Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation du transport des solutés'
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Carrayrou, Jérôme. "Modélisation du transport de solutés réactifs en milieu poreux saturé." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2001/Carrayrou_Jerome_2001.pdf.
Full textFahs, Marwan. "Modélisation du transport réactif multicomposants en milieu poreux saturé." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/FAHS_Marwan_2007.pdf.
Full textThe modeling of reactive transport is done sequentially with the operator splitting approach or simultaneously with the global approach. The first work in reactive transport showed the superiority of (OS) compared to (GA). However, recent work highlighted the OS weakness in certain configurations. In the first part of this work we studied the tow approaches (OS) and (GA) for various configurations of chemistry-transport. In order to avoid the major disadvantage of (GA), who is the high cost in CPU time, we developed a new efficient and robust model. The obtained results show that, with this model, (GA) becomes more efficient and more precise than (OS). This advantage becomes more important in the case of complex chemistry with sorption and precipitation/dissolution reactions. The second part of this work is interested to the development of numerical schemes for modeling reactive transport. In fact, the majority of the existing models use Eulerian methods for the transport equations. These methods require a very fine space and time discretization and consequently a prohibitory CPU times. In order to solve this problem, we use in this work the Eulerian Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM). The objective of this work is to develop the potentialities of ELLAM to solve the reactive transport problem. The first step of this part consists in combining the ELLAM with OS and GA. The obtained results show that for kinetic reactions, OS_ELLAM is more efficient than GA_ELLAM. However, for the equilibrium reactions, ELLAM_GA becomes preferable. The second step is the improvement of the ELLAM in order to avoid the numerical diffusion problem. A new formulation of ELLAM is developed. This formulation was tested for linear and nonlinear transport. The result shows that our new approach is less sensitive to the time step and avoids any numerical diffusion
Tran, Ngoc Tien Dung. "Transport de solutés dans un milieu à double-porosité non saturé. Modélisation par homogénéisation et applications." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10097.
Full textThis Ph. D thesis presents the development of the solute transport models in unsaturated double-porosity medium, by using the asymptotic homogenization method. The obtained macroscopic models concern diffusion, diffusion-convection and dispersion-convection, according to the transport regime which is characterized by the non-dimensional numbers. The models consist of two coupled equations that show the local non-equilibrium of concentrations. The double-porosity transport models were numerically implemented using the code COMSOL Multiphysics (finite elements method), and compared with the solution of the same problem at the fine scale. The implementation allows solving the coupled equations in the macro- and micro-porosity domains (two-scale computations). The calculations of the dispersion tensor as a solution of the local boundary value problems, were also conducted. It was shown that the dispersivity depends on the saturation, the physical properties of the macro-porosity domain and the internal structure of the double-porosity medium. Finally, two series of experiments were performed on a physical model of double-porosity that is composed of a periodic assemblage of sintered clay spheres in Hostun sand HN38. The first experiment was a drainage experiment, which was conducted in order to validate the unsaturated flow model. The second series was a dispersion experiment in permanent unsaturated water flow condition (water content measured by gamma ray attenuation technique). A good agreement between the numerical simulations and the experimental observations allows the validation of the developed models
Tran, Ngoc Tien Dung. "Transport de solutés dans un milieu à double-porosité non saturé. Modélisation par homogénéisation et applications." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327123.
Full textFauré, Marie-Hélène. "Migration de particules et solutés en milieu poreux : modélisation du transport simultané de particules argileuses et de radionucléides sous l'effet d'un gradient de salinité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL046N.
Full textOrgogozo, Laurent. "Transport de soluté biologiquement actif en milieu poreux incluant une phase biofilm : de la modélisation numérique aux perspectives expérimentales." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL091N/document.
Full textModeling transport in porous media of organic chemical solute in presence of a bacterial population growing as biofilms is an important area of research for environmental applications, for example for remediation of groundwater contaminated by organic pollutants (biosparging, bio-barriers …). Biofilms, which are composed of bacteria and extracellular organic substances, grow on the pore walls of the porous medium. Bacteria degrade the organic solute by their metabolism and thus may contribute to pollution decrease. Bio-reactive transport of an organic solute in a porous medium including a biofilm phase is a strongly multi-scale (from the bacteria scale to the heterogeneity scale of the aquifer) and coupled (involving hydrodynamic, physicochemical and biochemical phenomena) process. The organic solute is transported by convection and diffusion in the fluid phase and diffuses into the biofilm phase, where it is degraded by bacterial metabolism. The goal of this work is to develop macroscopic models of bio-reactive transport at the Darcy-scale through volume averaging based on the data available at pore-scale. In the general case, the macroscopic system obtained by averaging pore-scale equations is a two coupled equations system (one equation for each phase), called two-equation model. By considering the relation between averaged concentration in the fluid phase and averaged concentration in the biofilm phase, several regimes of transport can be found which allow simplifying this system into a one equation system. The local mass equilibrium assumption leads to such a simplified model. When an equilibrium relationship between phases cannot be considered, a one equation model may though be developed if the biodegration rate is limited by external mass transfer or by the kinetics of bacterial metabolism. The use of these models implies the numerical solving of closure problems, in order to set up the values of the macroscopic transport parameters (dispersion tensor, interfacial flux …). Computations of these effective coefficients have been performed in different situations of mass transport in porous medium in order to study their behaviour. The results of these models have then been compared with direct simulations performed on a simplified geometry representative of a two-dimensional porous medium including a biofilm phase. Based on these comparisons, the validity domain of this model has been identified in terms of hydrodynamic and biochemical conditions of transport (i.e. the Péclet number and the Damköhler number). The set up of an experimental model of transport in a porous media including a biofilm phase has also been started, in order to make experimental validations of the previously developed numerical models and to build up an additional tool to study the considered phenomena
Chatelain, Marc. "Modélisation des phénomènes de transport solutal et étude d’un dispositif de brassage pour la purification du silicium photovoltaïque." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI105/document.
