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Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Russo, Francesco. I porti container italiani nel sistema euro-mediterraneo: Dati di riferimento e stato dell'arte su modelli e metodi per l'analisi di domanda e offerta. Milano: F. Angeli, 2010.

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2

Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games. Toronto: University of Toronto, Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, 1985.

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3

Gentry, William M. Taxes and fringe benefits offered by employers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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4

Woo-Jin, Kim. Motivations for public equity offers: An international perspective. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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5

Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games: Non-steady states. Toronto: Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 1986.

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6

Niederle, Muriel. Market culture: How norms governing exploding offers affect market performance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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7

Peters, Michael. Ex ante price offers in matching games: Non steady states. Toronto: Dept. of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto, 1991.

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8

Albrecht, James W. Job search and the transition to employment: Theory. Göteborg: Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, 1986.

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9

Detragiache, Enrica. Debt restructuring with multiple creditors and the role of exchange offers. [Roma]: Banca d'Italia, 1995.

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10

Paulson, Nick D. Get a GRIP: Should area revenue coverage be offered through the farm bill or as a crop insurance program? Ames, Iowa: Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, 2007.

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11

Dhillon, Upinder Singh. Bond calls, credible commitment, and equity dilution: A theoretical and clinical analysis of Simultaneous Tender and Call (STAC) offers. New York, NY: New York University Salomon Center, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, 1995.

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12

Bebchuk, Lucian A. The "lemons effect" in corporate freeze-outs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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13

Bebchuk, Lucian A. Takeover bids vs. proxy fights in contests for corporate control. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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14

Bebchuk, Lucian A. Efficient and inefficient sales of corporate control. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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15

Holzhey, Christoph F. E., ed. Multistable Figures. Vienna: Turia + Kant, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-08.

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Multistable figures offer an intriguing model for arbitrating conflicting positions. Moving back and forth between the different aspects under which something can be seen, one recognizes that mutually contradictory descriptions can be equally valid and that disputes over the correct account can be resolved without dissolving differences or establishing a higher synthesis. Yet, the experience of a gestalt switch also offers a model for radical conversions and revolutions – that is, for irreversible leaps to incommensurable alternatives foiling ideals of rational choice while providing the possibility and necessity of decision. Accentuating the temporal dimensions of multistable figures, this multidisciplinary volume illuminates the critical potentials and limits of multistability as a complex figure of thought.
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16

Grassini, Maurizio, and Rossella Bardazzi, eds. Structural changes, international trade and multisectoral modelling. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-740-9.

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In September 2007 the national team members of the International Inforum (Interindustry Forecasting Project at the University of Maryland) group held the XV annual World Conference in Truijllo, Spain. Such Conferences offer the participants to report their achievements in the different fields concerning the macroeconomic multisectoral modeling approach and data development. The national partners build their country model based on a common input-output accounting structure and a similar econometric modeling approach for sectoral and macroeconomic variables. In each Conference, the contributions refer to the wide spectrum of research activities carried on within the Inforum system of models.
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17

Ashenfelter, Orley. Strategic bargaining behavior, self-serving biases, and the role of expert agents: An empirical study of final-offer arbitration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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18

Ashenfelter, Orley. Strategic bargaining behavior, self-serving biases, and the role of expert agents: An empirical study of final-offer arbitration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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19

Posted Price Offers in Internet Auction Markets. Springer, 2006.

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20

Seifert, Stefan. Posted Price Offers in Internet Auction Markets. Springer London, Limited, 2006.

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21

Fine, Terrence. Mathematical Alternatives to Standard Probability that Provide Selectable Degrees of Precision. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.11.

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This chapter challenges the nearly universal reliance upon standard mathematical probability for mathematical modeling of chance and uncertain phenomena, and offers four alternatives. In standard practice, precise assignments are made inappropriately, even to the occurrences of events that may be unobservable in principle. Four familiar examples of chance or uncertain phenomena are discussed, about which this is true. The theory of measurement provides an understanding of the relationship between the accuracy of information and the precision with which the phenomenon under examination should be modeled mathematically. The model of modal or classificatory probability offers the least precision. Comparative probability, plausibility/belief functions and upper/lower probabilities are carefully considered. The selectable precision of these alternative mathematical models of chance and uncertainty makes for an improved range of levels of accuracy in modeling the empirical domain phenomena of chance, uncertainty, and indeterminacy. Knowledge of such models encourages further thought in this direction.
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22

Lowrie, Michèle, and Barbara Vinken. Correcting Rome with Rome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803034.003.0009.

