Academic literature on the topic 'Modern and extended evolutionary synthesis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modern and extended evolutionary synthesis"
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Olson, Mark E. "Plant Evolutionary Ecology in the Age of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz042.
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AbstractPlant ecology is increasingly turning to evolutionary questions, just as evolutionary biology pushes out of the strictures of the Modern Synthesis into what some regard as an “Extended Evolutionary Synthesis.” As plant ecology becomes increasingly evolutionary, it is essential to ask how aspects of the Extended Synthesis might impinge on plant ecological theory and practice. I examine the contribution of plant evolutionary ecology to niche construction theory, as well as the potential for developmental systems theory and genes-as-followers adaptive evolution, all important post-Modern Synthesis themes, in providing novel perspectives for plant evolutionary ecology. I also examine ways that overcoming dichotomies such as “genetic vs. plastic” and “constraint vs. adaptation” provide fertile opportunities for plant evolutionary ecologists. Along the same lines, outgrowing vague concepts such as “stress” and replacing them with more precise terminology in all cases provides vastly increased causal clarity. As a result, the synthetic path that plant ecologists are blazing, becoming more evolutionary every year, bodes extremely well for the field, with vast potential for expansion into important scientific territory.
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Prentiss, Anna Marie. "Theoretical plurality, the extended evolutionary synthesis, and archaeology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): e2006564118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006564118.
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The study of cultural evolution now includes multiple theoretical frameworks. Despite common influence from Darwinian evolutionary theory, there is considerable diversity. Thus, we recognize those most influenced by the tenets of the Modern Synthesis (evolutionary archaeology, cultural transmission theory, and human behavioral ecology) and those most aligned more closely with concepts emerging in the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (cultural macroevolution and evolutionary cognitive archaeology). There has been substantial debate between adherents of these schools of thought as to their appropriateness and priority for addressing the fundamentals of cultural evolution. I argue that theoretical diversity is necessary to address research questions arising from a complex archaeological record. Concepts associated with the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis may offer unique insights into the cultural evolutionary process.
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Szokolszky, Ágnes, and Zsolt Palatinus. "Changing views of evolution and their consequences for psychology. From the Modern Synthesis to the Extended Synthesis, and beyond." Transylvanian Journal of Psychology 20, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 3–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tjp.xx.2.1.
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Reductionist viewpoints have been increasingly replaced by complex systems viewpoints in biological theory and methodology since the turn of the millennium. This tendency has also been reflected in thinking about evolution. Just as the defining evolutionary synthesis of the 20th century - the Modern Synthesis - was born out of the integration of the most up-to-date knowledge of the times, so does a recently emerging new synthesis build on most recent genetic-epigenetic, genomic, eco-devo-evolutionary findings. The "Extended Synthesis" (Pigliucci & Müller, 2010) builds on current understanding of genes, heredity, and multiple evolutionary processes. In this framework, an extended interpretation is offered based on the integration of evolutionary and ecosystem-level processes into the explanation of evolution. In this paper, we aim to review the paths leading to the Extended Synthesis. We aim to present a historically embedded, concise overview of the major issues and developments related to the changing perspectives. The final point of the discussion eventually raises the question: How does psychology relate to the extended view of evolution?
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Müller, Gerd B. "Why an extended evolutionary synthesis is necessary." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20170015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0015.
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Since the last major theoretical integration in evolutionary biology—the modern synthesis (MS) of the 1940s—the biosciences have made significant advances. The rise of molecular biology and evolutionary developmental biology, the recognition of ecological development, niche construction and multiple inheritance systems, the ‘-omics’ revolution and the science of systems biology, among other developments, have provided a wealth of new knowledge about the factors responsible for evolutionary change. Some of these results are in agreement with the standard theory and others reveal different properties of the evolutionary process. A renewed and extended theoretical synthesis, advocated by several authors in this issue, aims to unite pertinent concepts that emerge from the novel fields with elements of the standard theory. The resulting theoretical framework differs from the latter in its core logic and predictive capacities. Whereas the MS theory and its various amendments concentrate on genetic and adaptive variation in populations, the extended framework emphasizes the role of constructive processes, ecological interactions and systems dynamics in the evolution of organismal complexity as well as its social and cultural conditions. Single-level and unilinear causation is replaced by multilevel and reciprocal causation. Among other consequences, the extended framework overcomes many of the limitations of traditional gene-centric explanation and entails a revised understanding of the role of natural selection in the evolutionary process. All these features stimulate research into new areas of evolutionary biology.
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Pigliucci, Massimo. "Biology's last paradigm shift. The transition from natural theology to Darwinism." PARADIGMI, no. 3 (December 2012): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2012-003004.
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Evolutionary theory went through several phases ever since the publication of the original Darwin-Wallace paper, including neo-Darwinism, the Modern Synthesis and, possibly, a currently ongoing Extended Synthesis. In this paper I tackle the question of whether evolutionary biology ever underwent anything like a Kuhn-style paradigm shift. I conclude that it did not, and is not likely to do so in the future, although a paradigmlike shift did occur early on, at the transition between natural theology and Darwinism. Parole chiave: Darwinismo, Paradigmi, Sintesi estesa, Sintesi moderna, Teologia naturale
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Antón, Susan C., and Christopher W. Kuzawa. "Early Homo , plasticity and the extended evolutionary synthesis." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20170004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0004.
