Journal articles on the topic 'Moderated group discussions'
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McKeown, Jamie, and Hans J. Ladegaard. "Exploring dominance-linked reflexive metadiscourse in moderated group discussions." Journal of Pragmatics 166 (September 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.05.007.
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Nussli, Natalie, and Kevin Oh. "Avatar-Based Group Discussions in Virtual Worlds." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvple.2018010101.
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This article focuses on developing guidelines for the effective facilitation of avatar-based group discussions. This qualitative inquiry is guided by an investigation of (1) social affordances of avatar-based discussions, with an emphasis on social and physical presence, (2) strategies to help establish rapport with other avatars, and (3) the complexities of communication modalities (voice vs. text) in avatar-based discussions. The study also explores the benefits and challenges of participating in virtual discussions. The data originated from avatar-based discussion groups in Second Life moderated by expert hosts and co-hosts and were gathered through participant and non-participant observation. Guidelines for the effective moderation of avatar-based discussion groups are presented throughout the chapter, such as, creating a feeling of acceptance and non-judgment, communicating synchronously to support immediacy, demonstrating virtual sharing acts, using voice for humanized communication, showing social emotionality, and observing real-life social norms.
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Zarutckaia, Ekaterina Vitalyevna. "On Potential of Using Self-Moderated Group Discussions When Teaching a Foreign Language." Pedagogika. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 6 (March 2020): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/ped200164.
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Cripe, L. D., S. Rawl, P. Monahan, Y. Tong, K. Schmidt, and K. Rand. "Effect of coping styles on the psychological impact of discussing life expectancy for men with advanced cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 9615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9615.
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9615 Background: Discussions of life expectancy between men and oncologists are limited, in part, because of the potential adverse effect on psychological outcomes. However, appraisal of the cancer threat may enhance coping and improve psychological outcomes for some men with advanced cancer. Methods: We recruited 81 men with advanced cancer to complete surveys including coping (Mini-MAC), post-traumatic growth (PTGI), psychological outcomes (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Men and oncologists rated extent of discussions about life expectancy. Moderation was assessed with regression interactions and follow-up within group Pearson correlations. Results: Men reported a full (33%), brief (41%), or no (26%) discussion of life expectancy. Concordance was low. Only 23 (28%) agreed with oncologists about the extent of discussion. Among the 34 oncologists who reported having a full discussion, 16 (47%) of their patients reported having a brief discussion and 8 (24%) reported no discussion. Men who reported having a full discussion had significantly lower depression scores (mean = 2.8) than those who reported a brief or no discussion (mean = 4.6; p=.018). As expected, the extent of discussion moderated some of the relationships between coping style and outcomes. Helpless-hopeless coping was associated with greater depression only among patients who reported a full or brief discussion of life expectancy (n=61, r=.56, p<.0001). Interestingly, greater fatalism was associated with greater PTGI spiritual change among men who reported no or brief discussions (n = 54, r = .39, p = .004) and greater PTGI personal strength (n = 20, r = .63, p = .003) and PTGI appreciation of life (n = 20, r = .62, p = .003) among men who reported no discussion compared to men with full and brief or full discussion, respectively. Conclusions: Most men and oncologists reported discussions of life expectancy but there was little agreement on extent. Full discussions were not associated with depression; however this effect was moderated by coping styles. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Camm, John, Marco Alings, Raffaele De Caterina, Paulus Kirchhof, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, and Freek Verheugt. "Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) Roundtable – Hot Topics and Current Issues in association with Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 4, no. 1 (2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2015.4.1.sup1.
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On 12 November 2014, Radcliffe Cardiology, in association with Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review (AER) journal, held a roundtable discussion in London, UK. The discussion held between an expert group of physicians was moderated by Professor A John Camm, a renowned authority in anticoagulation and atrial fibrillation. The meeting comprised a series of seven presentations and subsequent panel discussions on a range of topical issues related to the use of non-vitamin K antagonist (novel) oral anticoagulants (NOACs): real-world versus clinical trial data; once or twice daily dosing regimens; spot checks or monitoring for anticoagulation status; antidotes for NOACs; NOACs and dual antiplatelet therapy; NOAC treatment in chronic renal impairment; and choosing between NOACs. This paper summarises the presentations and presents key highlights from the subsequent discussions.
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Younger, John G. "Managing ‘AegeaNet’." Antiquity 71, no. 274 (December 1997): 1052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00085999.
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I became acquainted with email discussion lists when I subscribed to my first one, ‘ANE’ (ancient Near East), in September 1993; the discussions were so lively and informative that my colleague Paul Rehak and I thought there should be an Aegean counterpart for the Minoan-Mycenaean world. ‘AegeaNet’ was thus born on 1 December 1993, ‘a discussion and news group on the pre-classical Aegean world from Palaeolithic to Homer and beyond’. Three and a half years later, it is still growing with over 780 subscribers, archives (as of November 1995), and plans for more sophisticated services like digest and moderated versions.
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Psyck, Elizabeth. "GODORT Program Committee." DttP: Documents to the People 45, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v45i3.6493.
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With the dedicated work of the Preservation Working Group, GODORT wasable to present two programs at Annual 2017. The first one, “Government Information Preservation: Collections and Collaboration,” was cosponsored by the Federal Documents Task Force and featured discussions about collaborative approaches to collecting andpreserving government information in all formats. Susanne Caro moderated the discussion, and Anne Harrison (FEDLINK), Roberta Gebhardt (Montana Historical Society), Robbie Sittel (University of North Texas), and James R. Jacobs (Stanford University) presented on projects at the state and national levels.
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Hebdon, Megan Thomas, Christina Wilson, Katherine Bernier Carney, Jacqueline Telonidis, and Sue Chase-Cantarini. "Nimble Gerontological Interprofessional Education During a Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3486.
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Abstract To improve communication and collaboration among health professionals, interprofessional education (IPE) experiences have been offered to students through the Utah Geriatric Education Consortium (UGEC) with the support of long-term care (LTC) partners since 2017. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique challenge in delivering in-person IPE training. Here we describe adaptations and student outcomes with our Spring/Summer 2020 training sessions. Students (n=46) from health profession programs were recruited and enrolled in the sessions. A LTC partner helped plan two-hour remote training sessions to introduce students to current issues and health care team member roles in LTC. Moderated small group discussions regarding the 4 Ms Framework and a patient case were completed using virtual breakout rooms. A shared virtual document was used to guide discussions and record insights. Student participants (n=46) were primarily White (85%), female (70%), and enrolled in physical therapy (28%), nutrition (33%), and medicine (15%) programs. Thirty-one students completed post-course satisfaction surveys with Likert-scale and open-ended questions. Most students who completed the survey agreed or strongly agreed that the course was effective (85%) and engaging (81%), and will improve care (88%). Positive course aspects included: comprehensive information with speaker experiences and use of 4 Ms; course structure with moderated small groups; and interprofessional collaboration with common goals and multiple perspectives. Despite the challenges of COVID-19, an IPE experience was effectively delivered using video conferencing technology, community collaboration, and moderated small group discussions. The successes of this IPE delivery model will enhance engagement and accessibility of future gerontological workforce training.
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Goh, Esther Chor Leng, Daniel John Rongwei Wen, and Rachel Chai Yun Ang. "Why did COVID-19 not further harm the mental health of poor mothers? A mixed-method study on low-income families in Singapore." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e052103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052103.
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ObjectivesThis paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a disadvantaged group of financially poor mothers’ mental health conditions in Singapore during the phase of acute COVID-19 infection.DesignA mixed-method design is used. We conducted five focus group discussions with interviewers (n=39) who administered a third wave of survey questionnaire to 424 mothers from low-income families between June and September 2020. The focus group discussions gleaned observations by the interviewers on the risk and stress levels of the mothers during the period leading up to the height of COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, survey data from two time points—pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pandemic height, measuring the relationship of mother’s job loss, income earner loss, marital status, number of children and, permanency of employment and mother’s hope levels with mother’s depression and anxiety were used to triangulate the observations from the focus group discussions.ResultsMajority of the interviewers did not observe any marked increase in stress levels. Correspondingly the quantitative data did not show any significant increase in depression and anxiety scores between wave 2 and 3 results. Qualitative data showed that numerous mothers were able to report different strategies in coping with the financial distress. The government COVID-19 support grants were cited by many as helpful in cushioning the financial stress. Comparing the quantitative measurements, the relationship between loss of income earner and mother’s depression and anxiety was moderated by marital status. In addition, the relationship between mother’s job loss and mother’s depression, as well as loss of income earner and mother’s anxiety, was moderated by mother’s hope.ConclusionWe speculate the relatively stable level of mental health state of financially poor mothers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic to their internal (psychological traits) resilience which is facilitated by the availability of resources in the social milieu through the COVID-19 support grants.