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Victor Hugo’s Quatrevingt-treize, this chapter argues, uses a classicizing allusive technique to set different models of Rome against each other, so that each corrects the flaws or errors of the other. Vergilian refoundation counteracts Lucan’s perpetual civil war. Augustine’s Civitas Dei counteracts the fruitlessness of suicide and promises to bring closure to the perennial cycle of refoundation and collapse. But the Roman Church, for Hugo, has failed to live up to the promise of Christianity and classical Rome offers literature itself as the secular institution that will bring Hugo’s progressive vision to fruition. Quatrevingt-treize presents every model of Rome as flawed, but Roman models offer the very framework for combating the Roman inheritance. Could such a dialectical reception of Roman antiquity, this chapter asks, in fact be a “better” way—even the “right” way—to practice reception?
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23

Brockmeier, Jens. From Memory as Archive to Remembering as Conversation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190230814.003.0003.

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This chapter is concerned with changes in the understanding of remembering and forgetting. It pays particular attention to the emergence of alternative visions that challenge the traditional archival model of memory and offers new ways to conceive of mnemonic practices as cultural practices. Starting with a discussion of archival models in contemporary scientific memory research, it then examines new models of memory that aim to capture what archival models tend to ignore: the social, societal, and cultural dynamic of human remembering. In this way, the focus shifts to postarchival memory models that have emerged in clinical disciplines, the social sciences, and the humanities. The chapter concludes by discussing one approach to remembering and forgetting that conceives of them as inherently social practices—as practices that, it is suggested, should be understood after the model of conversation rather than the archival model of individual retrieval.
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24

Williamson, John H., Antti Oulasvirta, Per Ola Kristensson, and Nikola Banovic, eds. Bayesian Methods for Interaction and Design. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108874830.

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Intended for researchers and practitioners in interaction design, this book shows how Bayesian models can be brought to bear on problems of interface design and user modelling. It introduces and motivates Bayesian modelling and illustrates how powerful these ideas can be in thinking about human-computer interaction, especially in representing and manipulating uncertainty. Bayesian methods are increasingly practical as computational tools to implement them become more widely available, and offer a principled foundation to reason about interaction design. The book opens with a self-contained tutorial on Bayesian concepts and their practical implementation, tailored for the background and needs of interaction designers. The contributed chapters cover the use of Bayesian probabilistic modelling in a diverse set of applications, including improving pointing-based interfaces; efficient text entry using modern language models; advanced interface design using cutting-edge techniques in Bayesian optimisation; and Bayesian approaches to modelling the cognitive processes of users.
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25

Bollen, Kenneth A., Sophia Rabe‐Hesketh, and Anders Skrondal. Structural Equation Models. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0018.

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This article explains the use of factor analysis types of models to develop measures of latent concepts which were then combined with causal models of the underlying latent concepts. In particular, it offers an overview of the classic structural equation models (SEMs) when the latent and observed variables are continuous. Then it looks at more recent developments that include categorical, count, and other noncontinuous variables as well as multilevel structural equation models. The model specification, assumptions, and notation are covered. This is followed by addressing implied moments, identification, estimation, model fit, and respecification. The penetration of SEMs has been high in disciplines such as sociology, psychology, educational testing, and marketing, but lower in economics and political science despite the large potential number of applications. Today, SEMs have begun to enter the statistical literature and to re-enter biostatistics, though often under the name ‘latent variable models’ or ‘graphical models’.
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26

Fomenko, Anatoly. History: Fiction or Science? Dating methods as offered by mathematical statistics. Eclipses and zodiacs. Chronology Vol.I. 2nd ed. Delamere Resources, 2007.

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27

Dacome, Lucia. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736189.003.0001.

