Academic literature on the topic 'Modern environmental ethics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modern environmental ethics"
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Benton, Christine, and Raymond Benton. "Why Teach Environmental Ethics? Because We Already Do." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 8, no. 2-3 (2004): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568535042690790.
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AbstractIn this paper we argue for the importance of the formal teaching of environmental ethics. This is, we argue, both because environmental ethics is needed to respond to the environmental issues generated by the neoliberal movement in politics and economics, and because a form of environmental ethics is implicit, but unexamined, in that which is currently taught. We maintain that students need to become aware of the latent ethical dimension in what they are taught. To help them, we think that they need to understand how models and metaphors structure and impact their worldviews. We describe how a simple in-class exercise encourages students to experience the way metaphors organize feelings, courses of action, and cognitive understandings. This is then intellectualized by way of Clifford Geertz's concept of culture and his model for the analysis of sacred symbols. From there we present a brief interpretation of modern economics as the embodiment of the dominant modern ethos. This leads into a consideration of ecology as a science, and to the environmental ethic embodied in Aldo Leopold's "Land Ethic." We close with a personal experience that highlights how environmental teaching can make students aware of the presence of an implicit, but unexamined, environmental ethic.
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Sadvokasov, M. A., and K. А. Medeuova. "Tendencies in digital ethics research (overview analysis of modern research)." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 143, no. 2 (2023): 248–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2023-143-2-248-268.
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The article presents discussions concerning the phenomenon of digital ethics. The terms, concepts, categories and criteria used in digital ethics are considered depending on the field of functioning – information ethics, computer ethics, and orthodox ethics. The cultural, social, industrial, philosophical and ethical aspects of the functioning of digital ethics are compared. A separate case concerning the impact of digital ethics on issues of interpersonal communication, including through the description of positive and negative scenarios for the use of digital ethics is considered.The genesis of previous, early, historical studies, approaches, ideas, concepts, somehow affecting ethical issues, especially digital ethics, is given. The resolution of contradictions between Western and Eastern ethical traditions applied to digital ethics has been carried out. The obstacles revealing the essence of the weak organization of ethical postulates are characterized. The need for a unified network of applied regulatory documents on digital ethics for the purposes of social well-being has been formalized and recognized. Various examples from the diverse layers of human life are given, allowing us to argue about the reference to digital ethics or ethics in general. The conclusion is made about the development of ethical concepts as a promising direction with significant evolutionary trends. A description of the methods, principles, and functions which the society can use for further research in this direction has been carried out.
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Mukhlaeva, Tatyana. "Problems of mainstreaming environmental ethics in modern education." Man and Education, no. 2 (67) (2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54884/s181570410019595-9.
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The rapid escalation of the ecological crisis requires dynamic adaptation of society to new conditions through a carefully thought-out effective education system. The article examines the concept of environmental ethics as a component of general ethics and argues the position that confronting the challenges of the 21st century requires the indissoluble integration of environmental ethics into education. The contribution to developing of environmental ethics and substantiation of its role in modern education and the teacher’s activities made by outstanding Soviet and Russian scientists N.N. Moiseev and D.S. Likhachev are analyzed. The role of environmental ethics in the structure of the modern teacher’s professional activity, aimed at the development of values and norms that form motivation, regulation of human behavior in overcoming the danger of disappearing its ecological niche is considered.
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Cafaro, Philip. "RACHEL CARSON'S ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 6, no. 1 (2002): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853502760184595.
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AbstractRachel Carson is well known as a founder of the modern environmental movement. This article argues that her life and writings have much to offer contemporary environmental philosophy. I begin by discussing the environmental ethics articulated in Silent Spring. I next examine Carson's earlier natural history writings and the non-anthropocentrism they express. I conclude with some suggestions for how Carson points the way forward for environmental ethics.
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Wood,, Harold W. "Modern Pantheism as an Approach to Environmental Ethics." Environmental Ethics 7, no. 2 (1985): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics19857214.
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Tranøy, Knut Erik. "Modern medical research ethics." Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 11, no. 3 (January 1993): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02813439308994823.
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A Abduazimova, Z. "ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND ITS FORMS OF MANIFESTATION IN SOCIETY." 2022-yil, 3-son (133/1) ANIQ FANLAR SERIYASI 2, no. 132/1 (March 7, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.59251/2181-1296.v2.1321.1.
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The article analyzes the features, values, the need for environmental ethics and the moral content of natural rights in the global environment of the modern era. Environmental ethics reflects the essence and concepts of environmental and moral perception, describes the features of the era of environmental ethics and globalization. The norms and practical significance of the main criteria of environmental ethics are widely covered. The emphasis is on the theoretical and practical aspects of biodiversity and seeks to combine these aspects with concepts of responsibility. Today it is important to pay attention to ethical issues in solving environmental problems. It is important to explain the common interests and requirements of social responsibility as an object of study of environmental ethics.
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Morito, Bruce. "Intrinsic Value: A Modern Albatross for the Ecological Approach." Environmental Values 12, no. 3 (August 2003): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096327190301200304.
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The idea and use of the concept of intrinsic value in environmental ethics has spawned much debate in environmental ethics/axiology. Although for many, it seems fundamental and necessary for formulating an ethic for environmental protection, it seems to confuse and even undermine such efforts. ‘Intrinsic value’ is, I argue, a concept born in the Western intellectual tradition for purposes of insulating and isolating those to whom intrinsic value can be attributed from one another and their environmental context. This is especially true from the Modern period onward. When used as a basis for determining moral considerability, these Modern foundations engender contradictory and self-defeating ways of thinking about the individual/ecosystem relationship. As a result, formulations of moral sensibilities and principles become self-defeating and, vis-à-vis the ecological context, incoherent. On the critique of this Modern residue, an alternative axiological framework is built, using Anthony Weston's idea of interdepending values as a preparation for a more ecologically coherent approach to environmental protection. This approach is dialectical and attempts to formulate an ecological foundation for moral considerability.