Full textThe present study focuses on solute segregation during photovoltaic silicon directional solidification. This multi-physics problem involves various spatial and temporal scales. The numerical simulation of this process requires efficient models, especially for 3D industrial configurations. In the first part of the study, solute wall functions are derived from a scaling analysis in order to estimate the segregations without numerical resolution of the solute boundary layer. The method is based on the coupling of an hydrodynamic simulation of convection in the liquid phase and an analytical segregation computation. The developed analytical model provides an estimation of the convecto-diffusive parameter from the wall shear-stress at the solid/liquid interface. A reference case in 2D with imposed solidification rate is used for validation purposes. The developed model provides a meaningful estimation of concentration fields in the ingots. In a second part, we focus on segregation optimization by a mechanical stirrer. Transient stirring simulations, using a sliding mesh technique, are achieved with FLUENT commercial software. Results are compared to PIV velocity field measurements performed on an experimental setup using water. A segregation computation in a quasi-steady regime is then implemented in the stirring simulation. The effect of the stirring parameters are directly observed on the solute boundary layer at the solid/liquid interface. In a third part, a transient solidification simulation, including furnace thermal conditions, is performed in a 3D configuration with forced convection. The flow generated by the impeller is described thanks to an empirical model based on body forces. A first attempt is finally made to retrieve segregations in the ingot with the developed analytical method
Joodi, Ali Salim. "Apport de l'équation de Brinkman à la modélisation de l'écoulement d'eau et du transport de soluté dans l'aquifère karstique : application au système karstique du Val d'Orléans." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2021/document.
Full textThe karst aquifers are characterized by a fast flow in the karstic conduits and a slow flow in the matrix. Because of this fast flow, these aquifers are strongly vulnerable to pollution. The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the importance of water exchanges at the interface between the conduits and the matrix and by consequence the impact of these exchanges on the solute transport in the karst system. To investigate the contribution of the Brinkman equation to the evaluation of the water flows, a model whose geometry of the conduit is described by the sine function was established. Two scenarii are applied. Scenario A employs Darcy’s law in the conduit and the matrix. The scenario B employs the Brinkman equation and Darcy’s law in the conduit and the matrix, respectively. The additional term of the Brinkman equation describing the shear stress plays a predominant role on the water exchange between the conduit and the matrix when the conduits are sinuous. The hydrodynamic - transport model was applied to the karst system of the Val d’Orléans. The calibration showed that the best average diameter of the conduit is of 5 m, the permeability in the hosted rock is of 5.7×10-10 m2 and that of the conduit of 1.65×10-5 m2 to 5.5×10-5 m2. The results of the hydrodynamic - transport model were compared to floods of the Loire observed in the years 1992 and 1993 during which the chloride concentrations (tracer conservative naturalness) were proportioned in the Loire and Bouillon Spring. With a storage coefficient in the matrix 0.9 m-1, the distance penetrated by the water in the matrix is approximately 530 m in two months for a rising of 2 meters (example of 1993)
Dawood, Ihssan. "Modélisation du transfert de métaux lourds dans les sols non saturés (modèle fractionnaire hydrogéochimique)." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422621.
Full textTevissen, Etienne. "Méthodologie d'étude et modélisation du transport de solutes en milieux poreux naturels : application à la migration du chrome dans la nappe alluviale du Drac (Isère)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL089N.
Full textSalim, Joodi Ali. "Apport de l'équation de Brinkman à la modélisation de l'écoulement d'eau et du transport de soluté dans l'aquifère karstique: application au système karstique du Val d'Orléans." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417805.
Full textBofill, Lucas. "From outcrop to fluid-flow : sedimentary architecture, permeability heterogeneity, and effect of sedimentary facies in fluid-flow modelling : a case study of the middle buntstandstein continental sandstones (lower triassic, eastern France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH006.
Full textAt the Upper Rhine Graben, in Eastern France, the Lower Triassic Buntsandstein serves as an important reservoir of groundwater and lithium-rich geothermal brines. The scientific objective of this study is to comprehend the architecture of the Lower Grès Vosgien Formation (LGV), Middle Buntsandstein; how sedimentological processes, at different scales, generate significant permeability heterogeneities; and the effect of such heterogeneity in fluid-flow modelling results. The study employs high-resolution sedimentological characterisation, through vertical profile descriptions, digital outcrop model, and petrographic analysis. Subsequently, permeability measurements are coupled with sedimentological data, to identify different scales of sedimentary controls on permeability distribution. Finally, a realistic 2D hydrostratigraphyc conceptual model is generated as a reference, to evaluate how different scenarios of heterogeneity simplification impact fluid-flow modelling, concerning particle residence time, macro-dispersivity and upscaled anisotropy.Results indicate that 93% of the LGV is composed of sandstones deposited by a braided fluvial system, with evidence suggesting that discharge variability was a main depositional controlling factor of sedimentary facies and heterogeneity distribution. The LGV stacking pattern reveals periods when fluvial processes were absent, and aeolian processes dominated sediment transport and deposition, constituting 7% of the total LGV thickness. The aeolian deposits record indications of persistent water in the system, either due to water table rise or ephemeral floods In the fluvial channel facies association, an inverse relationship between fluvial flow regime conditions and the permeability of its facies is observed. In the wind- and water-laid facies association (WWL), permeability distribution is directly influenced by climatic conditions, where low permeability hybrid sand sheets were deposited in more humid conditions, and high permeability aeolian dunes in more arid conditions. However, despite the high permeability of the AD, the architecture of the WWL implies low connectivity potential. Compaction is the main process influencing the permeability and porosity of the LGV. Samples with a higher proportion of lithoclasts and infiltrated clay recorded a more advanced degree of compaction, whereas samples with a higher percentage of quartz overgrowth exhibited a lower degree of compaction. The diagenetic overprint affected the distinct facies differently, indicating that primary sedimentary processes and architecture govern the distribution of permeability heterogeneity in the LGV. Permeability data from outcrops exhibited median values up to three orders of magnitude higher than those from subsurface data. However, the same facies, and similar trends of relative porosity-permeability responses to the distinct facies, are observed between outcrops and borehole samples, highlighting sedimentology as an indispensable proxy for reservoir heterogeneity studies[...]
Lekmine, Gregory. "Caractérisation de la dynamique de transports dans les milieux fractures par tomographie de resistivité électrique : développements méthodologiques et expérimentaux." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112097.