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Over the course of the eighteenth century, anatomical models were propelled to the forefront of the anatomical world. The Introduction highlights how anatomical models became important social, cultural, and political as well as medical tools. Moreover, it sheds light on what a microhistorical perspective can offer to the study of anatomical modelling and anatomical displays. On the one hand, it points to how such an approach allows us to appreciate the fluidity of meaning that characterized the early stages of anatomical modelling and the variety of actors, including makers, students, artists, and lay audiences, who were involved in its development. On the other hand, it situates anatomical modelling in the context of a complex world of social interaction that encompassed various domains, including artisanal, antiquarian, devotional, and medical cultures; patronage and commerce; the emerging phenomenon of celebrity; and the development of observational practices that were incidental to Grand Tour culture.
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28

Sapiri, Hasimah, Jafri Zulkepli Hew, Norazura Ahmad, Norhaslinda Zainal Abidin, and Nurul Nazihah Hawari. Introduction to system dynamic modelling and vensim software. UUM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672064084.

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System dynamics simulation modelling technique is taught to students at undergraduate and graduate levels.The students are taught how to develop a system dynamics model of the system under study. This book is written to help students understand the concepts and fundamental elements of system dynamics simulation, and provide a step-by-step guide in conducting a system dynamics study. This book is suitable for students who are studying system dynamics simulation modelling at undergraduate and graduate levels.It offers the concepts and application of system dynamics as well as provides an approach for modelling effectively.Having read this book, the reader will be able to: Learn the concept of system dynamics simulation and its application, Understand the important steps of modelling process, andConduct a system dynamics study successfully.
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29

Gauthier, Ryan. Competition Law, Free Movement of Players, and Nationality Restrictions. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.26.

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This chapter examines restrictions that professional sports leagues and governing bodies place on the freedom of movement of professional players—both negotiated and imposed—and how these restrictions fit within the antitrust/competition and labor law regimes. This chapter engages in a comparison of the North American and European “models” of restrictions and finds that the North American “model” is more likely to withstand antitrust/competition law scrutiny. The North American model falls under the protections offered to collectively bargained agreements, while the European model currently faces scrutiny for potential violations of European competition law. Nevertheless, this chapter suggests that these two models are likely to converge as the internationalization of sport continues. European governing bodies may be pushed to negotiate with players more in the future, while North American leagues are already adopting “European” practices in regard to facilitating player movement among other professional leagues.
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30

Weiskopf, Daniel A. The Explanatory Autonomy of Cognitive Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685509.003.0003.

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Psychology and neuroscience offer distinctive ways of modeling the mind/brain. However, cognitive and neural models often have significantly different structures, raising challenging questions about how they should be integrated to provide a complete picture of how the mind/brain system is organized. According to a certain mechanistic perspective, cognitive models should be viewed as being sketchy, incomplete versions of the fuller and more adequate models produced by neuroscience. Psychology is essentially an approximation to the mechanistic explanations given in neuroscience. Cognitive models are inherently inadequate, pending their gaps being filled in by a completed neuroscientific model. I argue that cognitive models are autonomous: they are sufficient in themselves to give adequate explanations of psychological and behavioral phenomena. In particular, they are not mere sketches, or approximations to underlying neuroscientific explanations. I offer a criterion for how psychological entities and processes may be real despite not mapping onto entities in neural mechanisms.
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31

van Gelder, Jean-Louis. Dual-Process Models of Criminal Decision Making. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.8.

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This chapter discusses the application of dual-process and dual-system models to offender decision making. It is argued that these models offer a more accurate account of the decision process than the traditional choice models in criminology, such as rational choice and deterrence models, and can overcome their various limitations. Specific attention is devoted to the hot/cool perspective of criminal decision making, which takes the dual-process hypothesis as a point of departure. This model is rooted in the idea that both “cool” cognition and “hot” affect, or thinking and feeling, guide behavior and that understanding their interaction is fundamental for understanding how people make criminal choices.
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32

Dacome, Lucia. Malleable Anatomies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736189.001.0001.