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b, a. "THE MODERN WORLD AND THE PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS." Theoretical & Applied Science 74, no. 06 (June 30, 2019): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2019.06.74.78.
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Sidorkina, Olena, Oksana Skyba, Nadiya Sukhova, and Tetiana Poda. "Environmental issues resulting from scientific and technical progress." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503074.
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The article explores the environmental issues of mankind being a negative consequence of unrestrained scientific and technological progress. Environmental issues have become global because they have reached a level that threatens the possibility of life on Earth. More and more scientists are becoming aware of the need to find new moral and ethical regulations that can change the consumer attitude to nature, help them to realize their responsibility towards it. It suggests the idea of the emergence and formation of a new ethics – the ethics of responsibility. That is, modern moral and ethical principles should not only allow humanity to enjoy all the benefits of scientific and technological civilization, but also to warn against the foreseeable possible threats.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modern environmental ethics"
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Dhar, Arpana. "A Non-anthropocentric approach to modern environmental ethics : a critical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/76.
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Abaidoo, Samuel. "Human-nature interaction and the modern agricultural regime, agricultural practices and environmental ethics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24063.pdf.
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Sack, Fabian P. D. "A moral law for the jungle a Kantian exploration in corporate environmental ethics /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060731.153244/index.html.
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O'Hara, Maeve. "Mindscapes and landscapes : an ontological analysis of aesthetic relationships between visual arts and nature." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envo36.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 99-102. Identifies aesthetic knowledge as a fundamentally linked perceptual and ontological process. Aesthetic processes are identified as criteria relevant for locating and advocating ethics in 'eco-culturally sustainable development'. Cultural actions are ethical evaluations about valuing nature.
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North, Naomi. "Fall Like a Man." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1460115929.
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Sokolsky, Mark D. Sokolsky. "Taming Tiger Country: Colonization and Environment in the Russian Far East, 1860-1940." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468510951.
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Rijo, Ana Isabel Estudante. "Promoção de competências em educação ambiental, um estudo com professores e supervisores do terceiro ciclo do ensino básico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15611.
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Os problemas ambientais são actualmente uma das maiores preocupações políticas, económicas, sociais e educativas a nível mundial, de cuja resolução depende, em grande parte a continuidade da vida na Terra. A protecção do meio ambiente, associada ao conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, implica um tipo de desenvolvimento social que satisfaça as necessidades actuais da humanidade, sem pôr em causa as gerações vindouras. Neste contexto, a Educação Ambiental assume um papel fundamental, não só na resolução dos problemas actuais, mas sobretudo na formação de cidadãos informados e responsáveis, capazes de tomar decisões conscientes em sociedade. Para tal, o ensino por competências, amplamente estudado no cenário educativo internacional, assume um papel de extrema importância, pois nas problemáticas associadas ao ambiente, mais importante do que saber é saber fazer e saber ser. Neste trabalho decidimos investigar a forma como professores e supervisores de Ciências Físicas, Químicas e Naturais encaram a Educação Ambiental no 3° ciclo do Ensino Básico. Para tal, decidimos aplicar um questionário aos referidos professores e supervisores pedagógicos que exerciam a sua actividade em escolas do distrito de Évora, onde, no ano lectivo 2003/2004, existia Estágio Pedagógico da Universidade de Évora. Esta investigação traduziu-se na análise comparativa dos referidos questionários permitindo-nos identificar e comparar o conceito de Educação Ambiental de professores e supervisores, assim como, as suas práticas pedagógicas relativas à Educação Ambiental. Permitiu, ainda, identificar as entidades que mais têm contribuído para a Educação Ambiental ao nível do terceiro ciclo do ensino básico e as principais alterações na Educação Ambiental proporcionadas pela reorganização neste nível de ensino. A partir da análise dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a formação inicial de professores apresenta ainda inúmeras lacunas ao nível da Educação Ambiental, sendo amplamente valorizados os métodos e técnicas mais tradicionais. Para além disso, a maior parte dos docentes continua a demonstrar uma preocupação
excessiva com a dimensão do currículo, não se assumindo, eles próprios, como construtores e gestores do próprio currículo. A Educação Ambiental é actualmente encarada pelos supervisores como uma parte dos conteúdos de uma ou várias disciplinas, o que mais uma vez demonstra a sua visão tradicionalista do ensino. Mais do que realçar as diferenças entre os dois grupos estudados (professores e supervisores pedagógicos) parece-nos de relevar os traços comuns, sem nunca esquecer que, na maior parte dos casos, a visão dos supervisores vai condicionar a dos futuros professores. Desta forma, salienta-se a visão tradicionalista de todo o processo educativo, designadamente no que respeita à Educação Ambiental, aparecendo o currículo como um conjunto inflexível de conteúdos a ser leccionado num determinado período de tempo. Os resultados a que chegámos apontam, de uma forma geral, para a necessidade de uma formação académica articulada com os diferentes graus de ensino e, sobretudo, com os princípios da Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo e do Currículo Nacional do Ensino Básico. A formação contínua de professores, nomeadamente dos supervisores pedagógicos, assume uma importância vital em todo o processo educativo pois, só desta forma, a inovação educacional poderá efectivamente chegar às escolas e englobar todo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