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The Modern Synthesis led to fundamental advances in understandings of human evolution. For human palaeontology, a science that works from ancestral phenotypes (i.e. the fossil record), particularly important have been perspectives used to help understand the heritable aspects of phenotypes and how fossil individuals might then be aggregated into species, and relationships among these groups understood. This focus, coupled with the fragmentary nature of the fossil record, however, means that individual phenotypic variation is often treated as unimportant ‘noise’, rather than as a source of insight into population adaptation and evolutionary process. The emphasis of the extended evolutionary synthesis on plasticity as a source of phenotypic novelty, and the related question of the role of such variation in long-term evolutionary trends, focuses welcome attention on non-genetic means by which novel phenotypes are generated and in so doing provides alternative approaches to interpreting the fossil record. We review evidence from contemporary human populations regarding some of the aspects of adult phenotypes preserved in the fossil record that might be most responsive to non-genetic drivers, and we consider how these perspectives lead to alternate hypotheses for interpreting the fossil record of early genus Homo. We conclude by arguing that paying closer attention to the causes and consequences of intraspecific phenotypic variation in its own right, as opposed to as noise around a species mean, may inspire a new generation of hypotheses regarding species diversity in the Early Pleistocene and the foundations for dispersal and regional diversification in Homo erectus and its descendants .
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Laland, Kevin N., Tobias Uller, Marcus W. Feldman, Kim Sterelny, Gerd B. Müller, Armin Moczek, Eva Jablonka, and John Odling-Smee. "The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1813 (August 22, 2015): 20151019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1019.
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Scientific activities take place within the structured sets of ideas and assumptions that define a field and its practices. The conceptual framework of evolutionary biology emerged with the Modern Synthesis in the early twentieth century and has since expanded into a highly successful research program to explore the processes of diversification and adaptation. Nonetheless, the ability of that framework satisfactorily to accommodate the rapid advances in developmental biology, genomics and ecology has been questioned. We review some of these arguments, focusing on literatures (evo-devo, developmental plasticity, inclusive inheritance and niche construction) whose implications for evolution can be interpreted in two ways—one that preserves the internal structure of contemporary evolutionary theory and one that points towards an alternative conceptual framework. The latter, which we label the ‘extended evolutionary synthesis' (EES), retains the fundaments of evolutionary theory, but differs in its emphasis on the role of constructive processes in development and evolution, and reciprocal portrayals of causation. In the EES, developmental processes, operating through developmental bias, inclusive inheritance and niche construction, share responsibility for the direction and rate of evolution, the origin of character variation and organism–environment complementarity. We spell out the structure, core assumptions and novel predictions of the EES, and show how it can be deployed to stimulate and advance research in those fields that study or use evolutionary biology.
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Dickins, Thomas E., and Qazi Rahman. "The extended evolutionary synthesis and the role of soft inheritance in evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1740 (May 16, 2012): 2913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0273.
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In recent years, a number of researchers have advocated extending the modern synthesis in evolutionary biology. One of the core arguments made in favour of an extension comes from work on soft inheritance systems, including transgenerational epigenetic effects, cultural transmission and niche construction. In this study, we outline this claim and then take issue with it. We argue that the focus on soft inheritance has led to a conflation of proximate and ultimate causation, which has in turn obscured key questions about biological organization and calibration across the life span to maximize average lifetime inclusive fitness. We illustrate this by presenting hypotheses that we believe incorporate the core phenomena of soft inheritance and will aid in understanding them.
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Lamas, Susana Gisela. "El ideal de unificación en biología: el caso de la síntesis evolutiva extendida." Humanities Journal of Valparaiso, no. 14 (December 29, 2019): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rhv2019iss14pp275-286.
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In this article I will analyze whether the so-called Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) represents a synthesis and an extension with respect to its predecessor, Modern Synthesis (MS). It will be argued that the MS proposes an externalist approach to evolution while the EES considers it necessary to overcome the internalism/externalism dichotomy by proposing more integrative approaches. It will be concluded that the EES cannot be considered an extension of MS and that the appeal to that extension is related to sociological aspects and the epistemic value of theoretical unification that was always present in biological evolutionary thinking.
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Lewens, Tim. "The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: what is the debate about, and what might success for the extenders look like?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 127, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz064.
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Abstract Debate over the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) ranges over three quite different domains of enquiry. Protagonists are committed to substantive positions regarding (1) empirical questions concerning (for example) the properties and prevalence of systems of epigenetic inheritance; (2) historical characterizations of the modern synthesis; and (3) conceptual/philosophical matters concerning (among other things) the nature of evolutionary processes, and the relationship between selection and adaptation. With these different aspects of the debate in view, it is possible to demonstrate the range of cross-cutting positions on offer when well-informed evolutionists consider their stance on the EES. This overview of the multiple dimensions of debate also enables clarification of two philosophical elements of the EES debate, regarding the status of niche-construction and the role of selection in explaining adaptation. Finally, it points the way to a possible resolution of the EES debate, via a pragmatic approach to evolutionary enquiry.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modern and extended evolutionary synthesis"
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SERRELLI, EMANUELE. "Adaptive landscapes: a case study of metaphors, models, and synthesis in evolutionary biology." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19338.
