Relevant bibliographies by topics / Modern paint

Academic literature on the topic 'Modern paint'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Modern paint"

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OLIJNYK, Halina. "TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BECKERS BRAND PAINT PRODUCTS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 313, no. 5 (October 27, 2022): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-313-5-9-12.

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The work presents the results of research related to the use of paint and varnish products of the “BESKERS” brand in a modern interior. The technological characteristics of the products were studied. Specific features of product application are determined. Today, paint and varnish products of the “BECKERS” brand are a leading trade and retail network that offers high-quality imported varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials. Turning to the “BECKERS” brand, you can get high-quality products, which today are presented in a fairly wide range. These are varnishes, paints, antiseptics, primers, putties for finishing all types of internal and external surfaces. The full range of products includes varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials of more than four thousand items. The offered varnishes and paints satisfy the most demanding taste. You can not only choose suitable varnishes or paints, but also get technical assistance on how to correctly apply and combine varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials. The “BECKERS” trademark has a comprehensive approach to the formation of an assortment policy. Therefore, the trade network offers not only varnishes and paints, but also related materials, such as painting tool ANZA (Anza, Sweden), abrasive materials KA.ER (KA.EF, Germany), personal protective equipment MSA-Auer (МСА-Auer, USA). With the help of “BECKERS” paint and varnish products, you can professionally paint a wooden house and give it an aesthetic appeal and protect it from various external adverse environmental factors. The “BECKERS” brand offers the most modern varnishes, paints and other paint and varnish materials and technologies in the most optimal ratio of price and quality and maximally meet modern demands and key trends in woodworking. The use of “Beckers” brand products in a modern interior requires compliance with a special material application technology, use of special equipment, etc. Those who want to keep up with the times should pay attention to the most modern European materials for furnishing interiors. An example of such an application is the products of the “Beckers” trademark. It does not contain toxic impurities and can be used for processing almost any premises. VAGTLAZUR decorative paint creates a unique visual sensation of velvet fabric. The paint has pastel-sand halftones and is produced in a wide variety of colors and shades. VAGTLAZUR provides impeccable reliability, high impact and scratch resistance, adds uniqueness, refinement and elegance to the interior.
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Pozdnyakov, Sergey Georgievich, Sergey Valentinovich Ershov, and Alexey Gennadievich Voloboy. "Hybrid approach to design of the composition of automotive paint to match the desired color based on neural networks and lighting simulation." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 87 (2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-87.

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Modern automotive paints have a complex structure, and modeling their optical properties is a challenge. The inverse problem - the design of the paint composition according to its appearance - is most in demand in practical application. The shortcomings of popular mathematical methods, including previously used by the authors, are analyzed in the paper. A hybrid approach based on deep learning of a neural network and modeling of light propagation in a multilayer paint is proposed. The neural network algorithm solves the problem well for the pigments and paints on which it is trained, but is unstable for new pigments. In this case paint simulation helps to find an acceptable result. The mathematical model here provides only the functional form of the equations in variations, and the values of all functions are obtained by a few measurements which form a pigment library for future use.
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VODZINSKA, OKSANA, LARYSA BILOTSKA, NADIIA VORONA, and SVITLANA DONCHENKO. "RESEARCH OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF DRAWINGS PERFORMED BY ACRYLIC PAINTS IN HAND PAINTING TECHNIQUES." Fibres and Textiles 29, no. 3 (November 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2022-3-003.

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The article considers a modern way of decorating clothes - hand-painted with acrylic paints based on motifs of Petrykivka's paintings. The possibility of using acrylic paints for hand painting of denim products in the technique of Petrikivka is investigated. The evaluation of the process of making drawings with different types of acrylic paint on denim fabric is performed. An experimental study of the wear resistance of the finished garment, namely: color fastness of the applied pattern to rubbing and to the washing. Based on the obtained data, a variant of acrylic paint is proposed, which provides high-quality production of competitive garments with hand-painted finishing in the technique of Petrikivka.
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Greening, Timothy. "Identification of α-phase crystallization Pigment Red 254 in artist's paints by powder x-ray diffraction." Powder Diffraction 29, no. 3 (April 15, 2014): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614000037.

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Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is a pigment widely used in modern paints for industrial and artistic applications. Identification of this pigment in paint for art authentication and forensics has previously been accomplished with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or Laser Raman. Three commercial artist's paints containing DPP were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Alpha phase DPP was identified in two of the samples, barite extender the only crystalline component identified in the other sample. In conclusion, XRD analysis of paint samples can identify DPP, as can other organic analyses, but has the advantage of being non-destructive and also identifying the crystal structure. However, the fact that in one sample only extender could be identified does impose some limitations on the analysis of paints.
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Lee, Ui Cheon, Yeong Ju Lee, and Soo Chul Kim. "Study on Material Characteristic of Daegu Modern History Museum Collection Rickshaw." Journal of Conservation Science 38, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2022.38.2.07.

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In this study, we analyzed the rickshaw (Owned by the Daegu Modern History Museum) by measuring each material. The purpose of the study was to identify the materials in modern cultural assets that utilize a variety of materials in a complex way, and establish basic data for preservation and management. Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers (P-XRF), species identification, fiber identification, paint film analysis (microscope observation, SEM-EDS, FTIR) on metal, wood, fiber and paint was carried out. Brass, an alloy of Copper, Zinc and Iron, was measured in the metal parts. Further, wooden parts, such as Oak (Quercus acutissima), Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Bamboo (Bambusoideae). Torreya nucifera (Torreya spp.) were identified in the body. Fiber parts consisted mainly of cotton, but some parts were also made of leather. In terms of paint, rickshaws were applied with multiple layers, using cashew (synthetic paint used in place of lacquer). In sum, the rickshaw body part appeared to overlap with layers of fiber, metal (soild), paint, and colored (black, red) layer.
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Lavine, Barry K., Collin G. White, Matthew D. Allen, and Andrew Weakley. "Pattern Recognition-Assisted Infrared Library Searching of the Paint Data Query Database to Enhance Lead Information from Automotive Paint Trace Evidence." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 3 (October 6, 2016): 480–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816666287.

