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Academic literature on the topic 'Models for competing specie'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Models for competing specie"

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A. Saenz, Roberto, and Herbert W. Hethcote. "Competing species models with an infectious disease." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 3, no. 1 (2006): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2006.3.219.

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Pereira, T. A., J. Menezes, and L. Losano. "Interface networks in models of competing species." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 09, no. 05 (October 2018): 1850046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962318500460.

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We study a subclass of the May–Leonard stochastic model with an arbitrary, even number of species, leading to the rise of two competing partnerships where individuals are indistinguishable. By carrying out a series of accurate numerical stochastic simulations, we show that alliances compete each other forming spatial domains bounded by interfaces of empty sites. We solve numerically the mean field equations associated with the stochastic model in one and two spatial dimensions. We demonstrate that the stationary interface profile presents topological properties which are related to the asymptotic spatial distribution of species of enemy alliances far away from the interface core. Finally, we introduce a theoretical approach to model the formation of stable interfaces using spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry. We show that all the results provided by the soliton topological model, presented here for the very first time, are in agreement with the stochastic simulations and may be used as a tool for understanding the complex biodiversity in nature.
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Sumner, Suzanne. "Hopf bifurcation in pioneer-climax competing species models." Mathematical Biosciences 137, no. 1 (October 1996): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5564(96)00065-x.

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Szabó, György. "Competing associations in six-species predator–prey models." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 38, no. 30 (July 13, 2005): 6689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/38/30/005.

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Xu, Benlong, and Zhenzhang Ni. "Permanence of Diffusive Models for Three Competing Species in Heterogeneous Environments." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/376919.

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We address the question of the long-term coexistence of three competing species whose dynamics are governed by the partial differential equations. We obtain criteria for permanent coexistence in a Lotka-Volterra system modeling the interaction of three competing species in a bounded habitat whose exterior is lethal to each species. It is also proved that if the intercompeting strength is very weak, the system is always permanent, provided that each single one of the three species can survive in the absence of the two other species.
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Mwalusepo, Sizah, Henri E. Z. Tonnang, Estomih S. Massawe, Tino Johansson, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru. "Stability Analysis of Competing Insect Species for a Single Resource." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/285350.

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The models explore the effects of resource and temperature on competition between insect species. A system of differential equations is proposed and analysed qualitatively using stability theory. A local study of the models is performed around axial, planar, and interior equilibrium points to successively estimate the effect of (i) one species interacting with a resource, (ii) two competing species for a single resource, and (iii) three competing species for a single resource. The local stability analysis of the equilibrium is discussed using Routh-Hurwitz criteria. Numerical simulation of the models is performed to investigate the sensitivity of certain key parameters. The models are used to predict population dynamics in the selected cases studied. The results show that when a single species interacts with a resource, the species will be able to establish and sustain a stable population. However, in competing situation, it is observed that the combinations of three parameters (half-saturation, growth rate, and mortality rate) determine which species wins for any given resource. Moreover, our results indicate that each species is the superior competitor for the resource for the range of temperature for which it has the lowest equilibrium resource.
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Lopez-Gomez, Julian, and Jose C. Sabina De Lis. "Coexistence States and Global Attractivity for Some Convective Diffusive Competing Species Models." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 347, no. 10 (October 1995): 3797. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2155205.

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López-Gómez, Julián, and José C. Sabina de Lis. "Coexistence states and global attractivity for some convective diffusive competing species models." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 347, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 3797–833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-1995-1311910-8.

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Sumner, Suzanne. "STABLE PERIODIC BEHAVIOR IN PIONEER-CLIMAX COMPETING SPECIES MODELS WITH CONSTANT RATE FORCING." Natural Resource Modeling 11, no. 2 (June 1998): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.1998.tb00306.x.

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Dancer, E. N. "On the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions for competing species models with diffusion." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 326, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 829–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-1991-1028757-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Models for competing specie"

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Van, der Hoff Q., JC Greeff, and TH Fay. "Defining a stability boundary for three species competition models." Elsevier, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001763.