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This dissertation brings a contribution to the philosophical debate on adaptive landscapes, an influent "model" or "metaphor" in evolutionary biology. Some elements of innovation are: the distinction between native and migrant metaphor; a processual and communicational idea on what the Modern Synthesis was, and on what role a metaphor could have played in it; a view (taken by Richard Lewontin) of the disunity and theoretical structure of population genetics; the distinction between “adaptive surfaces” (mainly metaphors) and “combination spaces”, two terms normally conflated in the word “landscape”; an analysis of what bridges (including heuristics) may be cast between equations of gene frequency and the genotype space that, due to its huge dimensionality, cannot be handled by mathematics; a specified vocabulary to be used to clear the adaptive landscapes debate, accompanied by a plea in favor of a pragmatic approach - for example, the plurality of available notions of model forces us to choose one notion and see where it brings, otherwise we get stuck in confused, endless debates; an updated analytical comment of recent landscapes - Dobzhansky, Simpson, Dawkins but also the proliferation of combination spaces used in evolutionary biology to address a great variety of problems; the vision (got by Sergey Gavrilets) of a patchwork of tools finally making Mendelian population suitable model also for speciation; the exact position of holey landscapes in this patchwork, and the idea that scientists’s questions - like “how possibly” questions - matter in accessing this patchwork and in deciding “what explains” and “what describes” what in the world; the direct response to some mistakes Massimo Pigliucci made, I think, in his assessment of the adaptive landscape; an analysis of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis project at its present stage, and some reflections on the conditions that will allow such a project to give a fair treatment and a good position to tools from the past, like the adaptive landscapes.
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TARDITI, SPAGNOLI GIORGIO. "Nurture becomes nature: the evolving place of psychology in the theory of evolution." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/80377.
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The thesis here presented establishes a triple parallelism between biology and psychology. First, through Haeckel's recapitulation theory as the source of freudian and jungian psychology. Second, from the reductionist view of science to the new phenomenology of evolutionary developmental biology. Third, by overcoming the reductionist paradigm in biology through the Extended Synthesis and in psychology though the revisited archetype theory. By establishing these parallelisms, the thesis faces the nature vs. nurture debate on three epistemological levels, in which the external and internal levels are being mediatied by a middle one. This turns the dualistic debate into a heuristic paradigm aimed to resolve any irreducible dualism inherent in the reductionist view
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Jackson, Illiam. "Morphometric analysis of Cambrian fossils and its evolutionary significance." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Paleobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319487.
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The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) is currently emerging as a theoretical alternative to the Modern Synthesis (MS) in which to frame evolutionary observations and interpretations. These alternative frameworks differ fundamentally in their understanding of the relative roles of the genotype, phenotype, development and environment in evolutionary processes and patterns. While the MS represents a gene-centred view of evolution, the EES instead emphasizes the interactions between organism, development and environment. This novel theoretical framework has generated a number of evolutionary predictions that are mutually incompatible with the equivalent of the MS. While research and empirical testing has begun on a number of these in a neontological context, the field of palaeontology has yet to contribute meaningfully to this endeavour. One of the reasons for this is a lack of methodological approaches capable of investigating relevant evolutionary patterns in the fossil record. In this thesis morphometric methods capable of providing relevant data are developed and employed in the analysis of Cambrian fossils. Results of these analyses provide empirical support for the process of evolution through phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation hypothesized by the EES. Furthermore, theoretical revision to the species concept in a palaeontological context is suggested. Finally, predictions of the EES specific to the fossil record are made explicit and promising directions of future research are outlined.
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Racovski, T. "Evolutionary novelty : a philosophical and historical investigation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/35377.
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Evolutionary novelty, the origin of new characters such as the turtle shell or the flower, is a fundamental problem for an evolutionary view of life. Accordingly, it is a central research topic in contemporary biology involving input from several biological disciplines and explanations at several levels of organization. As such it raises questions relative to scientific collaboration and multi-level explanations. Novelty is also involved in theoretical debates in evolutionary biology. It has been appropriated by evo-devo, a scientific synthesis linking research on evolution and development. Thanks to its focus on development, evo-devo claims to explain the mechanistic origin of novelties as new forms, while the Modern Synthesis can only provide statistical explanation of evolutionary change. The origin of an evolutionary novelty is a historical emergence of a new character involving form and function. I focus on three neglected dimensions of the problem of novelty, the functional-historical approach to the problem, research on novelty in the Modern Synthesis era and novelty in plants. I compare the evo-devo approach to novelty to a functional-historical approach of novelty. I focus on its origin in Darwin and its presence in the Modern Synthesis. The comparison of the two approaches reveals distance between conceptual frameworks and proximity in explanatory practices. This is partly related to unwarranted conceptual opposition. In particular, I list several ways of distinguishing novelty and adaptation, some of which are not conceptually sound. I then focus on the relation between novelty and adaptation in the Modern Synthesis era, and on the relation of novelty to other fundamental biological problems (speciation, origin of higher taxa, complexity). Pushing this approach further, I challenge the view that the Modern Synthesis excluded development and reached a hardened consensus. Finally, I analyse how Günter Wagner's developmental theory of novelty applies to novelties in plant.