Full textElectrical resistivity tomography is a common geophysical method often used to detect and follow plumepollutants in aquifers. However ERT is an integrative method whose reliability of the models is faced tothe non-unicity of the inverse problem solutions. These constraints limit the interpretation to a qualitativeview of the resistivity contrasts modelled in 2D or 3D, resulting of the chosen inverse parameters and thecombination of several hydrodynamic paramaters related to the poral network.The purpose of this thesis was to test the abilities of the ERT imaging to quantify solute transport parametersin miscible displacement occurred in groundwater and the sensitivity of inverse parameters most affectingthe modelled dispersion front.Laboratory experiments are conducted on glass beads poured into a transparent plexiglas container. Twovertical lines of 21 stainless steel electrodes are fixed on the lateral sides of the container to perform the ERTmonitoring, of the NaCl dissolved in the tracer, from a sequence of 210 quadripole measurements acquiredin transverse dipole-dipole each 5 minutes. A light panel is placed behind the experimental device and avideo follow up of the dyed part of the tracer is acquired from the other side.Video analysis reveal a faster propagation of the dye in contact of the vertical edge, which is negligible forthe lowest flow rates imposed by the pump. In contrast, ERT mesurements are strongly disturbed by theresistant edges of the plexiglas container which affect the resulting models. Normalisation of the apparentresisitivity measurements acquired at the experimental stage and by the Archie’s law strongly tones downthese resistive artefacts.ERT modelling is here particularly sensitive to the grid mesh, the norm (L1 or L2 ) applied on data andparameters, and the damping factor λ. High values of λ and the cutoff factor tend to smooth the resistivityconstrasts in the area of the mixing front and increase the weight of the horizontal edge effects on D andα. While results from inverse modelling constraint by low λ and cutoff factors are much closer to the videoanalysis but with enhanced side slope effects at the rear and the front of the mixing area.The interstitial velocity u is independant of the chosen inverse parameters. For both methods u is alwaysinferior to the flow rate provided by the pump, whose the gap is expressed as a retardation factor Rf . Thisretardation is due to adsorption of Na+ on the beads surfaces, which contributes to delay the dispersionfront followed by ERT. The retardation expressed by the video analysis can be due to the important sizeof the molecule of the dye which is easily slowed down in lower permeability areas, added to an eventualaffinity to the solid surface.The ranges of fluid conductivity contrasts and stability of the interfaces tested here have no influences onthe dispersion which is dominated by the flow velocity u. Estimations of the dispersion coefficient D asfunction of the Péclet is consistent with the theoretical curve of Bachmat (1968) and Bijeljic & al (2004).Field experiments are first conducted in 2D on homogeneous unsaturated sand which is considered as aninfinite half-space. However, data normalisation is much more complicated since the saturation state andthe initial fluid conductivities need to be estimated to calibrate the Archie’s law. Because of the 3D tracerinflitration, the RMS error of 2D-ERT models highlights that the inversion process is not enough constraintby data which does not allow to quantify the transport parameters. 3D experiments were then adaptedto detect and follow plumes of saline tracers injected in the centre of the electrode device. From 3D ERTmeasurements we are able to produce reliable models in order to estimate such transport parameters as themean flow velocity, and transverse and longitudinal dispersivities
Borissova, Elena. "Transport de solutés dans des milieux poreux et des mileux poreux fracturés." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GLOB0003.
Full textBielinski, Clément. "Impact of the flow on mass transfer from particles : biomedical applications." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2021COMP2630.
Full textMass transfer from particles is encountered in many biomedical applications, such as controlled drug delivery, cell culture, or in designing bioartificial organs. In operating conditions, particles are subjected to various flows, whose effect on solute transport is still not well understood and controlled. In this PhD thesis, we study the effect of the flow on mass transfer from core-shell capsules and fibers, using numerical simulations. Solute release from a core-shell fiber confined in a channel and subjected to Poiseuille flow is studied using two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations. The combined effects of the flow and the shell permeability on mass transfer are analyzed over a wide range of Reynolds number covering both steady and unsteady flows. A new correlation giving the Sherwood number (the dimensionless mass transfer coefficient) as a function of the shell permeability, the Reynolds number, and the Schmidt number is proposed. The shell permeability is difficult to measure. Current characterization methods only allow the determination of an effective permeability for the whole particle (core and shell combined), and not specifically the shell permeability. A novel method to characterize capsules shell permeability is proposed and validated on both numerical and experimental data. This method consists in extracting the capsule permeability by fitting the release curves with numerical solutions of Fick’s second law of diffusion computed in one dimension using the finite difference method, by assuming spherical symmetry. Solute release from a capsule placed in a shear flow is also analyzed by the mean of three-dimensional simulations coupling the lattice Boltzmann method and the immersedboundary method for the fluid-structure interaction. The flow is found to enhance the masstransfer efficiency by forced convection. The effect of the boundary conditions set at the surface of the capsule is examined, as well. Considering Dirichlet boundary conditions at the particle surface, as classically done in literature, leads to significantly higher Sherwood numbers as compared to the case of continuity of both the concentration and the mass flux, which is more adapted to model solute release. The suspension dynamics of soft capsules in a microfluidic constriction is also studied. A state diagram describing the transition from capsule passage to blockage is determined as a function of their geometrical and mechanical properties. It can be used, for example, to optimize the design of microfluidic devices in order to enhance the mass transfer efficiency
Le, Crom Sébastien. "Modélisation à l'échelle microscopique des fluides et des solutés dans des argiles saturées et insaturées." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS211.
Full textThe clay minerals were selected by Andra in the deep geological disposal facility for radioactive waste management, named Cigeo, for their adsorption properties and very low permeability. In this context, gas can be inserted into the pores of the initially saturated natural environment, creating partially saturated transient conditions. Whose impact must be quantified in order to ensure the durability of storage. In clay pores, of nanometric size, the water and solutes transfer is strongly influenced by electrostatic interactions with surfaces. Thus, we used Molecular Dynamics to study the impact of charged surfaces on the species properties at the atomic scale. We first probed the effect of the species polarizability in the calcul of interactions (force field) on a saturated montmorillonite reference system. Polarizability has been shown to significantly change the organization and dynamics of water and solutes within the pore. In particular, it increases the number of ionic pairs formed in solution, which leads to a layer structuration of the polarizable ions at the clay interface.The effect of an air unsaturation on the properties of species confined within a clay pore has been shown to be important for very large unsaturations. In very unsaturated pores, the cations are placed between the surface and the anions in order to screen the negative charge of the clay, creating locally an overcompensation of the charge. The diffusion of all the species is controlled by cations which varies according to the type of force field used, polarizable or non polarizable
Le, Borgne Tanguy. "Mesure in situ et modélisation de l'hétérogénéité des écoulements dans les milieux géologiques." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10157.