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Multilayered automotive paint fragments, which are one of the most complex materials encountered in the forensic science laboratory, provide crucial links in criminal investigations and prosecutions. To determine the origin of these paint fragments, forensic automotive paint examiners have turned to the paint data query (PDQ) database, which allows the forensic examiner to compare the layer sequence and color, texture, and composition of the sample to paint systems of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). However, modern automotive paints have a thin color coat and this layer on a microscopic fragment is often too thin to obtain accurate chemical and topcoat color information. A search engine has been developed for the infrared (IR) spectral libraries of the PDQ database in an effort to improve discrimination capability and permit quantification of discrimination power for OEM automotive paint comparisons. The similarity of IR spectra of the corresponding layers of various records for original finishes in the PDQ database often results in poor discrimination using commercial library search algorithms. A pattern recognition approach employing pre-filters and a cross-correlation library search algorithm that performs both a forward and backward search has been used to significantly improve the discrimination of IR spectra in the PDQ database and thus improve the accuracy of the search. This improvement permits inter-comparison of OEM automotive paint layer systems using the IR spectra alone. Such information can serve to quantify the discrimination power of the original automotive paint encountered in casework and further efforts to succinctly communicate trace evidence to the courts.
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Oh, Seung-Jun, and Koang-Chul Wi. "A Basic Research for Preservation of Works Exhibited in the Outdoor Sculpture Park - A Scientific Analys is of Painted Work ‘Conversion’ Exhibited in the Cheonmasan Sculpture Park -." Journal of Conservation Science 37, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2021.37.4.08.

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Outdoor sculptures of modern art works are being damaged and deteriorated as they are exposed to the outdoor environment due to the nature of exhibition in the outdoor environment, but secure of basic data through the measures for conservation and advanced researches still remain in the early stage. The surface of “Conversion” which is exhibited in the Busan Cheonmasan Sculpture Park has been exfoliated and deteriorated due to outdoor exhibition for a long time, so systematic conservation and management of works are considered necessary. Prior to the conservation and management, this study conducted observation of cross section, analysis of inorganic components, FT-IR, Raman and Py-GC/Mass analysis to examine the nature and type of paints used for the work through a scientific analysis. As a result of analysis, paints used for the “Conversion” include paint mixed with silvery aluminium powder and white pigment, reddish paint mixed with toluidine red, bluish paint that mixed prussian blue and titanium white and mixture of phthalocyanine blue and titanium white. The result is expected to be used as basic data for selecting materials necessary for conservative treatment of and establishing a plan for conservative treatment of the “Conversion”.
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Lebedenko, Sergey E., Aleksey G. Isaev, Irina E. Mozoreva, and Sergey A. Beznosyuk. "Study of modern paint and varnish coatings of cars produced by "UAZ" and "Volkswagen"." Butlerov Communications 64, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-12-104.

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The article presents the results of a study of samples of factory paint and varnish coatings of cars of the "UAZ" and "Volkswagen" model series in accordance with the methods of studying paint and varnish coatings of vehicles in force in the system of forensic departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. When carrying out the study, a set of recommended methods for studying paint and varnish coatings was used - optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis. In the course of the work, the morphological features of the investigated each layer of the studied paint and varnish coatings were determined, and the infrared spectra of these layers were also recorded and interpreted. Based on the analysis of infrared spectra, the qualitative molecular composition of the main components of soils, enamels and varnishes of paint and varnish coatings was determined. Electronic images of cross-sections of paint-and-lacquer coatings of UAZ and Volkswagen vehicles were obtained, as well as X-ray spectra of each layer. The data obtained made it possible to generalize and compare the characteristic features of paint and varnish coatings of each manufacturer. So, for paint and varnish coatings manufactured by Volkswagen, the following characteristics have been determined: the first primers of the samples are made on the basis of a polyester binder containing titanium dioxide in the mineral part, the second primers (fillers) are made on the basis of an acryl-urethane or polyacrylate binder with various modifiers, containing barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and other fillers, the lacquer layers are made on the basis of an acrylic-urethane binder modified with styrene and melamine. The paint and varnish coatings produced by "UAZ" were characterized by the following features: the first primers were made on the basis of an epoxy-ester binder containing various fillers. In the manufacture of the second primers (fillers), an alkyd binder modified with melamine can be used. The available lacquer layers are made on the basis of a polyacrylate binder modified with styrene and melamine. The identified groups of features make it possible to differentiate the paint and varnish coatings of cars of the UAZ and Volkswagen model lines within the framework of the examination of materials, substances and products.
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Svyatchenko, A. V., N. Yu Kiryushina, and O. N. Sharapov. "Techno-Genic Fillers in the Composition of Modern Polymer Paints." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.60.