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Santos, Cíntia Graziela. "Da teoria sintética da evolução à síntese estendida: o papel da plasticidade fenotípica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-05112015-100804/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa histórica é inicialmente descrever um importante evento (A Síntese moderna) que ocorreu na biologia no período entre guerras. Os biólogos evolutivos chegaram a um acordo sob vários aspectos tais como: o gradualismo do processo evolutivo, o conceito de população e fatores ecológicos, dentre outros. Em segundo lugar, introduzir a chamada Síntese expandida analisando um de seus pressupostos a plasticidade fenotípica e seus antecedentes históricos. Procurará elucidar se algumas ideias relacionadas à plasticidade fenotípica já estavam presentes no início do século XX como alegam alguns autores. Além disso, se essas ideias estavam presentes em trabalhos publicados durante o período da Síntese. Esta tese compreende uma Introdução e seis capítulos. A Introdução apresenta o escopo, metodologia e objetivos da pesquisa. O Capítulo 1 apresenta a Síntese evolutiva e suas relações com a Síntese expandida, introduzindo a plasticidade fenotípica. O Capítulo 2 discute os antecedentes históricos da plasticidade fenotípica. O Capítulo 3 descreve alguns experimentos relacionados à plasticidade fenotípica realizados no início do século XX, focalizando as contribuições de Richard Woltereck. O Capítulo 4 analisa as pesquisas relacionadas ao assunto, desenvolvidas nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 por Ivan I. Schmalhausen e Conrad Waddington. O Capítulo 5 lida principalmente com as pesquisas voltadas à plasticidade fenotípica desenvolvidas na década de 1960 por Anthony D. Bradshaw. O Capítulo 6 esboça um panorama das pesquisas relacionadas ao assunto desenvolvidas após a década de 1960. O Capítulo 7 apresenta algumas considerações sobre o que foi discutido nesta tese. Esta pesquisa leva à conclusão de que algumas ideias que podem ser relacionadas à concepção de plasticidade fenotípica já estavam presentes no final do século XIX. A partir daí, houve mudanças em relação à sua abrangência e terminologia. Concepções relacionadas à plasticidade fenotípica também podem ser encontradas durante o período da Síntese em alguns autores como Schmalhausen, por exemplo. Talvez devido a razões de ordem política elas não foram propagadas. Além disso, é possível que não tenham sido compreendidas completamente pela comunidade científica da época.The aim of this historical research is firstly to describe an important event (The Modern synthesis) that took place in biology in the inter-war-years. The evolutionary biologists reached agreement to several respects such as the gradualism of the evolutionary process, the concept of population and ecological factors, among others. Secondly, to introduce the so-called extended synthesis analyzing one of its features - the phenotypic plasticity - and its historical antecedents. It will try to elucidate whether some ideas that could be related to phenotypic plasticity were already present in the beginning of the 20th century as it was claimed by some authors. Besides that, whether such ideas were not present in the works published during the Synthesis period. This thesis comprises an Introduction and six chapters. The Introduction presents the scope of the research, the research method and the aim of the research. Chapter 1 presents the Evolutionary synthesis and its relationship with the Extended synthesis, introducing the phenotypic plasticity. Chapter 2 discusses the historical antecedents of the phenotypic plasticity. Chapter 3 describes some experiments related to phenotypic plasticity performed in the beginning of the 20th century, focusing Richard Woltereck contributions. Chapter 4 analyzes the researches related to the subject performed in the 1940s and 1950s by Ivan I. Schmalhausen and Conrad Waddington. Chapter 5 mainly focuses the inquiries related to phenotypic plasticity made by Anthony D. Bradshaw during the 1960s. Chapter 6 presents an outlook of the researches concerning the subject performed after 1960s. Chapter 7 presents the final remarks concerning the subject of this thesis. This research leads to the conclusion that some ideas that could be related to the conception of phenotypic plasticity were already present in the end of 19th century. From this time onwards there were been made changes mainly related to its scope and terminology. Conceptions related to phenotypic plasticity can also be found during the Synthesis period in some authors such as Schmalhausen. In this case, perhaps due to political reasons they were not propagated. Besides that, it is possibly that they were not completely understood by the scientific community of that time.
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(8817134), Brian P. Hoburg. "Evolution in the Light of Time: Conceptualizing the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis." Thesis, 2020.