Full textNzikou, Jean-Mathurin. "Étude des phénomènes de diffusion des solutés ioniques par techniques voltamétrique et conductimétrique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL145N.
Full textRouxel, Matthieu. "Étude des mécanismes hydrologiques du transport de solutés dans les aquifères superficiels des bassins versants sur socle." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606529.
Full textBodin, Jacques. "Transport de solutés dans des réseaux de fractures discrets : nouvelle approche Lagrangienne dans le domaine des temps." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066394.
Full textRouxel, Matthieu. "Etude des mécanismes hydrologiques du transport de solutés dans les aquifères superficiels des bassins versants sur socle." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSARD060.
Full textIn catchments underlaid by shallow hard rock, shallow groundwater plays a major role on discharge control and on solute transport. This groundwater, characterized by large seasonal variations of the water table level, develops in an aquifer mainly constituted by weathered rock and unconsolidated materials whose hydrodynamic properties remain little studied. Understanding the hydrological and hydrochemical functioning of these systems and the processes determining the solute pathways and their residence time is essential in the context where scientific research is more and more urged to assess the effect of changes in agriculture practices on diffuse pollutions. The work presented here is focused on the understanding of solute transport processes and denitrification in shallow aquifers from the analysis and the modelling of a shallow aquifer of a headwater catchment in West of France. The field monitoring highlighted the link between the hydrological dynamics and the seasonal variations of the chemical composition of the groundwater, allowing proposing a conceptual model synthesizing the processes governing the transport of a conservative solute in the groundwater. The available data on spatial and temporal variations of the isotopic composition of nitrate nitrogen and oxygen did not reveal any apparent denitrification process in the aquifer. The main outcome of this work is that shallow groundwater exhibits large spatial and temporal variations of its chemical composition, resulting from mixing processes of storage compartments which contribution varies seasonally. During winter, fast groundwater recharge through preferential pathways plays an important role on the chemical composition variations in the upper part of the groundwater, a process that most current models are not accounting for
Paris, Anguela Thais. "Etude du transfert d’eau et de solutés dans un sol à nappe superficielle drainée artificiellement." Paris, ENGREF, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENGR0017.
Full textThe comprehension of solute transport mechanisms in a shallow water table drained soil is essential in order to improve impacts of drained systems on the quality of surface water. Experiments have been carried out in steady state conditions on two physical models at the laboratory, allowing a control of the initial and boundary conditions. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the one-dimensional studies, in order to characterize the unsaturated zone. A soil column (1*0,15 m²) and a soil tank (1*2*0,5 m3) have been used, both filled with a loamy-sand soil. The tracers used are the H218O and Cl-. The second part of this PhD studies two-dimensional flow in a drained soil. Experiments have only been realized in the soil tank. Two tracer applications have been selected: a pulse input applied at the soil surface and an uniformly distributed tracer in soil. Only Cl- has been then used as tracer. Tracer has been measured in soil by means of EC-probes (measurement of the electrical conductivity of water) and at the tank outlet (analysis of soil solution). The experimental results have been confronted with a numerical code (HYDRUS-2D) using the transport parameters obtained in the one-dimensional studies. A second method, particle tracking (Lagrangian approach), has been utilised to obtain the advance of water and the transfer time of the particles in the soil
Batany, Stéphane. "Influence d’un macropore sur l’écoulement et le transport de solutés en milieu poreux : expérimentations sur sol modèle macroporé et simulations numériques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1085/document.
Full textFlow and transport modeling through porous media is of primary concern nowadays, especially in order to progress in the understanding of pollutant transfers through soils. Soils present frequently heterogeneities such as macropores (caused by fauna, flora or cracks) and several numerical models use double or multi permeability concepts in order to take into account all flow types that may exist in such porous systems. Nevertheless, classical models seem underestimate the macropore effect on preferential flow and transport by restricting the preferential flow zone only to the volume occupied by the macroporosity. Various experimental studies prior to this thesis have questioned this hypothesis. This study proposes to understand the establishment of preferential flow and transport and in particular the mechanism of flow and solute exchanges between a synthetic macropore and a surrounding porous matrix in saturated condition. For this purpose, water tracing are realized for a model porous media constituted by glass beads, crossed by a synthetic macropore and implemented in laboratory columns. Breakthrough and transport in columns are characterized by monitoring the concentration at the end of the column by magnetic nuclear resonance. A numerical model developed on the basis of lattice-Boltzmann method is used to simul ate flow in macroporous system and identify preferential flow mechanisms at pore scale. Experimental data show that tracer transport is strongly dependent on injection flow rate and the diffusion coefficient in water. At high flow rate, the transport seems to occur exclusively in the macropore, with very little masse exchange with the porous matrix. At lower flow rates, the breakthrough exhibits an inflexion followed by a peak. The MRI images show a significant mass exchange of tracer between the macropore and the surrounding porous matrix. The numerical simulations are used to calculate the flow field in a porous system as a function of flow rate. They show that preferential flow is extended in porous matrix into a zone of same dimension the mean diameter of beads regardless of macropore size or injected flow rate, in the range of simulated flow rates. These experimental and numerical results show that macropore influence on transport should be extended through the surrounding porous matrix into a zone of the same size of grains diameter for flow and into a zone depending on diffusion coefficient as well as mean residence time of the studied tracer for solute transport
Briard, Antoine. "Modélisation du transport en turbulence homogène." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066201/document.