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Malleable Anatomies examines the early stages of the practice of anatomical modelling. It investigates the ‘mania’ for anatomical displays that swept the Italian peninsula in the mid-eighteenth century, and traces the fashioning of anatomical models as important social, cultural, and political as well as medical tools. Anatomical models offered special insights into the inner body. Being coloured, soft, and malleable, they fostered anatomical knowledge in delightful ways. But how did anatomical models inscribe and mediate bodily knowledge? How did they change the way in which anatomical knowledge was created and communicated? And how did they affect the lives of those involved in their production, display, viewing, and handling? Examining the circumstances surrounding the making and early viewing of anatomical displays in Bologna, Naples, and Palermo, Malleable Anatomies addresses these questions by reconstructing how anatomical modelling developed at the intersection of medical knowledge, religious ritual, antiquarian and artistic cultures, and Grand Tour display. While doing so, it investigates the development of anatomical modelling in the context of the diverse visual and material practices that characterized the representation and display of the body. Drawing attention to the artisanal dimension of anatomical practice, and the role of women as both makers and users, it considers how anatomical models lay at the centre of a composite world of social interactions that led to the fashioning of modellers as anatomical celebrities. Moreover, it examines how anatomical displays transformed the proverbially gruesome practice of anatomy into an enthralling experience that engaged audiences’ senses and affects.
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33

Wainger, Brian J. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0028.

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Mouse and cellular models of ALS including stem cells have revealed tremendous insight into the molecular processes that lead to ALS. Models of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases have led to emergent molecular themes that span several diseases. Future models must account for neuronal subtype specificity of different neurodegenerative diseases, particularly between tightly related diseases such as FTD and ALS. Human iPSC-derived motor neurons offer promise both with regard to the use of human cells and in particular the ability to model sporadic disease, which is critically important given the overwhelming abundance of sporadic disease in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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34

Hitchcock, Christopher. Causal Modelling. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0015.

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‘Causal modelling’ is a general term that applies to a wide variety of formal methods for representing, and facilitating inferences about, causal relationships. The end of the twentieth century saw an explosion of work on causal modelling, with contributions from such fields as statistics, computer science, and philosophy; as well as from more subject-specific disciplines such as econometrics and epidemiology. This article focuses on two programmes that have attracted considerable philosophical attention, one due to the computer scientist Judea Pearl and his collaborators, and the other to the philosophers Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines. It offers a much simplified presentation of causal models that emphasizes various points of philosophical interest.
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35

Youngjoon, Kwon. Contract Formation and Third Party Beneficiaries in Korea. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808114.003.0014.

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This chapter 14 discusses the rules on contract formation and third party beneficiaries in Korea. These can be found in the Korean Civil Code of 1960 that is closely modelled on the Japanese Civil Code, therefore many of its solutions can be ultimately traced back to German law. For a binding contract to be made, Korean law only requires an agreement which is normally constituted by an offer and a matching acceptance; there is no requirement of consideration, and as a general rule there is freedom of form—only limited statutory exceptions impose formal requirements for specific types of contract. Offers must be sufficient and sufficiently definite, and they must be made with the intention to be legally bound. They become effective once they reach the offeree. After that they are, in principle, irrevocable—a position only slightly softened by a 2014 Ministry of Justice draft amendment. The draft also suggests abolishing the common law-style ‘mailbox rule’ that the Code inherited from the Japanese Civil Code.
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36

Bourgeois, James, Mary Ann Cohen, John Grimaldi, Jon A. Levenson, Yavar Moghimi, Weston Fisher, and David Tran. Models of Care for Patients With HIV. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0007.

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Numerous contemporary clinical models for the delivery and coordination of psychiatric and other mental health care for patients with HIV within outpatient medical care settings are described in this chapter. Care for patients’ multimorbid psychiatric illness in the context of general medical care for HIV-associated conditions is a pragmatic application of the Engel biopsychosocial model and offers the opportunity for interprofessional collegiality and collaborative care in managing the clinical illnesses and other challenges faced by persons with HIV. The functional descriptions of the various care delivery models include the strengths and challenges faced in operating within these models. Detailed discussions of well-established HIV care delivery models in Boston, New York, and San Francisco are included to illustrate how to tailor the integration of psychiatric services in various institutional settings.
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37

Luke, Nottage. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation I: Arts 2.1.1–2.1.5—Offer, Art.2.1.3. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0019.