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Compelled by converging research in the natural sciences suggesting the stratigraphic nature of time, I argue for a temporal approach to the venerable problem of synthesis in evolutionary theory. Geneticist and pioneer of the Modern Synthesis (MS), Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975), constructed one of the most powerful synthesis arguments in the history of evolutionary biology in the classic “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution” (1973). I argue that nothing in evolution makes sense except in the light of time, such that the problem of evolutionary time plays a powerful role in making sense of the conceptual architecture of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES). The EES offers a strong alternative to the temporal and causal idealizations operating at the hardened core of the MS. I create the philosophical concept of stratigraphic time to strengthen connections between the four problem agendas or “causal catchalls” structuring the new synthesis: (1) developmental plasticity, (2) developmental bias, (3) inclusive inheritance, and (4) niche construction (Laland 2015 et al.). The dissertation is driven by two critical arguments (Chapters 1-3) concerning the subordination of time to process, and two constructive arguments (Chapters 4 and 5) concerning the nature of evolutionary time, which together attest to the conceptual strength of a temporal approach to the multiplicity of evolutionary problems pursued by the EES, and especially the connections between them.
Chapter 1, “Embracing the Problematic Structure of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis,” explicates and evaluates the core assumptions of the EES in contrast with those of the MS, which has served as the dominant conceptual framework for evolutionary science and theory since the early twentieth century. Chapter 2, “Deep Time: The Forgotten Frontier,” critically argues that evolutionary time has been subordinated to evolutionary process, that the problem of evolutionary time must be revived after its eclipse at the origin of evolutionary theory, especially due to Darwin’s unnecessarily strict commitments to gradualism, adaptationism, and to the preeminence of natural selection. Chapter 3, “The Chronometric Subordination of Time to Movement in Philosophy, Science, and Society,” critically argues that the subordination of evolutionary time to process is primed by the chronometrically facilitated subordination of time to movement, what mathematician, physicist, and philosopher of science Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) called an unconscious opportunism in philosophical and scientific thought. The constructive arguments unfolded in Chapter 4, “The Continuous Variation of Evolutionary Contingency,” and Chapter 5, “Stratigraphic Time: The Synthesis of Deep and Developmental Rhythms,” attempt to respect causal thinking while conceptualizing evolutionary processes not according to causal laws but rather according to passive and active temporal syntheses (or modes of repetition), effectively delimiting causal thinking to a provisional conceptualization. Stratigraphic time enables conceptualization of the multiplicity of evolutionary process, driven by a new concept of evolutionary contingency. I argue that the roles of chance and causation in the EES are strengthened by concepts of difference and repetition, akin to the conceptual roles played by arrows and cycles of time in the formation of geological and evolutionary thought. These critical and constructive arguments are guided by Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy of time, which he conceptualizes under the rubric of repetition. The three passive and active temporal syntheses, or modes of repetition, Deleuze creates to think the nature of repetition provide conceptual tools for evolutionary synthesis through stratigraphic time.
Books on the topic "Modern and extended evolutionary synthesis"
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1964-, Pigliucci Massimo, and Müller Gerd B, eds. Evolution: The extended synthesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.
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Unfinished synthesis: Biological hierarchies and modern evolutionary thought. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
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Eldredge, Niles. Unfinished synthesis: Biological hierarchies and modern evolutionary thought. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
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Sazhina, Muza, Anna Kashirova, Stanislav Makarov, and Egor Osiop. The social wealth of the innovation system. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1875920.
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The monograph reveals the key socio-economic problems of the innovation economy: its content as a knowledge economy and its role in evolutionary development; human capital (living intelligence) as the main resource of the innovation economy. Much attention is paid to the institutional support of innovation through a system of institutions and mutually beneficial contracts. The mixed mechanism of implementation of innovative activity as a synthesis of spontaneous market self-regulation and conscious public administration is shown. The result of the "social control" of society and the state is the coordination of the actions of economic entities and the ordering of economic processes.
The most important institution of human society is the family as a strong power in the state. And the person himself with his knowledge, culture, ethics and morality is the main value of society. The main purpose of the family is to reproduce life and provide a person with everything necessary. The state as an institution manages a person's education and health, helps to change his lifestyle, strengthening humanity, ethics, morality and culture of life.
The modern global economy remains a sphere of domination of market egoism. It is the market that performs the function of morality as a person and society as a whole. In the global economy, a person is not a representative of the people, but a representative of the system, a standard way of life. And he should live in communication based on respect for each other.
It is concluded that today the main wealth of society is not material, but social wealth: the person himself with his knowledge, culture, ethics and morality is a living intellect; a family with the reproduction of life; immaterial knowledge that covers all types of work that cannot be calculated and paid, where the motive is the joy of free cooperation, free giving and community. In this "invisible economy" people mutually teach each other humanity and create a culture of joint thinking and living together. The State and society must preserve and increase the social wealth of human society.
For students and postgraduates of economic and managerial specialties, as well as for anyone interested in this problem.
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Evolution, the extended synthesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.
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Lamb, Marion J., and Eva Jablonka. Inheritance Systems and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis. Cambridge University Press, 2020.
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Unfinished Synthesis: Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought. Oxford University Press, USA, 1988.
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Eldredge, Niles. Unfinished Synthesis: Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought. Oxford University Press, 1985.