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a b s t r a c t A periodic steady state is a familiar phenomenon in many areas of theoretical biology and provides a satisfying explanation for those animal communities in which populations are observed to oscillate in a reproducible periodic manner. In this paper we explore models of three competing species described by symmetric and asymmetric May–Leonard models, and specifically investigate criteria for the existence of periodic steady states for an adapted May–Leonard model: x˙ = r(1 − x − ˛y − ˇz)x y˙ = (1 − ˇx − y − ˛z)y z˙ = (1 − ˛x − ˇy − z)z. Using the Routh–Hurwitz conditions, six inequalities that ensure the stability of the system are identified. These inequalities are solved simultaneously, using numerical methods in order to generate three-dimensional phase portraits to illustrate the steady states. Then the “stability boundary” is defined as the almost linear boundary between stability and instability. All the mathematics discussed is suitable for advanced undergraduate mathematics or applied mathematics students, offering them the opportunity to incorporate a computer algebra system such as Mathematica, DERIVE or Matlab in their investigations. The adapted May–Leonard model provides a practical application of steady states, stability and possible limit cycles of a nonlinear system.
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AFFILI, ELISA. "EVOLUTION EQUATIONS WITH APPLICATIONS TO POPULATION DYNAMICS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/820854.

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The main topic of this thesis is the analysis of evolution equations reflecting issues in ecology and population dynamics. In mathematical modelling, the impact of environmental elements and the interaction between species is read into the role of heterogeneity in equations and interactions in coupled systems. In this direction, we investigate three separate problems, each corresponding to a chapter of this thesis. The first problem addresses the evolution of a single population living in a periodic medium with a fast diffusion line; this corresponds to the study of a reaction-diffusion system with equations in different dimensions. We derive results on asymptotic behaviour through the study of some generalised principal eigenvalues. We find that the road has no impact on the survival chances of the population, despite the deleterious effect expected from fragmentation. The second investigation regards a model describing the competition between two populations in a situation of asymmetrically aggressive interactions; this consists of a system of two ODEs. The evolution progresses through two possible scenarios, where only one population survives. Then, the interpretation of one of the parameters as the aggressiveness of the attacker population naturally raises questions of controllability. We characterise the set of initial conditions leading to the victory of the attacker through a suitable (possibly time-dependant) strategy. The third and last part of this thesis analyses the time decay of some evolution equations with classical and fractional time derivatives. Depending on the type of derivative and some degree of non-degeneracy of the spatial operator, quantitative polynomial or exponential estimates are entailed.
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Micheletti, Cristian. "Models with competing interactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318919.

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Edmunds, Jeffrey. "A study of a stage-structured model of two competing species." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289978.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to develop and study a competition model which, being capable of a wide range of population dynamics, will exhibit phenomena in multi-species interactions not seen in simpler models. We consider a structured, non-linear model of two competing species, each having three life stages. This model is based on a single-species model that has been used to demonstrate many interesting effects in population dynamics and, in particular, has been highly successful in describing and predicting the dynamics of insect populations in controlled laboratory experiments, A thorough examination of equilibria provides necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of axis equilibria, which corresponds to the extinction of one species. Applying the concept of persistence to the model, we obtain sufficient conditions under which the model is persistent with respect to the extinction states, implying indefinite coexistence of both species. Finally, we give specific examples in which the model contradicts classical (equilibrium) competition theory by showing non-equilibrium coexistence in the presence of unstable positive equilibria, stable axis equilibria, and high levels of inter-specific competition.
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Bush, Larry Dean. "Special education teachers and work stress exploring the competing interests model /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/l_bush_050210.pdf.

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McKinney, Arlise P. "Goal Orientation: A test of competing models." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11074.

