Academic literature on the topic 'Modélisation des défauts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modélisation des défauts"
GATIGNOL, Ph. "MODÉLISATION UNIDIMENSIONNELLE POUR LA DÉTECTION PAR ULTRASONS DES DÉFAUTS DANS UN MULTICOUCHE PÉRIODIQUE." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 51, no. C2 (February 1990): C2–451—C2–454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19902107.
Full textBachir, Smail, Slim Tnani, Jean-Claude Trigeassou, Gérard Champenois, and Jacques Saint-Michel. "Diagnostic de la machine asynchrone par identification paramétrique. Modélisation et détection des défauts stator et rotor." Revue internationale de génie électrique 5, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2002): 401–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rige.5.401-430.
Full textCasimir, R., E. Bouteleux, H. Yahoui, Guy Clerc, H. Heano, C. Delmotte, GA Capolino, et al. "Modélisation et diagnostic de la machine asynchrone à cage en présence de défauts. Synthèse de plusieurs méthodes." Revue internationale de génie électrique 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2005): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rige.8.259-286.
Full textHausselle, Jérôme, Sylvain Drapier, Jean Geringer, Michel Dursapt, Jacques Stolarz, and Bernard Forest. "Modélisation de la croissance de défauts dans des cupules de prothèses de hanche en zircone soumises au phénomène de décoaptation." Mécanique & Industries 9, no. 2 (March 2008): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca:2008020.
Full textHoulbert, Anne-sophie, Anne-sophie Lamine, and Alain Degiovanni. "Modélisation d'un défaut limité en vue du controle non destructif des multimatériaux anisotropes." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 34, no. 4-5 (April 1991): 1125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(91)90022-7.
Full textROY, O., and P. CALMON. "Modélisation impulsionnelle de l'interaction entre un faisceau ultrasonore et un défaut proche de la paroi externe." Le Journal de Physique IV 04, no. C5 (May 1994): C5–1169—C5–1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19945257.
Full textJEBBARI, Abdelilah, and Driss EL ZANATI. "L’anticipation de la défaillance des entreprises clientes des établissements bancaires marocains via la méthode de la régression logistique." International Journal of Economic Studies and Management (IJESM) 1, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijesm.v1i1.155.
Full textTaleb, M. "Adversité sociale et troubles psychotiques." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 630–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.134.
Full textFAVERDIN, P., and C. LEROUX. "Avant-propos." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 2 (April 16, 2013): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.2.3137.
Full textPensieroso, Luca, and Michel De Vroey. "Focus 25 - juin 2020." Regards économiques, July 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/regardseco2020.06.04.01.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Modélisation des défauts"
Gasca, Petrica. "Zirconium – modélisation ab initio de la diffusion des défauts ponctuels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10111/document.
Full textZirconium is the main element of the cladding found in pressurized water reactors, under an alloy form. Under irradiation, the cladding elongate significantly, phenomena attributed to the vacancy dislocation loops growth in the basal planes of the hexagonal compact structure. The understanding of the atomic scale mechanisms originating this process motivated this work. Using the ab initio atomic modeling technique we studied the structure and mobility of point defects in Zirconium. This led us to find four interstitial point defects with formation energies in an interval of 0.11 eV. The migration paths study allowed the discovery of activation energies, used as entry parameters for a kinetic Monte Carlo code. This code was developed for calculating the diffusion coefficient of the interstitial point defect. Our results suggest a migration parallel to the basal plane twice as fast as one parallel to the c direction, with an activation energy of 0.08 eV, independent of the direction. The vacancy diffusion coefficient, estimated with a two-jump model, is also anisotropic, with a faster process in the basal planes than perpendicular to them. Hydrogen influence on the vacancy dislocation loops nucleation was also studied, due to recent experimental observations of cladding growth acceleration in the presence of this element
Didier, Gaëtan. "Modélisation et diagnostic de la machine asynchrone en présence de défaillances." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10163.