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Lyons, Nathan. Signs in the Dust. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190941260.001.0001.
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Modern thought is characterised, according to Bruno Latour, by a dichotomy of meaningful culture and unmeaning nature. Signs in the Dust uses medieval semiotics to develop a new theory of nature and culture that resists this familiar picture of things. Through readings of Thomas Aquinas, Nicholas of Cusa, and John Poinsot (John of St Thomas), it offers a semiotic analysis of human culture in both its anthropological breadth as an enterprise of creaturely sign-making and its theological height as a finite participation in the Trinity, which can be understood as an absolute ‘cultural nature’. Signs then extends this account of human culture backwards into the natural depth of biological and physical nature. It puts the biosemiotics of its medieval sources, along with Félix Ravaisson’s philosophy of habit, into dialogue with the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis in contemporary biology, to show that a cultural dimension is present through the whole order of nature and the whole of natural history. It also retrieves Aquinas’ doctrine of intentions in the medium to show how signification can be attributed in a diminished way to even inanimate nature. The phenomena of human culture are reconceived then not as breaks with a meaningless nature but instead as heightenings and deepenings of natural movements of meaning that long precede and far exceed us. Against the modern divorce of nature and culture, then, the argument of Signs in the Dust is that culture is natural and nature is cultural, through and through.
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Newman, Stuart A. Toward a Nonidealist Evolutionary Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199377176.003.0006.
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The received model of evolution sees all inherited features resulting from deterministic networks of interacting genes, implying that living systems are reducible to information in genetic programs. The model requires these programs and their associated phenotypes to have evolved by an isotropic search process occurring in gradual steps with no preferred morphological outcomes. The alternative is to recognize that clusters and aggregates of cells, the raw material of evolution, constitute middle-scale material systems. This implies the necessity of bringing the modern physics of mesoscale matter into the explanatory framework for the evolution of development. The relevant, often nonlinear, physical processes were mobilized at the inception of the phyla when their signature morphological outcomes first appeared and remain as efficient causes, albeit transformed, in present-day embryos. This physicogenetic perspective reengages with concepts of saltation, orthogenesis, and environment-induced plasticity long excluded from evolutionary theory.
Book chapters on the topic "Modern and extended evolutionary synthesis"
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Shron, Alina. "Extended evolutionary synthesis." In Historians Without Borders, 59–94. London ; New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge approaches to history: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351244756-7.
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Marchesini, Roberto, and Marco Celentano. "From Evolutionary Epistemology to an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis." In Critical Ethology and Post-Anthropocentric Ethics, 31–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74203-4_2.
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Müller, Gerd B. "Evo-Devo’s Contributions to the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis." In Evolutionary Developmental Biology, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33038-9_39-1.
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Müller, Gerd B. "Evo-Devo’s Contributions to the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis." In Evolutionary Developmental Biology, 1127–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32979-6_39.
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Hemminger, Hansjörg. "Evolution: The Modern Synthesis." In Evolutionary Processes in the Natural History of Religion, 59–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70408-7_5.
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Popov, Igor. "Orthogenesis and the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis." In Orthogenesis versus Darwinism, 73–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95144-7_5.
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Kavish, Nicholas, Kasey Fowler-Finn, and Brian B. Boutwell. "Criminology’s Modern Synthesis: Remaking the Science of Crime with Darwinian Insight." In Evolutionary Psychology, 171–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60576-0_7.
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Hemminger, Hansjörg. "Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, Epigenetics and the Contingency of Evolution." In Evolutionary Processes in the Natural History of Religion, 73–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70408-7_6.
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Lyons, Nathan. "The inflation of nature and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis." In New Directions in Theology and Science, 73–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003240334-4.
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Hamburger, Viktor. "Embryology and the Modern Synthesis in Evolutionary Theory." In Neuroembryology, 334–49. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6743-5_18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Modern and extended evolutionary synthesis"
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Volosyuk, Valeriy, Vladimir Pavlikov, and Cuong Vu Ta. "Synthesis of optimal multiantenna ultra-wideband detector of spatially extended objects." In 2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcset.2016.7452021.
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Yao, Changqing, Hongquan Chen, Akhil Datta-Gupta, Sanjay Mawalkar, Srikanta Mishra, and Ashwin Pasumarti. "Robust CO2 Plume Imaging Using Joint Tomographic Inversion Of Distributed Pressure And Temperature Measurements." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206249-ms.