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Dunn, Caroline L., Phyllis L. Pirie, and Harry A. Lando. "Attitudes and Perceptions Related to Smoking among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in a Low-Income, Multiethnic Setting." American Journal of Health Promotion 12, no. 4 (March 1998): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.4.267.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into attitudes and perceptions about smoking during pregnancy, passive smoke exposure, barriers to quitting, and program preferences among women in a low-income, ethnically diverse setting. Design. Nine focus group discussions were conducted with African-American, Native American, and white women. Discussions were moderated by local residents who shared the same ethnic background as group participants. Setting. Discussions were held in neighborhood centers and clinics in an urban area. Subjects. A total of 57 women participated. Moderators recruited participants from within their social networks and from neighborhood programs. The informal process of recruitment did not allow calculation of response rates. Measures. A series of open-ended questions with selected probes was used to guide the conversation. Results. Participants were aware that smoking during pregnancy is harmful and were concerned to varying degrees about their smoking behavior. Most women who smoked took active steps to reduce the risks. Actions were frequently accompanied by beliefs that rationalized moderate levels of smoking. While concerned, women were uncertain about what constituted harmful, passive smoke exposure. Personal barriers to quitting included being around others who smoked, feelings of stress and boredom, addiction, and not believing smoking is dangerous enough. Participants tended to value pregnancy-related advice from female friends and relatives over advice from professionals. Conclusions. Results suggest that many women respond to warnings about smoking during pregnancy, but actions are not necessarily measured, in quit rates. Misconceptions about the risks may help to rationalize continued smoking. Subjects lacked knowledge about how best to reduce the risks of passive smoke. Educational efforts may be effective when directed at networks of women who share information. The nature of qualitative data collection prevents extrapolation of these results to a larger population.
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Sulaiman, Tajularipin, Suzieleez Syrene Abdul Rahim, KaiYan Wong, and Wan Marzuki Wan Jaafar. "The Use of “Scratch and Challenge Board” as an Alternative Assessment Tool to Enhance University Students’ Skills." Asian Journal of University Education 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i3.14506.
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Abstract: In the teaching and learning process, assessment can be applied in various ways. In order to ensure the quality of education, assessment should be performed as a platform to support student learning. The role of assessment also ensures that students’ learning outcomes meet the needs of the 21st century skills. “Scratch & Challenge Board” (SCB) can be used to support the 21st century teaching and learning environment through focus group discussions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of university students on the use of “Scratch & Challenge Board” as an alternative assessment tool in enhancing students’ skills. This study applied the qualitative research approach. Data were collected through focus group interviews and related documents such as students’ assignments. A total of 10 focus group were obtained, with 3-4 students in each group, and each discussion was moderated by an experienced moderator. Collected data were analysed using constant comparative data analysis methods to obtain the themes. Four (4) themes emerged in this study: (i) alternative assessment encourages active participation in learning, (ii) integrating technologies in assessment tools, (iii) relevant with 21st century skills, and (iv) improvement in learning environment. In conclusion, the “Scratch and Challenge Board” is an assessment tool that not only supports face-to-face teaching and learning, but can also be integrated with technological devices and social media platforms. The “Scratch and Challenge Board” also enhances students’ 21st century skills
Keywords: Assessment tool, Alternative assessment, Group discussion, Teaching innovation
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Jain, Elizabeth, Gisela Labouvie-Vief, and Mark Lumley. "Attachment, Emotion, and Physiological Coregulation Among Elderly Mothers and Their Adult Daughters." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.976.
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Abstract Examination of physiological coregulation among marital partners suggests a dynamic interplay between partner physiology. Further, attachment dimensions of anxiety and avoidance mediate this coregulation during conflict. This study examined the role of attachment and race in predicting physiological coregulation for mothers and their adult daughters during emotional discussions. A sample of 23 African American and 17 Caucasian mother-daughter pairs (aged 26 to 83) completed interview sessions and Relationships Questionnaires. Pairs engaged in discussions (neutral, conflict, happy), while monitoring heart rate. HR difference scores were computed between pairs (bps; 0 meant no difference). Multiple Regressions revealed attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted HR variation between pairs for the neutral and happy discussions, differently by racial group (F(7,33)=3.297, p < 0.01). For African American women, increased anxiety predicted increased HR variation during neutral and happy discussions, whereas for Caucasian women, increased avoidance predicted increased HR variation. However, during conflict anxiety singularly predicted increased HR covariation (b = 5.03, p = 0.01), for both groups. Low anxiety and low avoidance predicted physiological coregulation (lower HR variance between pairs). Increased anxious attachment predicted partner dysregulation (increased HR variation between pairs) across all 3 discussions, moderated by avoidance for the Caucasian women. Results suggest attachment plays a role in regulating physiology under emotional stress, and that there may be important cultural differences in this relationship. Further examination will explore the dynamic interplay between attachment and physiological coregulation across adulthood and later life.
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Herold-Majumdar, Astrid, Pavo Marijic, and Renate Stemmer. "Organizational culture empowering nurses an residents in nursing homes." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 10 (November 13, 2020): 590–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9291.
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Purpose. If nurses should respect resident´s autonomy, nurses themselves must experience empowerment and respect for their own autonomy in the work environment. The purpose of this study is to get a deeper understanding of nurses’ perception of their own empowerment in the organization’s culture during an intervention program for strengthening autonomy.
Design/methodology/approach. Guided semi-structured interviews and moderated group discussions were conducted before and after the intervention. A structured and evaluative content analysis of the text material were performed.
Findings. In total 73 nurses and nurse aids working at frontline with the residents were voluntarily included into the study. New categories for nurses’ perceived empowerment and organizational culture could be derived from the text material.
Originality/value. The study’s results deliver a theoretical model with a sophisticated system of categories for organizational culture as perceived by nurses that can be used for further qualitative and quantitative research and for a sustainable organization development.
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Hickson, Catherine, Michael Schull, Emilio Huertas Arias, Yasufumi Asai, Jih-Chang Chen, Henry K. Cheng, Noboru Ishii, et al. "Theme 3. Sharing Pacific-Rim Experiences in Disasters: Summary and Action Plan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 2001): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025528.
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AbstractIntroduction:The discussions in this theme provided an opportunity to address the unique hazards facing the Pacific Rim.Methods:Details of the methods used are provided in the preceding paper. The chairs moderated all presentations and produced a summary that was presented to an assembly of all of the delegates. Since the findings from the Theme 3 and Theme 7 groups were similar, the chairs of both groups presided over one workshop that resulted in the generation of a set of action plans that then were reported to the collective group of all delegates.Results:The main points developed during the presentations and discussion included: (1) communication, (2) coordination, (3) advance planning and risk assessment, and (4) resources and knowledge.Discussion:Action plans were summarized in the following ideas: (1) plan disaster responses including the different types, identification of hazards, focusing training based on experiences, and provision of public education; (2) improve coordination and control; (3) maintain communications, assuming infrastructure breakdown; (4) maximize mitigation through standardized evaluations, the creation of a legal framework, and recognition of advocacy and public participation; and (5) provide resources and knowledge through access to existing therapies, the media, and increasing and decentralizing hospital inventories.Conclusions:The problems in the Asia-Pacific rim are little different from those encountered elsewhere in the world. They should be addressed in common with the rest of the world.
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Braham, Michael, Richard Aghababian, Richard A. Andrews, Cher Austin, Ross Brown, Yao Zhong Chen, Z. Engindeniz, et al. "Theme 7. Sharing International Experiences in Disasters: Summary and Action Plan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 2001): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025565.
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AbstractIntroduction:The discussions in this theme provided an opportunity to share specific experiences with disasters that occurred outside of the Asia-Pacific Rim.Methods:Details of the methods used are provided in the preceding paper. The chairs moderated all presentations and produced a summary that was presented to an assembly of all of the delegates. Since the findings from the Theme 7 and Theme 3 groups were similar, the chairs of both groups presided over one workshop that resulted in the generation of a set of action plans that then were reported to the collective group of all delegates.Results:The main points developed during the presentations and discussion included: (1) disaster response planning, (2) predetermined command and organizational structure, (3) rapid response capability, (4) mitigation, and (5) communications and alternatives.Discussion:The action plans presented are in common with those presented by Theme 3, and include: (1) plan disaster responses including the different types, identification of hazards, training based on experiences, and provision of public education; (2) improving coordination and control; (3) maintaining communications assuming infrastructure breakdown; (4) maximizing mitigation through standardized evaluations, creation of a legal framework, and recognition of advocacy and public participation; and (5) providing resources and knowledge through access to existing therapies, using the media, and increasing decentralization of hospital inventories.Conclusions:Most of the problems that occurred outside the Asia-Pacific rim relative to disaster management are similar to those experienced within it. They should be addressed in common with the rest of the world.
