Academic literature on the topic 'Modélisation du crâne'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modélisation du crâne":
Treil, J., J. Braga, and A. Aït Ameur. "Modélisation 3D du viscéro-crâne. Applications en orthodontie et chirurgie orthognatique." Journal de Radiologie 90, no. 5 (May 2009): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(09)74038-7.
-Altet, O. "La suspension CRONE Hydractive : modélisation et stabilité." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 08 (2003): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2003.104.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modélisation du crâne":
Niass, Abou. "Contribution à la modélisation mécanique du crâne et de la face humaine." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13200.
Rambaud, Fabienne. "Caractérisation, Analyse et Modélisation statistiques de fragments osseux crâniens pour la prédiction de paramètres mécaniques lésionnels." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00290942.
Cette thèse est une contribution à l'amélioration de la connaissance du comportement mécanique des os crâniens, en particulier dans le contexte accidentologique.
Les mécanismes de fractures du crâne ont été étudiés par un grand nombre de chercheurs. De multiples techniques et approches ont été élaborées pour la modélisation du comportement mécanique des os crâniens ; ces modèles ne permettent cependant pas de pallier aux problèmes de dispersions inter et intra individuelles propres aux sujets humains.
Dans un premier temps, selon un protocole expérimental, 289 éprouvettes prélevées sur différentes zones osseuses de 17 calottes crâniennes humaines sont testées en essais de flexion trois points quasi-statiques. La force de rupture obtenue à partir des courbes effort/déplacement représente le paramètre mécanique à prédire dans nos modèles statistiques. A partir de mesures morphométriques obtenues par analyse d'images et tests expérimentaux, 15 paramètres morphométriques et densitométriques sont définis pour chaque éprouvette.
Ensuite, une analyse de données exploratoire multidimensionnelle est réalisée sur le tableau de données préalablement fuzzifiées. Cette analyse a permis de nous orienter sur les liaisons linéaires et non linéaires existant entre les paramètres. Des régressions multiples linéaires et curvilinéaires sont réalisées par ajustement des paramètres jugés pertinents. Les modèles sont choisis par la méthode de validation croisée, et par une étude complète de diagnostic des résidus.
L'élaboration de modèles statistiques a permis, selon un sexe et une classe d'âge, de prédire le comportement mécanique de fragments osseux crâniens soumis à des sollicitations de flexion quasi-statique de manière personnalisée.
Nicolle, Stéphane. "Identification et modélisation du comportement viscoélastique linéaire et non linéaire du tissu cérébral en situation d'impacts." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13157.
The aim of this work is to contribute to the development of the ULP human head Finite Element model. This study concerns the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic brain tissue behaviour of which the knowledge remains currently incomplete and contrasted. The small shear strains brain properties are determined on new frequency range (from 0. 1 to more than 6000 Hz) which includes frequencies associated with traffic road accidents and non penetrating ballistic impacts. The robustness of the protocol and the reliability of the experimental results are confirmed by the use of two different testing devices and by the analysis of several factors which could affect measurements objectivity. The study is also accompanied by an analysis of the anisotropy for a particular area of the brain (the corona radiate), and inter-species and regional differences. The large strain brain behaviour is characterized by shear relaxation tests between 0. 1% and 50% strain. The results show the increase of the strain level affect the modulus magnitude but not their relaxation times. The brain linear behaviour is modelled by a phenomenological five-mode Maxwell model. The brain rubberlike behaviour is modelled by an Ogden hyperelastic law. This law is extended to take account of the observed dissipative effects on all time range (visco-hyperelastic law). Finally, a comparison of these brain linear and nonlinear constitutive laws is realised from numerical simulations of a reference and a ballistic impact. The conclusion is that the pertinence of the different laws contribution requires other numerical model validation criteria
Fin, Loïc. "Etude et modélisation de la circulation du liquide cérébro-spinal (LCS)." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1406.
Autuori, Barbara. "Modélisation par éléments finis de la face humaine en vue de la simulation de sa réponse au choc." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008231.
En vue de prédire précisément les risques de blessures de la face et du contenu intracrânien, l'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un modèle en éléments finis de la structure osseuse de la face et du crâne pour la simulation de sa réponse au choc.
Une première partie du travail a consisté à construire le maillage d'une structure osseuse cranio-faciale à partir de coupes scanner de tête. Le choix d'un maillage en éléments de type plaque, de densité suffisante pour représenter fidèlement la géométrie complexe de cette structure osseuse et d'épaisseur variable, a été fait.
L'hypothèse d'un matériau osseux homogène et isotrope a été choisie pour l'ensemble de la structure cranio-faciale. Des essais de flexion statique sur des échantillons d'os crânien, associés à leur simulation numé-rique et une méthode d'identification, ont permis de définir les propriétés élasto-plastiques de ce matériau. Les résultats se situent correctement par rapport aux intervalles de valeurs de la littérature.
La réponse du modèle cranio-facial a été validée sous sollicita-tions statiques. Pour cela des essais spécifiques de compression de la face ont été réalisés sur pièce anatomique. Les courbes globales effort - déplacement expérimentale et numérique ont été comparées pour « calibrer » les propriétés du matériau. La réponse du modèle a ensuite été validée par comparaison du champ de déplacement mesuré expérimentalement par une méthode de corrélation d'images et obtenu par simulation.
Le modèle ainsi validé en statique a été évalué sous sollicitations dynamiques. Sa réponse au choc a été comparée aux résultats d'un impact sur la face réalisé spécifiquement. La réponse au choc globale du modèle est similaire à celle enregistrée expérimentalement.
Plusieurs perspectives d'exploitation de ce modèle sont envisa-geables dans le domaine du choc ou celui de la chirurgie. En particulier, il aidera à définir des critères de blessures de la tête en cas de choc sur la face.