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Abstract Geologic CO2 sequestration and CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) have received significant attention from the scientific community as a response to climate change from greenhouse gases. Safe and efficient management of a CO2 injection site requires spatio-temporal tracking of the CO2 plume in the reservoir during geologic sequestration. The goal of this paper is to develop robust modeling and monitoring technologies for imaging and visualization of the CO2 plume using routine pressure/temperature measurements. The streamline-based technology has proven to be effective and efficient for reconciling geologic models to various types of reservoir dynamic response. In this paper, we first extend the streamline-based data integration approach to incorporate distributed temperature sensor (DTS) data using the concept of thermal tracer travel time. Then, a hierarchical workflow composed of evolutionary and streamline methods is employed to jointly history match the DTS and pressure data. Finally, CO2 saturation and streamline maps are used to visualize the CO2 plume movement during the sequestration process. The power and utility of our approach are demonstrated using both synthetic and field applications. We first validate the streamline-based DTS data inversion using a synthetic example. Next, the hierarchical workflow is applied to a carbon sequestration project in a carbonate reef reservoir within the Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend in Michigan, USA. The monitoring data set consists of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data acquired at the injection well and a monitoring well, flowing bottom-hole pressure data at the injection well, and time-lapse pressure measurements at several locations along the monitoring well. The history matching results indicate that the CO2 movement is mostly restricted to the intended zones of injection which is consistent with an independent warmback analysis of the temperature data. The novelty of this work is the streamline-based history matching method for the DTS data and its field application to the Department of Engergy regional carbon sequestration project in Michigan.
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Rasool, Tabinda, Syed Rehan Ahmed, Iqra Ather, Madeeha Sadia, Rashid Khan, and Ali Raza Jafri. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Using Egg-Shell." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51933.
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Advancement in materials science and manufacturing processes helps in expanding the application span of materials in biotechnology. The technological development of biocompatible materials aids in improving health conditions, cancerous treatment, organ implants, and as well as provides several techniques to patient treatment. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is considered as a potential material for orthopedics and dental implants due to its eminent biocompatibility and natural apatite characteristics. It is regarded as viable and cost effective solution of many biomedical applications. Major challenges in expanding the application span of HAP include obtaining optimum mechanical, chemical, and biological properties simultaneously while making its manufacturing processes cost effective. The main purpose of the current work is to synthesize and characterize high strength HAP with high degree of crystallinity and purity, which could be able to fulfill the requirements of modern biological materials. In this work, egg-shell which is considered as garbage is utilized as calcium source to synthesize HAP. Initially, egg-shells are properly cleaned with distilled water and dried. Ball milling operation is used to produce egg-shell particles of nano to micron range. The particles then mixed with controlled amount of phosphoric acid. The mixture is then sintered by heat treating at 900°C for 2 hours. The heat treatment (sintering) process is used to enhance the density as well as strength of egg-shell material. After synthesis of HAP, it is characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and laser particle analyzer. Composition of HAP is investigated through XRD. Furthermore, surface topography of nano-crystalline HAP powder is measured through Scanning Electron Microscope while particle size distribution is found through laser particle analyzer. It is found that the addition of phosphoric acid in milled egg-shell and heat treatment give rise HAP in the sample. In addition, particle size varies from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The results and analysis of the current work may provide insight of different properties which may lead to the development of optimum and cost effective HAP material. The current study could be further extended in increasing application envelop of biocompatible materials.
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Chen, Chen, Keith Lovegrove, H. Pirouz Kavehpour, and Adrienne S. Lavine. "Design of an Ammonia Synthesis System for Producing Supercritical Steam in the Context of Thermochemical Energy Storage." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49190.
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Concentrating solar power plants typically incorporate thermal energy storage, e.g. molten salt tanks. The broad category of thermochemical energy storage, in which energy is stored in chemical bonds, has the advantage of higher energy density as compared to sensible energy storage. In the ammonia-based thermal energy storage system, ammonia is dissociated endothermically as it absorbs solar energy during the daytime. The stored energy can be released on demand (for electricity generation) when the supercritical hydrogen and nitrogen react exothermically to synthesize ammonia. Using ammonia as a thermochemical storage system was validated at Australian National University (ANU), but ammonia synthesis has not yet been shown to reach temperatures consistent with the highest performance modern power blocks such as a supercritical steam Rankine cycle requiring steam to be heated to ∼650°C. This paper explores the preliminary design of an ammonia synthesis system that is intended to heat steam from 350°C to 650°C under pressure of 26 MPa. A two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model for packed bed reactors previously used at ANU is adopted to simulate the ammonia synthesis reactor. The reaction kinetics are modeled using the Temkin-Pyzhev reaction rate equation. The model is extended by accounting for convection in the steam to predict the behavior of the proposed synthesis reactor. A parametric investigation is performed and the results show that heat transfer plays the predominant role in improving reactor performance.
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Prokopov, I. I., P. M. Shonazarov, S. N. Darovskikh, and N. N. Gudaev. "Hardware and software tools for modeling solar microwave radiation and natural magnetospheric disturbances." In III All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation "Science, technology, society: Environmental engineering for sustainable development of territories". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/nto.3.2022.6.242-249.