/*** Abstract -The environmental problems are at the present one of the biggest political, economic, social and educational issues in the world, and the continuity of life on earth depends mainly on their solution. The protection of the environment, associated to the concept of sustainable development, involves a kind of social development that can satisfy today's human needs, without putting the future generations at risk. In this context, Environmental Education has an important role, not only in solving today's problems, but especially in training informed and. responsible citizens, who can take conscientious decisions as members of the society. Thus, teaching skills, widely studied internationally, have an important role because, in what concerns environmental problems, more important than knowing is knowing how to do and how to be. In this work we investigate how teachers and pedagogical supervisors of Physics, Chemistry and Natural Sciences deal with Environmental Education in the 3`d Cycle of Basic Education. We decided to apply a questionnaire to teachers and pedagogical supervisors who worked in schools in the Évora district which, in the academic year of 2003/2004, had accepted student placements from Évora University. In this investigation we did a comparative analysis of the questionnaires, which allowed us to identify and compare the concept of Environmental Education of teachers and pedagogical supervisors, as well as their pedagogical approaches in relation to Envirorimental Education. This investigation also identified the entities that have contributed the most in Environmental Education in the 3d Cycle of Basic Education and the most important changes brought to the curriculum after the reorganization of this educational level. The analysis of the result allowed us to conclude that there are still a number of failures in the initial training of teachers in Environmental Education, insisting on traditional methods and techniques. Furthermore, most teachers worry excessively about the extension of the curricular programme, instead of building and managing the curriculum themselves. Additionally, supervisors see Environmental Education as just a part of other school subjects, which shows once again their traditional view of education. Instead of highlighting the differences between the two groups studied (teachers and pedagogical supervisors), we believe it is better to emphasize the similarities, without forgetting that in most cases, the views of the pedagogical supervisors will condition those of the future teachers. This way, we can highlight the traditional view of the whole educational process, namely in what concerns Environmental Education, presenting the curriculum as an inflexible programme of contents that must be taught in a specific period of time. Our conclusions point to a need for academic training articulated with the different school levels and, above all, with the principles of the Law for the Educational System and the National Curriculum of Basic Education. The continuous training of teachers, namely the pedagogical supervisors, is of vital importance for the whole educational process because it is the only way for the educational innovation to reach the schools and involve the whole process of teaching and learning.
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Miser, Martha Freymann. "The Myth of Endless Accumulation: A Feminist Inquiry Into Globalization, Growth, and Social Change." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1317997334.
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Hoang, Vinh Hien. "Analysis of the Existing Fashion Retail Concepts and its Coming Trends." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114363.
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The increase of trading has created many environmental, ecological, social and ethical problems. The main concern across all industries is to create more sustainable, eco-friendly and ethical manufacturing processes. Only by influence consumer's purchasing behavior there might be the demand for eco-green products. The fashion and textile industry as one of the main contributor to the world's economy is one of the main environmental polluter (e.g.: soil, lakes, river and air). Recently, many young fashion designers started to offer eco-green fashion to the market. This new phenomenon might change the course of the world fashion industry. The goal of this research is to find out the real demand for eco-green products and its impacts on the traditional methods of fashion manufacturing. Three geographical areas where chosen to represent consumption side (US and EU (UK)) and manufacturing side (China). The specific fashion garment was chosen to demonstrate detailed analysis of the manufacturing processes and its new eco-green formula -- the denim jeans. The primary and secondary research approaches were chosen to cover the whole industrial view on this phenomenon. The outcome of the research showed that the major impact was on the general consumer's purchasing behavior and their life style. It is a new trend and concept that is reshaping the traditional fashion business models. Denim jeans industry leaders such as Levi's Strauss are in process of implementing eco-green, ethical and fair-trade factors into their long-term strategy.
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Van, Winkle Kristina A. "Educating for Global Competence: Co-Constructing Outcomes in the Field: An Action Research Project." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1626442252415126.
Full textBooks on the topic "Modern environmental ethics"
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Council for Research in Values and Philosophy., ed. Indigenous and modern environmental ethics: A study of the indigenous Oromo environmental ethic and modern issues of environment and development. Washington, D.C: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2008.
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Human excellence and an ecological conception of the psyche. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
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Eco-ethics and contemporary philosophical reflection: The technological conjuncture and modern rationality. Heidelberg: Winter, 2008.
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Bookchin, Murray. The modern crisis. 2nd ed. Montréal: Black Rose Books, 1987.
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Beyond the modern mind: The spiritual and ethical challenge of the environmental crisis. New York: Pilgrim Press, 1990.
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C, Lehotay Denis, and Washington and Jefferson College (Washington, Pa.). Basic Issues Forum., eds. The Relationship of man and nature in the modern age: Dominion over the earth : essays from the Basic Issues Forum. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press, 1993.
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Bookchin, Murray. The modern crisis / Murray Bookchin. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Published in cooperation with the Institute for Social Ecology [by] New Society Publishers, 1986.
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L'avenir est notre poubelle: L'alternative de la décroissance. Arles: Sulliver, 2010.
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Educating for an ecologically sustainable culture: Rethinking moral education, creativity, intelligence, and other modern orthodoxies. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 1995.
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Ippel, Pieter. Modern recht en het goede leven: Over gezondheid, milieu en privacy. Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Modern environmental ethics"
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Brando, Sabrina, and Elizabeth S. Herrelko. "Wild Animals in the City: Considering and Connecting with Animals in Zoos and Aquariums." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 341–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_19.