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The article shows that techno-genic fillers, based on slag of electrometallurgical production, can be used as fillers for water-dispersion paints, based on polymer composition. For these purposes, it is necessary to modify the slag particles, in order to increase its hydrophobic property. The article examines the effect of the mass of the additive of techno-genic filler, based on the modified slag of the electrometallurgical plant, on the properties of the resulting paint. A water-dispersed acrylic composition, containing stearic acid-modified slag of electric steelmaking production as a filler, has been developed. The composition has high uniformity, is more heat-resistant and water-resistant, a high hiding power and viscosity, and corresponds to modern analogues.
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Haddad, Abed, Megan Randall, Lynda Zycherman, and Ana Martins. "Reviving Alexander Calder’s Man-Eater with Pennants: A Technical Examination of the Original Paint Palette." Heritage 4, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 1920–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030109.

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Mat-Eater with Pennants, a rarely exhibited sculpture in Alexander Calder’s oeuvre, was commissioned by The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and installed in 1945. To exhibit the large standing mobile in Alexander Calder: Modern from the Start (2021), the derelict sculpture had to be remediated; this initiated a collaborative investigation with conservation scientists, conservators, curators, and the Calder Foundation into the original paint colors hidden beneath layers of repaint. XRF analysis was carried out to elucidate the paints’ composition, followed by sampling for analysis to assess the paint stratigraphy and binders. Scrapings were analyzed by µ-FTIR and Raman spectroscopies; cross sections were examined with optical microscopy and analyzed with SEM-EDS. Analysis differentiated between the original paints, which contain Prussian blue, parachlor red, chrome yellow, and the many layers of overpaint, which contain titanium white, molybdate orange, a variety of β-Naphthol reds, red lead, and ultramarine. A model for Man-Eater, Mobile with 14 Flags, is also part of the museum’s collection, and was first considered as a point of reference for the original colors. Similar analysis, however, indicates that the maquette was painted after the Man-Eater was first installed, therefore is not representative of the original colors. In addition to investigating an early primary palette for Calder’s outdoor sculptures, this study helped develop the plan for the restoration of the original color scheme of Man-Eater.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modern paint"

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Austin, Travis R. "Laminated PAINT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5462.

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Though we may not perceive it, we are surrounded by material-in-flux. Inert materials degrade and the events that comprise our natural and social environments causally thread into a duration that unifies us in our incomprehension. Sounds reveal ever-present vibrations of the landscape: expressions of the flexuous ground on which we stand.
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Murphy, Gavin. "'The Tropes Out Movement?' : an examination of the work of three English artists dealing with the political conflict in Northern Ireland through the medium of paint." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245807.

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Roche, Linda. "Theatre of painting a structural exploration of the forming of an image through paint : an exegesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts (Art and Design), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/469.

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This studio-based project explores a method of working that assigns agency to paint and process within the medium of painting. Underpinning this exploration is the notion that process driven making could potentially pose as a per formative event. Choreographed yet contingent, the practice investigates the relationship between the potentiality inherent within media and the extent to which this is affected by temporal/ external factors in the determining of outcome. A dialogue between the intentional and the contingent is initiated through a systematic approach that involves manipulation of the constituent elements of paint and the implementation of procedure and protocols as a means to activate conditions of possibility. Central to the research concerns are issues surrounding the ability of media to articulate itself, determine its own temporality and of process and content to operate conterminously. The images produced evidence this investigation as both enquiry and consequence.
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Izzo, Francesca Caterina <1982&gt. "20th century artists' oil paints : a chemical-physical survey." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1100.

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Il progetto sviluppato in questa tesi di Dottorato in Scienze chimiche riguarda lo studio di opere di arte moderna e contemporanea con particolare riferimento alle indagini sui materiali e tecnologie usate dagli artisti. Per tale ricerca sono state sviluppate delle tecniche di indagine innovative, specifiche in grado di rilevare non solamente la natura dei materiali utilizzati ma anche il loro comportamento nel tempo. Questa ricerca si è inserita in un progetto internazionale riguardante appunto la conservazione dell’arte contemporanea (20th Century Oil Paint Project, promosso dall'ICN The Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage, Amsterdam in collaborazione con il Courtauld Institute of Art, London, ilTate, London e il Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles). Il lavoro di tesi ha portato in particolare alla messa a punto di metodologie di studio dei oleosi attraverso l’impiego di tecniche cromatografiche (GC-MS, Py-GC-MS) che hanno consentito di individuare la presenza e il ruolo di alcuni additivi industriali (come gli stearati di alluminio e zinco e l'olio di ricino idrogenato) che fino ad ora non erano stati rilevati in maniera significativa,ma che rivestono un ruolo importante nella produzione industriale dei materiali dell’arte. La ricerca è stata condotta dapprima su campioni pittorici ad olio realizzati in laboratorio utilizzando leganti oleosi, pigmenti, siccativi e additivi impiegati nella moderna produzione industriale di colori ad olio. I film pittorici sono stati analizzati mediante l’uso di svariate tecniche analitiche, tra cui la spettrometria infrarosso in trasformata di Fourier (FT-IR), la spettrofotometria a raggi X (XRF), la Termogravimetria (TG), la Calorimetria Differenziale a Scansione (DSC) e la Gascromatografia abbinata alla Spettrometria di Massa (GC-MS). La parte sperimentale si è poi incentrata sullo studio di colori ad olio (a tubetto) provenienti da collezioni storiche di famose ditte produttrici di colori ad olio (come ad esempio Winsor&Newton, Talens, Old Holland, Maimeri). L’ultima parte della tesi è stata dedicata allo studio di significative opere moderne e contemporanee di artisti quali Lucio Fontana, Jasper Johns, Karel Appel, Willem de Kooning, Salvador Dalì, Henri Matisse, Isabel Lambert-Rawsthorne, Ethel Walker, etc. I risultati, oltre che a chiarire le situazioni sotto indagine, aprono una serie di nuove prospettive su settori finora poco approfonditi nella produzione artistica e tecnologica dell’arte moderna e contemporanea.
The research project developes in PhD research in Chemical Sciences deals with the study of modern and contemporary works of art, focusing on materials and production techniques employed by artists. In this study innovative and specific analytical techniques have been optimised: the survey has been successful not only in detecting the nature of artistic materials used in the 20th century, but also in studying their behaviours over time. Thid PhD researc has been part of an international project concerning the Conservation of Contemporary Art and has lead to the improvement of new methodologies to study proteinaceous and lipidic binding media by using chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, Py-GC-MS, HPLC). These methods have also allowed for the identification and the role of industrial additives (such as aluminium and zinc stearates and hydrogenated castor oil), which had been not fully studied previously. This part of the PhD research has been developed in the Netherlands, in the laboratories of the ICN (The Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage, Amsterdam), under the supervision of Dr. Klaas Jan van den Berg and Mr. Ing. Henk van Keulen. The research has been part of the international project called "20th Century Oil Paint Project", carried out at ICN in collaboration with Courtauld Institute of Art, London, Tate, London and Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles. The research was initially focused on the study of laboratory-reconstructed oil films, which were prepared with lipidic binders, additives, pigments and driers used by modern oil manufacturers. The films were studied by using several analytical techniques: FT-IR, XRF, TG-DSC and GC-MS. This study has lead to an improvement of analytical methodologies for the study of manufactured oil samples. Furthermore, the research focused on real samples taken from important modern paintings by Lucio Fontana, Jasper Johns, Karel Appel, Willem de Kooning, Salvador Dalì, Henri Matisse, Isabel Lambert-Rawsthorne, Ethel Walker, etc. The obtained results are a further step in the knowledge of materials used in artistic and technological production in Contemporary Art.
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Bezy, Renaud. "Paint out ! : la peinture dans le champ élargi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0012.

