Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation du COS'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Modélisation du COS.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Launois, Thomas. "Modélisation de la composition isotopique des cernes d'arbres (13C et 18O) et des transferts de COS entre l'atmosphère et la biosphère continentale pour quantifier les flux bruts de carbone." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0039/document.
Full textIn the context of global climate change, the behavior of the terrestrial biosphere can be durably affected by the increased frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, which can decrease the photosynthetic assimilation of carbon and/or increase the respiration rate of the ecosystems. Therefore, quantifying the carbon storage capacity of the ecosystems and predicting their sensitivity to climate changes strongly rely on our capacity to separately estimate the photosynthesis and respiration rates at different scales. The gross primary productivity (GPP) is however not directly measurable. Indirect approaches have been proposed to estimate the biospheric gross fluxes (GPP and respiration), combining for instance stable isotopologues of CO2 (13C and 18O), and, more recently, the measure of carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentrations in the atmosphere. In this context, my PhD work followed two complementary approaches. In the first approach, isotopic measurements and tree-ring widths were used, because both of them are linked to the photosynthetic activity. The inter-annual variations of the photosynthetic fluxes simulated with the ORCHIDEE continental biosphere model were evaluated and compared with in situ measurements. The second approach consisted in using atmospheric measurements of OCS concentrations and in exploring their potential to constrain the current estimates of the GPP in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM), by (1) establishing a new global budget of sources and sinks of this gas, (2) optimizing the source and sink terms of this cycle and (3) estimating the potential of this new tracer to validate/invalidate the simulated GPP when using current DGVMs
Launois, Thomas. "Modélisation de la composition isotopique des cernes d'arbres (13C et 18O) et des transferts de COS entre l'atmosphère et la biosphère continentale pour quantifier les flux bruts de carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0039.
Full textIn the context of global climate change, the behavior of the terrestrial biosphere can be durably affected by the increased frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, which can decrease the photosynthetic assimilation of carbon and/or increase the respiration rate of the ecosystems. Therefore, quantifying the carbon storage capacity of the ecosystems and predicting their sensitivity to climate changes strongly rely on our capacity to separately estimate the photosynthesis and respiration rates at different scales. The gross primary productivity (GPP) is however not directly measurable. Indirect approaches have been proposed to estimate the biospheric gross fluxes (GPP and respiration), combining for instance stable isotopologues of CO2 (13C and 18O), and, more recently, the measure of carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentrations in the atmosphere. In this context, my PhD work followed two complementary approaches. In the first approach, isotopic measurements and tree-ring widths were used, because both of them are linked to the photosynthetic activity. The inter-annual variations of the photosynthetic fluxes simulated with the ORCHIDEE continental biosphere model were evaluated and compared with in situ measurements. The second approach consisted in using atmospheric measurements of OCS concentrations and in exploring their potential to constrain the current estimates of the GPP in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM), by (1) establishing a new global budget of sources and sinks of this gas, (2) optimizing the source and sink terms of this cycle and (3) estimating the potential of this new tracer to validate/invalidate the simulated GPP when using current DGVMs
Gonzalez, Perez Alfonso. "Etudes expérimentales et modélisation du comportement de phase et des propriétés de transport des mélanges liés à la capture et au stockage du carbone." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM059/document.
Full textThe main aim of this research is to develop a thermodynamic model from an accurate equation of state (EoS) for CO2, hydrocarbons and other gases as N2, O2, Ar, etc. The SAFT-VR Mie EoS was selected to study the phase behaviour and transport properties of mixtures related to carbon capture and storage (CCS). In order to asses this new version of SAFT, several equations of state have been compared (PR, SRK and PC-SAFT). SAFT-VR Mie EoS provides very good density predictions for pure component and binary systems according to the comparative study carried out. Therefore, three transport properties were modelled with SAFT-VR Mie and two models based on density predictions from the EoS. Thus, density, viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) of CO2-rich systems were calculated by this SAFT-EoS (density), TraPP model (viscosity) and DGT (IFT), in the framework of CCS. Some experimental work was done, in order to extend the available literature data. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium of H2S-Ar binary system was determined at three temperatures from 258 to 288 K. Densities of five binary systems of H2S with methane, ethane and propane were measured continuously at 3 temperatures (253, 273 and 293K) and at pressures up to 30MPa. Following the same technique, the density of the ternary system 42%CO2, 40%CH4 and 18%H2S was measured at pressures ranging from 0.2 to 31.5MPa and at 6 temperatures between 253 and 353K. Densities and viscosities of a multicomponent CO2-rich with 50% of impurities were measured at 5 temperatures between 283 and 423 K and at pressures up to 150 MPa
Hashem, Hadi. "Modélisation intégratrice du traitement BigData." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLL005/document.
Full textNowadays, multiple actors of Internet technology are producing very large amounts of data. Sensors, social media or e-commerce, all generate real-time extending information based on the 3 Vs of Gartner: Volume, Velocity and Variety. In order to efficiently exploit this data, it is important to keep track of the dynamic aspect of their chronological evolution by means of two main approaches: the polymorphism, a dynamic model able to support type changes every second with a successful processing and second, the support of data volatility by means of an intelligent model taking in consideration key-data, salient and valuable at a specific moment without processing all volumes of history and up to date data.The primary goal of this study is to establish, based on these approaches, an integrative vision of data life cycle set on 3 steps, (1) data synthesis by selecting key-values of micro-data acquired by different data source operators, (2) data fusion by sorting and duplicating the selected key-values based on a de-normalization aspect in order to get a faster processing of data and (3) the data transformation into a specific format of map of maps of maps, via Hadoop in the standard MapReduce process, in order to define the related graph in applicative layer.In addition, this study is supported by a software prototype using the already described modeling tools, as a toolbox compared to an automatic programming software and allowing to create a customized processing chain of BigData
Bois, Hugo. "Modélisation et prospective de la demande de mobilité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100100/document.