Full textModelling is essential to understand and reproduce the dominant physical mechanisms occurring in natural turbulent flows such as atmospheric and oceanic ones. Indeed, the dynamics of geophysical flows results of multiple complex processes interacting with each others, at various scales, intensities, and on different characteristic times. The fine description of such flows is currently out of reach of direct numerical simulations, notably because of Reynolds numbers limitations. Consequently, we address in this thesis the modelling of homogeneous turbulence, using the spectral formalism of the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) approximation. This first allows us to obtain results rapidly in terms of computational resources at very large Reynolds numbers, and thus to investigate separately some of the fundamental mechanisms at stake in natural turbulent flows, namely shear, mean temperature gradient, stratification, helicity, and combinations of these processes. In this framework, a two-step approach is considered: first, EDQNM is used to close the non-linear terms in the second-order moments equations, and anisotropy is then modelled through spherically-averaged tensors. This methodology is applied to the various configurations mentioned above, permits to propose new theoretical results, and to assess them numerically at large Reynolds numbers. Among the most important findings, we focused on (i) the prediction of the decay and growth laws of crucial one-point statistics such as the kinetic energy, the scalar variance, and helicity; (ii) the determination of spectral scalings; and (iii) the scale by scale distribution of anisotropy
Paris, Anguela Thais. "Etude du transfert d'eau et de solutés dans un sol à nappe superficielle drainée artificiellement." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001043.
Full textRadiguet, Bertrand. "Etude de la formation d'amas diffus de solutés sous irradiation dans des alliages modèles ferritiques." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00510750.
Full textPignac-Robitaille, Olivier. "Modélisation et cartographie des opérations de transport." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28613/28613.pdf.
Full textPoirier, Agnès. "Modélisation des processus de transport actif hépatique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P614.
Full textIn drug development, mechanistically based approaches adapted to transport-mediated ADE (absorption, elimination and disposition) are needed to analyze data, to predict PK profiles, to understand species differences and to explain PK/PD profiles. In the past years, a considerable amount of new techniques and tools have been developed in the area of active transport opening new opportunities for quantitative measurements and correlations of transport-driven ADE. In this work, the mechanistic modeling of hepatic transport from cells to whole body has followed three main steps:- First, the in vitro experiments were optimized, including the experimental set up and the washing steps, followed by the resulting raw data analysis and validation using compartmental modeling to derive accurate, quantitative estimates of active and passive transport parameters. - Next, the in vitro-in vivo scaling of the obtained transport parameters and their incorporation in a whole body PBPK rat model was developed. Key was the scaling of transport data obtained either from isolated hepatocytes or from transfected cell systems to in vivo. - The prediction of transport-mediated ADE in man was realized and validated by refining the models developed for rat, incorporation of in vitro human input data
Crevoisier, David. "Modélisation analytique des transferts bi- et tridirectionnels eau-solutés - application à l'irrigation à la raie et à la micro-irrigation." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011746.
Full textLa modélisation développée ici se propose de représenter les transferts eau-soluté en se basant sur une résolution semi-analytique des équations de transferts bi- et tridirectionnels (équation de Richards et équation de convection-diffusion de solutés). Le caractère analytique de ce type de modélisation permet de simuler des événements aux pas de temps variant entre l'heure pour une irrigation et la journée pour la redistribution de l'eau et des solutés dans le sol. Elle permet en outre de s'affranchir des contraintes propres aux schémas numériques : conditions de convergence de la solution et temps de calculs conséquents. Cette modélisation fondée sur des bases mécanistes conserve, en dépit de certaines hypothèses simplificatrices, un caractère hautement prédictif.
Compte tenu de la complexité de la géométrie du domaine, notamment en irrigation à la raie, et afin de pouvoir traiter des conditions initiales hétérogènes, le problème général est décomposé en problèmes élémentaires dont la résolution analytique est rendu possible par l'utilisation de la fonction de Green. La solution du problème général est alors obtenue par superposition des solutions analytiques de ces problèmes élémentaires.
La méthode utilisée a l'avantage d'être adaptative. Elle permet de modéliser différentes pratiques d'irrigation et de fertilisation sur une vaste échelle de pas de temps. La résolution analytique peut également être appliquée de la même façon sur les transferts hydriques, les transferts de solutés et permet également la modélisation de l'extraction racinaire. Son efficacité et son domaine de validité sont cependant limités par les hypothèses sur lesquelles repose sa construction. Des méthodes permettant d'accroître les potentialités de cette modélisation sont à cet égard proposées.
Viel, Emélie. "Etude des processus de transport des solutés hors équilibre physique : application à la zone non saturée des calcaires de Beauce." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2039/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study solute transport processes under physical non-equilibrium in the unsaturated zone of the Beauce limestone. This study has been divided into two parts, a laboratory part which consisted in conducting elution experiments with a steady state flow with three rainfall (4,8,16 mm/h) and under transient flow with or without drainage, in unsaturated structured columns. The columns have been sampled into two facies of the unsaturated zone of the Beauce limestone: a homogenous facies and a heterogenous facies. The second part of this study has been realized in situ, with tracing experiments realized on a pit dug at the site of the Lycée de Saussaye (Chartres). The experiments in a steady state regime showed that the two facies do not have the same behaviour regarding solute transports. The breakthrough curve (BTC) for the homogeneous facies is explained with a classical convection dispersion solute transport model. The BTC for the heterogenous facies could be explained only with the mobile-immobile water model. The experiments under transient flow showed a rise of concentration during drainage. This phenomenon could be explained by a heterogeneous distribution of concentration as a function of pore size. The tracing experiments with bromide (Br -) and Brillant Blue (BB) show that the limestone facies are very variable at the field scale. The lowest sampling points returned first the Br - tracer. This preferential transport could be explained by the facies layout which has an important impact on the shape of the observed distribution of BB. Digitations appear when permeability contrast and facies layout produce localised fast flows. Non-equilibrium phenomena exist in the unsaturated zone of the Beauce limestone and have different factors as origins: condition at the upper boundary limit, moisture condition, heterogeneity of the medium, as observed on columns, and contrast of permeability and lithological structures as observed at the field scale
Faurel, Michaël. "Conception et mise en place d'expériences de diffusion de l'eau et de solutés dans des milieux poreux modèles d'argiles gonflantes." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2320/document.