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PAINT OUT ! La peinture dans le champ élargi Cette recherche artistique et théorique procède de l'expérimentation au sens de John Dewey. Elle porte sur les conditions et la possibilité d’une pratique picturale qui excède, déborde le cadre généralement assigné à la peinture : l’exposition mais aussi ses caractéristiques physiques (toile, châssis, pigment). Mon hypothèse est que ce dépassement ne passe pas nécessairement par l’épuisement des formes artistiques dans une logique réductionniste et moderniste de disparition. Bien au contraire, Il s’agit d’envisager la peinture comme une adresse qui fasse saillie dans un champ élargi ouvert à l’installation, à la performance, au film, voire à la relecture plus distanciée d’œuvres picturales. Nourri des réflexions d’auteurs théoriques et convoquant les œuvres d’autres artistes (mais aussi d’architectes, de designers, de cinéastes), la thèse s’articule autour de trois grands groupes de productions personnelles : des peintures installées et performées ; un cycle de films figurant un personnage de peintre intitulé « Les Ballets Barbares » ; et enfin un projet (« La Datcha 2 ») qui fonctionne comme la relecture d'une toile collective peinte en 1969. Le mode d’écriture et d’analyse adopté ici procède de l’exploration, une déambulation au milieu d’éléments hétérogènes : concepts, œuvres, lieux, personnages. Pourtant ce procédé ne saurait s’ériger en système tant il engage intuitions, expérimentations et tâtonnements comme autant de tentatives. Dès lors embarqué sur ce radeau, je pourrais faire mienne cette phrase de Fernand Deligny : « Il ne s’agit pas de méthode, je n’en n’ai jamais eu »
This artistic and theoretical research proceeds from experimentations as developed by John Dewey. It adresses the conditions and the possibilities of a pictorial practice which would exceed, go beyond the framework generally assigned to painting: the exhibition but also its physical characteristics (canvas, stretcher, pigment). My hypothesis is that challenging some of the conventions attached to painting does not necessarily go through the exhaustion of artistic forms in a reductionist and modernist logic of disappearance. On the contrary, the issue here is to consider a practice of painting that would manifest itself in an expanded field, open to installations, performances, films, and even to the practice of distanciation, a rereading of historical pictorial works.Fuelled by the reflections of theoretical authors and addressing the works of other artists (but also architects, designers, filmmakers), the thesis revolves around three major groups of personal artistic productions : installed and performed paintings; a cycle of films depicting a painter character entitled "Les Ballets Barbares"; and finally a project ("La Datcha 2") which functions like the rereading of a collective canvas painted in 1969. The writing process adopted here proceed by exploration, a wandering in the midst of heterogeneous elements: concepts, works, places, characters. However, this process cannot be set up as a system as it involves intuitions, experiments and trial and error as many attempts. Therefore embarked on this raft, I could make mine this sentence of Fernand Deligny: "It is not about method, I never had one"
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Moore, Grace. "Paine, Blake and Hegemony." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626059.

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Thrush, Elizabeth Neely. "Explanatory models of chronic pain." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1030.

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Cascarilla, Elizabeth A. "Chronic Pain-Related Distress & Disability: An Empirical Investigation of a Modern Behavioral Theory of Acceptance of Chronic Pain." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1257472306.

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Natale, Claudia. "Spinal glycinergic neurotransmission in neuropathic pain models." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25376.