Full textToday, mostly in developed countries, we are moving from ownership to usership and therefore from transport to mobility. Mobility is at the heart of people's lives and structure; it is also a source of positive externalities (economic activity, time saving, geographical accessibility) but also negative about the environment (local pollution, greenhouse gases), the social (mobility inequalities) and the economy (loss of time in congestion). It is therefore necessary to analyse the impact on public expectations of public policies aimed at reducing negative externalities.This thesis is financed by PSA Group and aims to study the mobility demand through the construction of modal preferences. In this aim, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to analyze the importance of the attributes characterizing transportation modes and the perceptions of these attributes for each transportation modes. An econometric treatment is then carried out concerning attitudes and perceptions and different models are compared with and without accessibility constraints. Finally, a carbon tax is introduced into our model through a shock of short-term perceptions to analyze changes in modal preferences. A new transportation mode is also introduced. The combination of these two elements is then analyzed in terms of modal shares and CO2 emissions. The analytic framework constructed allow us to simulate changes in a longer term. In other words, it allows to model the impact of prospective scenarios on modal preferences. This model was delivered to the PSA Group to refine the construction of its prospective scenarios as well as their knowledge about mobility demand.The main result are the followings. A carbon tax which is high enough must be introduced to have a significant and positive impact on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction from travel. At the same time, a new transportation mode defined between the bicycle and the small electric vehicle implies an increase in satisfaction of individuals. To be brief, if the objective is to reduce CO2 emissions from transports while maximizing the satisfaction of individuals, our model tells us that a relatively high carbon tax stimulate innovation and thus allows new transportation modes to emerge that are cleaner and better fitted to individuals expectations
Toubassy, Joseph. "Étude et modélisation du givrage du CO2 sur un évaporateur à glissement de température." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0108.
Full textThe carbon dioxide capture and storage is the solution to reduce CO2 emissions from large stationary sources. CO2 capture by "Antisublimation" consists in cooling flue gases under the CO2 triple point, which goes then directly from vapor to solid phase. The CO2 concentration variation induces a temperature variation of about 20 K through the heat exchanger. The exergy optimization of the heat exchanger is a necessity to improve the CO2 separation and the process energy performance.Since the CO2 properties under the triple point are not defined, new equations are proposed to calculate CO2 thermodynamic properties for solid-vapor equilibrium. A CO2-N2 psychrometric chart is developed to represent the flue-gas gliding temperature. The study of the flue–gas side heat and mass transfer requires antisublimation understanding. The classical nucleation theory is adopted to identify parameters that affect the mass transfer and frost morphology. A qualitative and quantitative experimental investigation is performed to study the frost formation and its dependence on the supersaturation and solute concentration. The solid CO2 observation under 200x magnification ratio proves that antisublimation occurs by heterogeneous nucleation. A CFD multiphase and multi-component transient model able to predict the frost formation and growth as a function of the heat-exchanger structure and flow conditions is proposed
Molina, Carpio Luis. "Modélisation inverse des flux de CO2 en Amazonie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV040/document.
Full textA better knowledge of the seasonal and inter-annual variations of the Amazon carbon cycle is critical to understand the influence of this terrestrial ecosystem on climate change. Atmospheric inverse modeling is a powerful tool to estimate these variations by extracting the information on the spatio-temporal patterns of surface CO2 fluxes contained in observations of atmospheric CO2. However, the confidence in the Amazon flux estimates obtained from global inversion frameworks is low, given the scarcity of observations in this region.In this context, I started by analyzing in detail the Amazon net ecosystem exchange (NEE) inferred with two global inversions over the period 2002 — 2010. Both inversions assimilated data from the global observation network outside Amazonia, and one of them also assimilated data from four stations in Amazonia that had not been used in previous inversion efforts. I demonstrated that in a global inversion the observations from sites distant from Amazonia, as well as local observations, controlled the NEE inferred through the inversion. The inferred fluxes revealed large-scale structures likely not consistent with the actual NEE in Amazonia. This analysis confirmed the lack of observation sites in Amazonia to provide reliable flux estimates, and exposed the limitations of global frameworks, using low-resolution models to quantify regional fluxes. This limitations justified developing a regional approach.Then I evaluated the benefit of the regional atmospheric model BRAMS, relative to the global forecast system ECMWF, when both models provided the meteorological fields to drive the atmospheric transport model CHIMERE to simulate CO2 transport in tropical South America at high resolution (~35 km). I simulated the CO2 distribution with both transport models―CHIMERE-BRAMS and CHIMERE-ECMWF. I evaluated the model simulations with aircraft measurements in vertical profiles, analyzing the concentrations associated to the individual measurements, but also with horizontal gradients along wind direction between pairs of sites at different altitudes, or vertically integrated. Both transport models simulated the CO2 observations with similar performance, but I found a strong impact of the uncertainty in the transport models. Both individual measurements and horizontal gradients were most sensitive to NEE, but also to biomass burning CO2 emissions (EFIRE) in the dry season. I found that horizontal gradients were more suitable for inversions than individual measurements, since the former were less sensitive fluxes outside South America and further decreased the impact of the transport model uncertainty in altitude.Finally, I developed two analytical regional inversion systems for tropical South America, driven with CHIMERE-BRAMS and CHIMERE-ECMWF, and made inversions with four observation vectors: individual concentration measurements and horizontal gradients at five vertical levels, close to the surface, or horizontal gradients vertically integrated. I found a strong dependency of the inverted regional and sub-regional NEE and EFIRE emissions budgets on both the transport model and the observation vector. Inversions with gradients yielded a better separation of NEE and EFIRE signals. However, the large uncertainties in the inverted fluxes, did not yield high confidence in the estimates. Therefore, even though my study did not improve the knowledge of seasonal and year-to-year variations of the NEE in Amazonia, it demonstrated need of further efforts to improve transport modeling in the region and the inverse modeling strategy, at least through a careful definition of the observation vector that accounts for the characteristics of the available data, and the limitations of the current transport models
Molina, Carpio Luis. "Modélisation inverse des flux de CO2 en Amazonie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV040.