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Murillo, Luis A., Emily Follo, April Smith, Julienne Balestrier, and Deborah L. Bevvino. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Online Educational Modules and Interactive Workshops in Alleviating Symptoms of Mild to Moderate Depression: A Pilot Trial." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272097115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720971158.
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Introduction Depression is a common health concern in primary care with barriers to treatment well documented in the literature. Innovative online psychoeducational approaches to address barriers to care have been well received and can be cost effective. This pilot trial evaluated the effectiveness of an online psychoeducation curriculum intended to alleviate symptoms of depression while utilizing minimal staff resources. Methods A small (n = 29) randomized control pilot study was conducted. Online psychoeducational content was delivered in 5 to 10-minute videos over 8 weeks. Participants engaged in moderated discussions on workshop topics. The Patient Health Care Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to measure pre/post scores. Two Likert scale questions were used to determine subjective changes in understanding of depression and coping skills. Results Paired T-test analysis showed an average PHQ-9 improvement of 4.37 ( P = .01) in the intervention arm and 1.81 ( P = .172) in the control group. No significant difference in delta PHQ-9 score was found between groups via difference in difference analysis ( P = .185). Effect size was 0.59. No improvement in Likert scores for question 1 or 2 were detected by paired T test in either group. Conclusion This pilot trial of interactive online psychoeducational content shows initial promise as there was a significant improvement in PHQ-9 scores within the intervention arm. The comparison of delta scores between intervention and control arms was not statistically significant although this is likely due to the underpowered nature of the pilot trial. This data trend justifies the need for a larger validation trial of this intervention.
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Chandler, Thomas, David M. Abramson, Benita Panigrahi, Jeff Schlegelmilch, and Noelle Frye. "Crisis Decision-Making During Hurricane Sandy: An Analysis of Established and Emergent Disaster Response Behaviors in the New York Metro Area." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.68.
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AbstractObjectiveThis collective case study examined how and why specific organizational decision-making processes transpired at 2 large suburban county health departments in lower New York State during their response to Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The study also examined the relationships that the agencies developed with other emerging and established organizations within their respective health systems.MethodsIn investigating these themes, the authors conducted in-depth, one-on-one interviews with 30 senior-level public health staff and first responders; reviewed documentation; and moderated 2 focus group discussions with 17 participants.ResultsAlthough a natural hazard such as a hurricane was not an unexpected event for these health departments, they nevertheless confronted a number of unforeseen challenges during the response phase: prolonged loss of power and fuel, limited situational awareness of the depth and breadth of the storm’s impact among disaster-exposed populations, and coordination problems with a number of organizations that emerged in response to the disaster.ConclusionsPublic health staff had few plans or protocols to guide them and often found themselves improvising and problem-solving with new organizations in the context of an overburdened health care system (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:436–442).
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Burkle, Frederick M., Judy Isaac-Renton, A. Beck, Clifford P. Belgica, John Blatherwick, Lyse A. Brunet, Norman E. Hardy, et al. "Theme 5. Application of International Standards to Disasters: Summary and Action Plan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 2001): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025541.
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AbstractIntroduction:The need for the application of international standards has been evolving over the last decade. Consistency is needed not just in how we respond, but in when we respond. The discussions in this theme reflected on the progress of standard setting both at the local level and internationally.Methods:Details of the methods used are provided in the introductory paper. The chairs moderated all presentations and produced a summary that was presented to an assembly of all of the delegates. The chairs then presided over a workshop that resulted in the generation of a set of action plans that then were reported to the collective group of all delegates.Results:Main points developed during the presentations and discussion included: (1) requirement of standards of care for ALL disasters and core parameters, (2) process and procedure is best when there is interagency collaboration and coordination, (3) problems in disasters are management-related, not skill-related, and (4) standards of care must encompass evolving emergencies (e.g., emerging diseases, landmines).Discussion:The action plans for Theme 5 included: (1) develop positions of standards for management, health and public health, education and training, research, psychosocial aspects, and disaster plans; (2) advocate for actions and task forces to deal with evolving and emerging disasters, terrorism, landmines, and emerging infections; (3) proactively work to advocate and facilitate the multidisciplinary and multiorganizational requirements for disaster management; and (4) develop a resource list of interdisciplinary institutions and activities organized by country and topic including the design and maintenance of a website.Conclusions:There is a clear need for international standards for the management of disasters. Positions and advocacy for these positions are required to define and implement such standards.
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Pahl-Wostl, C., A. Schönborn, N. Willi, J. Muncke, and T. A. Larsen. "Investigating consumer attitudes towards the new technology of urine separation." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0015.
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The technology of urine separation and the recycling of anthropogenic nutrients as fertilizer in agriculture are considered as major innovations to improve the sustainability of today's urban wastewater management. The acceptance of consumers will be key for the introduction of the new technology. Citizens will have to make important decisions in their role as tenants and owners of houses and as consumers buying products fertilized with urine. Consumer attitudes towards the new technology were explored in a number of citizen focus groups in Switzerland. Focus groups are deliberate, moderated group discussions with informed citizens on a certain topic. The information was provided by a computer based information system specifically designed for this purpose. The acceptance of individual citizens for the new technology proved to be quite high. The majority of the citizens expressed their willingness to move into an apartment with NoMix toilets and to buy food fertilized with urine. However, they were not willing to accept additional financial costs or efforts. Arguments related to long-term sustainability (closing nutrient cycles) were of less importance than arguments that relate directly to the effects of micropollutants on human and ecosystem health. For the introduction of the new technology on a wide scale it will thus be crucial to explore the fate and effects of micropollutants.
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Bagmar, Aadesh, Kevin Hogan, Dalia Shalaby, and James Purtilo. "Analyzing the Effectiveness of an Extensible Virtual Moderator." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, GROUP (January 14, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3492837.
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The problems associated with open-ended group discussion are well-documented in sociology research. We seek to alleviate these issues using technology that autonomously serves as a discussion moderator. Building on top of an extensible framework called Diplomat, we develop a "conversational agent", ArbiterBot to promote efficiency, fairness, and professionalism in otherwise unstructured discussions. To evaluate the effectiveness of this agent, we recruited university students to participate in a study involving a series of prompted discussions over the Slack messenger app. The results of this study suggest that the conversational agent is effective at balancing contributions across participants, encouraging a timely consensus and promoting a higher coverage of topics. We believe that the results motivate further investigation into how conversational agents can be used to improve group discussion and cooperation.
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Perkins, Ifeoma U., and Benjamin K. Stoff. "Broadening Our Scope: A Pilot Curriculum in Bioethics for Pathology Graduate Medical Trainees, the Emory University Experience." Academic Pathology 6 (January 1, 2019): 237428951985724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374289519857243.
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Despite mandates from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Board of Pathology, little guidance is available for educating pathology trainees on bioethics. We endeavored to describe the development and implementation of a pathology-specific pilot curriculum in bioethics for pathology trainees at Emory University. After institutional review board review and exemption, we performed a literature search on pathology and ethics, conducted an intradepartmental survey for ethics topics relevant to our trainees and faculty, and referenced the Pathology Milestones related to ethics to develop the framework and materials for the pilot curriculum. The curriculum consisted of 2 introductory and 3 topic-focused sessions over 14 months moderated by pathology faculty with interest and expertise in ethics. Sessions included a short didactic component followed by small group discussions of cases created by the investigators. Surveys were administered to participants before and 16 months after completion of the curriculum. Twenty-nine pathology trainees participated in the curriculum. In baseline surveys, 93% (27/29) of participants believed that ethical dilemmas occur in pathology practice; 62% (18/29) reported having either experienced one or more ethical dilemmas themselves or knowing a pathologist or pathology trainee who had experienced one. In postcurriculum surveys, 87% (13/15) of respondents reported having learned something new, 92% (12/13) anticipated applying this knowledge to pathology practice, and 81% (13/16) would recommend it to a pathology trainee colleague. Limitations include single institution, small sample size, and limited outcome measures for ethics education. Our curriculum may serve as a model for other pathology training programs.