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AbstractConnecting people with nature is a powerful concept that opens doors for relationship building and conservation messaging. The roles of wild animals in the city (e.g., in zoos and aquariums) and how we interact with them—and vice versa—must evolve along with our theoretical discussions and animal management practices in order to advance the field. While taking into consideration the long history of animals in captivity, where we are today, and were we should go in the future, this chapter reviews animal welfare and its ethical frameworks, human-animal interactions and its effect on both animals and people, wildness in zoos and how we perceive different states of origin, compassionate education programs and their efforts to instil empathy and empower people to become agents of change, and the power of modern technology in providing real connections with artificial means. In this ever-changing world, living responsibly together has never been more important.
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Kisora, Yulia, and Clemens Driessen. "Interpreting the YouTube Zoo: Ethical Potential of Captive Encounters." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 323–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_18.
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AbstractYouTube hosts a vast number of videos featuring zoo animals and humans actively reacting to each other. These videos can be seen as a popular genre of online entertainment, but also as a significant visual artefact of our relations with animals in the age of humans. In this chapter we focus on two viral videos featuring captive orangutans interacting with zoo visitors. The interpretations of ape-human interactions arising from the extensive number of comments posted to the videos are ambivalent in how they see the animals and their assumed capabilities. We argue that the YouTube Zoo could figure as a snapshot of human-animal relations in late modern times: mediating artificial conditions of animals suspended between the wild and the domestic, while offering a screened account of a deeply surprising interaction. The chapter shows the potential of close interactions between humans and animals to destabilise or reinforce the neat divisions between the human and the animal. It also shows the ethical potential of these interactions to either reinforce or question common practices of dealing with wild animals.
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Allen, Myria. "Understanding Pro-Environmental Behavior: Models and Messages." In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 105–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18005-2_4.
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Littmann, Jasper, A. M. Viens, and Diego S. Silva. "The Super-Wicked Problem of Antimicrobial Resistance." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 421–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_26.
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Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the progressive process by which microbes, such as bacteria, through evolutionary, environmental and social factors develop the ability to become resistant to drugs that were once effective at treating them – is a threat from which no one can escape. It is one of the largest threats to clinical and global health in the twenty-first century – inflicting monumental health, economic and social consequences. All persons locally and globally, and even all future persons yet to come into existence, all suffer the shared, interdependent vulnerability to this threat that will have a substantial impact on all aspects of our lives. For example, while reliable data are hard to find, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has conservatively estimated that, in Europe alone, AMR causes additional annual cost to health care systems of at least €1.5 billion, and is responsible for around 25,000 deaths per year. Furthermore, AMR significantly increases the cost of treating bacterial infections with an increase in length of hospital stays and average number of re-consultations, as well as the resultant lost productivity from increased morbidity. With a combined cost of up to $100 trillion to the global economy – pushing a further 28 million people into extreme poverty – this is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world. Most troublingly, if we do not succeed in diminishing the progression of AMR, there is the very real potential for it to threaten common procedures and treatments of modern medicine, including the safety and efficacy of surgical procedures and immunosuppressing chemotherapy. Some experts are warning that we may soon be ushering in a post-antibiotic area.
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Todd, Sharon, and Jesse Bazzul. "In Conversation with Sharon Todd: Rethinking the Future in a Time of Sorrow." In Palgrave Studies in Education and the Environment, 331–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35430-4_18.
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AbstractThis interview with Sharon Todd took place in Ireland on July 7, 2021. Jesse Bazzul (interviewer) and Sharon Todd (interviewee) worked together in the Department of Education at Maynooth University. Jesse was interested in Sharon’s views of climate sorrow and relational ethics. In the interview below Sharon Todd provides readers with a different way of looking at modern education—one that is relational and sets the stage for different encounters.
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da Costa, Gustavo Marques, and Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar. "Economics of Nanotechnology-I and Modern Policy and Decision-Making about Nano." In Environmental, Ethical, and Economical Issues of Nanotechnology, 151–63. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261858-8.
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da Costa, Gustavo Marques, and Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar. "Economics of Nanotechnology-I and Modern Policy and Decision-Making about Nano." In Environmental, Ethical, and Economical Issues of Nanotechnology, 151–63. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261858-8.
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Chopin, Thierry. "Models for Analysis and Practical Realities of Marine Aquaculure Siting." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 271–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8835-3_19.
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Chochia, Archil, and Eden Grace Niñalga Sicat. "Ethics and Modern Technologies: Example of Navigating Children’s Rights in an AI-Powered Learning Environment." In Digital Development of the European Union, 129–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27312-4_9.
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"Environmental Ethics in Modern Philosophy." In Proceedings of the XXII World Congress of Philosophy, 53–61. Philosophy Documentation Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp22200823681.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Modern environmental ethics"
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Letov, O. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-1-72-75.
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BOICHENKO, Nataliia. "ETHICS IN THE TIME OF GLOBAL DISASTERS." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.8.
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The situation around Ukraine can be described now as a «global disaster». Outlining the range of ethical and bioethical problems caused by military action, the security issues of our citizens come to the fore (especially vulnerable categories - children, the elderlypeople, people with special needs, pregnant women); problems caused by the inability to provide medical care (from lack of resources and medical staff to lack of ways to evacuate the wounded); environmental problems caused by the actions of the aggressor; problems arising from forced migration. Despite the ethnic, religious, socio-cultural and moral differences of different members of modern society, there is a need for a new understanding of tolerance and its limits, which can be realized through the use of ethical theories of distributive justiceandvirtue ethics. Key words: ethical theories, bioethics, virtue ethics, global disasters
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Falko, V. I. "NEW ETHICS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROBLEMS THE SENSE OF EXISTENCE AND THE VALUES OF LIFE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-99-102.