Full textA better knowledge of the seasonal and inter-annual variations of the Amazon carbon cycle is critical to understand the influence of this terrestrial ecosystem on climate change. Atmospheric inverse modeling is a powerful tool to estimate these variations by extracting the information on the spatio-temporal patterns of surface CO2 fluxes contained in observations of atmospheric CO2. However, the confidence in the Amazon flux estimates obtained from global inversion frameworks is low, given the scarcity of observations in this region.In this context, I started by analyzing in detail the Amazon net ecosystem exchange (NEE) inferred with two global inversions over the period 2002 — 2010. Both inversions assimilated data from the global observation network outside Amazonia, and one of them also assimilated data from four stations in Amazonia that had not been used in previous inversion efforts. I demonstrated that in a global inversion the observations from sites distant from Amazonia, as well as local observations, controlled the NEE inferred through the inversion. The inferred fluxes revealed large-scale structures likely not consistent with the actual NEE in Amazonia. This analysis confirmed the lack of observation sites in Amazonia to provide reliable flux estimates, and exposed the limitations of global frameworks, using low-resolution models to quantify regional fluxes. This limitations justified developing a regional approach.Then I evaluated the benefit of the regional atmospheric model BRAMS, relative to the global forecast system ECMWF, when both models provided the meteorological fields to drive the atmospheric transport model CHIMERE to simulate CO2 transport in tropical South America at high resolution (~35 km). I simulated the CO2 distribution with both transport models―CHIMERE-BRAMS and CHIMERE-ECMWF. I evaluated the model simulations with aircraft measurements in vertical profiles, analyzing the concentrations associated to the individual measurements, but also with horizontal gradients along wind direction between pairs of sites at different altitudes, or vertically integrated. Both transport models simulated the CO2 observations with similar performance, but I found a strong impact of the uncertainty in the transport models. Both individual measurements and horizontal gradients were most sensitive to NEE, but also to biomass burning CO2 emissions (EFIRE) in the dry season. I found that horizontal gradients were more suitable for inversions than individual measurements, since the former were less sensitive fluxes outside South America and further decreased the impact of the transport model uncertainty in altitude.Finally, I developed two analytical regional inversion systems for tropical South America, driven with CHIMERE-BRAMS and CHIMERE-ECMWF, and made inversions with four observation vectors: individual concentration measurements and horizontal gradients at five vertical levels, close to the surface, or horizontal gradients vertically integrated. I found a strong dependency of the inverted regional and sub-regional NEE and EFIRE emissions budgets on both the transport model and the observation vector. Inversions with gradients yielded a better separation of NEE and EFIRE signals. However, the large uncertainties in the inverted fluxes, did not yield high confidence in the estimates. Therefore, even though my study did not improve the knowledge of seasonal and year-to-year variations of the NEE in Amazonia, it demonstrated need of further efforts to improve transport modeling in the region and the inverse modeling strategy, at least through a careful definition of the observation vector that accounts for the characteristics of the available data, and the limitations of the current transport models
Piera, Martinez Miguel. "Modélisation des comportements extrêmes en ingénierie." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112147.
Full textUncertainty in a system may appear in a system due to external perturbations or a large dispersion of the design parameters. A deterministic approach assuming a perfect knowledge of the environment becomes thus doubtful. The need of reliable systems leads us to elaborate statistical models that are able to deal with this randomness. In this context extreme value modeling plays an important role because these values may correspond to abnormal or dangerous operating conditions. Our task is to model and analyze the apparition of these extreme events. A purely empirical analysis of extreme values requires many simulations of the system, which are often very expensive. It is thus desirable to analyze extreme events with as few system evaluations as possible. In particular a study about the way of estimating probability tails, failure probabilities and the worst operating case of a system has been performed
Bouchafaa, Wassila. "Mesure et modélisation des conditions de dissociation d'hydrates de gaz stabilisés en vue de l'application au captage du CO2." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667115.
Full textBouchafaa, Wassila. "Mesure et modélisation des conditions de dissociation d'hydrates de gaz stabilisés en vue de l'application au captage du CO2." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/66/71/15/PDF/final_thesis_phD.pdf.
Full textThe capture and the detention of the CO2, stemming from heatings, vehicles, incineration units and various types of combustion or fermentation became a world stake. The capture of this gas by using hydrates absorption is a promising alternative. The aim of this work is to study the stability of mixed hydrates systems containing CO2 and another gas (N2, CH4 and H2) with pure water, or with an additive allowing to decrease the operating pressures: the tetrabutylamonium bromide (TBAB), in a perspective of gas separation. The experimental technique that we have used is the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It allowed us to measure the dissociation temperatures and enthalpies for various hydrate with pure water: N2, CH4, N2 + CO2, CH4+CO2, H2+CO2; but also semi-clathrates systems: CO2+CH4 and CO2+N2 with different mass percentages of TBAB (10, 20, 30 and 40). The last part of this thesis concerns the modelling thermodynamics of semi-clathrate systems, where we developed the particular case of the system: CH4+TBAB
Balois, Thibaut. "Modélisation de croissance de tumeurs : cas particulier des mélanomes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE033/document.
Full textMelanoma is a cancer whose mortality grows rapidly with time. In order to insure an early diagnosis, advertising campaigns have emphasized the importance of morphological criteria in order to distinguish moles from melanoma. But, the origins of those criteria are still poorly understood. Our goal is to understand the link between genetic modifications and melanoma patterns using physical tools. As melanoma is easily observable and thin, this makes it an ideal system. This work begins by recalling the physiological aspect of skin cancer. Healthy skin is thoroughly described, then cancerous lesions are depictesd, and melanoma genetic pathways are briefly discussed. Then, continuous mathematical models of cancer are reviewed. We show how mixture theory is used to put cancer into equations. Then, this framework is simplified in a two phases 2D model.Those equations are analysed. The spatial study shows the possibility of a phase separation process: the spinodal decomposition. And, the time study shows thet this model contains the ingredients necessary to describe several melanoma types seen in vivo.Focussing finally on the third dimension. Melanoma evolving on a wavy epidermis (hands and feet skin) are studied. We explain how melanoma patterns should follow the skin ridges (fingerprints)
Wuibaut, Guillaume. "Modélisation des réservoirs fracturés : cas des milieux multi-échelles." Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENAM0026.
Full textZinelabdine, Aoufa. "Modélisation des programmes d'investissement : méthodologie et étude de cas." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECAP0016.
Full textPrache, Pierre. "Modélisation, conception et intégration de nouvelles architectures différentielles pour des capteurs M/NEMS résonants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC054/document.
Full textM/NEMS resonant sensors, due to their small size, consumption and quasi-digital output (a frequency most of the time) are unavoidable tools for on-board systems, from smartphones to aeronautic technology. However, they suffer from environmental drifts, and even though the effect of these drifts can be limited by the design, it is sometimes necessary to use differential architectures to properly remove the drifts from the measurements and ensure the output reliability even in harsh environments. In this work, a special technique for differential measurement is studied, consisting in the synchronization of two resonators, one reference and one sensor. Placed in a single feedback loop, they oscillate at the same frequency and eventual phase shift when the physical quantity to be sensed is applied. This phase shift is a theoretically drift-free way to measure this physical quantity. This technique also benefits from its ease of integration, making it a good candidate for large scale integration. After studying the theoretical framework, several design guidelines are found, which are used in the fabrication of a proof of concept. The theoretical performances are found as well, and compared to the experimental ones
Lévesque, Normand. "Modélisation de phénomènes pour une compréhension du concept de la fonction quadratique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35086.