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Zaslavsky, Oleg, Annie T. Chen, Andrew Teng, Shih-Yin Lin, Soojeong Han, Frances Chu, and George Demiris. "VIRTUAL ONLINE COMMUNITIES FOR AGING LIFE EXPERIENCE (VOCALE) APPROACH: PILOT STUDIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S864—S865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3174.
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Abstract Emerging evidence suggests behavioral strategies focusing on symptom management can reduce frailty symptoms and improve quality of life. Unfortunately, these interventions are rarely scalable for implementation in geriatric care. Contemporary online technologies have tremendous potential for addressing this need. We developed and pilot tested an approach entitled Virtual Online Community for Aging Life Experience (VOCALE). The approach had two stages. In the first stage, we piloted the use of a Facebook platform to engage older adults with frailty symptoms in ten-week moderated discussions on health-related topics. In the second study, we used data from stage one to develop a prototypical persona of a person with frailty symptoms. The persona was then incorporated into an eight-week Facebook intervention informed by problem solving therapy to facilitate self-management in another group of older adults with frailty symptoms. The results from both rounds showed that it was feasible to recruit, engage, and retain persons ages 69-92 into virtual online community interventions. Attrition ranged from 25% to 33% in rounds one and two. In both rounds, we observed positive trends of change in health measures such as general health self-efficacy, disease self-efficacy, and health literacy. Throughout the studies, older adults shared multiple posts concerning their experience with age-related symptoms and described their self-management practices. These projects, which leveraged a common social media platform, demonstrated preliminary efficacy of an online intervention for frailty management. If confirmed, this approach might provide a viable model for other medically complex geriatric conditions where self-management is essential.
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der Heide, Eric Auf, Raymond Lafond, Anne Eyre, Nurit Fertel, Judith M. Fisher, SWA Gunn, Dianna Hampton, et al. "Theme 1. Disaster Coordination and Management: Summary and Action Plans." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 2001): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025504.
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AbstractIntroduction:Disaster is a collective responsibility requiring coordinated response from all parts of society. This theme focused on coordination and management issues in a diverse range of scenarios.Methods:Details of the methods used are provided in the preceding paper. The chairs moderated all presentations and produced a summary that was presented to an assembly of all of the delegates. Although the main points developed in Themes 1 and 4 were different from each other (as reported in the Results section), their implementation was similar. Therefore, the chairs of both groups presided over one workshop that resulted in the generation of a set of Action Plans that then were reported to the collective group of all delegates.Results:The main points developed during the presentations and discussions included: (1) the need for evidence-based assessments and planning, (2) the need for a shift in focus to health-sector readiness, (3) empowerment of survivors, (4) provision of relief for the caregivers, (5) address the incentives and disincentives to attain readiness, (6) engage in joint preparation, response, and training, (7) focus on prevention and mitigation of the damage from events, and (8) improve media relations. There exists a need for institutionalization of processes for learning from experiences obtained from disasters.Discussion:Action plans presented include: (1) creation of an Information and Data Clearinghouse on Disaster Management, (2) identification of incentives and disincentives for readiness and develop strategies and interventions, and (3) act on lessons learned from evidence-based research and practical experience.Conclusions:There is an urgent need to proactively establish coordination and management procedures in advance of any crisis. A number of important insights for improvement in coordination and management during disasters emerged.
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Leader, Amy, Thierry Fortune, Pamela Weddington, Nicole Crumpler, and Veda N. Giri. "Exploring African American males' attitudes towards genetic testing for prostate cancer risk." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e13552-e13552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13552.
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e13552 Background: African American (AA) males have disproportionately high prostate cancer (PCA) incidence and mortality rates compared to men of other races. While genetic testing for PCA is rapidly expanding, AA men represent fewer than 10% of those who undergo genetic counseling and testing. Barriers for AA males may include a lack of awareness or understanding, cultural beliefs, financial and access-to-care limitations, fear of discrimination, and mistrust in the healthcare system. These issues may be exacerbated among low-income, urban AA males. Methods: We conducted two focus groups with AA males who live in a low-resource neighborhood in a major US city to explore their understanding about PCA, challenges in obtaining and discussing family health history, and attitudes towards genetic counseling and testing. Prior to the start of the focus groups, men provided informed consent and completed a brief survey to capture demographic and health history information. Focus groups were moderated by a male member of the community, were audio and video recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using NVivo 12 to deduce themes within the discussions. Results: Seventeen men participated in one of two focus groups. The mean age was 54 years old (range: 40-66). Only 5 men (30%) were married. Ten men (60%) did not report a family history of PCA, while the remaining 7 reported that their father, grandfather, brother or uncle had PCA. All men had a primary care visit in the past 3 years, but only 13 out of 17 men (76%) reported discussing PCA. Focus group discussions and analyses revealed multiple key themes. Men had limited understanding of the prostate and PCA, with somewhat fatalistic views toward cancer. Family history was recognized as an important risk factor for cancer; talking about family history has become easier and more widely accepted. However, there was mixed reaction to genetic testing: most men were unfamiliar with it but were in favor of learning more, while a few did not see the utility of genetic information. Conclusions: AA men continue to have knowledge deficits about PCA. While there is strong understanding that cancer may be hereditary, there is less awareness about PCA genetic testing. Targeted genetic education and addressing access and cost barriers to genetic testing among AA males is needed to increase uptake of genetic testing and participation in genetic trials.
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Coman, Andra Diana, Petru Lucian Curșeu, Oana Cătălina Fodor, Cătălina Oțoiu, Lucia Rațiu, Alina Maria Fleștea, and Mara Bria. "Communication and Group Cognitive Complexity." Small Group Research 50, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 539–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496419853624.
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This study explores the effects of group size, group composition, and group argument frequency on group cognitive complexity (GCC). We evaluated a sample of 509 students organized into 106 groups who participated in a group cognitive mapping activity. As hypothesized, we found that group argumentation has an inverted U-shaped association with GCC. Group member familiarity did not moderate this relationship. We also found that task-related arguments mediate the relationships between group size and gender diversity on one hand, and GCC, on the other. Moreover, we found that optimal group-level cognitive benefits were observed in group discussions in which the ratio between task-related and nontask-related group arguments was 3 to 1. The discussion focuses on the practical and theoretical implications of these findings.
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Buckner, Tyler W., Nancy Durben, Christi Humphrey, Eric Iglewski, Jennifer Newman, Maria E. Santaella, and Michelle Witkop. "Pain in the Bleeding Disorders Community: Patient and Caregiver Perspectives." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2591.2591.
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Abstract Introduction:Pain negatively impacts individuals with bleeding disorders throughout their lives. Despite the high prevalence of pain in this population, the medical literature suggests that 40 to 60% of patients report that their pain is not well controlled. The bleeding disorders community has issued a call to confront this challenge through better prevention of bleeding and subsequent arthropathy and improved assessment and treatment of acute and chronic pain. Current efforts to address these issues lack input from patients and their caregivers (CGs) on how to prioritize specific elements of pain management for future quality improvement and research agendas. The Medical and Scientific Advisory Council of the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF) created the Pain Initiative Task Force to address these shortcomings. This group aims to contribute to the national effort to improve pain management so that individuals with bleeding disorders can participate fully in their lives. Aims: To better understand the unmet needs of the bleeding disorders community regarding the evaluation and management of acute and chronic pain, and to identify and evaluate outcomes important to patients with bleeding disorders and their caregivers. Methods:We conducted a 1-hour session during the 2016 NHF Annual Meeting entitled "Pain in the Bleeding Disorders Community: A Call to Action." Attendance at the session was voluntary. We collected information from attendees using paper demographics forms, an electronic audience response system, and roundtable discussions. Discussion questions were presented to the group as a whole on pain types, methods of pain assessment, pain management, and perceived unmet needs. Participants were then divided into discussion groups based on whether they were a person with a bleeding disorder (PWBD) or a CG. Table discussions were moderated by a committee member who recorded field notes describing participant responses, topics of discussion, and general concerns expressed by the attendees. Results:36 PWBD and their CGs attended the session (50% patients, 50% CGs). 64% reported having chronic pain. 84% said their pain was assessed using either the 0-10 verbal response scale or the FACES scale. Only 38% reported that their pain was assessed at every clinic visit. Pain was reported as being managed by hematologists (45%), primary care providers (11%), and pain specialists (4%), while 30% reported managing their pain without any healthcare provider input. Fear of addiction to opioid medications was reported by 24% of patients and 15% of CGs. Only 52% of PWBD felt that pain was managed "fairly well" or "very well." PWBD and CG identified problems related to pain assessment, including limitations of the 0-10 pain scale for measuring pain, inadequacy of assessing only currentpain levels, and lack of assessment of sleep problems, mental health issues, and physical function. In addition, CGs noted the absence of assessment of pain's impact on CGs and other family members of patients. Participants identified many areas of pain management that were important to them, including a need for more non-pharmacologic pain treatments and non-opioid pain medications, use of physical therapy to treat/prevent pain, better understanding of the challenges of recognizing and treating pain in children, and concerns about opioids: lack of efficacy, risk of tolerance/dependence/addiction, and provider reluctance to prescribe opioid medications. Participants also felt that more research was needed to understand the role of cannabis. Areas of unmet needs identified by the groups included improvement in pain management education for providers, PWBD, and CGs, expansion of hemophilia treatment center teams to include providers with expertise in pain, improved communication between providers, and more research on prevention and treatment of pain in the bleeding disorders population. Conclusions:PWBD and caregivers identified limitations of the current healthcare delivery system and patient-valued unmet needs related to the assessment and management of pain in individuals with bleeding disorders. This information will serve to aid in prioritizing future quality improvement and research efforts to reduce the impact of pain in the bleeding disorders community. Disclosures Buckner: Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Baxalta: Consultancy. Newman:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy. Santaella:Genentech: Consultancy; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Consultancy. Witkop:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Other: Advisory Boards, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BioEmergent: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Baxalta: Consultancy.
