characterized by even greater drive, selectivity, and regularity. We could say that of all the islands of the Caribbean, the Dominican Republic is, along with Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Haiti, the country most prolific in regard to modern and contemporary artists.
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Hristodulo, Olga Igorevna, and Miliausha Ilgamovna Akhmetzianova. Development of a geo-information system for monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities using parametric, structural approaches (case of Republic of Bashkortostan). DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2021.003.
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To date, one of the most important tasks of the State in ensuring the sustainable socio-economic and demographic development of the country is the regulation of migration processes. In the Republic of Bashkortostan in recent years there has been an increase in the number of people participating in both intraregional and extra-regional migration, which indicates the need to manage migration flows for the effective development of territories of this entity. In this connection, this article is dedicated to the development of GIS monitoring of the attractiveness of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, aimed at improving the effectiveness of decision-making in formulating migration policies in the region, based on a systematic combination of parametric and structural approaches. In the course of the study the analysis of existing approaches applied in this subject area, the methodology for determining the attractiveness coefficient of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan was developed, A functional and information model for monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities has been developed, and a logical structural model of GIS monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan has been built.
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Gerilla-Teknomo, Gloria P., and Jiawen Yang. Creating a Successful New City Development Within a City Cluster: Global Knowledge and Insights for Xiong’an in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220111-2.
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The presence of anchor institutions and transport infrastructure, strong national and local government policies, and business models with private sector participation can jump-start and sustain new city development. This paper has studied 16 major new city developments in the world to determine the factors that contributed to their success or failure. These factors were analyzed to synthesize useful knowledge and draw insights that the Xiong’an New Area in the People’s Republic of China and other new city developments in the world can learn from to better achieve their growth objectives.
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Kupfer, Monica E. Perceptive Strokes: Women Artists of Panama. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006215.
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The IDB Cultural Center is proud to host this exhibit honoring the Republic of Panama, host country of the IDB Annual Meeting, which will take place from March 14¿20, 2013. The exhibition highlights the history of modern and contemporary art by Panamanian women and will include paintings, photographs, sculptures, and video art from the 1920s to the present. The 22 artworks, selected by Panamanian curator Dr. Monica E. Kupfer, reveal the ways in which a varied group of female artists have experienced and represented significant geopolitical events in the nation¿s history. Their interpretations also show the position of women in Panamanian society, and their views of themselves through their own and others¿ eyes. Among the artists are: Susana Arias, Beatrix (Trixie) Briceño, Fabiola Buritica, Coqui Calderón, María Raquel Cochez, Donna Conlon, Isabel De Obaldía, Sandra Eleta, Ana Elena Garuz, Teresa Icaza, Iraida Icaza, Amelia Lyons de Alfaro, Lezlie Milson, Rachelle Mozman, Roser Muntañola de Oduber, Amalia Rossi de Jeanine, Olga Sánchez, Olga Sinclair, Victoria Suescum, Amalia Tapia, Alicia Viteri, and Emily Zhukov.
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Salazar, Lina, Ana Claudia Palacios, Michael Selvaraj, and Frank Montenegro. Using Satellite Images to Measure Crop Productivity: Long-Term Impact Assessment of a Randomized Technology Adoption Program in the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003604.
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This study combines three rounds of surveys with remote sensing to measure long-term impacts of a randomized irrigation program in the Dominican Republic. Specifically, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite images are used to measure the causal effects of the program on agricultural productivity, measured through vegetation indices (NDVI and OSAVI). To this end, 377 plots were analyzed (129 treated and 248 controls) for the period from 2011 to 2019. Following a Differencein-Differences (DD) and Event study methodology, the results confirmed that program beneficiaries have higher vegetation indices, and therefore experienced a higher productivity throughout the post-treatment period. Also, there is some evidence of spillover effects to neighboring farmers. Furthermore, the Event Study model shows that productivity impacts are obtained in the third year after the adoption takes place. These findings suggest that adoption of irrigation technologies can be a long and complex process that requires time to generate productivity impacts. In a more general sense, this study reveals the great potential that exists in combining field data with remote sensing information to assess long-term impacts of agricultural programs on agricultural productivity.
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Libby, Margarita H. Business Climate for Competitiveness in the Americas: Simplification of Procedures to Promote Competitiveness. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006894.