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Many new ethical concepts, trying to overcome the shortcomings of the ontological substantiation of ethics in classical teachings and modern alternative theories to them, return ethical thought to the eternal questions of the meaning of being of all things and the value of the life of man and other beings and offer extended interpretations of ontology. In modern mass and theoretical moral consciousness, the absolutization of the value of the new, the future as such, and the approval of the criteria for the morality of actions in maintaining openness to the onset of a new being, are spreading. Thus, man and society are transformed into a function of chaotic events that have nothing in common with the entire history of mankind and the personality of the subject and their loss of their being. The ontology of the creativity of being as the co-existence of meta-moments of the past, present and future in a singlemode concept of time, based on moral practice, is proposed.
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Pustovit, S. V. "IMPERATIVE OF SELF-VALUE FOR THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LIFE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-85-88.
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The article considers the theoretical prerequisites and foundations for the formation of the imperative of selfvalue of representatives of life in the context of modern environmental ethics. It is concluded that all subjects of life have intrinsic value, and the goal of the new ecological ethics is survival, the preservation of life in its various forms based on the recognition of their intrinsic value. The deontology of I. Kant, the ethics of intersubjectivity of J. Habermas, the principle of responsibility of G. Jonas, the concept of holistic ethics and the common world of all living beings of K.-M. Meyer-Abich are considered as theoretical foundations of self-value imperative.
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Capello, Maria Angela, and C. Susan Howes. "Evolution of Ethics Frameworks in the Oil and Gas Organizations and Professional Societies." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209950-ms.
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Abstract The term "ethics" as a set of rules is used in the professional world as well as in professional societies to establish what is acceptable or not, in terms of ethical professional behavior. This paper explores how the practices and codification of practices related to professional practice have evolved in the Oil and Gas sector, with emphasis on professional societies. The analysis was performed summarizing the history of ethics in general, as applicable to the Oil and Gas sector. Then, research was conducted on how the several important corporations in the upstream or downstream of oil and gas initiated and evolved their own ethical codes. We also explored how the academic world has engaged in issuing Codes of Ethics that govern the behavior of both students and faculty members at the institutional and department level. A special emphasis was placed in the investigation of the evolution of the Code of Ethics of the main professional societies and organizations related to the Oil and Gas Sector, centered on SPE, and including AAPG (the American Association of Petroleum Geologists), SEG (the Societu of Exploration Geophsyicists), EAGE (the European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers) and other relevant ones. The conclusions point to a realization that the ethical codes analyzed evolved, following societal changes, in relation to under-represented groups in terms of gender, race, nationality, age, religion and ethnicity, as well as in relation to the expansion of the industry to more and new geographical areas. Currently, almost all organizations and professional societies have a Code of Ethics that profiles their main values and sets a frame for what is or not appropriate in advancing their activities. The Code of Ethics were gradually expanded, spelling out further specific rules, often called "Statements" like "Sexual Harassment," "Bribery" and "Human Rights" statements, aiming to address a variety of specific issues. The Code of Ethics, along the specific self-disclosure statements, are the ethical framework of organizations in Oil and Gas for guiding employees and stakeholders towards: –Alignment with Corporate and/or Academic Values.–Clarification of the Value Proposition for employees and/or prospective students.–Response to societal trends like "MeToo," "BlackLivesMatter," and others.–Rejection of modern issues affecting some industrial segments like Modern Work Slavery.–Enhancement of the corporate prestige and rankings in ESG (environmental, Society and Governance) grounding disclosures useful for investment decisions Our paper is a contribution to share information and raise our collective awareness in the profession about what is the current practice in Oil and Gas regarding Codes of Ethics of Corporations and Professional Societies, how they have evolved, and what are the current and future challenges and opportunities, to expand solid and useful ethics frameworks in the context of the present rapid social transformation.
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Grosu, Corina, and Marta Grosu. "WHENEVER, WHEREVER OR... IN THE CLASSROOM ONLY? E-LEARNING -BASED EVALUATION IN MATHEMATICS: INCREASED FLEXIBILITY VERSUS MEETING ETHICS STANDARDS." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-010.
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A crucial element in teaching Mathematics, either using the classical approach or the e-learning methodology, is the issue of the chosen type of evaluation. Knowledge acquisition and capability of using it in new contexts are the key aspects an adequate revision test would need to verify. Online evaluation systems give the student the opportunity to choose the space and the moment when they take the test, thus enabling them to achieve better mental preparation, increased focus and concentration and most often, overall better results. Nevertheless, it seems that a teacher can accurately judge over the capability of performing a logical argumentation only in a class given traditional paper-based test. In order to depart from such an approach and advocate for incorporating modern forms of examination in a traditional teaching first year university course in Mathematics, we have initialized a large consultation with the beneficiaries, namely the students. The questionnaire we developed and some of the surprising conclusions our research revealed are the main elements on which this paper is based. Since our aim was to cover a wide range of problems related to the design & administration of an online test, students from two different series were asked to provide 5 reasons for using an online testing, along with 5 reasons against this type of testing. In order to stimulate students in giving innovative pro or against reasons, those who made original contributions were publicly praised in the discussion which followed the completion of the initial questionnaire. The problems raised by students can be grouped in three main categories: technical and software problems, design and implementation issues, and environmental, as well as adaptation and accommodation aspects. Nevertheless these different problems appear to have different weights in students' perception. As such, second in importance, but present in all answers, was the concern for unethical practices and fraud. We are thus considering possible strategies and suggestions aiming at stopping or at least diminishing such practices. Issues such as whether stricter anti-fraud guidelines would decrease the test's accessibility and possible ways of achieving a balance between student's desire for more flexibility and essential evaluation criteria such as fairness and accuracy are also discussed in the present paper.