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Ningsih, Sulistia, Wayan Suana, Wayan Suana, Feriansyah Sesunan, and Feriansyah Sesunan. "The Effect of Multi-Stage Discussion with Google Classroom and WhatsApp in Learning Physics on Problem Solving Ability." Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika 9, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/bipf.v9i3.11169.
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This research describes the effect of applying multi-stage discussion with Google Classroom and WhatsApp in learning physics on students' problem-solving abilities. Google Classroom media was used for large group discussions and WhatsApp for small group discussions. The design in this research used a pre-experimental design in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design with apurposive sampling technique for three meetings on Newton’s Law of Motion with experimented classes with a total sample of 60 students. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-test.The results showed a difference in the average students’ problem-solving abilities before and after treatment with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000. After implementinglearning multi-stage discussion with Google Classroom and WhatsApp, students' problem-solving ability in the experimental class increased from the very low to moderate category with an average N-gain of 0.66. The highest increase occurred in theindicators of physics approach and mathematical procedure with an average N-gain of 0.71 and the lowest increase in thehelpful indicator description with an average of 0.63. This increase shows that the application oflearning multi-stage discussion with Google Classroom and WhatsApp on Newton's Laws of Motion has a moderate effect on students' problem-solving abilities.
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Alexander, Elitsa, Martin J. Eppler, and Sabrina Bresciani. "Visual Replay Methodology: A Mixed Methods Approach for Group Discussion Analysis." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 13, no. 1 (August 19, 2016): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689816664479.
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In this article, we propose an innovative mixed methods research (MMR) technique and discuss its theory and applications. The visual replay methodology (VRM) is a new graphic way to investigate the discourse patterns during software-aided small group discussions. A visually supported conversation is recorded through screen capturing and replayed to reconstruct how the discussion has unfolded. The VRM responds to the “integration challenge” that the MMR community is facing—by employing the power of visualization, data integration is leveraged to a new level, where visual synergy gains enable a “value-added” research outcome. By employing multigenre integration and a moderately pragmatic approach, the VRM reduces the researcher–subject power-relation gap and contributes to some long-standing MMR debates regarding reflexivity and participation.
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Terrell, Deirdra, Spero Cataland, Laura Beebe, San Keller, Julie Panepinto, Sara K. Vesely, James George, Rachel Ann Kelley, and Marshall Cheney. "Impact of Residual Effects and Complications of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) on Daily Living: A Qualitative Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128989.
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Introduction: Adverse health outcomes following recovery from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are under-recognized. The Oklahoma (OK) TTP Registry has documented that patients have residual complications following recovery. TTP survivors have an increased prevalence of major depression, decreased quality of life, minor cognitive impairment, and a decreased life expectancy compared to the general population. Additionally, Chaturvedi et. al (2017), reported that 32% of TTP survivors met the provisional diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder related to their TTP. Yet studies have failed to assess the significance of residual complications from the survivor's perspective. The goal of this study was to determine from the survivor's perspective, long-term outcomes that impact daily activities during remission. Patients: TTP survivors were recruited from the OK Registry and the Ohio State University (OSU) TTP Research Program. Eligibility included: 1) age >18 years, 2) documented ADAMTS13 deficiency, 3) in clinical remission from TTP, and 4) able to read and understand English. A non-probabilistic purposive sampling approach was utilized to select survivors from whom the most could be learned. To understand the full range of health challenges during remission, we intentionally included > 1 person who had experienced a TTP relapse in each focus group. Methods: Qualitative focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured discussion guide to facilitate and standardize the discussion. Prior to use, the discussion guide was pilot-tested and revised accordingly. All the focus groups were conducted in-person and moderated by the first author. During the focus group, TTP survivors described symptoms following recovery. All of the mentioned symptoms were transferred to index cards and given to each person. Patients individually sorted the cards into 'high', 'medium', and 'low' impact on daily living. Next, patients discussed views on what makes a symptom high, medium, or low impact. Additionally, patients were asked to list their top 3 symptoms on an index card (regardless of if it had been previously mentioned). Patients were also asked about discussions with their physicians regarding these symptoms. Frequencies were calculated for quantitative responses. Qualitative data were analyzed for themes. Results: Focus groups (4 in OK; 3 in OSU) were conducted from May-Oct. 2018, were 54-94 minutes, and digitally recorded. Overall, there were 25 patients (76% female, 52% black, median age 46 years) (Table 1). Eighty percent of patients were >5 years from their last episode, 52% had experienced a TTP relapse. The top 2 symptoms listed on the cards were: cognitive impairment 19/25 (76%) and fatigue 17/25 (68%). These symptoms were ranked as high in patients who were both < and >5 years from their last episode. High-impact symptoms occurred daily and negatively affected self-esteem, relationships, and careers. In 6/7 focus groups, survivors described high-impact symptoms caused feelings of being a burden, embarrassment, depression, and anxiety. Fatigue kept survivors from activities with loved ones and the hobbies they enjoyed prior to TTP. Cognitive impairment was described as difficulty 'getting the right words out', forming complete thoughts, and problems with memory and concentration. Cognitive impairment often resulted in arguing and frustration with loved ones. In 4/7 focus groups, memory and concentration problems were detrimental to marriages/long-term relationships. In 5/7 focus groups, cognitive impairment significantly impacted a person's ability to do their job. In 1 focus group, patients who worked in healthcare stated they changed careers because they feared their memory problems would negatively impact the health of others. Yet, many patients were hesitant to discuss these symptoms with a physician because they: 1) did not want to complain, 2) did not want to be prescribed additional medication, and 3) did not think these symptoms were relevant to their 'blood doctor'. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment and fatigue have serious impacts on daily living even >5 years after TTP. Yet, patients were often hesitant to discuss the issues with their doctor and failed to connect these symptoms with the TTP recovery process. Phase II of this study is currently underway, the goal is to identify from the TTP survivor's perspective, preferred ways to assess and manage these symptoms. Disclosures Terrell: National Institutes of Health: Research Funding. Cataland:Alexion: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ablynx/Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding. Panepinto:NIH: Research Funding.
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Shoaf, Eric C. "Using a Professional Moderator in Library Focus Group Research." College & Research Libraries 64, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.64.2.124.
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Brown University Library hired a professional marketing and opinion research firm to conduct focus group meetings with library users and to provide data analysis. The discussion includes a review of the library literature on focus group use, practical aspects of focus group methodology, and the benefits of employing professionals where librarian expertise is low. Logistics of focus group preparation, meetings, and report are discussed. Findings and lessons learned are presented along with outcomes for the library.
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Beales, Donna L. "Citizen Science on Social Media: One Medical Librarian’s Experience of Launching and Maintaining a Moderated Facebook Citizen Science Discussion Group (www.Facebook.com/groups/BiomeReconstitution)." Journal of Hospital Librarianship 16, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15323269.2016.1118267.