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Disruption to inhibitory neurotransmission is commonly associated with the development of chronic neuropathic pain. However, exactly which aspect of inhibition is affected varies between studies with little consensus on the major contributors. I hypothesised that the different neuropathic pain models used in each study contribute to these discrepancies. Thus, the first part of this thesis focused on the following question: Do different neuropathic pain models produce different physiological changes in the spinal cord dorsal horn? Neuropathic pain is poorly treated with existing analgesics, making the need for novel therapeutics paramount. The glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) is expressed at inhibitory glycinergic synapses in the spinal cord and novel analgesic compounds targeting it have been developed. The second part of this thesis investigated the cellular actions of one of these novel compounds and asked; How does the novel GlyT2 inhibitor, Oleoyl-D-Lysine, effect glycinergic neurotransmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn? Patch-clamp electrophysiology was used in both projects. In project 1, changes to glycinergic neurotransmission were investigated in chronic constriction injury (CCI) or partial nerve ligation (PNL) models. Both produced similar behavioural outcomes, but vastly different physiological changes. Reduced glycinergic neurotransmission was observed in the PNL model, but not the CCI model. In project 2, Oleoyl-D-Lysine displayed a minor effect on synaptic glycinergic currents, but its predominant effect was on tonic glycinergic currents and produced no detrimental effects on presynaptic glycine supply. Overall, these results suggest that each neuropathic pain model should be considered unique and more research should look into the distinct nociceptive circuits involved for a better understanding of neuropathic pain physiology, as well as to identify more novel therapeutic targets. In addition, the findings suggest that despite Oleoyl-D-Lysine’s glycinergic specific mechanism, it may be effective in treating neuropathic pain caused by different injuries because its main effect is to reduce the excitability of the system not just to enhance glycinergic neurotransmission as was previously hypothesised.
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Lariviere, William R. "The bee venom test : a new tonic-pain test." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23405.

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The present study describes a new test of tonic pain in rats which can be used as an animal model of persistent pain. In the first experiment, the response to subcutaneous injection of various doses of bee venom into the hind paw of the rat was quantified. The second experiment investigated the effect of morphine and aspirin on the response to an intermediate dose of bee venom. Finally, the third experiment examined the response to concurrent injections of bee venom and formalin. Subcutaneous injection of bee venom produced local inflammation, marked edema, and tonic pain responses. Increasing doses of bee venom produced higher mean pain scores and increased durations of responding. Pain responses lasted up to approximately one hour and the inflammation and edema were virtually gone by 8 hours with the lower doses of bee venom tested and by 2 days with the two highest doses tested. Analgesia was produced by morphine and aspirin, indicating that the bee venom test can be used to test analgesic drugs. Concurrent administration of bee venom and formalin produced responses similar to formalin alone, with an increased duration of responding at higher intensities. The data suggest that the bee venom test is a valid animal model of experimental tonic pain.
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Books on the topic "Modern paint"

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Hullcoop, R. S. Investigation of modern paint systems. High Wycombe: Ray Hullcoop & Associates, 1991.

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Stenersenmuseet, ed. Fresh Paint. Milano [Italy]: Charta, 2012.

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Monika, Szewczyk, and Vancouver Art Gallery, eds. Paint: [a psychedelic primer. Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery, 2006.

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Learner, Tom. Analysis of modern paints. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute, 2004.

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Institute, Getty Conservation, ed. Analysis of modern paints. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 2005.

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Baykam, Bedri. Monkey's right to paint and the post-Duchamp crisis. Istanbul: Literatur, 1994.

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Cerda, Alberto Ibañez, and Guillermo Pelayo Olmos. Dear painter, paint me: Alberto Ibañez Cerda. San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, México: UDLAP, 2017.

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Tom, Learner, ed. The impact of modern paints. London: Tate Gallery Publishing, 2000.

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Tom, Learner, and Getty Conservation Institute, eds. Modern paints uncovered: Proceedings from the modern paints uncovered symposium. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 2008.

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Corbett, David Peters. The world in paint: Modern art and visuality in England, 1848-1914. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Modern paint"

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Carter, Anne, Gillian Osmond, Paula Dredge, and Bruce Leary. "Zinc Oxide in Oil-Based House Paint: Insights from a Paint Chemist’s Notebook Dated 1949." In Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings, 77–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19254-9_5.

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de Keijzer, Matthijs. "The Delight of Modern Organic Pigment Creations." In Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, 45–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10100-2_4.

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Graczyk, Agata, Pauline Hélou-de La Grandière, Alan Phenix, and Sigrid Mirabaud. "Oil Paint Straight from the Tube: Paint-Specific Deterioration in Works by Alexis Mérodack-Jeaneau, 1910–1913." In Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings, 229–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19254-9_17.

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Soldano, Alexia, and Klaas Jan van den Berg. "Investigation into the Surface Conductivity of Water-Sensitive Modern Oil Paints." In Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, 407–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10100-2_27.

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Izzo, Francesca Caterina, Klaas Jan van den Berg, Henk van Keulen, Barbara Ferriani, and Elisabetta Zendri. "Modern Oil Paints – Formulations, Organic Additives and Degradation: Some Case Studies." In Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, 75–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10100-2_5.

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Steyn, Lise, Klaas Jan van den Berg, Maartje Stols-Witlox, Ella Hendriks, and Louise Wijnberg. "Some Considerations When Cleaning Robert Ryman’s Oil Paint(ings)." In Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings, 347–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19254-9_27.

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Zumbühl, Stefan. "The Rate of Solvent Action on Modern Oil Paint." In Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings, 465–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19254-9_36.