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This research examined the validity of the 2-factor (e.g., Button, Mathieu, and Zajac, 1996) and 3-factor (e.g., VandeWalle, 1997) models of goal orientation. These models differ in specifying the dimensionality, measurement, and nomological network for learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation constructs. This study specifically tested the factorial and nomological validity of each model of goal orientation. The factorial validity was examined through a series of nested models and evaluating model fit parameters. The nomological validity of goal orientation was examined testing theoretically-derived relationships with the self-concept traits (e.g., core self-evaluations) of self-esteem, internal locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, and emotional stability. In addition, goal orientation relationships with need for achievement, fear of negative evaluation, and social desirability were also examined. Results of this study yielded mixed findings for the a priori models. Data from a student sample (N=314) and an employee sample (N=114) resulted in mixed findings across models and across samples. Although there was general support for both factor structures, several psychometric weaknesses were noted in the scales including low factor loadings, low factor variances, and low inter-item correlations. Additionally, results of the test-retest stability of goal orientation constructs were lower than desired across both models. Results of the hypothesized relationships found consistent support for learning goal orientation relationships, while the results for performance goal orientation were mixed. Learning goal orientation reflected positive and moderate levels of associations (i.e., r >.20) with self-esteem, internal locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, emotional stability, need for achievement and negatively related to fear of negative evaluation. Learning goal orientation also reflected positive but smaller levels of association with social desirability. Hypothesized relationships were supported for VandeWalle's (1997) performance avoid goal orientation reflecting negative relationships with the same correlates, except for a positive association with fear of negative evaluation. In general, the hypothesized relationships for Button et al.'s (1996) performance goal orientation and VandeWalle's (1997) performance prove goal orientation were not supported. These relationships resulted in near zero-correlations. Implications for future research addressing the conceptual framework, measurement and nomological relationships for goal orientation are discussed.
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Orenti, A. "SURVIVAL ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION MODELS IN THE PRESENCE OF COMPETING AND SEMI-COMPETING RISKS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/253327.

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Evaluation of a therapeutic strategy is complex when the course of a disease is characterized by the occurrence of different kinds of events. Competing risks arise when the occurrence of specific events prevents the observation of other events. Different survival or incidence functions can be defined in the presence of competing risks and a relevant issue is an adequate knowledge of the methodological background in order to apply a suitable statistical analysis for the study aims. This work aims at presenting different estimates of survival or incidence probabilities used in this framework. From clinical application, it emerges that crude cumulative incidence is widely diffuses both to estimate incidence probabilities and to evaluate covariate effects. On the contrary net survival functions, although of clinical interest, are not diffused because of more difficult model structure and lack of software availability. If the independence assumption between different events is tenable, Kaplan-Meier method can be used to estimate net survival. Otherwise multivariate distribution of times based on Copulas can be adopted. In the case of different causes of death, relative survival can be interpreted as net survival only under specific assumptions on the mortality pattern. A particular case on competing risks arises when only fatal events can prevent the observation of the non fatal ones, but not vice versa (semi-competing risks). The estimate of an interpretable measure of association between times to non fatal and fatal event is often of biological interest, in order to understand the disease progression. In the statistical literature some approaches have been proposed to estimate the association between two independently doubly censored failure times, but more specific approach have to be applied in the presence of semi-competing risks. After estimating the association parameter, the survival function of a non terminal event can be estimated after fixing a copula structure by means of the semi parametric methods proposed by Fine, Jiang and Chappell or the copula graphic estimator. Furthermore when the interest is to evaluate the effect of different therapeutic strategies or covariates on the occurrence of a non terminal event in a semi-competing risks setting, specific regression model have to be adopted. I propose here to adopt the methodology based on pseudo-observations, having the advantage to be implemented by generalized linear models approaches. Simulation studies are performed to compare the performances of methods to estimate the association between events, of methods based on Copulas models to estimate net survival and of regression method for net survival in the presence of semi-competing risks. A case series of breast cancer patients is used to illustrate different methods of estimating net survival functions on the causes of deaths and on the severe non fatal events in the presence of competing and semi-competing risks framework.
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Masuadi, E. "Non-parametric competing risks with multivariate frailty models." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2013. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/e828e4da-de08-2f34-37b0-8cc3bbaf7150/1.