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Van Blankenstein, Floris M., Diana H. J. M. Dolmans, Cees P. M. Van der Vleuten, and Henk G. Schmidt. "Relevant prior knowledge moderates the effect of elaboration during small group discussion on academic achievement." Instructional Science 41, no. 4 (July 10, 2012): 729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11251-012-9252-3.
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Suhadi, Suhadi. "Who are “Normal” and “Extreme” Muslims? Discursive Study of Christians’ Voice about Muslim’s Identity in Surakarta, Central Java." PCD Journal 5, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/pcd.29035.
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This article assumes that language is not only a way of saying things (informative), but also a way of doing things (performative) or exercising power. Through conducting eight focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 39 Christian participants in Surakarta Central Java, this research studies the Christians’ discourse on their fellow Muslims. In those FGDs, I stimulated the participants’ discussion by the basic question, “How do you speak about Muslims”. Though the question is about Muslims, but in fact sometimes they also speak about themselves. I am concerned about the discursive study of religion taking advantage from Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis theory and method focusing on the analysis of linguistic practice, discursive practice, and social practice. As a result, the discussions of participants were on a hegemonic struggle between dominant and peripheral voices to define what is considered “[ab]normal” Muslims. Christian participants identified extremist (fanatical, fundamentalist) Muslims as abnormal. They positioned extremists and excessive persons as extraordinary. Thus, they identified extremism as not the norm but an exception to the rule of religions. In distinguishing between “normal” and “extreme” the participants primarily positioned themselves as normal or ordinary religious people who are moderate. They identified those who cause conflict as neither moderate Muslims nor moderate Christians, but fundamentalists in their respective faiths.
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Shafira, Nyimas Natasha A., and Amelia Dwi Fitri. "PENILAIAN KEEFEKTIFAN KELOMPOK DISKUSI TUTORIAL MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI MENGGUNAKAN TUTORIAL GROUP EFFECTIVENESS INSTRUMENT." JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL "Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan" 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jmj.v8i1.9480.
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ABSTRACT
Background: Tutorial is one of the learning methods that is used in the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in the medical education. The effectiveness of PBL tutorial discussions is influenced by three basic aspects, i.e. students, tutors, and scenario. The effectiveness of the group tutorial must be ensured because it determines the success of PBL learning in medical education.
Research Objective : This study aims to look at the effectiveness of tutorials groups discussion on medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Jambi (FKIK UNJA) based on students’ perceptions.
Method : This research is a combination of quantitative research and qualitative research. Quantitative research conducted was a cross sectional study using, using the Tutorial Group Effectiveness Instrument (TGEI) questionnaire. The use of the TGEI questionnaire in this study was to find out the effectiveness of tutorials groups discussion on FKIK UNJA medical students based on students’ perceptions. Furthermore, qualitative research was conducted with focus group discussions (FGD) to confirm and explore students’ perceptions based on the results of the questionnaire analysis.
Results : Overall, based on the cognitive, motivational and demotivational aspects, the majority of the effectiveness of tutorial discussion of medical students of FKIK, belongs to moderate category (>95%) based on student perceptions.
Conclusion : The results of the study show that the tutorial discussion of medical students of FKIK UNJA was going quite efficient and effective.
Keywords : PBL, tutorials, medical students, TGEI
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Tutorial merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan Problem Based Learning (PBL) di pendidikan kedokteran. Keefektifan diskusi tutorial PBL dipengaruhi oleh tiga aspek dasar yaitu, mahasiswa, tutor, dan skenario. Keefektifan kelompok tutorial harus dipastikan karena menentukan kesuksesan pembelajaran PBL di pendidikan kedokteran.
Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keefektifan kelompok diskusi tutorial pada mahasiswa kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jambi (FKIK UNJA) berdasarkan persepsi mahasiswa
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan gabungan antara penelitian kuantitatif dan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan merupakan, studi cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner Tutorial Group Effectiveness Instrument (TGEI). Penggunaan kuesioner TGEI pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran keefektifan kelompok diskusi tutorial pada mahasiswa kedokteran FKIK UNJA berdasarkan persepsi mahasiswa. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan diskusi kelompok terfokus (DKT) untuk mengkonfirmasi dan mengeksplorasi persepsi mahasiswa tersebut berdasarkan hasil analisis kuesioner
Hasil: Secara keseluruhan dari segi aspek kognitif , motivasi dan demotivational , berdasarkan persepsi mahasiswa , kefektifan diskusi tutorial mahasiswa kedokteran FKIK masuk dalam kategori sedang (>95%).
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diskusi tutorial mahasiswa kedokteran FKIK UNJA sudah berjalan cukup baik dan efektif.
Kata kunci: PBL, tutorial, mahasiswa kedokteran, TGEI
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Kemppainen, Teemu, Laura Kemppainen, Hannamaria Kuusio, Shadia Rask, and Pasi Saukkonen. "Multifocal Integration and Marginalisation: A Theoretical Model and an Empirical Study on Three Immigrant Groups." Sociology 54, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 782–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038520904715.
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Recent sociological discussions have examined the classic theme of social integration from the point of view of belonging and multiple solidarities. As a research topic, migration importantly elucidates these general sociological questions. Literature on migration, integration and transnationalism lacks an encompassing theoretical model, which limits our understanding of complex integration processes. We propose a multifocal model of migrant integration including three key foci of integration: the host society; transnational sphere; and co-ethnic community in the host society. Moreover, the model considers integration in terms of different dimensions. With this model, we define multifocal marginalisation and study Russian, Kurdish and Somali migrants in Finland. We find that the different foci do not compete with each other, but are in a moderate positive relationship. There are clear group differences in integration patterns. Determinants of multifocal marginalisation include Kurdish background, weak Internet skills and older age. Discussion themes include belonging and social change.
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Apostol, Colleen C., Julie M. Waldfogel, Elizabeth R. Pfoh, Donald List, Lynn S. Billing, Suzanne A. Nesbit, and Sydney Morss Dy. "Association of goals of care meetings for hospitalized cancer patients at risk for critical care with patient outcomes." Palliative Medicine 29, no. 4 (December 19, 2014): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216314560800.
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Background: Caring for cancer patients with advanced and refractory disease requires communication about care preferences, particularly when patients become ill enough to be at risk for critical care interventions potentially inconsistent with their preferences. Aim: To describe the use of goals of care discussions in patients with advanced/refractory cancer at risk for critical care interventions and evaluate associations between these discussions and outcomes. Design: Cohort study describing patients/families’ perceptions of goals of care meetings and comparing health care utilization outcomes of patients who did and did not have discussions. Setting/participants: Inpatient units of an academic cancer center. Included patients had metastatic solid tumors or relapsed/refractory lymphoma or leukemia and were at risk for critical care, defined as requiring supplemental oxygen and/or cardiac monitor. Results: Of 86 patients enrolled, 34 (39%) had a reported goals of care discussion (study group). Patients/families reported their needs and goals were addressed moderately to quite a bit during the meetings. Patients in the study group were less likely to receive critical care (0% vs 22%, p = 0.003) and more likely to be discharged to hospice (48% vs 30%, p = 0.04) than the control group. Only one patient in the study group died during the index hospitalization (on comfort care) (3%) compared with 9(17%) in the control group ( p = 0.08). Conclusion: Goals of care meetings for advanced/refractory cancer inpatients at risk for critical care interventions can address patient and family goals and needs and improve health care utilization. These meetings should be part of routine care for these patients.
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Räikkä, Juha, and Mikko Puumala. "Moderate Conventionalism and Cultural Appropriation." Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v13i1.2876.
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Cultural appropriation, also called cultural borrowing, has been the topic of much discussion in recent years. Roughly speaking, cultural appropriation happens when someone outside of a cultural or ethnic group takes or uses some object that is characteristic or in some way important to the group without the group’s permission. Individuals who find cultural appropriation (or borrowing) unproblematic have often argued that if we express moral criticism of the use of traditional Sami outfits by non-Sami, then we are logically committed to criticize all kinds of habits that are clearly acceptable –such as using jeans, eating pizza or drinking tea. However, we will argue that in many cases that objection is problematic. We point out that if one social habit or practice is prohibited (or supported) by existing social conventions but another is not, then there is a convention difference between the cases. The convention difference is in turn a morally relevant difference, or so we aim to show. We refer to “moderate conventionalism,” according to which existing social conventions are morally relevant facts that should be taken into account when choosing how to act, whatever the content of the conventions happens to be. The claim is analogous with the traditional view that laws have some moral relevance and binding force independent of their content.