Full textJiao, Ying. "Risque de crédit : modélisation et simulation numérique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002180.
Full textAnderlohr, Jörg-Michel. "Modélisation de la combustion et des polluants dans la ligne d'échappement d'un moteur." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL100N/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is the development of a predictive numerical model capable of simulating hydrocarbon postoxidation in an IC engine exhaust line. The model should reproduce the auto-ignition of hydrocarbons, as well as the evolution of pollutants and combustion products under postoxidation conditions. For this purpose, a detailed kinetic reaction model was developed. It should be valid at low temperatures and under highly diluted conditions. The model should also take into account the effects of the major components of engine exhaust gas on hydrocarbon postoxidation. These are CO2, H2O, and N2, acting as diluting species, but also CO and NOx, which even in small amounts, may strongly impact hydrocarbon oxidation kinetics. These species must hence be considered for postoxidation modelling.In order to gather chemical and physical effects such as turbulence and mixing, the chemical kinetic mechanism was coupled with a turbulent combustion model designed for CFD 3D engine computations. An a priori tabulation methodology was developed, minimizing computational effort and the developed tabulation technique was validated under postoxidation conditions in an IC-engine exhaust line. The coupled chemical kinetics tabulation and turbulent mixing model was implemented in the CFD code IFP-C3D. Simulations were performed on a configuration representative of the physical phenomena characteristic of hydrocarbon postoxidation in exhaust lines. Results improved the understanding of postoxidation phenomena in an IC-engine exhaust line and propose technical solutions for an enhanced postoxidation control
Abdoulghafour, Halidi. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de l’altération des ciments fracturés en conditions de stockage du CO2." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20187/document.
Full textTitle: “Experimental characterization and modelling of the alteration of fractured cement under CO2 storage conditions.”The main purpose of this thesis was to characterize and to model the hydrodynamic and thermochemical processes leading to the alteration of the wellbore cement materials under borehole conditions. Percolation experiments were performed on fractured cement samples under CO2 storage conditions (60°C and 10MPa). Injection flow rate was dictated by the fracture aperture of each sample. CO2 enriched brine was flowed along the fracture aperture, and permeability changes as well as chemical evolution of major cations were continuously acquired during the experiment time. Reaction paths developed by the alteration of the cement were characterized using microtomography and ESEM images. The experiments conducted using samples presenting large fracture apertures during 5h showed that permeability was maintained constant during the experiment time. Three reacted layers were displaying by the alteration of portlandite and CSH. Long term experiment conducted with large initial fracture aperture showed a decrease of the permeability after 15hours of CO2 exposure. Otherwise, experiments performed on samples presenting narrow apertures indicated the conversion of portlandite and CSH to calcite leading to the permeability reduction and the fracture clogging. Assemblages of phases and chemical changes were modelled using GEMS-PSI speciation code. We studied also using a coupled transport-reactive model the conditions leading to the cement alteration and the formation of associated layers.Key words: Hydrodynamic and thermochemical processes, alteration, wellbore cement, CO2 storage, percolation experiments, numerical modeling
Hiblot, Gaspard. "Modélisation compacte de transistors MOSFETs à canal III-V et films minces pour applications CMOS avancées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT066.
Full textIII-V MOSFETs are considered as a potential candidate for next generation CMOS logic applications thanks to their remarkable transport properties.On the other hand, they suffer from several physical drawbacks (such as tunneling currents or low density-of-states) and technological difficulties (in particular interface traps), which may deteriorate their performance.In this thesis, a physical compact model of the III-V MOSFET is established. It includes a description of short-channel effects, inversion charge (also considering bandstructure effects in thin channels), transport characteristics, tunneling currents, and external components such as access resistances and fringe capacitances. Using this model, the performance of III-V MOSFETs is benchmarked against Si, and a possible roadmap including these devices is presented. It has been found that the III-V channels may feature a significant performance advantage over Si, provided that the interface traps issue be solved. In that case, they may be introduced at the "7nm" node. The critical trap density, above which the performance of III-V MOSFETs degrades below Si, depends on the architecture considered. Finally, the very thin channels required to achieve a good performance with III-V materials may raise variability issues that could reverberate negatively at the circuit design level
Litty, Antoine. "Conception, fabrication, caractérisation et modélisation de transistors MOSFET haute tension en technologie avancée SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT002/document.
Full textNowadays the scaling of bulk silicon CMOS technologies is reaching physical limits. In this context, the FDSOI technology (fully depleted silicon-on-insulator) becomes an alternative for the industry because of its superior performances. The use of an ultra-thin SOI substrate provides an improvement of the MOSFETs behaviour and guarantees their electrostatic integrity for devices of 28nm and below. The development of high-voltage applications such DC/DC converters, voltage regulators and power amplifiers become necessary to integrate new functionalities in the technology. However, the standard devices are not designed to handle such high voltages. To overcome this limitation, this work is focused on the design of a high voltage MOSFET in FDSOI. Through simulations and electrical characterizations, we are exploring several solutions such as the hybridization of the SOI substrate (local opening of the buried oxide) or the implementation in the silicon film. An innovative architecture on SOI, the Dual Ground Plane EDMOS, is proposed, characterized and modelled. It relies on the biasing of a dedicated ground plane introduced below the device to offer promising RON.S/BV trade-off for the targeted applications
Nouguier, Damien. "Etude statistique et modélisation de la dégradation NBTI pour les technologies CMOS FDSOI et BULK." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT068/document.
Full textThe microelectronics industry is able to design transistors reaching dimensions of the order of ten nanometers. And doing this, we reaching the limits in terms of size reduction of CMOS transistors. At these dimensions, the reliability and variability of the devices is critical in terms of lifetime prediction and component warranty. Among the critical aspects, NBTI (Negative Bias Temperature Instability) degradation represents one of the biggest challenges in terms of reliability. This degradation coming from a charge trapping in the gate oxide is responsible for a large part of the degradation of the transistors. Performing a huge experimental work based on the characterization of the kinetic of degradation and relaxation of the NBTI degradation with rapid measurements, allowing us to work on the modeling of the stress and relaxation phases of NBTI degradation. We have successfully create a model for stress and relaxation of the NBTI degradation. These models were then tested on several technological nodes from 14nm FDSOI to 180nm Bulk. We also study the impact of some process changes on NBTI degradation. Finally, we propose a detailed study of the variability induced by the NBTI and the DCM model (Defect centric Model) allowing to model this variability. We also propose a mathematical correction of this model but also another mathematical expression of this model allowing to use it for a large number of defects. Enfin, nous prouvons que DCM est défectueux dans sa prédiction du nombre de défauts et nous proposons un nouveau modèle sous la forme d'un DCM avec deux défauts ou DDCM (Dual Defect Centric Model)
Dadouche, Foudil. "Modélisation et simulation, en VHDL-AMS, de capteurs d’images CMOS." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066322.