Full textIn this study, we move on to the broken rotor bar diagnosis of squirrel-cage induction machines. The first part is devoted to the development of a model which is based on the magnetically coupled electric circuits. We present three methods allowing detection of a rotor defect of an induction machine. The first method is based on the evaluation of several indexes calculated starting from the amplitude of the components present in the spectra of the instantaneous power and the line current. The second method of detection suggested uses the stator current spectrum phase calculated starting from a Fourier Transform. To improve the detection, we use the Hilbert transform phase calculated starting from the stator current spectrum module. These approaches have the characteristic to be based on any threshold of reference to establish the presence of a broken rotor bar
Houarche, Nicolas. "Modélisation de défauts paramétriques en vue de tests statiques et dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481534.
Full textBohl, Evans. "Modélisation de fruits, de leur structure interne et de leurs défauts." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0070/document.
Full textOne of the largest areas of research in computer graphics deals with natural phenomena representation. Over the years, as our understanding of nature grew, researchers started to propose new ways of simulating the various natural phenomena that we can observe in our everyday life. In this thesis, we focused on the representation of fruits. The fruit is a complex object. Depending on the desired accuracy, modeling a 3D fruit using classic 3D modeling software can become very tedious. We propose a model for generating vast varieties of fruits as well as their internal structure, thanks to the use of a single formal grammar. Each fruit that will be generated using our method will have global features that characterize its species, but it will also have local variations that are specific to it. The second part of ou work involves the representation of geometrical imperfections along the fruit. The fruit is the result of a series of physiological processes that strongly interact with each other. When one of these processes does not work the way it should, this dysfunction is materialized in the form of a shape defect. Our model introduces a simple approach, based on the use of grammars, which will allow us to apply variations on fruits in order to generate various categories of shape defects
Miorelli, Roberto. "Modélisation du contrôle par méthodes électromagnétiques de défauts réalistes de type fissuration." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112302.
Full textNon Destructive Testing (NDT) with Eddy Current (EC) techniques are is widely employed in several industrial sectors for cracks detection. Numerical simulation tools are largely used in order to design sensors, understand the signals collected during the measurements process and to provide a support in expertise. This work has been accomplished inside CEA LIST in collaboration with L2S-Supélec. It is also a part of the CIVAMONT 2012 project, with the active participation of MEANDER laboratory members from University of Western Macedonia (Greece) and Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia (Greece). The main goal of our work has consisted in to developing a semi-analytical modeling approach, devoted to Eddy Current Testing (ECT) of multiple narrow cracks in planar multilayered structures. From the numerical point of view, simulation of multiple narrow cracks problems is a difficult task for classical methods, like for example the Volume Integral Method (VIM) or the Finite Element Method (FEM). The main issues reside in geometrical characteristics of narrow crack themselves. Indeed, a narrow crack presents a small opening as well as complex profile and a complex shape, with possible electrical contacts inside it. All these features increase enormously, with classical methods, the difficulty to simulate in rapid and/or precise way problems involving narrow cracks. We have tackled the narrow crack issue by developing a Boundary Element Method (BEM) dedicated to ECT signal modeling, starting from an approach presented in literature. Then, we have extended its capability to more realistic and challenging cases, such as the ECT of multilayered structures affected by complex narrow cracks. The principle of this method is to introduce additional assumptions, leading to the description of the crack perturbation as the effect of a dipole distribution, oriented toward the crack opening. Numerically speaking, such a description makes it possible to largely reduce, compared to the VIM, the number of unknowns that one needs to properly solve the problem. A particular attention has been devoted to the analytical formulation, in order to achieve generality, accuracy and efficiency. A precise derivation of the spectral-domain Dyadic Green Function (DGF) associated to our problem has first been developed. In this work, analytical expressions of the spectral-domain DGF have been obtained via the Discrete Complex Image Method (DCIM). Then, an accurate approximation of the spectral-domain DGF has been achieved via the Generalized Pencil of Function (GPOF) method. Therefore, the closed-form of the spectral-domain DGF, expressed under the form of Sommerfeld Integrals (SIs), has been calculated analytically. Finally, the integral equation(s) associate to the electromagnetic problem is solved by applying the Method of Moments (MoM).Validations with respect to experiments and commercial simulation software have been performed to test the model. A large set of configurations have been chosen in order to address realistic configurations involving multiple narrow cracks embedded in different layers of a given multilayered structure. The model proposed has shown its promising performance in terms of computational time compared with the VIM and the FEM. Moreover, a very good agreement with respect to the experimental data has always been observed. In the last and very recent part of our work, a coupled approach between BEM and VIM has been studied and developed in order to address, in a efficient way, problems where narrow cracks appear in the vicinity of with volumetric flaws (for example the simulation of fastener sites inspections). Comparisons with experimental measures have shown that the coupled approach is capable to achieve, overall, better results than the VIM and saves a lot of computational time
Leboeuf, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude des machines synchrones à aimants permanents en présence de défauts inter-spires : modélisation, détection de défauts inter-spires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0364/document.