Keywords: cultural appropriation, conventionalism, moderate conventionalism, convention difference
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Contreras, Jose, Andrew Pecora, Eric V. Schultz, Kelly Choi, Augie Smith, Dhakshila Paramanathan, Katie Demarco, and Stuart L. Goldberg. "Development of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument to facilitate timing of end-of-life (EOL) discussions in patients with advanced cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2015): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.74.
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74 Background: Honoring the wishes of terminally ill cancer pts is a prime responsibility of oncologists, however EOL discussions are frequently either never performed or delayed past the point of usefulness. Pts who discuss EOL issues with their medical team are more likely to avoid terminal hospitalizations, have improved emotional wellbeing and experience lower health care costs. Facilitators of timely EOL discussions including palliative care consultations would be beneficial. Methods: A 7-item PRO instrument “Living with Cancer” has been developed by COTA (Cancer Outcomes Tracking & Analysis) covering 4 domains: performance status, pain, burden (financial and time), and depression. Each item queried a domain (the pain I experience is: Non-existent, Mild, Moderate, Severe, Unbearable) yielding scores 0 to 4. A unique feature is that each item is multiplied by the pt’s assessment of the importance of the question (multiplier 1-4), yielding a maximum score 112. The pt’s physician (without knowledge of PRO responses) assigned opinions as to status (should continue treatment, beginning to discuss EOL, actively in EOL discussions). Results: 433 pts with advanced malignancies undergoing non-curative therapy completed the PRO instrument between February-March 2014 at the John Theurer Cancer Center. The median scores for pts deemed by their physician appropriate to continue non-curative treatments, contemplating EOL discussions and actively in EOL discussions were 14, 23, and 35 respectively. Results varied by tumor type, with larger differences among cohorts of lung, breast, GI malignancies, and considerable overlap among multiple myeloma pts. A score of > 28 indicated < 25% chance of being in the physician deemed continue therapy group and 40-60% chance of being in the physician determined EOL discussion categories. Conclusions: A 7-item PRO (that includes pt views of importance of each domain) was able to separate advanced malignancy pts into cohorts who their physicians deemed were at differing stages of EOL discussion appropriateness. A prospective study in lung cancer evaluating consultation rates by total score (encouraging discussions if > 28) is ongoing.
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Andersson, Gerhard, Jan Bergström, Fredrik Holländare, Per Carlbring, Viktor Kaldo, and Lisa Ekselius. "Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 5 (November 2005): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.5.456.
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BackgroundMajor depression can be treated by means of cognitive–behavioural therapy but as skilled therapists are in short supply there is a need for self-help approaches. Many individuals with depression use the internet for discussion of symptoms and to share their experience.AimsTo investigate the effects of an internet-administered self-help programme including participation in a monitored, web-based discussion group, compared with participation in web-based discussion group only.MethodA randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy with minimal therapist contact (plus participation in a discussion group) with the effects of participation in a discussion group only.ResultsInternet-based therapy with minimal therapist contact, combined with activity in a discussion group, resulted in greater reductions of depressive symptoms compared with activity in a discussion group only (waiting-list control group). At 6 months' follow-up, improvement was maintained to a large extent.ConclusionsInternet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy should be pursued further as a complement or treatment alternative for mild-to-moderate depression.
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Malinen, Sanna. "Boundary Control as Gatekeeping in Facebook Groups." Media and Communication 9, no. 4 (October 21, 2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i4.4238.
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Facebook groups host user-created communities on Facebook’s global platform, and their administrative structure consists of members, volunteer moderators, and governance mechanisms developed by the platform itself. This study presents the viewpoints of volunteers who moderate groups on Facebook that are dedicated to political discussion. It sheds light on how they enact their day-to-day moderation work, from platform administration to group membership, while acknowledging the demands that come from both these tasks. As volunteer moderators make key decisions about content, their work significantly shapes public discussion in their groups. Using data obtained from 15 face-to-face interviews, this qualitative study sheds light on volunteer moderation as a means of media control in complex digital networks. The findings show that moderation concerns not just the removal of content or contacts but, most importantly, it is about protecting group norms by controlling who has the access to the group. Facebook’s volunteer moderators have power not only to guide discussion but, above all, to decide who can participate in it, which makes them important gatekeepers of the digital public sphere.
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Jay, Mohammad, Michelle Lim, Khalid Hossain, Tara White, Syed Reza Naqvi, Kevin Chien, and Tom Haffie. "“Best of both worlds”: A students-as-partners near-peer moderation program improves student engagement in a course Facebook group." International Journal for Students as Partners 3, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v3i1.3693.
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Social media platforms like Facebook are designed to facilitate online communication and networking, primarily around content posted by users. As such, these technologies are being considered as potential enhancements to traditional learning environments. However, various barriers to effective use may arise. Our research investigated the effectiveness of a students-as-partners near-peer moderation project, arising from collaboration between instructors and senior students, as a vehicle for enhancing student interaction in a Facebook group associated with a large introductory science course. The quantity and quality of sample posts and comments from Facebook groups from three successive academic years were evaluated using a rubric that considered characteristics such as civility, content accuracy, critical thinking and psychological support. Two of these groups were moderated by near-peer students while the third group was not moderated. We found improved course discussion associated with moderated groups in addition to benefits to moderators and the faculty partner. This suggests that near-peer moderation programs working in collaboration with faculty may increase student engagement in social media platforms.
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Fauziyah, Azizah, Disman Disman, and Kurjono Kurjono. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Group Investigation Terhadap Literasi Keuangan Dengan Moderator Kecerdasan Emosional." JURNAL ILMU MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jimb.v10i1.16162.
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Abstract. This study aims to improve students' financial literacy through group investigation learning methods on Introduction to Finance and Accounting subjects. In addition to the learning method, this study also takes the internal factors of students namely emotional quotient. The research method used is the design of quasi-experimental studies using factorial designs Between-Subject uses Two Ways ANOVA. The results of the study show that 1) there are differences in financial literacy in the class using the method of group investigation learning with the class using the discussion method; 2) there are differences in the increase in financial literacy of students with high, medium and low emotional quotient; and 3) there are interactions between group investigation distribution methods, emotional quotient, and financial literacy.Keywords : Group Investigation; Emotional Quotient; Financial Literacy Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi keuangan siswa melalui metode pembelajaran group investigation pada mata pelajaran Pengantar Keuangan dan Akuntansi.Selain dari metode pembelajaran, penelitian ini juga mengambil faktor internal siswa yaitu kecerdasan emosional.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan desain studi kuasi eksperimen memakai desain faktorial Between-Subject menggunakan Two Ways ANOVA. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) terdapat perbedaan literasi keuangan pada kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran group investigation dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode diskusi; 2) terdapat perbedaan peningkatan literasi keuangan siswa dengan kecerdasan emosional tinggi, sedang dan rendah; dan 3) terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelaran group investigation, kecerdasan emosional, dan literasi keuangan.Kata Kunci : Group Investigation; Kecerdasan Emosional; Literasi Keuangan
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Bruce, Bonnie, Kate Lorig, Diana Laurent, and Philip Ritter. "The impact of a moderated e-mail discussion group on use of complementary and alternative therapies in subjects with recurrent back pain." Patient Education and Counseling 58, no. 3 (September 2005): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2004.08.012.
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Kim, Hye Kyung, Rachel Lim Si En, and Dorothy Wong Kang Min. "Psychosocial Motivators for Moderate Drinking among Young Asian Flushers in Singapore." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111897.
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Asians are more susceptible to alcohol flush syndrome and its associated health risks because they are genetically predisposed towards it. Guided by the theory of planned behaviour, this research examined the psychosocial factors associated with moderate alcohol consumption, in order to inform the development of a health campaign targeting young Asian “flushers” in Singapore. We employed a mixed-method design comprising an online survey and focus group discussions. The survey results identified perceived behavioural control as the most salient belief associated with moderate drinking intentions, particularly for Asian flushers. Although Asian flushers had more positive attitudes towards, and perceived behavioural control about drinking in moderation, they were more likely to consider that their peers disapprove of such a practice, compared to non-flushers. Additionally, Asian flushers did not consider themselves as having a higher risk of long-term health effects from alcohol consumption than non-Flushers despite their actual high-risk status. Focus group findings suggest that young Asian flushers have poor knowledge of, and skills associated with moderate drinking, in addition to feeling self-imposed social pressure. The study findings provide practical insights into bridging the information gap on Asian flush and promoting Asian flushers’ drinking in moderation.