Full textRoldan, Reyes Eduardo. "Extraction et modélisation de connaissances : Application à la conception de procédés." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0133/document.
Full textDesign is a complex and crucial process within the lifecycle of products and production processes. In the current context, design engineers and researchers notice an increasing in complexity of products and processes, in order to meet all the requirements coming from all the participants(manufacturers and users alike) in the life cycle and in the normative world as well. Knowledge management is an important asset to accelerate this process and improve its efficiency. Current research on knowledge management is producing new methods and tools to identify, formalize, exploit and disseminate knowledge from past designs experiences to produce new solutions rapidly. Among existing approaches, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Constraint Programming (CP) are suited to needs identified in Process Engineering. Based on the analysis of these two approaches, this work proposes a coupling of CBR and the CP to provide a methodological framework and a software tool to assist design. The CBR allows to capitalize and retrieve past experiences. However, transforming the past solution to fit the new problem requirements needs the addition of new knowledge also known as Adaptation Knowledge. CP, meanwhile, offers an appropriate framework to model and manage knowledge required to obtain an appropriate solution to a problem, but also the adaptation knowledge. In addition to the formalization of adaptation knowledge, one of the remaining major difficulties lies in knowledge acquisition. In the proposed approach, the traditional CBR cycle has been modified to create a user interaction loop. When an adaptation failure occurs, this loop is activated and the expert is asked to make the necessary changes to achieve an appropriate solution. This correction is an opportunity to acquire this new knowledge online, which will be subsequently updated and added into the system. A case study on the design of a unit operation of Process Engineering is used to illustrate the approach
Neveux, Thibaut. "Modélisation et optimisation des procédés de captage de CO2 par absorption chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0266/document.
Full textCO2 capture processes by chemical absorption lead to a large energy penalty on efficiency of coal-fired power plants, establishing one of the main bottleneck to its industrial deployment. The objective of this thesis is the development and validation of a global methodology, allowing the precise evaluation of the potential of a given amine capture process. Characteristic phenomena of chemical absorption have been thoroughly studied and represented with state-of-the-art models. The e-UNIQUAC model has been used to describe vapor-liquid and chemical equilibria of electrolyte solutions and the model parameters have been identified for four solvents. A rate-based formulation has been adopted for the representation of chemically enhanced heat and mass transfer in columns. The absorption and stripping models have been successfully validated against experimental data from an industrial and a laboratory pilot plants. The influence of the numerous phenomena has been investigated in order to highlight the most limiting ones. A methodology has been proposed to evaluate the total energy penalty resulting from the implementation of a capture process on an advanced supercritical coal-fired power plant, including thermal and electric consumptions. Then, the simulation and process evaluation environments have been coupled with a non-linear optimization algorithm in order to find optimal operating and design parameters with respect to energetic and economic performances
Verrière, Hélène. "Modélisation d'explications dans des systèmes utilisant le raisonnement par cas." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ44986.pdf.
Full textKhaddoumi, Balkine. "Analyse et modélisation d'électrocardiogrammes dans le cas de pathologies ventriculaires." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4021.
Full textLe travail s’inscrit dans l’analyse des troubles du rythme cardiaque, et plus particulièrement ceux issus de disfonctionnements des ventricules. Deux problèmes ont été abordés : le premier concerne l’étude d’épisodes de Fibrillation Ventriculaire (VF) obtenus chez l’homme par des enregistrements endocavitaires. Deux hypothèses ont été proposées : signal modélisé par un fondamental et des harmoniques stables ou dépendant du temps. On montre que l’on peut mettre en évidence sur des épisodes courts (5 à 15 secondes) des fluctuations significatives du fondamental grâce à des algorithmes adaptatifs ou évolutifs. Un résultat pratique, établi pour la première fois chez l’homme, est la corrélation entre le fondamental de l’épisode de FV et la période réfractaire. Le second problème concerne des enregistrements de l’ECG à l’aide d’un système à 64 électrodes. L’idée originale est de proposer une mesure de la dispersion spatiale des formes des ondes ECG. La pertinence de la mesure est prouvée en comparant un groupie de sujets ayant eu un infarctus du myocarde avec un groupe témoin sain. Pour chaque colonne d’électrodes les différences de forme sont calculées par rapport à un signal de référence obtenue par l’algorithme : Integral Shape Averaging (ISA). On peut attribuer à cette référence une position moyenne sur le thorax permettant de définir « un chemin moyen ». Ce chemin s’avère être un invariant, indépendant du type d’onde ECG,. Ainsi que du sujet sain ou pathologique. Les retombées pratiques de ce travail se trouvent dans l’aide au diagnostic et la modélisation de l’électrophysiologie cardiaque
Souil, David. "Contribution à la modélisation des performances des technologies CMOS 50nm." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0157.
Full textVerna, Patrice. "Modélisation continue des structures discrètes par homogénéisation : cas des treillis." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0012.
Full textChadouli, Kheira. "Caractérisation pétrographique appliquée à la modélisation pétrolière : étude de cas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0291/document.
Full textUnderstanding oil systems requires petrographic characterization of all elements and process that compose it. In this work, several examples of source rocks, reservoir rocks and seal from different petroleum basins have been studied in order to describe conventional petrographic methods and develop new ones. The new ones as: a program of transformation kinetic of kerogene composed of two types of organic matter, maceral analysis and microfractures study using images analysis, the diffraction X-ray and tomography allowed source rock description. As for, reservoir rocks, methods of petrophysical characterization by images analysis, MSCL Microscopy and wettability parameters permit reservoir quality description and their preservation over time due to recrystalization and dissolution phenomena, fluid flow and TSR/BSR reaction. The cap rocks studied in this thesis are those of Callovo-Ordovician argillites, using X-Ray diffraction as well as images analysis and tomography. Those methods facilitated the understanding of argillites behavior over time, their sorption/desorption ability and their reliability of nuclear waste storage. Finally, Modeling using Petromod helps to determine petroleum systems functioning. Modeling by percolation method gives results closer to oil basins reality, than by Darcy/Hybrid method
Tounsi, Farès. "Microphone électrodynamique MEMS en technologie CMOS : étude, modélisation et réalisation." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0027.