Full textMost of existing data on diffusion of water and solutes were obtained either on extremely complex clayey rocks or on seemingly more simple samples prepared from sodium-saturated swelling clay minerals, namely smectites. Because these latter can exhibit in water-saturated conditions various organizations not yet fully understood (gel phase-floc-stable suspension), it is still difficult to constrain dual-porosity media modeling (pore or interlayer water) sometimes considered for interpreting results from diffusion experiments. A model system for swelling clay minerals, mimicking a true dual-porosity medium, was obtained by using three size fractions of a Na-vermiculite. These fractions do not exhibit gel-like behavior in water-saturated conditions but rather well defined particles, whose morphology and organization have been characterized. An experimental set-up was designed for the investigation of HDO and Br- diffusion in these size-fractions as a function of porosity. The main advantage of this set up is that it allows assessing for the organizational homogeneity of a sample prepared by sedimentation process through X-ray tomography measurements, an assumption considered for diffusion modeling. The obtained results showed that this new method for sample preparation leads to more homogeneous samples as compared to classical procedures. The first perspectives concerning the use of these dual-porosity model systems are drawn from the first diffusion results obtained, as the well-controlled geometrical characteristics of these model systems successfully help in balancing the contribution of the different potential transport processes
Moad, Kamel. "Modélisation et optimisation multi-niveaux du transport forestier." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0101/document.
Full textThe present manuscript tackles the supply chain forest transportation problem in the context of forestry primary industry. In this context, several risks may affect the forest supply chain: the unpredictable weather conditions (tree falling provoked by major storms); sanitary emergencies (tree pest and diseases); and, diverse commercial circumstances (the variability of market demands). The aforementioned issues motivate the diverse forest sector protagonists (entrepreneurs, forest operators and drivers) to seek support for improving their logistic operations. The aim of this effort is to improve the service quality (offer-demand agreement) diminishing in this way the total costs. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is the proposal of a novel management model which improves forest-to-mill transport performance. At the same time, the proposed model accounts for the forest sector manners and constraints. The contribution of this thesis is threefold: first a transportation model is developed, later on the transport planning is managed, and finally an optimization procedure is proposed.The thesis results propose a hierarchical planning for the forestry transportation. Two decision levels are suggested: tactic and operational. At a tactic level, a multi-period optimization is considered. The multi-period optimization strategy meets the customer supply demands while minimizes the global transportation activity. Such strategy takes into account the restrictions of the total available transportation means. Moreover, at this level the activity balancing politics may be developed, as well as subcontractors coordination between transport companies. On the other hand, at the operational level, the tactic planning assigned for each transporter is divided so an optimization of the fleet’s transport assignation is done considering the vehicles constraints.The decision process is modelled as a Mixed Linear Programming formulation. The application considers a data set coming from the industry settled at the Aquitaine region in France. The results have shown a significant improvement on the transport capabilities with respect to the conventional transport practices.It is worth to mention that the decision models were designed such that they may be adapted to different context either collaborative or not. In both cases, the tactic planning has a generic purpose, in other words, it is independent of the kind of organization involved, whereas specific organizations are taken into account when planning actors’ activities at the operational level
Holovatch, Taras. "Réseaux de transport complexes : résilience, modélisation et optimisation." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652784.
Full textWang, Haisheng. "Modélisation Morphologique et Propriétés de Transport d'Alumines Mésoporeuses." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM045/document.
Full textIn a work made at Centre de Morphologie Mathématique and IFPEN, we study the microstructure and physical properties of mesoporous alumina. This is a catalyst carrier used in the petroleum refining industry. Highly porous, it contains disordered ''platelets'' at the nanoscale. The mass transport properties of the catalyst carrier are strongly influenced by the morphology of the porous microstructure. We focus on the modeling of the microstructure and of transport properties of mesoporous alumina, using numerical and theoretical tools derived from image analysis and random sets models. On the one hand, methods are developed to characterize and model the microstructure, by extracting and combining information from transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and nitrogen porosimetry curves, among others. On the other hand, the numerical homogenization relies on full-field Fourier transform computations (FFT).The material is first characterized experimentally by nitrogen porosimetry and pulse-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR). TEM images, obtained on samples of various thicknesses are filtered and measured in terms of correlation function. The high-frequency noise caused by carbon membrane support is identified and integrated in the TEM image model. Based on the 2D TEM images, a two-scale random set model of 3D microstructure is developed. It takes into account the platelet shape, platelet size, local alignments and aggregations effects which are numerically identified. The procedure is validated by comparing the model and experimental images in terms of correlation function and specific surface area estimated by nitrogen porosimetry.Next, a procedure is proposed to simulate porosimetry isotherms in general porous media, including random microstructures. Based on simple morphological operations, it extends an earlier approach of mercury porosimetry. Multilayer adsorption at low pressure is simulated by a dilation operation whereas the menisci of the vapor-liquid interface occurring during adsorption are simulated by closing the solid phase with spherical structuring elements. To simulate desorption, a combination of closing and hole-filling operations is used. The desorption threshold is obtained from a percolation analysis of the gaseous phase. The method, validated first on simple geometries, is compared to previous results of the literature, allowing us to predict the hysteresis and pore size distribution associated to porosimetry. It is applied on 3D microstructures of mesoporous alumina. To account for the pressure threshold during desorption, we propose a refined three-scale model for mesoporous alumina, that reproduces the correlation function and the desorption branch of porosimetry isotherms.Finally, Fick diffusion, Darcy permeability, and elastic moduli are numerically predicted using the FFT method and the two-scale and three-scale models of mesoporous alumina. The hindering effects in diffusion are estimated by the Renkin's equation. The effective diffusion coefficients and the tortuosity factors are estimated from the flux field, taking into account hindering effects. The effects of platelet shape, alignment and aggregation on the diffusion property are studied. The numerical estimation is validated from experimental PFG-NMR results
Carreira, Ferreira Sonia. "Modélisation du transport intragranulaire dans un réacteur catalytique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1002/document.