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Blumenroth, Diana, Stefan Zumbühl, Nadim C. Scherrer, and Wolfgang Müller. "Sensitivity of Modern Oil Paints to Solvents. Effects on Synthetic Organic Pigments." In Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, 351–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10100-2_23.

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Zumbühl, Stefan, Nadim C. Scherrer, and Wolfgang Müller. "Derivatisation Technique for Infrared Spectroscopy – Characterisation of Oxidative Ageing Products in Modern Oil Paint." In Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, 213–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10100-2_15.

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Burnstock, Aviva, and Klaas Jan van den Berg. "Twentieth Century Oil Paint. The Interface Between Science and Conservation and the Challenges for Modern Oil Paint Research." In Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10100-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Modern paint"

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Ciofini, D., and S. Siano. "Spectroscopic Characterisation of Laser-Induced Effects on Modern Paint Layers." In 18th Italian National Conference on Photonic Technologies (Fotonica 2016). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2016.0959.

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Gazizov, A. "Reducing the Fire Hazard of Wooden Structures." In Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901755-10.

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Abstract. Increasing the fire resistance of wooden structures is relevant because of their increased flammability. The article describes an experimental study using NEOMID flame retardant paint and silica powder as a flame retardant for wooden structures. According to the results of the experiment, a group of fire-retardant effectiveness of the tested fire-retardant composition was established with different methods of its use.
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Burby, M., G. G. Nasr, and T. Cox. "Painting and Coating of Acoustic Materials." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93861.

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Acoustic materials are used to treat indoor and outdoor spaces to make speech intelligible, and places less noisy and more pleasant to be in. Whilst most treatments are old and well established, in recent years there has been a growth in innovative products, which overcome difficulties with the old technologies, especially when making the treatments more visually acceptable to architects. Modern construction depends a great deal on acoustic materials to act as sound containment or sound control, either in residential or commercial applications. Sound-absorbing materials are highly porous to increase their sound absorption qualities. The amount of absorption depends on the thickness of the porous material, the size and number of pores, and the frequency of the noise. When painting acoustic materials, the painter should be very careful that the paint does not close up the acoustic surfaces; perforations or fissures. It is through these openings in the surface that sound waves enter the body of the acoustic material and are absorbed. It is the control of the paint droplet size upon the surface that affects the acoustic properties and the aesthetic appearance of the coated surface. An investigation into the coating performance with regard to acoustic absorption and aesthetic appearance was performed in a true-scale automotive spray booth using five different types of paint: three aerosol paints, domestic emulsion and acoustic paint. The sprays produced by the aerosols, emulsion and acoustic paints, applied using an air assist spray-gun, were characterised using a Mastersizer-X laser instrument. The flow rate of the paint through the spray gun was varied during the experiments between 50 ml/min and 500 ml/min. The work has highlighted the operating parameters for the air-assist spray gun in order to produce the smallest drop sizes. The measuring of the acoustic coefficient of the coated materials has shown that the aerosol and air-assist gun produced too large a droplet to produce a good acoustic coating. The use of the acoustic paint did create a good absorption coefficient but the work has highlighted the requirement for the atomizing process to be optimised for this highly viscous acoustic paint.
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Cimpean, Anca Maria, Romeo Minodoru Cosnita, and Marius Raica. "To “paint“ with Human Tissues and Modern Technology: This is Art in Histology Gamification." In 2020 International Symposium on Electronics and Telecommunications (ISETC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isetc50328.2020.9301122.

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Andreini, Antonio, Riccardo Becchi, Bruno Facchini, Lorenzo Mazzei, Alessio Picchi, and Antonio Peschiulli. "Effusion Cooling System Optimization for Modern Lean Burn Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57721.

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Stricter legislation limits concerning NOx emissions are leading main aero-engine manufacturers to update the architecture of the combustors towards the implementation of lean burn combustion concept. Cooling air availability for the thermal management of combustor liners is significantly reduced, demanding even more effective liner cooling schemes. The state-of-the-art of liner cooling technology is represented by effusion cooling, consisting in a very efficient cooling strategy based on multi-perforated liners, where metal temperature is lowered by the combined protective effect of coolant film and heat removal inside the holes. The present research study aims at deepening the knowledge of effusion systems, exploiting the results of a thorough experimental campaign carried out in two different planar test rigs, equipped with a complete liner cooling scheme composed by slot injection and effusion array. The film cooling protection was analysed using PSP (Pressure Sensitive Paint) technique, while the effect of cooling injection and extraction from the annulus on heat transfer distribution were studied by means of TLC (Thermochromic Liquid Crystals) thermography. Thermal measurements were supported by flow field investigation with standard 2D PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) in order to highlight the typical velocity distributions generated by a realistic lean injector. These detailed experimental data were exploited in a 1D thermal flow-network solver that allows to better assess the main cooling mechanisms characterising the proposed cooling system. Moreover, an optimized cooling configuration with enhanced back-side convective cooling was proposed and compared with the standard configuration in terms of metal temperature and cooling consumption.
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Li, Xueying, Mingfei Li, Jing Ren, and Hongde Jiang. "Heat Transfer Measurements of Vane Endwall With Film Cooling and Impingement Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43044.