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This research focuses on two theories: (i) competing risks and (ii) random eect (frailty) models. The theory of competing risks provides a structure for inference in problems where cases are subject to several types of failure. Random eects in competing risk models consist of two underlying distributions: the conditional distribution of the response variables, given the random eect, depending on the explanatory variables each with a failure type specic random eect; and the distribution of the random eect. In this situation, the distribution of interest is the unconditional distribution of the response variable, which may or may not have a tractable form. The parametric competing risk model, in which it is assumed that the failure times are coming from a known distribution, is widely used such as Weibull, Gamma and other distributions. The Gamma distribution has been widely used as a frailty distribution, perhaps due to its simplicity since it has a closed form expression of the unconditional hazard function. However, it is unrealistic to believe that a few parametric models are suitable for all types of failure time. This research focuses on a distribution free of the multivariate frailty models. Another approach used to overcome this problem is using nite mixture of parametric frailty especially those who have a closed form of unconditional survival function. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of a parametric competing risk models with multivariate parametric and/or non-parametric frailty (correlated random eects) are investigated. In this research, four main models are proposed: rst, an application of a new computation and analysis of a multivariate frailty with competing risk model using Cholesky decomposition of the Lognormal frailty. Second, a correlated Inverse Gaussian frailty in the presence of competing risks model. Third, a non-parametric multivariate frailty with parametric competing risk model is proposed. Finally, a simulation study of nite mixture of Inverse Gaussian frailty showed the ability of this model to t dierent frailty distribution. One main issue in multivariate analysis is the time it needs to t the model. The proposed non-parametric model showed a signicant time decrease in estimating the model parameters (about 80% less time compared the Log-Normal frailty with nested loops). A real data of recurrence of breast cancer is used as the applications of these models.
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Cortese, Giuliana. "Dynamic models for competing risks and relative survival." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427193.

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The thesis concerns regression models related to the competing risks setting in survival analysis and deals with both the case of known specific causes and the case of unknown (even if present) specific causes of the event of interest. In the first part, dealing with events whose specific cause is known, competing risks modelling has been applied to a breast cancer study and some of the dynamic aspects such as time-dependent variables are tackled within the context of the application. The aim of the application was to detect an optimal chemotherapy dosage for different typologies of patients with advanced breast cancer in order to control the risk of cardiotoxicity. The attention was concentrated on the cumulative incidence probability of getting cardiotoxicity in a well-defined time period, conditional on risk factors. This probability was estimated as a function of the time-dependent covariate dosage. Within the context of the application, some problems of goodness-of-fit related to time-dependent covariates are discussed. The previous application gave rise to investigating the role of time-dependent covariates in competing risks regression models. There exist various types of time-dependent covariates, which differ in their random or deterministic development in time. For so-called internal covariates, predictions based on the model are not allowed, or they meet with difficulties. We describe a general overview of the state of the art, problems and future directions. Moreover, a possible extension of the competing risks model, that allows us to include a simple random binary time-dependent variable, in a multi-state framework, is presented. Inclusion of the sojourn time of an individual in a certain state as a time-dependent covariate into the model, is also studied. In the second part of the thesis, dealing with events whose specific cause is unavailable, regression models for relative survival are discussed. We study the nonparametric additive excess hazards models, where the excess hazard is on additive form. We show how recent developments can be used to make inferential statements about this models, and especially to test the hypothesis that an excess risk effect is time-varying in contrast to being constant over time. We also show how a semiparametric additive risk model can be considered in the excess risk setting. These two additive models are easy to fit with estimators on explicit form and inference including tests for time-constant effects can be carried out based on a resampling scheme. We analyze a real dataset using different approaches and show the need for more flexible models in relative survival. Finally, we describe a new suggestion for goodness-of-fit of the additive and proportional models for relative survival, which avoids some disadvantages of recent proposals in the literature. The method consists of statistical and graphical tests based on cumulative martingale residuals and it is illustrated for testing the proportional hazards assumption in the semiparametric proportional excess hazards model.
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Lin, Yushun. "PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION IN COMPETING RISKS AND MULTI-STATE MODELS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/1.