Full textThe chemical activity of catalysts has long been the core of R&D studies, leading to an increased influence of internal diffusion limitations. It is therefore important to model and quantify these mass transfer limitations in order to optimize catalyst design and increase performance.In the framework of our project, 2D or 3D pore networks, constituted by interconnected cylindrical pores, are randomly generated by a Monte Carlo approach to reproduce the porosity, specific surface area and pore volume of gamma-alumina supports. A highly efficient tool, capable of generating 2D networks of 18000×18000 and 600×600×600 nodes in 3D, containing up to 2 billion pores. Only 4s are required to generate 2D networks of size 200x200.Mass transfer is simulated by the 1D Fick’s diffusion model within each pore of the network. 200×200 networks, containing up to 80,000 pores, can be simulated. The confrontation of the calculated tortuosities as a function of porosity, to theoretical correlations shows a good agreement. However, when comparing with experimental values from fixed-bed tracer experiments obtained for different gamma-alumina pellets, actual aluminas exhibit higher tortuosities, probably due to the organisation of the porous structure in two levels.Hence, by modifying the developed model to generate two-level networks, we have been able to reproduce both textural and diffusion properties of one alumina. Taking a 2D periodic network of size 100×100 and concerning the textural properties, relative errors less than 10% were obtained. In addition, a good agreement was found for the tortuosity values, 2.34 against the experimental value of 2.40
Huynh, Cong Hoai. "Modélisation du transport sédimentaire : application au littoral vietnamien." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT014H.
Full textAndrea, Luc. "Modélisation du transport thermique dans des matériaux thermoélectriques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066122/document.
Full textThermoelectric materials provide a way to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Nonetheless, their low efficiency is the main obstacle for global scale applications. Experimentally, specific treatments can lead to great improvement in the efficiency, mainly by lowering the thermal conductivity. This thesis is aimed at calculating from first principles, the thermal transport properties in perfect and doped half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. We begin with a theoretical analysis of the harmonic and anharmonic properties of phonons for perfect phases.The density functional theory is used to deduce the phonons lifetime from phonon-phonon interactions. The lifetimes are integrated into the Boltzmann transport equation for the phonon density, which solution allows us to compute fully ab initio the lattice thermal conductivity. The purpose of point defects is to scatter the phonons and thus reduce thermal conductivity. We developed two methods to account for the defects on thermal transport. The first one, based on a mean field approach, is suitable for the high concentration regimes. The second one in the framework of Green functions theory is used for dilute regimes. Both methods consistently show that the main reduction of thermal conductivity is already obtained within around 10 % of solute elements in NiTiSn, NiZrSn and NiHfSn
Andrea, Luc. "Modélisation du transport thermique dans des matériaux thermoélectriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066122.
Full textThermoelectric materials provide a way to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Nonetheless, their low efficiency is the main obstacle for global scale applications. Experimentally, specific treatments can lead to great improvement in the efficiency, mainly by lowering the thermal conductivity. This thesis is aimed at calculating from first principles, the thermal transport properties in perfect and doped half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. We begin with a theoretical analysis of the harmonic and anharmonic properties of phonons for perfect phases.The density functional theory is used to deduce the phonons lifetime from phonon-phonon interactions. The lifetimes are integrated into the Boltzmann transport equation for the phonon density, which solution allows us to compute fully ab initio the lattice thermal conductivity. The purpose of point defects is to scatter the phonons and thus reduce thermal conductivity. We developed two methods to account for the defects on thermal transport. The first one, based on a mean field approach, is suitable for the high concentration regimes. The second one in the framework of Green functions theory is used for dilute regimes. Both methods consistently show that the main reduction of thermal conductivity is already obtained within around 10 % of solute elements in NiTiSn, NiZrSn and NiHfSn
Meziane, Chabane. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation numérique du transport mucociliaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASM042.
Full textThe transport of biological fluid by the movement of cilia is a natural phenomenon found in almost all living beings. The aim of this thesis is the modeling and numerical simulation of mucociliary clearance, involving the action of cilia on the viscous fluid (composed of mucus and PCL), modeled by Stokes equations. As well as the secretion of mucus by the submucosal glands and the goblet cells, present in the bronchial epithelium. The first chapter deals with the 3D modeling of the fluid flow under the action of the cilia, the contribution of which is modeled by a 1D curve representing the central line of the cilium. The resulting problem is a singular and non-local Stokes problem. In Chapter 2, we studied in a model of a symmetrical dyadic bronchial tree, the thickness of the mucus layer at equilibrium, resulting from the secretion of mucus by the epithelium on the one hand, and from the evacuation of mucus through the cilia on the other hand. Finally, in Chapter 3, we studied the influence of airflow through the bronchial lumen on the efficiency of mucociliary clearance, and this, by considering a normal, strong, and extreme breathing regime
Labbez, Christophe. "Etude du transport et de la rétention de solutés neutres et ioniques par le modèle DSPM : membranes de nano- et d'ultra-filtration fine." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2044.
Full textModeling of the matter transport through a charged microporous medium is a necessary step to understand and control the selectivity of a nanofiltration membrane. In this work, a model based on the application of the extended Nernst-Planck equation and the assumption of a modified Donnan equilibrium at both membrane/solution interfaces is developed. Besides the analysis of transport mechanisms, the model allows to relate a membrane's microscopic structural and charge properties to the solute retentions. The effective pore radius (rp) and effective volume charge (X) of nanofiltration membranes could be then determined by fitting the experimental retention of neutral and charged solutes. The comparison of the predicted values of the membrane X and rp with those determined from independent measurements does not allow to conclude definitively on the validity of the model. Results show that a charge regulation phenomenon occurs inside the membrane pores
Paris, Thais. "Etude du transfert d'eau et de solutés dans un sol à nappe superficielle drainée artificiellement." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008704.
Full textL'approche choisie repose sur des expériences de traçage réalisées en régime permanent sur modèle physique de sol au laboratoire, permettant un contrôle des conditions initiales et aux limites. La première partie de la thèse est dédiée aux études monodimensionnelles, afin de caractériser la zone non saturée du sol. Nous avons utilisé une colonne de sol (1*0,15 m²) et un modèle physique de grande taille (1*2*0,5 m3), remplis tous deux d'un sol sablo-limoneux. Les traceurs utilisés sont le H218O et le Cl-. La deuxième partie du travail traite le cas des écoulements bidimensionnels, réalisées uniquement sur le modèle physique. Deux scénarios ont été choisis : un soluté apporté en surface et un soluté résidant dans le sol. Seul le Cl- a alors été utilisé comme traceur. Le transport de solutés a été étudié par un suivi in situ (sondes de conductivité électrique) ainsi qu'à l'exutoire du système.