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The switch from diffusive combustion to premixed combustion in a modern gas turbine will change the combustor exit temperature profile to a more uniform one. Hot spot may occur from 10% to 90% vane span. This will directly affect the cooling of the first stage vane especially the endwall region. Cooling characteristics and metal temperature prediction of endwall become critical. A typical endwall configuration with matched non-dimensional parameters to the engine condition was investigated experimentally in this study. Two endwall cooling arrangements at four different coolant to mainstream mass flow ratios (MFR) were tested in a linear cascade. Detailed measurements of aerodynamic, heat transfer coefficient, adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and overall effectiveness of the endwall were performed. The temperature sensitive paint (TSP) and pressure sensitive paint (PSP) were used to acquire these parameters. The conjugate heat transfer characteristic of endwall with film cooling and impingement cooling was discussed. Besides, the influence of coolant mass flow ratio on conjugate heat transfer of endwall was analyzed. The results suggested that for film only case the overall effectiveness increases with the increase of MFR but for the combination case with both film cooling and impingement cooling the growth slows down. 1D and 2D method for overall effectiveness prediction based on experimental data for separate parameters and correlations were also studied.
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Vasilijević, Vasilije, Nenad Kojić, and Natalija Vugdelija. "NEW APPROACH IN QUANTIFYING USER EXPERIENCE IN WEB-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.9.

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The primary goal of every developer is to develop the highest quality web application. The quality of the application is not only a subjective assessment of the developer, but objective and representative criteria for measuring performance must be defined. Google provides a model called Web Vitals with a subset of core Web Vitals that are important for quantifying user experience on the web. Some of the metrics are LCP (Largest Contentful Paint, refers to loading), FID (First Input Delay, refers to interactivity) and CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift, refers to visual stability). This paper will present modern technologies and tools for measuring the performance of websites and analyze them on a real example of a web application. The analysis will include the use and measurement of the most important parameters: Lighthouse, PageSpeed Insights, Chrome DevTools, Search Console, web.dev's measure tool, the Web Vitals Chrome extension and Chrome UX Report API.
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Kusterer, Karsten, Torsten Hagedorn, Dieter Bohn, Takao Sugimoto, and Ryozo Tanaka. "Improvement of a Film-Cooled Blade by Application of the Conjugate Calculation Technique." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68555.

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The conjugate calculation technique has been used for the three-dimensional thermal load prediction of a film-cooled test blade of a modern gas turbine. Thus, it becomes possible to take into account the interaction of internal flows, external flow, and heat transfer without the prescription of heat transfer coefficients. The numerical models consist of all internal flow passages and cooling hole rows including shaped holes. Based on the results, deficiencies of the test configuration close to the leading edge region and in the blade tip region have been detected, which lead to hot spots and surface areas of high thermal load. These regions of high thermal load have been confirmed by thermal index paint measurements in good agreement to the conjugate calculation results. Based on the experimental and numerical results, recommendations for the improvement of the blade cooling were derived and an improved blade cooling configuration has been designed. The conjugate calculation results as well as new measurement data show that the changes in the cooling design have been successful with respect to cooling performance. Regions of high thermal load have vanished and effective cooling is reached for all critical parts of the test blade.
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Ngetich, Gladys C., Peter T. Ireland, and Eduardo Romero. "Study of Film Cooling Effectiveness on a Double-Walled Effusion-Cooled Turbine Blade in a High-Speed Flow Using Pressure Sensitive Paint." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90545.

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Abstract A detailed analysis of film cooling performance on a double-walled effusion-cooled blade is essential for both the coolant consumption optimization and assessment of the film to offer the desired levels of the turbine blade protection. Yet there are hardly any film effectiveness studies on double-wall full-coverage film cooled turbine blades. This paper presents a detailed film cooling effectiveness study over the full surface of a double-walled effusion-cooled high-pressure turbine rotor blade using Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP). PSP permitted a non-intrusive and conduction-errors-free means of obtaining clean and distinct local distribution of film effectiveness on the blade surface making it possible to extract valuable film cooling effectiveness performance data on the whole blade surface. Three large-scale circular pedestal double-wall blade designs with varying pedestal height, pedestal diameter and cooling hole diameter were tested in a high-speed stationary single-blade linear cascade running at engine-representative Mach and Reynolds numbers. All the blades were tested within a range of representative modern engine coolant mass flow, ṁc to mainstream, ṁg ratios; 1.6% < ṁc/ṁ∞ < 5.5%. High porosity blade exhibited a better flow distribution and was found to consistently perform the best.
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Ye, Qiaoyan, Oliver Tiedje, Shreyas Rohit Srinivas, Thomas Noest, and Uhrrich Uhrner. "Investigations on nano- and submicron-particle generation by spray painting processes." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4666.

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This paper presents experimental and numerical studies to determine the particle size distributions (PSD) and concentrations in paint overspray. Two kinds of paint materials, solvent borne and water borne paints, both with and without manufactured nanomaterials (pigments), and an industrial spray gun were used. Different aerosol measuring techniques, namely the Spraytec Fraunhofer type particle sizer for micro-sized droplets in the spray jet and the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) for nano particles in paint overspray were applied. It was found, that solvent borne clear coats create significantly higher number concentration of nano-sized droplets than the water borneprimers. Only small differences in PSD between paints with and without manufactured nanomaterials were found. Numerical simulations of droplet trajectories within the spray booth, for both micro and nano sized droplets, were carried out. Based on the experimental and numerical results, a representative particle size distribution (smaller than 1 μm) for the given spray gun was obtained. Effects of turbulence models on the particle deposition on targets, especially for submicron particles, have been analysed in detailed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4666
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Reports on the topic "Modern paint"

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Pommersheim, James M. A mathematical model of cathodic delamination and blistering processes in paint films on steel. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1293.

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Huang, Jiapeng, Chunlan Yang, Kehong Zhao, Ziqi Zhao, Yin Chen, Tingting Wang, and Yun Qu. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Rodent Models of Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0104.