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The typical research of Alzheimer's disease includes a series of cognitive states. Multi-state models are often used to describe the history of disease evolvement. Competing risks models are a sub-category of multi-state models with one starting state and several absorbing states. Analyses for competing risks data in medical papers frequently assume independent risks and evaluate covariate effects on these events by modeling distinct proportional hazards regression models for each event. Jeong and Fine (2007) proposed a parametric proportional sub-distribution hazard (SH) model for cumulative incidence functions (CIF) without assumptions about the dependence among the risks. We modified their model to assure that the sum of the underlying CIFs never exceeds one, by assuming a proportional SH model for dementia only in the Nun study. To accommodate left censored data, we computed non-parametric MLE of CIF based on Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Our proposed parametric model was applied to the Nun Study to investigate the effect of genetics and education on the occurrence of dementia. After including left censored dementia subjects, the incidence rate of dementia becomes larger than that of death for age < 90, education becomes significant factor for incidence of dementia and standard errors for estimates are smaller. Multi-state Markov model is often used to analyze the evolution of cognitive states by assuming time independent transition intensities. We consider both constant and duration time dependent transition intensities in BRAiNS data, leading to a mixture of Markov and semi-Markov processes. The joint probability of observing a sequence of same state until transition in a semi-Markov process was expressed as a product of the overall transition probability and survival probability, which were simultaneously modeled. Such modeling leads to different interpretations in BRAiNS study, i.e., family history, APOE4, and sex by head injury interaction are significant factors for transition intensities in traditional Markov model. While in our semi-Markov model, these factors are significant in predicting the overall transition probabilities, but none of these factors are significant for duration time distribution.
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Books on the topic "Models for competing specie"

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Nedergaard Thomsen, Ole, ed. Competing Models of Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.279.

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Beyersmann, Jan, Arthur Allignol, and Martin Schumacher. Competing Risks and Multistate Models with R. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2035-4.

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Arthur, Allignol, Schumacher Martin, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Competing Risks and Multistate Models with R. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012.

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H, Lorenz Edward, and Lundvall Bengt-Åke 1941-, eds. How Europe's economies learn: Coordinating competing models. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Brown, William O. Competing with the NYSE. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Han, Aaron K. Semiparametric estimation of duration and competing risk models. Cambridge, Mass: Dept. of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987.

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Pudney, Stephen. Specification tests for independent competing risks duration models. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Economics, 1993.

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Bera, Anil K. Arch and bilinearity as competing models for nonlinear dependence. Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.

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Neal, Arthur G. Sociological perspectives on modernity: Multiple models and competing realities. New York: Lang, 2008.

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Forstner, Helmut. Competing in a Global Economy. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Models for competing specie"

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Galler, Heinz P. "Competing Risks and Unobserved Heterogeneity, with Special Reference to Dynamic Microsimulation Models." In Household Demography and Household Modeling, 203–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5424-7_9.

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Pintilie, Melania. "Competing Risk Models." In Health Services Evaluation, 433–46. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8715-3_30.

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Tutz, Gerhard, and Matthias Schmid. "Competing Risks Models." In Springer Series in Statistics, 167–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28158-2_8.

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Broström, Göran. "Competing Risks Models." In Event History Analysis with R, 213–22. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429503764-11.

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Hougaard, Philip. "Competing risks models." In Statistics for Biology and Health, 406–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1304-8_12.

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Pintilie, Melania. "Competing Risk Models." In Health Services Research, 1–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6704-9_2-1.

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Ha, Il Do, Jong-Hyeon Jeong, and Youngjo Lee. "Competing Risks Frailty Models." In Statistics for Biology and Health, 125–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6557-6_6.

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Alznauer, Michael. "Competing Models of Success." In Management for Professionals, 221–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45111-3_10.

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Graves, Samuel B., Jeffrey L. Ringuest, and Andrés L. Medaglia. "Evaluating Competing Investments." In Models & Methods for Project Selection, 19–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0280-7_2.

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Brett, E. A. "Competing Models and Developmental Transitions." In Reconstructing Development Theory, 175–92. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05768-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Models for competing specie"

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Chen, Di, Yexiang Xue, Daniel Fink, Shuo Chen, and Carla P. Gomes. "Deep Multi-species Embedding." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/509.