Siegel, Alice. "Etude de l’interaction mécanique entre un dispositif médical implantable actif crânien et le crâne face à des sollicitations dynamiques." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0012.
Active cranial implants are more and more developed to cure neurological diseases. In this context it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical resistance of the skull-implant complex under impact conditions as to ensure the patient’s security. The aim of this study is to quantify the mechanical interactions between the skull and the implant as to develop a finite element model for predictive purpose and for use in cranial implant design methodologies for future implants. First, material tests were necessary to identify the material law parameters of titanium and silicone. They were then used in a finite element model of the implant under dynamic loading, validated against 2.5 J-impact tests. The implant dissipates part of the impact energy and the model enables to optimize the design of implants for it to keep functional and hermetic after the impact. In the third part, a finite element model of the skull-implant complex is developed under dynamic loading. Impact tests on ovine cadaver heads are performed for model validation by enhancing the damage parameters of the three-layered skull and give insight into the behavior of the implanted skull under impact.This model is a primary tool for analyzing the mechanical interaction between the skull and an active implant and enables for an optimized design for functional and hermetic implants, while keeping the skull safe
Deck, Caroline. "Modélisation par éléments finis des lésions crânio-encéphaliques : Application à l'optimisation du casque vis à vis de critères biomécaniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13191.
Traumatic head injuries remain a common cause of death and severe disabilities around the world. FE modelling of the head is a well accepted tool to study head impact biomechanics. The first goal of this work was to optimise a full face helmet finite element model based on the dynamic behaviour of its components against biomechanical criteria. After a validation with a headform FE model as used in the experimental normative tests, the helmet model was coupled with a previously developed finite element model of the human head in order to predict intra-cranial field parameters. Four impacts on a flat anvil has been simulated with the same boundary conditions as for the normative test (ECER022) with standard helmet mechanical properties. The estimated intra-cranial stresses suggested that some brain tolerance limits were reached in these impacts configurations. In order to define the influence of the helmet shell and foam properties on the human head, a parametric study of the model was undertaken and all results were analyse with a PCA method to propose an helmet optimisation against biomechanical criteria. The second goal of this work was to improve a number of geometrical aspects and material constitutive laws of this complex human segment. The skull representation is improved at the geometrical point of view in order to simulate skull depressive and linear fractures. At the other hand brain constitutive law improvement is based on original experimental tests focusing on non linear behaviour in order to investigate the brain material properties influence in the head model validation procedure against existing experimental brain deformation recording. Main result is a detailed skull geometry including skull reinforced beams and thickness variation validated against existing head impacts involving skull fracture as well as a linear and a non-linear brain constitutive law which permit an accurate validation against brain deformation under impact
Roth, Sébastien. "Modélisation numérique de la tête de l'enfant par la méthode des éléments finis : application à la biomécanique des chocs." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13233.
Angla, Célestine. "Fast transcranial acoustic simulations for personalized dosimetry in ultrasound brain therapy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST207.
Ultrasound brain therapy is a promising method, as it is non-invasive when ultrasonic waves are sent through the skull. However, the skull bone complex structure strongly attenuates and aberrates the ultrasound beam, altering the dimensions, position and intensity of the focal spot. These focal parameters must be perfectly controlled to ensure both treatment efficacy and safety. Due to the high inter/intra-individual variability of skull geometry and acoustic properties, personalized simulations are required to predict focal characteristics depending on the patient skull and the ultrasonic probe position. Most simulation methods currently in use, such as k-Wave, are very time- and memory-intensive, limiting them to pre-intervention planning tools. The aim of this thesis was to develop a fast and realistic semi-analytical method for ultrasound field computation through the skull. As a first step, we developed a smooth and homogeneous model of the skull, realistic and suited to fast field computation algorithms. To this end, we modeled the skull inner and outer surfaces using a method called "Multi-level Bspline Approximation", and we developed a skull acoustic property homogenization method, which was numerically validated. This smooth and homogeneous skull model was then used as input to the field computation algorithm developed. This algorithm, named SplineBeam, is based on an ultrasonic path computation method that minimizes the time-of-flight function, which is fast and accurate, and which, combined with the pencil method, enables a regular sampling of the ultrasound probe. SplineBeam was validated numerically, by comparison with the pencil method, embedded in the CIVA HealthCare simulation platform, developed at the CEA, and with other numerical solvers (including k-Wave) on a series of configurations, and experimentally, by comparison with hydrophone measured pressure fields through an ex vivo skull sample. SplineBeam simulated fields were found to be closer to the experimentally measured ones than those simulated with k-Wave. This validates both the skull model and the field computation method. Furthermore, SplineBeam can restrict its computation to the focal spot, which allows it to drastically reduce the number of computation points, making it faster than k-Wave by two orders of magnitude, for a large probe
Nadarasa, Jeyendran. "Modélisation par éléments-finis des traumatismes crâniens du nourrisson." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD003.
Impact biomechanics aim at studying injuries, establishing tolerance limit and propose efficient protective systems. The finite-element method permits to study precisely injury mechanisms by avoiding questions linked to experimentation and ethics. For the human adult head biomechanics, this methodology was taken earlier and several stable and validated models exist worldwide, among which one can find the Strasbourg University Finite Element Head Model (SUFEHM). This thesis aims at widening the human head biomechanics by studying infant head trauma. The research work has been conducted in two steps. In the first one, an infant eye numerical model was developed in order to study retinal hemorrhages. The second one consisted in improving the infant head model by integrating medical images data such as axonal fiber density and orientations into the infant brain and by validating the mechanical formulation of the infant skull in order to predict skull fractures