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Sannikova, Inna N. "Continuing Professional Ethics Education In Accounting And Auditing." In II International Scientific and Practical Conference "Individual and Society in the Modern Geopolitical Environment" Conference. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.04.93.
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Roostalu, Lea. "ACCOUNTING IN THE XVI CENTURY FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF ETHICS AND SUSTANABILITY: AN ESTONIAN CASE STUDY." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b2/v4/17.
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"This case study is based on two accounting books that belonged to merchant Matteus Spielmann, which are preserved in the Tallinn City Archives and date from 1568-1570. Ever since Luca Pacioli’s famous 1494 textbook on accounting (the so-called Summa de arithmetica, geometry, proportioni et proportionalita), ethics has served as one of the foundations of accounting [1]. Business ethics and sustainability are related, in some ways characterizing corporate social responsibility. For example, Garriga and Melé claim that the theory of sustainable development belongs to the ethical theories of corporate social responsibility, concentrating on ethical values and responsibility [2]. The aim of this paper was to determine how Spielmann’s accounting books reflect ethics and sustainability. In order to assess sustainability, Talcott Parsons’s paradigm about the continuity of social systems was applied. According to Parsons [3], a harmony or balance must exist between the main functions of social systems: adaptation to the environment (A), goals attainment (G), social integration (I), and latent pattern maintenance or latency of values (L). In her doctoral thesis, Roostalu proved that Parsons’s AGIL paradigm describes a general system of sustainability and it is applicable when preparing four-dimensional sustainability models [4]. In this paper, a four-dimensional content model was also prepared, and qualitative content analysis was used. The results of the case study show that Spielmann’s accounting books are quite transparent and include several sustainability indicators. Moreover, it appears that the dimensions of the sustainability model are in harmony with each other, which indicates strong sustainability orientation in these accounting books dating from the Middle Ages."
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GARȘTEA, Nina. "Online communication and the ethical significance of teachers." In Ştiință și educație: noi abordări și perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.v2.24-25-03-2023.p292-297.
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The new conception of online didactic communication owes its establishment to the current dynamic, technological and globalized environment. Universities are facing new challenges that raise various requirements for the development of learning environments, as well as for the most effective way of communication. Replacing face-to-face communication with virtual communication is a big change in learning. Online teaching can be done by the synchronous method and the asynchronous method, both of them having advantages and disadvantages. Experience in the virtual auditorium, patience, empathy, concern for students, excellent presentation skills, proper use of available platforms and tools with easy-to-use features are just some of the qualities and skills required for the teaching staff to manage the online teaching-learning-assessment process. At the same time, the professional experience of the teaching staff and their ability to adapt to the new are important aspects while running the communication activities in the online version, which intrinsically involve ethical aspects, as well. The essential values that a modern code of ethics promotes within the education system, also valid for online communication, refer to integrity, honesty, respect and responsibility.
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Zhanguzhinova, Meruyert, Bagdat Akylbekova, Sabit Kurmanbekov, Nazerke Kumargaliyeva, and Nazerke Kairbekkyzy. "Innovative Trends in Ethno-Costumology in the Modern Theater Process." In 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.023.
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This article examines the topicality of ethno-costumes in the context of the modern theatrical process. The aim of the study is to conduct a theoretical and methodological study of the problems of ethno-costumeology in the context of the modern theatrical process. The scientific and theoretical methodology of the research include the theoretical foundations of ethno-costumes, concepts of the modern theatrical process, methodological aspects of ethno-costumes, innovative directions of ethno-costumes, artistic principles of creating an ethnocostume. Scientific and theoretical methods were used: socio-cultural, historical, semiotic, ethnographic, formal-stylistic analysis, ekphrasis, attribution of an ethnic costume, observation, interpretation of an ethnic costume in the theatrical process. The practical methods: research of innovative technologies in the design of ethnic costume in the context of the modern theatrical process, which make up various types of 3D modelling and visualization. The result of the study is: the application of the obtained scientifically grounded methodological foundations in the method of designing an ethnic costume in the production process of the Kazakh Drama Theater named after S. Seifullin in the city of Karaganda. The significance of the results is in the study and identification of methodological aspects in innovative areas of ethno-costumology within the framework of the modern theatrical process.
Reports on the topic "Modern environmental ethics"
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Carrera-Marquis, Daniela. Banking on Global Sustainability: A Sustainable Downscaling Strategy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008448.
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Adequate financial markets are fundamental to sustainable development. Accurate capital allocation requires return on investment incorporates the social and environmental variables impacting, negatively or positively, such investment. Values-based capital allocation relies on sound corporate governance structures guiding the decision-making process towards sustainability objectives, not shortterm returns. One where the use of natural capital preserves the stock of capital, assuring that all generations live-off the income-flow. Concurrently financial markets, especially in emerging markets, should further engage in growth and redistribution models to create wealth for and inclusion of SMEs. Long-term financial sustainability is then aligned with environmental sustainability and social inclusion. Enhancing the potential of formal and informal SMEs requires strengthening credit channels. With the implementation of downscaling strategies, financial institutions (FIs) contribute to address existing levels of inequality while supporting the sustainable development path. At the same time FIs have the opportunity to impact the public policy dialogue regarding SMEs formalization. Formalized SMEs are in a better position to grow, to have higher labor and capital demand and productivity. For FIs this implies a market expansion. For society, higher productivity and more equitable growth contribute to a better income distribution and closing the inequality gap. Redefining the financial sector¿s role is relevant for all stakeholders. Is not a choice, is the ethical response. FIs have to acknowledge their impact on society and the environment carries greatresponsibility and that their legitimacy as agents of social change, depends on the realization that their role goes beyond the traditional financial intermediation.