Full textMicrosystems (MEMS - Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) are miniature components including electronic, mechanical and optical functions on the same chip. Microsystems technologies combine developed microelectronic semiconductor technology and new techniques of micro-machining, allowing the realization of an entire system on chip (SoC). In addition, this integration will miniaturize the system, improve performance and increase the sensitivity and especially the noise reduction by reducing the size of components and thereafter the parasitic capacitances due to interconnections. The objective of this thesis is to design and build a new generation of monolithic electrodynamic microphone based on planar spiral coils made with a standard CMOS technology complemented with a front side bulk micromachining post process. The thesis begins with an overview of different standard monolithic fabrication processes which are compatible with integrated MEMS. Then, a detailed electromagnetic analysis and calculations are carried out to study effects between the two inductors which constitute the microphone. This analysis permitted us to estimate the induced voltage at terminals of the secondary coil and helped us to optimize the structure of the inductive microphone. Then, mechanical and vibration analysis of the microphone structure were carried out to study the flexibility and spring constants of its components. Subsequently, we have done an electro-acoustic modeling and modal analysis, using the ANSYS software, to estimate the sensitivity and resonant frequency of the microphone. The final part of the thesis was devoted to explaining in details fabrication steps of the first prototype of the microphone, it shows the layout and describes the characterization
Botan, Alexandru. "Modélisation moléculaire d'argile en contact avec un réservoir de CO2." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066233.
Full textHu, Jyr-Ching. "Modélisation numérique et analyse tectonique régionale : le cas de Taïwan." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066622.
Full textVenet, Saphir. "Stockage du CO2 et séparation CO2/CH4 par des matériaux de silice à porosité et fonctionnalité contrôlées : étude expérimentale et modélisation de dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3027/document.
Full textThis work aims to evaluate the performance of silica-based materials and to rationalize their synthesis according to their desired adsorption properties (capacity and/or selectivity) by combining experimental approaches and the management of the molecular animal. These materials are ideally suited for CO2 adsorption capacity but also CO2/ CH4 selectivity. The different stages of this work were:- the synthesis and functionalization of the silica materials,- their textural and chemical characterization,- the determination of CO2 adsorption capacities, of their CO2/ CH4 selectivity.- the characterizations by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques of tests to try to locate the adsorption of CO2 and to measure its mobility,- microscopic identification by the factor of physic-Factors influence the preferential adsorption of CO2 and its diffusivity in the role of hydrophilic / hydrophobic character in silica by functional.These objectives required the preparation of high specific surface materials through a simple sol-gel process. These materials have been modified in order to obtain a degree of functionalization with -CH3 groups sufficient to modify the hydrophilic nature of the material while maintaining a sufficient specific surface area. The influence of pore size was also probed.The adsorption capacities of the gases under pressure were carried out for pure gases but also on CO2/ CH4 mixtures in different proportions. The CH4/ CO2 selectivity, often estimated from the pure body isotherms and / or the IAST method, was in this case determined from the direct measurement of the isotherms of the gas mixtures. It has become apparent that water plays a crucial role in adsorption capacity and selectivity. This parameter is one of those studied through molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of the introduction of hydrophobic groups has also been explored.The results obtained by molecular dynamics are on the whole in good agreement with the experimental data. These two parallel experience / theory approaches have highlighted the selectivity of one of the materials for applications where the gaseous effluent is little loaded with CO2
Orsikowsky, Sánchez Alejandro. "Propriétés d'adsorption de différents substrats microporeux à la séparation de gaz modélisation, caractérisation et méthodologie de sélection." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3037.
Full textThe aim of this PhD (Cifre) is to describe and model the adsorption of several gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen) on a given adsorbent and to extrapolate the results to the macroscopic behavior of their mixture in an adsorption industrial process in order to better understand the phenomena linking the adsorbent structure with the adsorption industrial processes performance. Since the study requires the description of the adsorption mechanisms, it was decided to start with the best known and most widespread family of adsorbents in the industry because of its low cost, its microporous nature and its chemical and thermal stability: the zeolites.From the bibliographic review, five zeolites with different structural properties (cations contained inside their structure, pore morphology, pore size and Si / Al ratio) were selected under two shapes (powder and beads) to obtain the essential information for determining the key parameters of the adsorption models. In a first step, gas porosimetry with argon at 87 K as the probe molecule, enabled to get access to the structural properties of the different adsorbents (pore volume, pore size distribution and BET surface). A method based on the coupling of gas porosimetry with CO2 at 273 K and argon at 87 K has been proposed for assessing the impact of adsorbent shaping on CO2 adsorption.In a second step, the adsorption equilibria of pure compounds were measured over a very wide range of pressures (from 10-5 to 80 bar) and temperatures (from 253 K to 363 K) by combining high resolution low pressure manometry and high pressure gravimetry. These experimental methods coupled with the measurement of the differential heat of adsorption and the mixture adsorption equilibria as well as with some microscopic studies available in the literature, enabled to identify and to analyze the various adsorption mechanisms. Then, the performance of the macroscopic adsorption models the most widely used in the simulation of adsorption-based gas separation processes - such as those of Toth, Sips and bi-Langmuir - were analyzed over all the experimental data and the identified adsorption mechanisms. Since these models are not representative of the observed physicochemical phenomena, a new methodology for the modeling of pure gases and mixtures adsorption based on representative models of adsorption mechanisms is proposed. This new methodology makes the prediction of gas mixture adsorption possible from only two pure gas adsorption isotherms measured at the extremes of the temperature range of interest.Finally, the last part of the study focuses on the integration of the proposed models in a dynamic adsorption processes simulation software and on their validation with breakthrough curves tests. To this end, a new adsorption column has been designed and integrated into an existing pilot. These dynamic adsorption tests focus on CO2 / N2 separation only and were carried out on two beads of zeolites. Since the exothermicity of CO2 adsorption is very significant, the thermal transfer parameter between the gas and the column wall has been identified as the limiting parameter of the Mass Transfer Zone (MTZ). The optimized heat transfer parameter has been confronted with different correlations in order to predict it. Thus, the dynamic model reproduces very satisfactorily the experimental results
Lornage, David. "Dynamique globale des lignes d'arbres de turbomachines couplées aux fluides environnants : application au cas des lames fluides." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0067/these.pdf.