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Understanding how species are distributed across landscapes over time is a fundamental question in biodiversity research. Unfortunately, most species distribution models only target a single species at a time, despite strong ecological evidence that species are not independently distributed. We propose Deep Multi-Species Embedding (DMSE), which jointly embeds vectors corresponding to multiple species as well as vectors representing environmental covariates into a common high-dimensional feature space via a deep neural network. Applied to bird observational data from the citizen science project eBird, we demonstrate how the DMSE model discovers inter-species relationships to outperform single-species distribution models (random forests and SVMs) as well as competing multi-label models. Additionally, we demonstrate the benefit of using a deep neural network to extract features within the embedding and show how they improve the predictive performance of species distribution modelling. An important domain contribution of the DMSE model is the ability to discover and describe species interactions while simultaneously learning the shared habitat preferences among species. As an additional contribution, we provide a graphical embedding of hundreds of bird species in the Northeast US.
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Anderl, Reiner, Thomas Rollmann, Zhenyu Wu, and Youssef Chahadi. "Algorithm-Based Product Development: Refined Concepts and Example Applications." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49778.

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Today’s industry faces the competing pressures of having to develop more and more innovative concepts at less cost. One possibility of supporting these rivaling tasks is leaving the idea of traditional product development and introducing an algorithm-based product development paradigm. By this approach it will be possible to quickly generate a large number of possible solutions based on the future product’s primary specifications and requirements. The result of this process is a set of discrete CAD models for each possible solution, from which the designer can select the most suitable one for his specific task. By this approach, engineers shall be able to plan and design their complete draft in an automated, computer aided way. In short, they need to specify the essential requirements and conditions for their design and subsequently will obtain a set of mathematically and functionally optimized CAD-models, from which the best fitting part geometry can be passed on for production.
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Zhang, Huayong, Tousheng Huang, and Liming Dai. "Two New Competition Indexes on the Basis of Lotka-Volterra Competition Model." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63250.

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In this research, two competition indexes, competing capacity and competing tensor, are brought forward to better understand the interspecific competition between species. With the employment of the two indexes, the competitive process in Lotka-Volterra model can be described much clearly. The strength of competition for a species is divided into three competition grades according to the competing tensor. In the interspecific competition, when two species are in different competition grades, the weak species will be excluded; when two species are in the same grade, the coexistent equilibrium will present. Two cases are studied with the methods by employing the two indexes. In the second case, the stability of equilibrium point is determined by the competing tensor. The new indexes have shown potential in population dynamics analysis.
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Khichar, Mayank, Romir Moza, and Supreet Singh Bahga. "Effect of Surface Conduction on Propagation of Ion-Concentration Shock Waves in Isotachophoresis." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2015-48089.

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Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a widely used nonlinear electrophoretic technique for preconcentration and separation of ionic species. Typically, ITP is performed in microchannels where the effect of surface conduction due to electric double layer (EDL) at channel walls is negligible compared to bulk conduction. However, when electrophoretic techniques such as ITP are integrated in nanochannels or shallow microchannels, surface conduction can alter bulk electrophoretic transport. The existing mathematical models for multispecies electrophoretic transport do not account for the competing effects of surface and bulk conduction. We present a mathematical model for multispecies electrophoretic transport incorporating the effects of surface conduction on bulk ion-transport. Our one-dimensional model is capable of describing electrophoretic systems consisting of arbitrarily large number of co-ions, having same charge polarity as the wall charge, and a single counter-ion. Based on numerical solutions of the governing equations, we show that unlike in conventional ITP where surface conduction is negligible, the zone concentrations do not obey the Kohlrausch regulating function when surface conduction is prominent. Moreover, our simulations show that surface conduction alters the propagation speeds of ion-concentration shock waves in ITP. In addition, surface conduction results in additional shock and expansion waves in ITP which are otherwise not present in conventional ITP.
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Ouyang, Linshu, Yongzheng Zhang, Hui Liu, Yige Chen, and Yipeng Wang. "Gated POS-Level Language Model for Authorship Verification." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/557.