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This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.3 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the withdrawal of an offer. An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offer before or at the same time as the offeree. Like the principle in Art 2.1.3(1) PICC, most national legal systems also recognize the principle in Art 2.1.3(2) that an offer does not remain effective if received before or at the same rime as the offer is withdrawn. The latter principle protects the offeror's freedom to change its mind and not enter into a contract at all, or only on any subsequently proposed terms. This is consistent with a classical or neoclassical model of contract law and creates quite a high threshold for entering into binding contracts. The party alleging an offer has the burden of proof to establish that it has been received. This can be rebutted by the other party.
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38

Zarowin, Paul. Estimation of Discretionary Accruals and the Detection of Earnings Management. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.20.

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This article reviews recent research on the estimation of discretionary accruals and the detection of earnings management. There has been an explosive growth in research on accrual earnings management over the past twenty years, and almost all has used the Jones (1991) model or one of its close derivatives. Nevertheless, a growing literature has addressed the model’s problems and attempted to improve its estimation of discretionary accruals. The model’s incomplete characterization of how nondiscretionary accruals are determined by the firm’s operations can cause either Type I or Type II errors. This article categorizes recent articles into four groups based on their focus and solution, and while there is no panacea for the problems and no consensus on a new model or method, research offers hope that accrual earnings management is more likely to be detected when it exists and is less likely to be erroneously detected when it is absent (i.e., lower Type II and Type I errors, respectively).
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39

Sara, Solomon. The Classical Arabic Lexicographical Tradition. Edited by Jonathan Owens. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764136.013.0023.

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This article discusses three basic paradigmatic models that Arabic lexicographers adopted over time: (I) al-Khaliil’s model in Kitaab al-ʕayn; (II) al-Jawharii’s model in alhaah; and (III) al-Bustaanii’s model in Kitaab muħiiṭ al-muħiiṭ. Though the three approaches are procedurally opposed, all account for the lexical data of Arabic, offer justifiable procedures of how to account for the complexity of the data, and are maximally different from each other. The article presents a biographical sketch of these selected lexicographers, followed by a discussion of the design and composition of their dictionaries and where they fit in the historical flow of Arabic linguistic activity of their time.
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40

Ritzinger, Justin R. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491161.003.0001.

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The introduction presents the anomaly at the heart of the study: namely, that the “reform faction” of modern Chinese Buddhism, which is generally portrayed as demythologized, promoted devotion to the bodhisattva Maitreya and rebirth in his heavenly pure land. It frames this anomaly in the context of scholarship on modern Buddhism and Chinese religions and lays out a “pull” model of religious modernization derived from the thought of Charles Taylor as a counterbalance to the prevailing “push” models derived from Weberian and postmodernist models. It also introduces the four key aspects of the earlier Maitreyan tradition and offers a discussion of the sources, structure, and significance of the work.
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41

Del Giudice, Marco. Evolutionary Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190246846.001.0001.

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This book presents a unified approach to evolutionary psychopathology, and advances an integrative framework for the analysis and classification of mental disorders based on the concepts of life history theory. The framework does not aim to replace existing evolutionary models of specific disorders—which are reviewed and critically discussed in the book—but to connect them in a broader perspective and explain the large-scale patterns of risk and comorbidity that characterize psychopathology. The life history framework permits a seamless integration of mental disorders with normative individual differences in personality and cognition, and offers new conceptual tools for the analysis of developmental, genetic, and neurobiological data. The concepts synthesized in the book are used to derive a new taxonomy of mental disorders, the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model. The FSD model is the first classification system explicitly based on evolutionary concepts, a biologically grounded alternative to transdiagnostic models based on empirical correlations between symptoms. The book reviews a wide range of common mental disorders, discusses their classification in the FSD model, and identifies functional subtypes within existing diagnostic categories.
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42

Kalmoun, El Mostafa, Azizan Saaban, Haslinda Ibrahim, Razamin Ramli, and Zurni Omar. Multilevel Optimization for Dense Motion Estimation. UUM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474274.