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Lamina, Toyin, Hamdi I. Abdi, Kathryn Behrens, Kathleen Call, Amy M. Claussen, Janette Dill, Stuart W. Grande, et al. Strategies To Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare: An Evidence Map. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb46.
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Background. Racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare continue to endure in the United States despite efforts in research, practice, and policy. Interventions targeted at patients, clinicians, and/or health systems may offer ways to address disparities and improve health outcomes in prevention/treatment of chronic conditions in adults. Purpose. This evidence map identifies existing interventions to be considered for implementation by healthcare system leaders and policymakers, and to inform researchers and funding agencies on gaps in knowledge and research needs. Methods. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus from January 2017 through April 2023 for U.S.-based studies from the peer-reviewed published literature. We incorporated supplementary information from systematic reviews. We supplemented this with the gray literature, when available, from pertinent organizations, foundations, and institutes. We held discussions with Key Informants who represented stakeholders in healthcare disparities. Findings. A vast and varied literature addresses healthcare system interventions to reduce racial and ethnic health and healthcare disparities. We identified 163 unique studies from 174 reports, and 12 intervention types not mutually exclusive in their descriptions. The most studied intervention type was self-management support, followed by prevention/lifestyle support, then patient navigation, care coordination, and system level quality improvement (QI). Most of the interventions specifically targeted patient behaviors. Few studies (5) used a comparator, which made it difficult to determine whether disparities between groups were reduced or eliminated. Most of the studies (45%) included multiple race/ethnic groups (i.e., enrolled participants from more than one racially/ethnically minoritized group or enrolled racially minoritized people and non-minoritized groups). We found few studies that exclusively enrolled Asians (6%) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (1%). Cancer was the most studied chronic condition. Randomized controlled trials were common; but less rigorous study designs were often used for system level quality improvement (QI) and collaborative care model interventions. Few studies reported patient experience as primary outcomes. Studies did not report on harms or adverse events and nor did they report on factors necessary for determining applicability or sustainability of the interventions. A number of studies reported on cultural adaptation or community involvement (either partnership or collaboration). Future studies should seek to standardize the terms in which they describe interventions and aim to specifically address whether disparities between groups are reduced or eliminated. Nonetheless, this evidence map provides a resource for health systems to identify intervention approaches that have been examined elsewhere and that might be imported or adapted to new situations and environments.
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Saez, Raul, Antoni Estevadeordal, and Junichi Goto. The New Regionalism in the Americas: The Case of MERCOSUR. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011101.
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This paper takes seriously the recent claim made by Ethier [1998] that the "New Regionalism" reflects the success of the multilateral trading system, not its failure. In fact, the New Regionalism represents a qualitative departure of the old regionalism in several respects, in particular, its development has taken place in a very different international economic environment. Moreover, the traditional Vinerian paradigm is no longer the primary analytical framework for its evaluation. We use this novel approach to analyze the case of one of the most important experiences in regional integration, the formation of the "Mercado Común del Sur" (MERCOSUR). The paper carefully documents the main stylized facts of the development of MERCOSUR arguing that this makes this type of agreement a prime example of the New Regionalism. Then, using a simple Krugman trade model with tariff distortions we show the positive welfare effects on member and non-member countries of these types of agreements. Our conclusions are consistent with Ethier's paper, that is, regionalism can play a key role in expanding and preserving the liberal trade order.
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Reeve, Tammy. Pitfalls of Designing, Developing, and Maintaining Modular Avionics Systems in the Name of Sustainability. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2024010.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Sustainability is both an ethical responsibility and business concern for the aerospace industry. Military and commercial avionics developers have pushed toward a common standard for interfaces, computing platforms, and software in hopes of having “reusability” and reducing weight with backplane computing architectures which, in theory, would support commonality across aircraft systems. The integrated modular avionics (IMA) and military Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE) standards are two such examples. They emerged to support common computing architectures for reuse and sustainability concepts, from the beginning of aircraft development to the sundown or mortality phase.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Pitfalls of Designing, Developing, and Maintaining Modular Avionics Systems in the Name of Sustainability</b> looks at technological, organizational, and cultural challenges making reuse and IMA platform models difficult to fully realize their sustainability goals. Additionally, it considers the certification aspects of reuse and examines lessons learned from a successful reusable and sustainable platform.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Buesseler, Buessele, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, et al. Paths forward for exploring ocean iron fertilization. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/67120.