Full textHigh performances, reliability and security require predicting turbomachine behaviour with high accuracy. Concerning the dynamic behaviour of shaft lines, it is necessary to develop models including all possible couplings. In this context, the research presented in this thesis aims at developing a global model adapted to wheel/shaft assemblies rotating in a surrounding fluid. First, the use and advantages of Eulerian, Lagrangian and mixed formulations are recalled followed by a bibliographic review concerning classical techniques to solve structural problems are coupling techniques in rotating machinery. The coupling technique chosen is then described. It uses fluid and structural models developed and validated independently. The structural domain is discretised using the finite element method; the model is three dimensional. The fluid domain is discretised by using the finite difference method accounting for the thin fluid film hypotheses. A modal projection associated to a grip located at the interface of the fluid and structural domains allows efficient and adaptable coupling. The technique chosen is applied to three different test cases. The first two test cases are composed of a disc/shaft assembly coupled with, in the one hand, a fluid film between the disc and a casing and, on the other hand, a hydrodynamic bearing. These two applications are used to validate the method chosen. The third test case aims at studying a more realistic structure composed of a shaft and a wheel coupled with a fluid between the wheel and a casing. These three application make it possible to identify trends related to the effects of the fluid and the couplings between the flexible structural parts
Elqasyr, Khadija. "Modélisation et analyse statistique des plans d’expérience séquentiels." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES023.
Full textTwo distinct sections constitute this thesis. The first part concerns the study of sequential experimental designs applied to clinical trials. We study the modelling of these designs. We develop a generalization of the `` Play-The-Winner'' rule. Theoretical and numerical results show that these designs perform better than the designs recently developed, in the framework of the Freedman's urn models, which are a generalization of the ''randomized play-the-winner'' rule or of a modifiedversion of this rule. In the second part, we develop inference methods for analyszing the data from the considered sequential designs. In the case of two treatments, and for ''play-the-winner'' rule, we made explicit the sampling distributions and their factorial moments. We derive frequentist inference procedures (tests and conditional confidence intervals) and Bayesian methods for these designs. In the Bayesian framework, for a family of appropriate priors we found the posterior distributions and the credible intervals about the relevant parameters, and the predictive distributions. The link between conditional tests and Bayesian procedures is made explicit. The Bayesian methods are generalized to cover more complex plans (several treatments and delayed responses). Non informative Bayesian procedures are remarkable frequentist properties
Lucile, Floriane. "Etude thermodynamique des équilibres liquide-vapeur des systèmes complexes CO2-eau-impuretés à haute pression. Expérimentation et modélisation." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3042/document.
Full textProduction of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuel participates in the global warming. This issue generates a growing interest for CO2 capture and storage from oxy fuel combustion. Before the sequestration step, the CO2 has to be purified from impurities. Separation processes require a good knowledge of thermodynamics properties of phase equilibria. In this context a new experimental device was designed and set up in the LaTEP to allow the study of the solubility of gas mixture involved in CO2 capture and storage processes (CO2, O2, NOx, SO2). The apparatus was, first, validated by studying the CO2-water system in the temperature range from 293.15 K to 393.15 K and at pressure up to 5 MPa. Then, the CO2-water-NaOH was studied because few data are available in the scientific literature. Experimental data obtained was compared with a model developed in this work. This model is based on a thermodynamic description of physical chemical phenomena occuring in a vapour liquid system. Two model of activity coefficient are compared (Pitzer and electrolyte-NRTL). The last step of this study is the parameter optimization for e-NRTL
Chanson, Romain. "Gravure de l’InP par plasma ICP chloré et HBr/Ar : modélisation multiéchelle et analyse XPS." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=2b207546-39e2-4c12-871a-17575da77fd5.
Full textBaschiera, Daniel. "Modélisation de pannes et méthodes de test de circuits intégrés CMOS." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320020.
Full textCassé, Mikaël. "Caractérisation Électrique et Modélisation du Transport dans les Dispositifs CMOS Avancés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974652.
Full textMalle, Richard. "Modélisation des loyers de bureaux : Le cas de la Région parisienne." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090038.
Full textFrom now on, property is regarded as a real financial asset class, and offices are its flagship investment product. The Paris region office market is one of the main market in Europe and it is rarely covered by the literature. The target of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the rental formation in the Paris office market. Different analysis levels are developed. Firstly, the rental valuation of an office building according to its intrinsic and ambient characteristics is explained. Secondly, a string of indices in order to measure and analyse the office market in a global, spatial and segmented way is calculated. Finally, rental values are studied as the match between supply and demand according to several property and macroeconomic fundamentals. This approach will permit to offer an interpretation of the previous and future property trend for the Paris region office market
Rezzoug, Mustapha. "Performances temporelles de structures CMOS en submicronique profond : modélisation et calibration." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20111.
Full textBessagnet, Bertrand. "Modélisation de l'aérosol carboné : cas particulier des particules fractales de combustion." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3778/.
Full textIn the last three decades, industrialized countries have become aware of the risks to the future of our atmosphere if nothing was done to change our behaviours on our environment. In this perspective, the study of the airborne aerosol particles is clearly lagging behind that of the gas phase. Processes are indeed much more complex compared to the gaseous phase: sources, spatial and temporal distributions more localized, necessary treatment of both their particle size and chemistry, heterogeneous chemistry of "imperfect and dirty" surfaces (considering the many chemical species present in the atmosphere), integration of the chemical characteristics into their composition of the various media encountered during their transport, etc. . . Measurement networks are only just starting to implement particles into their strategy and air quality index (ATMO index in France); standards such as PM2. 5 (mass of particles smaller than 2. 5 μm) or PM10 have been then defined. The first part of this research work is devoted to a bibliographic synthesis on the carbonaceous aerosol; an analysis of its composition, structure and physico-chemical behaviour is discussed. This section introduces a second chapter, dedicated to the development and presentation of numerical tools to describe all chemical and microphysical processes involved. The formation of condensable secondary species is particularly discussed, they are produced by photooxidation in the atmosphere (gas / particle transfers). An innovative aerosol modelling approach, considering particle morphology, is proposed. Indeed, the scientific community has described up to now the different processes assuming spherical particles. Although this approach is classic for the formulation of processes, it seemed important to introduce a fractal morphology parameter into the description of these processes. Indeed, we see that the gas / particle exchange surface is of major importance for heterogeneous chemistry processes (absorption, surface catalysis, etc. ). The fractal dimension parameter thus makes it possible to quantify the surface / volume ratio of particles. The importance of mobile sources contribution on the total load of particulate matter in urban areas has driven us to study the evolution of particles emitted by a single vehicle. In actual emission conditions, the fractal particle model tracks the evolution of the particles (compositions, sizes, etc…) from the exhaust pipe to the ambient environment. We observe that combustion particles are particularly well described by the fractal approach. Sensitivity analyses are presented. The impact of the sulphur content of fuels is analysed, which will explain the outbreak of nanoparticles at the exhaust, phenomenon observed by some authors. Due to these adverse effects on catalytic systems, sulphur is involved in future fuel regulations by 2004 in Europe and the United States
Guitari, Imed. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'une pompe à chaleur fonctionnant au CO2." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0070/these.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns an experimental study and modelling of an air/water beat pump using carbon dioxide as a working fluid. The experimental study is carried out on an instrumented test setup (pressure, temperature, flow end power measurements) to characterize the operation of this type of installation in static and dynamic mode. The static model was developed an validated. It allows to determine the optimal conditions of operation for various external conditions. Thus, a simplified law governing the optimal high pressure according to the gas cooler outlet temperature is deduced from the calculations. The dynamic model is based on the equations of mass and energy conservation. It takes into account the thermal inertia on the compressor, the exchanger' s walls, the refrigerant (carbon dioxide) and the coolant (water). Comparison between modelling results and those obtained with the test stand gives a good agreement. Thanks to this model, it is possible to record the operating variables versus time and space after changing the input parameters such as sources temperatures, expansion valve opening and compressor rotating speed. In particular, we notice a good representation of starting process with a transition from subcritical to transcritical cycle
Pandiyan, Sudharsan. "Modélisation moléculaire de la perméabilité du CO2 dans les membranes polymères." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS045.