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The relevance of the study of the evolutionary mechanisms of the interaction of objects of animate and inanimate nature with various types of radiation and fields, the source of which is the Sun, is substantiated. Conducting such studies is currently difficult due to the growing level of electromagnetic pollution of the environment. This does not allow carrying out experimental studies using real natural radiations and fields. They are possible only with the use of specialized hardware and software devices for their simulation. The presented materials of the article reflected the description of the original hardware and software tools for modeling the microwave radiation of the Sun and natural magnetospheric disturbances. When developing these devices, modern ideas about the frequency-time structure of radiation and fields of natural origin were used. The already existing positive experience of using the device for simulating solar microwave radiation in assessing the interaction of radiation generated by it with biological objects was also noted. First of all, it is associated with a decrease in the resistance properties of microorganisms, disaggregation of erythrocytes, etc. Such results, according to the authors, are associated with excitation in biological structures under the influence of natural radiation of elastic vibrations. They are also possible in the study of abiogenic materials. The features of their excitation when using natural radiations and fields are determined. The results of research using the developed hardware and software tools can be used as the basis for the creation of new technologies for reducing the influence of the technogenic factor on the life process of organisms. They will also find application in the development of methods for the synthesis of new abiogenic structures.
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Snook, Kelly, Tarik Barri, Joachim Goßmann, Jason Potts, Margaret Schedel, and Hartmut Warm. "Kepler Concordia: Designing an Immersive Modular Musical and Scientific Instrument Using Novel Blockchain and Sonification Technologies in XR." In The 24th International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2018.034.
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This paper describes the first steps in the creation of a new scientific and musical instrument to be released in 2019 for the 400th anniversary of Johannes Kepler's Harmonies of the World, which laid out his three laws of planetary motion and launched the field of modern astronomy. Concordia is a musical instrument that is modularly extensible, with its first software and hardware modules and underlying framework under construction now. The instrument is being designed in an immersive extended-reality (XR) environment with scientifically accurate visualizations and datatransparent sonifications of planetary movements rooted in the musical and mathematical concepts of Johannes Kepler [1], extrapolated into visualizations by Hartmut Warm [2], and sonified. Principles of game design, data sonification/visualization optimization, and digital and analog music synthesis are used in the 3D presentation of information, the user interfaces (UX), and the controls of the instrument, with an optional DIY hardware “cockpit” interface. The instrument hardware and software are both designed to be modular and open source; Concordia can be played virtually without the DIY cockpit on a mobile platform, or users can build or customize their own interfaces, such as traditional keyboards, button grids, or gestural controllers with haptic feedback to interact with the system. It is designed to enable and reward practice and virtuosity through learning levels borrowed from game design, gradually building listening skills for decoding sonified information. The frameworks for uploading, verifying, and accessing the data; programming and verifying hardware and software module builds; tracking of instrument usage; and managing the instrument's economic ecosystem are being built using a combination of distributed computational technologies and peer-to-peer networks, including blockchain and the Interplanetary Filesystem (IPFS). Participants in Concordia fall into three general categories, listed here in decreasing degrees of agency: 1) Contributors; 2) Players; and 3) Observers. This paper lays out the broad structure of Concordia, describes progress on the first software module, and explores the creative, social, economic, and educational potential of Concordia as a new type of creative ecosystem.
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Zanic, Vedran, Stanislav Kitarovic, and Pero Prebeg. "Safety as Objective in Multicriterial Structural Optimization." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20712.
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Multicriterial design methodology with safety as one of the design objectives is presented. The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of safety based design objectives on generated nondominated designs on the Pareto frontier. Possible improvements in nondominated designs are investigated by comparison to ones obtained with the standard design procedure when safety criteria are used as design constraints only. It is assumed that safety based objectives and targets act as attractors, driving nondominated designs along the constant cost/weight contours in design space towards its safer regions. Global safety objectives (for hogging/sagging modes), are based on the maximization of ultimate longitudinal strength in vertical bending calculated via the extended IACS incremental-iterative method. Applied compound safety measures for gross-panel (stiffened panel with associated girders) are based upon 34 failure modes, belonging to serviceability/collapse subsets. Objectives based on the maximization of safety measures are applied together with standard design objectives such as minimization of initial cost and weight. The following problems were solved with different sets of objectives: (a) minimize cost and weight objectives subject to safety constraints (used for reference), (b) only the maximization of local safety measures is added to (a) as additional objectives, (c) only the maximization of global safety measures is added to (a) as additional objectives, (d) maximization of safety measures ad (b) and (c) are added to (a) as additional objectives. For each of the problems (a–d) the developed design procedure is executed. It contains two basic tasks for structural design of realistic (non-academic) problems: (1) multicriterial optimization with topology / geometry design variables; (2) multicriterial optimization of gross-panels with scantling / material design variables. Design procedure steps are executed using a fast and balanced collection of analysis and synthesis modules/methods of the OCTOPUS design system: • Determination of design load sets; • MOGA / MOPSO based generation of nondominated designs for the selected ship structure; • For each design the following analysis blocks are executed: – calculation of ship’s primary and racking response fields, – calculation of ship’s ultimate longitudinal strength, – calculation of serviceability and collapse safety criteria on the gross-panel level. Comparisons of results, based on generated Pareto hyper-surfaces and on subset of preferred designs, are given for problems (a–d). Insights into the results of optimization process, using 5-D graphics for design and attribute spaces, are also presented. Design problems of modern RoPax and SWATH structures are used in case studies.
Reports on the topic "Modern and extended evolutionary synthesis"
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Chiu, Lynn Chiu. Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: A review of the latest scientific research. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania United States: John Templeton Foundation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.40950.
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