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International organizations most often recommend a virtual one stop shop such as the Single Window for Foreign Trade (Spanish acronym: VUCE). This model is undoubtedly the most successful scheme available. This paper presents the general framework for trade facilitation and shows how VUCEs have triggered a new perspective of cohesiveness as countries seek to facilitate trade and influence competitiveness indexes. In addition, it assesses the current situation in countries of the Americas that are starting to or have already taken the first steps in developing a VUCE, such as Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Chile, and discusses the conditions required to implement a VUCE with the understanding that there is more than one possible model of implementation and every government must choose one that is suitable to its own institutional structure and technological progress. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011.
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Deza, María Cecilia, Tatiana Andrea Gélvez Rubio, Diana Gutiérrez Preciado, H. Xavier Jara, and David Arturo Rodríguez Guerrero. Assessing the Effect of Fiscal Policies on the Gender Income Gap in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012901.
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Persistent gender economic differences have led to an extensive amount of literature devoted to the gender wage gap. However, wages are only one component of income for women and men, and self-employment income, non-labour income, taxes, pensions, and benefits are mostly omitted from the analysis. In this paper we contribute to the small but growing literature of gendered fiscal incidence by studying the effect of taxes, social insurance contributions and benefits on the gender gaps in disposable income for five Central American countries: El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and Dominican Republic. Our analysis makes use of tax-benefit microsimulation models based on representative household surveys for each country. We compare results for 2019 and for a year afterwards for each country to determine if there are differences due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Three sets of findings are worth highlighting. Firstly, the tax-benefit systems of Panama and Costa Rica have the largest redistributive effect measured by the size of taxes and benefits at the upper and lower part of the disposable income distribution respectively. Second, Costa Rica is the country that close the gender income gap the most, while in the other countries the tax benefit system does not have an important effect in this regard. Thirdly decomposition of the raw disposable income gender gap indicates that a) labour income is the biggest contributor to the gap in all countries and periods analyzed with a very minor role for tax-benefit instruments. b) almost half of the gap is explained by differences in attributes such as education, age, or geographical location, so a significant gap remains unexplained c) differences in employment rates between genders are less important than differences in remunerations.
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Schreiner, Clara. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006533.
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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in association with the Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. The case study includes the experience of the city of Rio de Janeiro in smart city initiatives, focusing mainly on Rio Operations Center Project-COR. The methodology was based on field research, site visits, publications, and interviews held with representatives of local government of the City of Rio de Janeiro. The report addresses the city backdrop, the main urban challenges, the history of digital initiatives, and their evolution over time. For the Rio Operations Center, the general model of participation, organizational aspects, the keys functions, the monitored events, the mechanisms for access, dissemination of information, and the decision-making process are described, as well as the typologies of existing systems and their integration with COR. The study concludes that it is a successful model with a high degree of maturity, and that sharing the experience of Rio de Janeiro with other cities is very important. However, the model needs to continue evolving and rely on strong institutional support so that Rio de Janeiro's population can increasingly enjoy the benefits of technological innovations applied to the city's daily challenges.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Hebbar, Anish, Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs, Serdar Yildiz, and Nadhir Kahlouche. Safety of domestic ferries: a scoping study of seven high-risk countries. World Maritime University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21677/rep0123.
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Ferry accidents are fairly common globally, causing countless deaths and injuries. Whereas ferry transportation is an integral part of the domestic transport infrastructure in many countries, particularly archipelagic countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines, river deltaic countries like Bangladesh, countries with extensive riverine systems such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria and Senegal, or even a combination of great lakes, rivers and archipelago such as Tanzania, these countries are experiencing a high number of ferry accidents and fatalities over the past two decades and, therefore, considered high-risk countries in the ferry transport sector. International community continuously seeks to enhance safety in the domestic ferry industry. Thus, a scoping study has been conducted on the safety of domestic ferries in these seven high-risk countries. The study utilizes a structured methodology to identify focus areas in the seven countries for enhancing safety in the domestic ferry sector. The analysis involves past domestic ferry accidents, maritime profile, industry demographics and stakeholder matrix, regulatory and governance climate, political landscape, and amenability to change and external intervention. Eventually, the study proposes a conceptual framework with fifteen distinct criteria, identified against five attributes as an aid to the decision-making in a country for considering a safety intervention with a high likelihood of success and a significant positive impact on safety in the domestic ferry sector. Furthermore, current hazards threatening the safety of domestic ferries and their role in the formation of accidents; key stakeholders of domestic ferry sector and their state of play; national regulations related to the safety of domestic ferries and alignment with the IMO model regulations; national political landscape; state’s willingness to facilitate and receive a safety intervention; and public attitude towards safety are presented in the respective countries using globally recognized indices, questionnaire surveys and personal interviews.