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Blanchflower, David, and Andrew Oswald. Unhappiness and Pain in Modern America: A Review Essay, and Further Evidence, on Carol Graham’s Happiness for All? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24087.

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Basch, Ethan, and Antonia Bennett. Development of Pain Endpoint Models for Use in Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials and Drug Approval. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568097.

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Basch, Ethan, and Antonia Bennett. Development of Pain Endpoint Models for Use in Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials and Drug Approval. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594899.

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Basch, Ethan, and Antonia Bennett. Development of Pain End Point Models for Use in Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials and Drug Approval. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613282.

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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Andrea Diulio-Nakamura, Kim Mauer, Rongwei Fu, et al. Integrated and Comprehensive Pain Management Programs: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer251.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of pain management programs that are based on the biopsychosocial model of care, particularly in the Medicare population. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from 1989 to May 24, 2021; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Given lack of consensus on terminology and program definition for pain management, we defined programs as integrated (based in and integrated with primary care) and comprehensive (referral based and separate from primary care) pain management programs (IPMPs and CPMPs). Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPMPs and CPMPs with usual care or waitlist, physical activity, pharmacologic therapy, and psychological therapy in patients with complex acute/subacute pain or chronic nonactive cancer pain. Patients needed to have access to medication support/review, psychological support, and physical function support in programs. Meta-analyses were conducted to improve estimate precision. We classified the magnitude of effects as small, moderate, or large based on predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, and change in opioid use. Results. We included 57 RCTs; 8 evaluated IPMPs and 49 evaluated CPMPs. Compared with usual care or waitlist, IPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain in the short and intermediate term (SOE: low) and in function in the short term (SOE: moderate), but there were no clear differences at other time points. CPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain immediately postintervention (SOE: moderate) but no differences in the short, intermediate, and long term (SOE: low); for function, improvements were moderate immediately postintervention and in the short term; there were no differences in the intermediate or long term (SOE: low at all time points). CPMPs were associated with small to moderate improvements in function and pain versus pharmacologic treatment alone at multiple time frames (SOE: moderate for function intermediate term; low for pain and function at all other times), and with small improvements in function but no improvements in pain in the short term when compared with physical activity alone (SOE: moderate). There were no differences between CPMPs and psychological therapy alone at any time (SOE: low). Serious harms were not reported, although evidence on harms was insufficient. The mean age was 57 years across IPMP RCTs and 45 years across CPMP RCTs. None of the trials specifically enrolled Medicare beneficiaries. Evidence on factors related to program structure, delivery, coordination, and components that may impact outcomes is sparse and there was substantial variability across studies on these factors. Conclusions. IPMPs and CPMPs may provide small to moderate improvements in function and small improvements in pain in patients with chronic pain compared with usual care. Formal pain management programs have not been widely implemented in the United States for general populations or the Medicare population. To the extent that programs are tailored to patients’ needs, our findings are potentially applicable to the Medicare population. Programs that address a range of biopsychosocial aspects of pain, tailor components to patient need, and coordinate care may be of particular importance in this population.
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He, zhe, liwei Xing, ming He, yuhuan Sun, jinlong Xu, and rong Zhao. Effect of Acupuncture on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia (MGH): a Bayesian network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0058.

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Review question / Objective: This review aims at conducting a network meta-analysis to assess the potential therapeutic effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for the treatment of MGH. Condition being studied: MGH is a benign breast disease caused by excessive growth of mammary duct epithelial cells and interstitial fibers. Its prevalence rate among women of childbearing age is about 13.5-42%, accounting for 99.3% of the total number of patients with breast related diseases, and its possibility of developing breast cancer can reach 5-10%. Breast hyperplasia can cause clinical symptoms such as breast pain, breast lump, nipple pigmentation and mood fluctuation, which brings severe physical and mental burden to patients. Modern medicine believes that the pathogenesis of MGH is related to sexual hormone disorder secondary to hypothalamus pituitary ovary axis dysfunction.At present, the treatment options of MGH are limited and not completely effective. The commonly used drugs in clinical practice, such as tamoxifen, danazol and goserelin, are expensive, which may lead to breast pain, swelling and increase of interstitial fibrous nodules, and the long-term use of MGH has huge side effects. The clinical guidelines recommend that the use time should be 2 to 6 months. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a treatment method of MGH that is effective, stable and safe.
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Méndez-Vizcaíno, Juan C., and Nicolás Moreno-Arias. A Global Shock with Idiosyncratic Pains: State-Dependent Debt Limits for LATAM during the COVID-19 pandemic. Banco de la República, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1175.

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Fiscal sustainability in five of the largest Latin American economies is examined before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the DSGE model in Bi(2012) and Hürtgen (2020) is used to estimate the Fiscal Limits and Fiscal Spaces for Peru, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. These estimates advance the empirical literature for Latin America on fiscal sustainability by offering new calculations stemming from a structural framework with alluring novel features: government default on the intensive margin; dynamic Laffer curves; utility-based stochastic discount factor; and a Markov-Switching process for public transfers with an explosive regime. The most notable additions to the existing literature for Latin America are the estimations of entire distributions of public debt limits for various default probabilities and that said limits critically hinge on both current and future states. Results obtained indicate notorious contractions of Fiscal Spaces among all countries during the pandemic, but the sizes of these were very heterogeneous. Countries that in 2019 had positive spaces and got closer to negative spaces in 2020, have since seen deterioration of their sovereign debt ratings or outlooks. Colombia was the only country to lose its positive Fiscal Space and investment grade, thereby joining Brazil, the previously sole member of both groups
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.

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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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