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Lee, Chih-Jen, and Stanley Y. B. Huang. "A moderated mediation examination of Kahn’s theory in the development of new product performance." Chinese Management Studies 13, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-10-2017-0301.
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Purpose This study aims to propose a multilevel moderated mediation model of transformational leadership, corporate social responsible, organization-based self-esteem and job engagement to detect Kahn’s theory and predict new product development performance. Design/methodology/approach This study used a longitudinal study over a six-month period to test the multilevel moderated mediation model. Empirical testing used a survey of 1,655 employees from 165 different R&D work group in Great China. Findings Transformational leadership, corporate social responsible and organization-based self-esteem well predict employees’ job engagement and new product development performance and are moderated by open discussion of conflict. Originality/value This study is the first to propose a multilevel moderated mediation model to detect Kahn’s job engagement theory and predict new product development performance.
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Johns, Shelley A., Kathleen Beck-Coon, Karen Schmidt, Timothy E. Stump, Jennifer Kim Bernat, Alexia M. Torke, and Paul R. Helft. "Impact of mindfulness training on avoidant coping and advance care planning." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2014): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.31_suppl.86.
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86 Background: Timely end-of-life (EOL) discussions and advance care planning (ACP) are crucial to quality cancer care; however, patients, family caregivers (CGs), and oncologists often avoid these tender conversations. When EOL discussions are avoided, patients are more likely to receive non-beneficial treatment near death and CGs are more likely to experience psychiatric disturbance. Mindfulness meditation facilitates emotional regulation and may enhance adaptive coping necessary for EOL discussions and ACP. Methods: Mindfully Optimizing Delivery of End-of-Life (MODEL) Care is a within-group pilot study developed to train patients with advanced-stage solid malignancies and their CGs (n=13 dyads) in present-moment awareness and non-reactive coping through a variety of mindfulness practices. Eligible patients met a threshold for avoidant coping and had not completed a Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment (POST) form documenting care preferences. Cognitive avoidance and quality of life (QoL) for patients and CGs were assessed from baseline (T1) to post-intervention (T2) and 1-month follow-up (T3) with standardized response mean (SRM) effect sizes. ACP from T1 to T3 was assessed descriptively. Results: Moderate decreases in cancer-related avoidance were found for patients (SRM=-0.47) and CGs (SRM=-0.59) T1 to T2, while T1 to T3 effects were small for patients (SRM=-0.31) and large for CGs (SRM=-1.12). At T1, no patient had completed a POST form; by T3, 50% reported completing one and 40% were preparing to do so soon. At T1, 23% of patients reported having had a ‘goals of care’ discussion with their oncologist, with 82% doing so by T3. At T1, 46% of patients reported having discussed ‘goals of care’ with their CGs, with 100% doing so by T3. Large improvements in QoL were found at both time points for patients and CGs (SRMs ranging from 0.85 to 1.21). Conclusions: Mindfulness was associated with mostly moderate reductions in avoidant coping and large improvements in QoL for patients and caregivers, with notable ACP progress for patients.
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Farrell, Brian, Stuart Ford, Juliet Sorensen, Lawrence Schaner, Kanglin Yu, Robert Eno, and Vera Korzun. "International Law Online: How Will the Pandemic Change the Practice of Law?" Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 115 (2021): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.144.
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This panel was convened at 1:45 p.m., Friday, March 26, 2021, by the ASIL-Midwest Interest Group. Through a roundtable discussion, the panel explored the changes that the pandemic has had on the practice and teaching of international law. Professor Brian Farrell and Professor Stuart Ford, Co-Chairs of the Midwest Interest Group, co-moderated the panel discussion and introduced the panelists: Juliet Sorensen of the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law; Lawrence Schaner of Schaner Dispute Resolution LLC; Kanglin Yu of the University of Iowa College of Law; Dr. Robert Eno, Registrar of the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights; and Vera Korzun of the University of Akron School of Law.
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Voloshyna, Valentyna, Inna Stepanenko, Anna Zinchenko, Nataliia Andriiashyna, and Oksana Hohol. "Moderating the Neuropsychological Impact of Online Learning on Psychology Students." European Journal of Educational Research 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.681.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of the study was to identify what neuropsychological effect online learning had on psychology students and how it could be moderated. The study was descriptive and combined qualitative and quantitative methods to address the research questions. The study relied on three phases such as baseline study, experiment, and reporting. The experiment utilised neuropsychology tests adopted from the NeurOn platform. It was found that the Psychology students’ perceptions of e-learning and their emotional reaction to them were found not to be appreciative. The practices in breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga were proved to be able to moderate the impact of online learning on the experimental group students’ attentional capacities, memory processes, and cognition abilities. The above findings were supported by the results obtained for the neuropsychology tests and the experimental group students’ self-reflections yielded from the use of the MovisensXS App. The students confirmed that breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga reduced study stress and burnout caused by e-learning and improved their academic performance. The focus group online discussion also showed that integration of breathing exercises, meditation, and yoga helped the experimental group students keep emotional balance, concentrate on their studies easier, remember more information, and meet deadlines in completing assignments. The education scientists are suggested to study how the e-learning curriculum could be reshaped so that it used relaxation practices on regular basis.</p>
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O'Day, Emily B., Amanda S. Morrison, Phillippe R. Goldin, James J. Gross, and Richard G. Heimberg. "Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and the Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 9 (November 2019): 751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.9.751.
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Background: Loneliness is a universal experience that is particularly relevant to social anxiety. However, research has not examined loneliness among treatment-seeking individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) or assessed whether mal-adaptive or adaptive emotion regulation strategies moderate the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Methods: We examined the baseline scores of individuals with SAD (n = 121) who sought treatment as part of a waitlist-controlled trial of cognitive behavioral group therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction. Healthy controls (n = 38) were also examined. Results: Individuals with SAD exhibited greater social anxiety (SA), greater loneliness, more frequent expressive suppression (ES), and less frequent cognitive reappraisal (CR) than controls. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that emotion regulation variables moderated the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. At lower CR and higher ES, there was a positive relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. At higher CR and lower ES, there was unexpectedly a stronger positive relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Higher SA was associated with higher loneliness regardless of emotion regulation strategy, whereas lower SA was associated with more moderate and lower levels of loneliness dependent on level of ER strategy. Discussion: Implications for understanding the prevalence and burden of loneliness among individuals with SAD, the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Knyazev, O. V., A. V. Kagramanova, and A. A. Lishchinskaya. "Evaluation of the efficacy of MMX mesalazine therapy for moderate ulcerative colitis." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-5-113-123.
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Introduction. Treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) requires continuous anti-relapse therapy. Mesalazines are the firstline disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of mild to moderate UC to manage exacerbations and to induce and maintain remission.This paper is aimed at comparing the efficacy of treatment of patients with pancolitis and left-sided ulcerative colitis of moderate severity, who received MMX mesalazine as monotherapy and MMX mesalazine combined with mesalazines in the form of microclysters and suppositories.Materials and methods. A comparative clinical evaluation of the outcomes of treatment of patients with moderate UC who received MMX mesalazine as monotherapy (group 1) and MMX mesalazine combined with topical mesalazine (microclysters, suppositories) (group 2) was carried out. 40 patients with UC (group 1) and 46 (group 2) were examined.Results and discussion. Two weeks after MMX mesalazine therapy initiation, 92.8% of patients in group 1 responded to MMX mesalazine therapy and continued using the drugs as monotherapy (without microclysters and suppositories). In group 1, 95.6% of patients responded to MMX mesalazine therapy and continued treatment with topical mesalazines (microclysters and suppositories). At week 12, 54.3% of 35 patients in group 1, who responded to MMX mesalazine therapy, achieved clinical remission, 45.7% achieved clinical endoscopic remission. The Mayo Score decreased from 8.0 ± 0.17 to 2.3 ± 0.3 points. At week 12, 57.1% of patients with UC in group 2, who responded to MMX mesalazine therapy, achieved clinical remission, and 42.9% achieved clinical and endoscopic remission. The Mayo Score decreased from 7.85 ± 0.14 to 2.4 ± 0.3 points. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of laboratory findings between the groups of patients at 12 weeks and at 52 weeks (p> 0.05).Conclusion. The long-term continuous administration of MMX mesalazine in patients with pancolitis and left-sided ulcerative colitis of moderate severity as monotherapy during the year is comparable in its efficacy with combined MMX mesalazine therapy and topical forms of mesalazine.