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We need a new way of talking about global warming. UN Secretary General António Guterres underscored this when he said the “era of global boiling” has arrived. Although we have made remarkable progress on a very complex problem over the past thirty years, we have a long way to go before we can keep the global temperature increase to below 2°C relative to the pre-industrial times. Climate models suggest that this next decade is critical if we are to avert the worst consequences of climate change. The world must continue to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and find ways to adapt and build resilience among vulnerable communities. At the same time, we need to find new ways to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order to chart a “net negative” emissions pathway. Given their large capacity for carbon storage, the oceans must be included in consideration of our multiple carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options. This report focused on ocean iron fertilization (OIF) for marine CDR. This is by no means a new scientific endeavor. Several members of ExOIS (Exploring Ocean Iron Solutions) have been studying this issue for decades, but the emergence of runaway climate impacts has motivated this group to consider a responsible path forward for marine CDR. That path needs to ensure that future choices are based upon the best science and social considerations required to reduce human suffering and counter economic and ecological losses, while limiting and even reversing the negative impacts that climate change is already having on the ocean and the rest of the planet. Prior studies have confirmed that the addition of small amounts of iron in some parts of the ocean is effective at stimulating phytoplankton growth. Through enhanced photosynthesis, carbon dioxide can not only be removed from the atmosphere but a fraction can also be transferred to durable storage in the deep sea. However, prior studies were not designed to quantify how effective this storage can be, or how wise OIF might be as a marine CDR approach. ExOIS is a consortium that was created in 2022 to consider what OIF studies are needed to answer critical questions about the potential efficiency and ecological impacts of marine CDR (http://oceaniron.org). Owing to concerns surrounding the ethics of marine CDR, ExOIS is organized around a responsible code of conduct that prioritizes activities for the collective benefit of our planet with an emphasis on open and transparent studies that include public engagement. Our goal is to establish open-source conventions for implementing OIF for marine CDR that can be assessed with appropriate monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols, going beyond just carbon accounting, to assess ecological and other non-carbon environmental effects (eMRV). As urgent as this is, it will still take 5 to 10 years of intensive work and considerable resources to accomplish this goal. We present here a “Paths Forward’’ report that stems from a week-long workshop held at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in May 2023 that was attended by international experts spanning atmospheric, oceanographic, and social sciences as well as legal specialists (see inside back cover). At the workshop, we reviewed prior OIF studies, distilled the lessons learned, and proposed several paths forward over the next decade to lay the foundation for evaluating OIF for marine CDR. Our discussion very quickly resulted in a recommendation for the need to establish multiple “Ocean Iron Observatories’’ where, through observations and modeling, we would be able to assess with a high degree of certainty both the durable removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide—which we term the “centennial tonne”—and the ecological response of the ocean. In a five-year phase I period, we prioritize five major research activities: 1. Next generation field studies: Studies of long-term (durable) carbon storage will need to be longer (year or more) and larger (>10,000 km2) than past experiments, organized around existing tools and models, but with greater reliance on autonomous platforms. While prior studies suggested that ocean systems return to ambient conditions once iron infusion is stopped, this needs to be verified. We suggest that these next field experiments take place in the NE Pacific to assess the processes controlling carbon removal efficiencies, as well as the intended and unintended ecological and geochemical consequences. 2. Regional, global and field study modeling Incorporation of new observations and model intercomparisons are essential to accurately represent how iron cycling processes regulate OIF effects on marine ecosystems and carbon sequestration, to support experimental planning for large-scale MRV, and to guide decision making on marine CDR choices. 3. New forms of iron and delivery mechanisms Rigorous testing and comparison of new forms of iron and their potential delivery mechanisms is needed to optimize phytoplankton growth while minimizing the financial and carbon costs of OIF. Efficiency gains are expected to generate responses closer to those of natural OIF events. 4. Monitoring, reporting, and verification: Advances in observational technologies and platforms are needed to support the development, validation, and maintenance of models required for MRV of large-scale OIF deployment. In addition to tracking carbon storage and efficiency, prioritizing eMRV will be key to developing regulated carbon markets. 5. Governance and stakeholder engagement: Attention to social dimensions, governance, and stakeholder perceptions will be essential from the start, with particular emphasis on expanding the diversity of groups engaged in marine CDR across the globe. This feedback will be a critical component underlying future decisions about whether to proceed, or not, with OIF for marine CDR. Paramount in the plan is the need to move carefully. Our goal is to conduct these five activities in parallel to inform decisions steering the establishment of ocean iron observatories at multiple locations in phase II. When completed, this decadal plan will provide a rich knowledge base to guide decisions about if, when, where, and under what conditions OIF might be responsibly implemented for marine CDR. The consensus of our workshop and this report is that now is the time for actionable studies to begin. Quite simply, we suggest that some form of marine CDR will be essential to slow down and reverse the most severe consequences of our disrupted climate. OIF has the potential to be one of these climate mitigation strategies. We have the opportunity and obligation to invest in the knowledge necessary to ensure that we can make scientifically and ethically sound decisions for the future of our planet.
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Research Libraries Guiding Principles for Artificial Intelligence. Association of Research Libraries, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/principles.ai2024.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and in particular, generative AI, have significant potential to improve access to information and advance openness in research outputs. AI also has the potential to disrupt information landscapes and the communities that research libraries support and serve. The increasing availability of AI models sparks many possibilities and raises several ethical, professional, and legal considerations. Articulating a set of research library guiding principles for AI is useful to influence policy and advocate for the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies, promote ethical and transparent practices, and build trust among stakeholders, within research libraries as well as across the research environment. These principles will serve as a foundational framework for the ethical and transparent use of AI and reflect the values we hold in research libraries. ARL will rely on these principles in our policy advocacy and engagement.
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Collective Tenure Rights in Colombia’s Peace Agreement and Climate Policy Commitments. Rights and Resources Initiative, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/yzuu8847.
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Between June and August 2016, the Colombian government made two announcements that will profoundly change the country. After four years of peace negotiations with the FARC guerillas, President Santos announced the Acuerdo final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera [Final Peace Accord for the Conclusion of the Conflict and the Construction of Stable and Lasting Peace], moving the country toward the end of one of the longest internal conflicts in the history of the Americas. In the months prior to this announcement, the Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible [Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development] also officially launched the Visión Amazonía 2020 Program, a low-carbon sustainable development model for the Amazon region. This program is part of the country’s commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent by the year 2030. Both announcements, linked to profound historic changes in the country, will generate new proposals related to sustainable development, agriculture, and access to land. They will also raise the question of what institutional changes are needed to effectively respond to these new challenges and opportunities. Given that the implementation of both of these initiatives will coalesce in the territories of the various rural and ethnic populations in the country, it will be necessary to directly address the crucial issue of guaranteeing indigenous and Afro-descendant communities’ collective rights. This issue will be central to effective implementation of the post-peace accord and climate policies, as well as in achieving economic, social, and environmental sustainability.