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Authorship verification is an important problem that has many applications. The state-of-the-art deep authorship verification methods typically leverage character-level language models to encode author-specific writing styles. However, they often fail to capture syntactic level patterns, leading to sub-optimal accuracy in cross-topic scenarios. Also, due to imperfect cross-author parameter sharing, it's difficult for them to distinguish author-specific writing style from common patterns, leading to data-inefficient learning. This paper introduces a novel POS-level (Part of Speech) gated RNN based language model to effectively learn the author-specific syntactic styles. The author-agnostic syntactic information obtained from the POS tagger pre-trained on large external datasets greatly reduces the number of effective parameters of our model, enabling the model to learn accurate author-specific syntactic styles with limited training data. We also utilize a gated architecture to learn the common syntactic writing styles with a small set of shared parameters and let the author-specific parameters focus on each author's special syntactic styles. Extensive experimental results show that our method achieves significantly better accuracy than state-of-the-art competing methods, especially in cross-topic scenarios (over 5\% in terms of AUC-ROC).
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Wang, Wendai, and Mingxiao Jiang. "Competing failure or mixed failure models." In 2014 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rams.2014.6798472.

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Lindqvist, Bo H. "Phase-Type Models for Competing Risks." In 2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smrlo.2016.17.

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Johnson, P. J., and M. E. Burke. "The Global Properties of a Two-Dimensional Competing Species Model Exhibiting Mixed Competition." In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814287654_0022.

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Sunilkumar, K., P. S. Sreejith, and N. H. Jayadas. "Service Reliability Analysis Using Competing Risk Models." In 2011 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2011.6040434.

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Kumar, Deepak, Chris Hoyle, Wei Chen, Nanxin Wang, Gianna Gomez-Levi, and Frank S. Koppelman. "Incorporating Customer Preferences and Market Trends in Vehicle Package Design." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35520.

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Demand models play a critical role in enterprise-driven design by expressing revenues and costs as functions of product attributes. However, existing demand modeling approaches in the design literature do not sufficiently address the unique issues that arise when complex systems are being considered. Current approaches typically consider customer preferences for only quantitative product characteristics and do not offer a methodology to incorporate customer preference-data from multiple component/subsystem-specific surveys to make product-level design trade-offs. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical choice modeling approach that addresses the special needs of complex engineering systems. The approach incorporates the use of qualitative attributes and provides a framework for pooling data from multiple sources. Heterogeneity in the market and in customer-preferences is explicitly considered in the choice model to accurately reflect choice behavior. Ordered logistic regression is introduced to model survey-ratings and is shown to be free of the deficiencies associated with competing techniques, and a Nested Logit-based approach is proposed to estimate a system-level demand model by pooling data from multiple component/subsystem-specific surveys. The design of the automotive vehicle occupant package is used to demonstrate the proposed approach and the impact of both packaging design decisions and customer demographics upon vehicle choice are investigated. The focus of this paper is on demonstrating the demand (choice) modeling aspects of the approach rather than on the vehicle package design.
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Reports on the topic "Models for competing specie"

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Lewbel, Arthur, and Sokbae (Simon) Lee. Nonparametric identification of accelerated failure time competing risks models. Institute for Fiscal Studies, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2010.1410.

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Keane, Patrick M. Affirmative Action: A Synthesis of Competing Distributive and Compensatory Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada270811.

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Honore, Bo, and Adriana Lleras Muney. Bounds in Competing Risks Models and the War on Cancer. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10963.

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Finkelstein, Maxim S., and Veronica Esaulova. On asymptotic failure rates in bivariate frailty competing risks models. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2006-023.

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Leigh, Andrew, and Justin Wolfers. Competing Approaches to Forecasting Elections: Economic Models, Opinion Polling and Prediction Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12053.

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Annis, Charles. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Technology Initiatives (NTIP). Delivery Order 0039: Statistical Comparison of Competing Material Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415275.

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Card, David, Raj Chetty, and Andrea Weber. Cash-on-Hand and Competing Models of Intertemporal Behavior: New Evidence from the Labor Market. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12639.

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Lang, Kevin. The Effect of the Payroll Tax on Earnings: A Test of Competing Models of Wage Determination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9537.

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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.

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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.

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Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
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