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This monograph offers design for fast and reliable technique in the dense motion estimation. This Multilevel Optimization for Dense Motion Estimation work blends both theory and applications to equip reader with an understanding of basic concepts necessary to apply in solving dense motion in a sequence of images. Illustrating well-known variation models for dealing with optical flow estimation, this monograph introduces variation models with applications. A host of variation models are outlines such as Horn-Schunck model, Contrast Invariation Models and Models for Large Displacement. Special attention is also given to multilevel optimization techniques namely multiresolution and multigrid methods to improve the convergence of the global optimum when compared to using only one level resolution in the context of computer vision. This monograph is a robust resource that provides insightful introduction to the field of image processing with its theory and applications. Overall, Multilevel Optimization for Dense Motion Estimation is highly recommended for scientists and engineers for an excellent choice for references and self-study.
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43

Mukhtarov, Farhad, and Katherine A. Daniell. Transfer, Diffusion, Adaptation, and Translation of Water Policy Models. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.30.

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Intensive cross-border movement of policy models is ubiquitous in the water sector. Examples include Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Water User Associations (WUAs), and River Basin Organizations (RBOs), which have traveled around the world. However, despite the spread of global water policy models and their potential importance for sustainable development, scholars have struggled to develop adequate accounts of this process. To bridge this gap, we examine the extant analytical and methodological tools to study the movement of water policy models. We focus on the fit between a policy model and the context, the micro-politics of knowledge translation, and the inherent contingencies involved in water policy. Having recognized these obstacles, we offer some ways of conceptualizing the movement of water policy models. We illustrate each approach with vignettes from around the world.
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44

Kulvicki, John. Modeling the Meanings of Pictures. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847472.001.0001.

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Pictures are important parts of communicative acts, along with language, gesture, facial expressions, and props. They express wide ranges of thoughts, make assertions, offer warnings, instructions, and commands. Pictures are also representations. They have meanings, which help explain the range of communicative uses to which they can be put. Modeling the meanings of pictures is accounting for the ways in which pictures manage to be meaningful, with an eye toward how those meanings let us use them as we do. The philosophy of language is the most obvious place to look for tools that model meanings. This book offers an account of the many ways in which pictures can be meaningful, which is inspired by the philosophy of language. Its aim is to do justice to the range of communicative uses to which pictures are put. Two main threads run through the book. The first is the meaning thread: Chapters 2, 4, 5, and 6. It unpacks and models many kinds of pictorial meaning. The other is the parts thread: Chapters 3, 7, and 8. This explains how pictures have meaningful parts, why this matters for understanding their uses in communication, and also how this offers a new way to understand what makes pictorial representations so different from language.
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45

Green, Peter, Kanti Mardia, Vysaul Nyirongo, and Yann Ruffieux. Bayesian modelling for matching and alignment of biomolecules. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.2.

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This article describes Bayesian modelling for matching and alignment of biomolecules. One particular task where statistical modelling and inference can be useful in scientific understanding of protein structure is that of matching and alignment of two or more proteins. In this regard, statistical shape analysis potentially has something to offer in solving biomolecule matching and alignment problems. The article discusses the use of Bayesian methods for shape analysis to assist with understanding the three-dimensional structure of protein molecules, with a focus on the problem of matching instances of the same structure in the CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) database of steroid molecules. It introduces a Bayesian hierarchical model for pairwise matching and for alignment of multiple configurations before concluding with an overview of some advantages of the Bayesian approach to problems in protein bioinformatics, along with modelling and computation issues, alternative approaches, and directions for future research.
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Sawchuk, Tyson, Joan K. Austin, and Debbie Terry. Models of Care. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0012.