Full textCarbon dioxide (CO2) separation studies have become a major interest for researchers in the 21st century. In the case of polymer matrices, it is important to examine the relationships between the permeation properties of CO2 and the structural and dynamical features of the polymers. We have selected three fluorinated polyimides (6FDA-6FpDA, 6FDA-6FmDA and 6FDA-DAM) and used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to provide a detailed picture of their CO2 permeation properties at the molecular level. Atomistic models of the three fluorinated polyimides were generated using the well-established hybrid Pivot Monte Carlo (PMC)-MD single-chain sampling technique, and were subsequently simulated using MD on its own. All the models were found to compare well with experimentally-derived properties such as densities, fractional free volumes, d-spacing parameters, solubility parameters, energies and X-ray data. Structures and void-space distributions in the pure matrices were also analysed. A realistic stepwise addition of CO2 was carried out in the pure polymer matrices and an iterative procedure was used to calculate the CO2 model sorption isotherms. In addition, the volume swelling induced by CO2 sorption and the immediate effect of exposure to high concentrations of CO2 on the desorption isotherms were also studied. The void spaces, potential energies and the formation of CO2 clusters were characterized and compared with experimental characterizations. The diffusivity of CO2 as a function of CO2 concentration within the polymer matrices was analysed, and the factors affecting mobility were reported in detail
Papolla, Chloé. "Modélisation in vitro de l'hémodynamique intraventriculaire gauche en cas d'insuffisance mitrale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0294.
Full textMitral regurgitation (MR) is a frequent valvulopathy requiring a precise and reliable diagnosis because its treatment depends on its severity. It can be diagnosed using different methods, based either on direct observation of the valve or on an evaluation of changes in the flow dynamics in the heart chambers. In this experimental work, both approaches are explored.The echocardiographic Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) method is commonly used in clinical practice to quantify MR, but is still discussed in the case of MR of complex geometry. An improvement of the method is proposed for functional and double-jet MR. This in-vitro work is clinically validated. In a second step, the influence of MR on fluid dynamics in the left ventricle (LV) is evaluated. Different MR severities are simulated on a native valve physiological model; velocity fields are acquired with a particle image velocimetry system. Our results show that MR induces flow perturbations in the LV characterized by an increase in the mean mitral inflow velocity and high values of viscous energy dissipation. Reduced order models were constructed using the proper orthogonal decomposition method. These models, when compared with numerical and clinical data, should allow an early diagnosis of the pathology. Finally, the impact of the Kalios adjustable annuloplasty device (Affluent Medical) is evaluated; it allows the reduction or even elimination of MR without significantly affecting the flow dynamics in the LV
Lime, François. "Caractérisation et modélisation de diélectriques de grille des technologies CMOS 50nm." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0006.
Full textObara, Tiphaine. "Modélisation de l’hétérogénéité tumorale par processus de branchement : cas du glioblastome." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0186/document.
Full textThe latest advances in cancer research are paving the way to better treatments. However, some tumors such as glioblastomas remain among the most aggressive and difficult to treat. The cause of this resistance could be due to a sub-population of cells with characteristics common to stem cells. Many mathematical and numerical models on tumor growth already exist but few take into account the tumor heterogeneity. It is now a real challenge. This thesis focuses on the dynamics of different cell subpopulations in glioblastoma. It involves the development of a mathematical model of tumor growth based on a multitype, age-dependent branching process. This model allows to integrate cellular heterogeneity. Numerical simulations reproduce the evolution of different types of cells and simulate the action of several therapeutic strategies. A method of parameters estimation based on the pseudo-maximum likelihood has been developed. This approach is an alternative to the maximum likelihood in the case where the sample distribution is unknown. Finally, we present the biological experiments that have been implemented in order to validate the numerical model
Chaehoi, Aboubacar. "Conception et Modélisation de MEMS monolithique CMOS en technologie FSBM : Application aux accéléromètres." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00277563.
Full textDeux types de transductions compatibles avec cette technologie ont été retenus pour nos capteurs, la détection piézorésistive et la détection thermique. Une structure simple pour la transduction piézorésistive a été proposée. Elle permet la détection de l'accélération verticale. Un modèle a été proposé pour ce type d'accéléromètre à détection piézorésistive. Ce modèle est vérifié d'une part par des simulations par éléments finis et enfin par les résultats expérimentaux d'un premier prototype.
Le principe de la transduction thermique est basé sur le transfert de chaleur par convection. Cette transduction permet, elle, la mesure de l'accélération latérale. L'approche de modélisation a été de dégager des règles simples de conception pour ce type d'accéléromètre. Cette modélisation s'appuie, ici aussi, sur des simulations par éléments finis et sur les résultats expérimentaux d'un prototype.
L'étude préliminaire d'un accéléromètre trois-axes a enfin été abordée. Une première structure entièrement piézorésistive a été évaluée. Une seconde solution combinant les deux types de transductions piézorésistive et thermique a été proposée.