L'analyse des courbes d'élution obtenues pour les études monodimensionnelles a permis l'identification des mécanismes de transport et le calcul des paramètres de transport pertinents (par résolution inverse). Pour les expériences bidimensionnelles, il a été observé une hétérogénéité des champs de vitesses, avec une zone proche du drain où le lessivage est rapide et une zone proche de l'interdrain où le soluté progresse à faible vitesse. Dans le cas du soluté résidant dans le sol, les courbes d'élution (concentration et conductivité électrique) au drain montrent un palier stable puis une diminution de forme « exponentielle » jusqu'à atteindre les concentrations du niveau de base. La migration du soluté dans le cas d'un pulse apporté en surface du sol est singulier. La courbe d'élution en sortie du drain présente deux modes : (i) un premier mode sous forme d'un pic, (ii) et le deuxième sous forme d'un palier constant de concentration. Ces résultats expérimentaux ont été confrontés à la modélisation mécaniste (code HYDRUS-2D), utilisant les paramètres de transport obtenus dans les études monodimensionnelles. L'utilisation d'une deuxième méthode, le suivi de particules (approche lagrangienne), nous a permis d'obtenir le cheminement de l'eau et le temps de transfert des particules dans le sol.
Mercury, Lionel. "Equilibres minéraux-solutions en milieu non saturé des sols : thermodynamique de l'eau capillaire et modélisation physicochimique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2348.
Full textVauchelet, Nicolas. "Modélisation mathématique du transport diffusif de charges partiellement quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135114.
Full textmathématique du transport d'électrons confinés dans une nanostructure
dans le but d'implémenter des simulations numériques. Dans de tels
dispositifs nanométriques, les ordres de grandeurs ne jouent pas le
même rôle dans chaque direction. Les électrons peuvent être
extrêmement confinés dans une ou plusieurs directions. Un modèle
quantique est nécessaire pour décrire le confinement. Dans la
direction non confinée, le transport est supposé de nature classique.
Nous proposons alors un système couplé quantique/classique.
Les collisions intervenant lors du transport induisent un régime
diffusif des porteurs de charges. Le modèle diffusif est obtenu grâce
à une limite de diffusion d'un modèle cinétique. L'analyse
mathématique de cette limite de diffusion et du modèle diffusif couplé
sont présentées. Une simulation numérique du transport dans un
nanotransistor est obtenue avec ce modèle.
Gugenheim, Dan. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un réseau de transport de gaz." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11760/1/gugenheim.pdf.
Full textSossoe, Kwami. "Modélisation des systèmes de transport multimodaux de grands réseaux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1196/document.
Full textThe objective of this work consists on the modeling of traffic flow of a large multimodaltransportation network. The work is organized in two parts: a theoretical study part anda development part. The theoretical study emphasizes on how a multimodal network canbe model and how its performance in terms of supply can be optimized. To do so, threemain studies are discussed: the traffic flow prediction and regulation on large surface net-works, the vehicular multimodality in big surface networks taking into account new forms ofmobility, and finally the impact of the information on the cost of the itineraries. The devel-opment part consists on the conception of a traffic flow simulator to regulate the vehicularmultimodal traffic. The developed simulator should assist transport operators and territorialcommunities in their traffic flow management strategies
Munteanu, Gheorghe. "Modélisation mathématique, simulation et optimisation des réseaux de transport." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/72/1/MUNTEANU_Gheorghe.pdf.
Full textBencheikh, Ghizlane. "Problèmes de transport : modélisation et résolution par les métaheuristiques." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0022.
Full textIn this thesis, we have considered two different scheduling problems : Scheduling Aircraft Landing and Professional Staff Transportation Problem. For the aircraft landing problem, we have proposed a mathematical formulation of the problem and a job shop formulation of the problem. Three resolution methods are given. The first one is a hybrid method combining Genetic Algorithm and Ant colony Optimization. The Second method is a combination of a genetic algorithm and tabu search. The last resolution method consisted to apply ant colony algorithm combined with a local search heuristic, this algorithm deal with the dynamic case where there is a cancellation of a flight or a runway closure. The Professional Staff Transportation Problem consists to build the routing of a limited fleet of vehicles in charge of transporting the staff of one or several companies (on their demand). The goal is to minimize the total cost of transport, and maximising the level of service offered to users. The quality of service is expressed in our work in terms of waiting time and ride time of users. After we have shown a mathematical formulation, we gave a resolution method of the problem based on ant colony optimization. Finally, we solved the problem by two population metaheuristics, namely, ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm. The ant colony algorithm is based on the "cluster first/rout second" method. Before presenting experimental results of the two algorithms, we have fixed their parameters by a factorial experimental design
Meftah, Khouane. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle de l'hydrodynamique et du transport par suspension." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1160.
Full textVaghi, Cristina. "Modélisation mathématique du transport des nanoparticules dans les tumeurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0326.
Full textNanomedicine offers promising and innovative tools to treat cancer. Recently, liposomes conjugated with an antibody were developed to target breast cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues from the toxicity of the chemotherapy. These nanoparticles are called antibody-nanoconjugates (ANCs) and are currently tested in a preclinical trial. However, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and efficacy of these nanoparticles are not well known and could be improved. Mathematical modeling can help in understanding the intratumor penetration of the nanoparticles and in quantifying the treatment efficacy.Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling evaluates the dose-response relationship in vivo and can be used to optimize the therapy schedule. Here, we described several biological processes using ordinary differential equations: (i) the untreated tumor growth with a novel reduced Gompertz model, (ii) the nanoparticle biodistribution using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and (iii) the therapeutic response with a resistance model. All the models were validated against experimental data in the statistical framework of nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, which models simultaneously the dynamic of the population and the inter-individual variability.Furthermore, we derived a spatial mathematical model with the two-scale asymptotic expansion method to describe the fluid and nanoparticle transport within the tumor tissue. This approach allowed us to evaluate the barriers that impair a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles at the tumor site. Moreover, we propose a computational framework to predict tumor accumulation of nanoparticles using individual imaging data
Camenen, Benoît. "Modélisation numérique du transport sédimentaire sur une plage sableuse." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10043.
Full text