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This chapter addresses common barriers to care delivery in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and limitations of current approaches. Theoretical and practical considerations in delivering PNES care are discussed. These include a stepped-care approach, which offers a strategy for efficiently managing health care resources and has promise in treatment of PNES. Patient-centered care, a general approach to providing health care services in a manner that takes into consideration the patients’ expressed needs, desires, and preferences, is also considered. Examples of care models are presented, including a pediatric model for PNES recently developed and being tested in a Canadian hospital setting. Future directions for the development of care models in PNES are discussed and a list of recommendations is provided.
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HO, Lusina. Contract Formation in Hong Kong. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808114.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the law on contract formation in Hong Kong which is closely modelled on the English common law but adapts the English solutions to the local context if and when required. The test for ascertaining the parties’ meeting of the minds is objective, the agreement (an offer with a matching acceptance) must be certain, complete, and made with the intention to create legal relations—the latter being presumed to be present in a commercial context and absent in a familial or social context. Offers are freely revocable although the reliance of the offeree is protected in exceptional circumstances. Acceptances become effective as soon as they are dispatched. In the ‘battle of forms’ scenario, the Hong Kong courts follow the traditional ‘last-shot’ rule. There is no general duty to negotiate in good faith, and even agreements to negotiate in good faith are normally unenforceable for lack of certainty. As a general rule, contracts can be validly made without adhering to any formal requirement. Online contracts will normally be valid and enforceable; the formation of such contracts is governed by common law as supplemented by legislation.
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Lackey, Jennifer. Experts and Peer Disagreement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798705.003.0012.

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It is often argued that widespread disagreement among epistemic peers in a domain threatens expertise in that domain. This chapter sketches two different conceptions of expertise: the expert-as-authority and the expert-as-advisor models. While it is standard for philosophers to understand expertise as authoritative, such an approach renders the problem posed by widespread peer disagreement intractable. This chapter argues, however, that there are independent reasons to reject both this model of expertise and the central argument offered on its behalf. The chapter then develops an alternative approach—one that understands expertise in terms of advice—that not only avoids the problems afflicting the expert-as-authority model, but also has the resources for a much more satisfying response to the problem of widespread peer disagreement.
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Rivera, Takeo. Model Minority Masochism. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197557488.001.0001.

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There are few grand narratives that loom over Asian Americans more than the “model minority.” While many Asian Americanist scholars and activists aim to disprove the model minority as “myth,” author Takeo Rivera instead rethinks the model minority as cultural politics. Rather than disproving the model minority, Rivera instead argues that Asian Americans have formulated their racial and gendered subjectivities in relation to what Rivera terms “model minority masochism.” Rivera details two complementary forms of contemporary racial masochism: a self-subjugating masochism which embraces the model minority, and its opposite, a self-flagellating masochism that punishes oneself for having been associated with the model minority at all. Drawing from performance studies, queer theory, techno-orientalism, and new media studies, Model Minority Masochism covers a range of contemporary objects across multiple media that variously exhibit and deepen these iterations of masochism: the 1982 murder of Vincent Chin and its multiple performance responses, the plays of Philip Kan Gotanda and Ping Chong, experimental fiction, Marvel comics, and the video game Deus Ex: Human Revolution. Building upon previous models of melancholy and castration, Model Minority Masochism offers a new theory of Asian American subject formation that accounts for both resistance and accommodation vital for the contemporary moment.
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Mitcheson, Katrina. Visual Art and Self-Construction. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748693672.001.0001.

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Starting from the criticisms of a simple, given self found in Nietzsche, Freud and Foucault, Visual Art and Self-Construction employs artworks to address the problem of how a complex self, incorporating multiple drives, is constructed, and how a hermeneutics of the self can avoid reproducing a subjugated self. Literary artworks have previously been looked to for models of self-construction, and narrative theories of the self turn to the novel in particular as a paradigm of self-unification. Exploring the narrative theory of the self advanced by Paul Ricoeur this book argues that narrative theories inevitably offer a restrictive account of self-construction which both overlooks various ways in which the self is already being constructed in the context of power relations and how the self could be re-constructed. Visual Art and Self-Construction offers a fresh approach, looking beyond the model of literature, and employing a range of visual art to offer an alternative account of self-construction to narrative theory, which can incorporate multiple, bodily processes. It explores work by artists including Louise Bourgeois, Francis Bacon, Cindy Sherman, Rebecca Horn, Steve McQueen, Mona Hatoum Claude Cahun, and Joseph Beuys showing how they can be employed as technologies of the self to understand self-construction, resist subjugation, and exploit the possibilities of self-transformation.
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