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Academic literature on the topic 'Modélisation hiérarchique spatiale'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modélisation hiérarchique spatiale"
Sall, Ciré Elimane. "Modélisation spatiale hiérarchique bayésienne de l'apparentement génétique et de l'héritabilité en milieu naturel à l'aide de marqueurs moléculaires." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20259.
Full textKnowledge of genetic relatedness between individuals combined with phenotypic information allows estimating the heritability of character of interest. Estimate the heritability in natural populations remains an actual challenge. But, in natural populations, pedigree is unknown. The use of molecular markers allows estimating first relatedness and then the heritability. However, classical approaches do not allow introducing exogeneous information such as geographical information. Nevertheless, we can assume that more two individuals are spatially closed more they are genetically closed. The aim of this study was to develop statistical models allowing the estimation of the relatedness and the heritability simultaneously using molecular markers as well as the spatial information. In the first part, we developed a hierarchical spatial bayesian model for relatedness taking into account spatial information. As the likelihood of data given by the identity-by-state mode of pairs of genotypes, is not tractable, we proposed the use of the composite likelihood approaches. The link between identity-by-descent mode and spatial distance is made using ordinal Probit models belonging to the generalized linear models. In the second part, we proposed to model relatedness and heritability simultaneously. We gave, in the third part, different MCMC algorithms for model inference. Finally, the spatial model for relatedness interest is emphasized by an application on Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) data
Roche, Jean-Christophe. "Localisation spatiale par subdivision pour l'accélération des calculs en radiométrie :." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006752.
Full textAcar, Alper. "Optimal Urban Planning and Housing Prices : a Spatial Analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCG008.
Full textThis dissertation studies the effect of optimal urban planning on housing prices diffusion in local real-estate markets. The study uses facility location theory and spatial econometrics to investigate how graph properties and optimal location models can contribute to a better understanding and evaluation of the impact of spatial multiplier effects in the economy. To this end, the research is based on a methodology that combines the creation of decision-support tools and the study of real estate prices using hierarchical spatial econometric models. The results states that using optimal spatial relationships enables a more precise analysis of the impacts of urban planning on the diffusion of prices. Conversely, the consideration of “classical” spatial relationships either underestimates or overestimates the spatial impacts
Alglave, Baptiste. "Inférer la distribution spatio-temporelle des espèces d’intérêt halieutique et identifier leurs habitats essentiels : modéliser l’échantillonnage préférentiel et le changement de support pour intégrer des sources de données hétérogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARH117.
Full textMapping fish distribution and identifying fish essential habitats grounds is key to ensure species renewal and manage the marine space. Information on the location of fish essential habitats and specifically of fish spawning grounds is still lacking for many harvested species.The reference data to map fish distribution and identify spawning grounds are scientific survey data. These data benefit from a standardized sampling protocol. However, due to their costs, they also generally suffer from a low sampling density in space and time. In particular, they generally occur once or twice a year and they may mismatch fish reproduction.Commercial declarations combined with Vessel Monitoring System data could prove highly valuable to complement the information brought by scientific survey data as fishermen landings provide information on the full year with a much denser sampling density. In this PhD, we developed an integrated statistical framework that allows to combine commercial and scientific data sources to infer fish distribution in space and time. Our approach accounts for fishermen targeting behavior towards areas of higher biomass (preferential sampling) and allows to infer fine scale species distribution based on spatially aggregated declarations data (change of support). We demonstrate the ability of the framework to produce monthly maps of fish distribution and to identify aggregation areas during reproduction season. We also outline the potential applications of the framework for Marine Spatial Planning and discuss several extensions that could be added to the actual model
Ancelet, Sophie. "Exploiter l'approche hiérarchique bayésienne pour la modélisation statistique de structures spatiales: application en écologie des populations." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004396.
Full textGosme, Marie. "Modélisation du développement spatio-temporel des maladies d'origine tellurique." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130776.
Full textChagneau, Pierrette. "Modélisation bayésienne hiérarchique pour la prédiction multivariée de processus spatiaux non gaussiens et processus ponctuels hétérogènes d'intensité liée à une variable prédite : application à la prédiction de la régénération en forêt tropicale humide." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20157.
Full textOne of the weak points of forest dynamics models is the recruitment. Classically, ecologists make the assumption that recruitment mainly depends on both spatial pattern of mature trees and environment. A detailed inventory of the stand and the environmental conditions enabled them to show the effects of these two factors on the local density of seedlings. In practice, such information is not available: only a part of seedlings is sampled and the environment is partially observed. The aim of the paper is to propose an approach in order to predict the spatial distribution and the seedlings genotype on the basis of a reasonable sampling of seedling, mature trees and environmental conditions. The spatial pattern of the seedlings is assumed to be a realization of a marked point process. The intensity of the process is not only related to the seed and pollen dispersal but also to the sapling survival. The sapling survival depends on the environment; so the environment must be predicted on the whole study area. The environment is characterized through spatial variables of different nature and predictions are obtained using a spatial hierarchical model. Unlike the existing models which assume the environmental covariables as exactly known, the recruitment model we propose takes into account the error related to the prediction of the environment. The prediction of seedling recruitment in tropical rainforest in French Guiana illustrates our approach
Bonsu, Kofi. "Urban hierarchy and the analysis of spatial patterns : towards explicit fractal modelling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2021.
Full textThe thesis aims to explore the potential of empirical results in identifying urban centers and subcenters by utilizing built-up data extracted from freely-available remote sensing images and fractal analyses. It addresses the challenge of data unavailability in this context. While various methods have been employed in literature, such as minimum cut-off point, spatial statistical methods, and hedonic price method, these are predominantly based on the local context of developed nations, with limited studies focused on developing nations due to data scarcity. This research seeks to fill this gap by investigating the effectiveness of fractal geometry in explicitly identifying urban centers and subcenters, characterizing their spatial organization for urban growth analysis, and delineating urban growth patterns based on the spatial arrangement of urban centers, subcenters, and primary transportation networks. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informed urban planning and infrastructure decisions. Using the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) as a case study, freely available satellite images spanning from 1991 to 2022 were downloaded and classified using various techniques including random forest, support vector machine, and simple linear iterative cluster (SLIC) with K-Means to extract built-up patterns. A longitudinal analysis was conducted to assess the impact of urban growth on biodiversity, revealing shifts in land cover composition with built-up areas increasingly dominating over vegetation, leading to habitat fragmentation. Land cover and landscape patterns for 2030 were successfully predicted, emphasizing the importance of landscape connectivity and habitat fragmentation in evaluating ecological processes and urban development impacts. Furthermore, multi-radial fractal analysis and mathematical morphology were employed to identify urban centers and subcenters from remote sensing data, based on fractal dimensions and spatial organization. A conceptual urban growth model was developed to visualize expected urban expansion patterns. These findings contribute significantly to the identification and spatial organization of urban centers and subcenters, particularly in cities lacking adequate statistical or geospatial data, especially in developing countries. Replicating this methodology could contribute to a more comprehensive global database on cities