Full textEmbedded electric systems in aircraft applications have to satisfy to specifications including weight, performances and reliability leading to the use of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM). Due to these constraints, prototypes are often different from classical PMSM. Online monitoring of these systems is challenging but is still important regarding safety applications (electro mechanical airfoil, braking?). The main aim is to detect major incidents in order to use redundant systems. This work concerns modeling of PMSM under both healthy and inter-turn fault cases in order to defined online fault detection methods without additional sensors. Two approaches are presented and compared to experimental tests concerning PMSM under inter-turn fault conditions. One of them is based on Permeance Network (PN) modelling. It can be considered to be the best compromise. The next part deals with two fault indicators methods based on healthy models of Inverter and PMSM and shows improvements brought by these approaches compared to classical methods. The whole indicators are analyzed using Pattern Recognition (PR)
Rouached, Bouali, and Bouali Rouached. "Contribution à la modélisation des défauts de bobinages des machines électriques et à leur détection par des mesures au rotor." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69310.
Full textCe travail de thèse traite de la détection des défauts de bobinages au stator dans les machines électriques contenant une structure d'amortissement. Les courts-circuits entre spires d'un même enroulement sont souvent la prémisse de l'apparition d'autres défauts de bobinages dont les conséquences sont plus sévères. La précocité de détection est donc essentielle pour préserver les machines et leur environnement humain ou matériel. Dans cet ouvrage, nous proposons une solution innovante de discrimination des courts-circuits basée sur la redondance de signaux mesurés au rotor. Pour définir celle-ci, une modélisation d'ordre élevé combinant l'approche des éléments finis et celle des circuits couplés a été employée. La première est utilisée pour déterminer les paramètres (couplages magnétiques) exploités par la seconde qui n'est autre que le modèle comportemental. Comme l'inconvénient de cette combinaison d'approches est le temps utile à l'identification des couplages magnétiques et sachant que diverses configurations de bobinage doivent être modélisées, une nouvelle méthodologie d'identification a été développée. Après une première identification (éléments finis) à temps réduit, celle-ci offre la possibilité d'estimer les paramètres d'une configuration de bobinage souhaitée sans réutilisation de la résolution par éléments finis. En plus de son exploitation pour mettre en œuvre le procédé de détection présenté, cette méthodologie d'identification est un générateur de paramètres utiles pour des détections basées sur « l'estimation paramétrique ». La modélisation des circuits couplés présente un excellent rapport précision/temps de calcul et une bonne efficacité dans la représentation des phénomènes spatiotemporels. L'intégration d'un défaut de bobinage nécessite de faire évoluer les équations de circuits du modèle. À des fins d'atteindre l'objectif de cette thèse, la structure du modèle a été modifiée pour introduire les courts-circuits entre spires au stator. En dehors de l'application présentée, l'association de la méthode d'identification avec le modèle comportemental permet la reproduction rapide de forme d'onde multiple, notamment exploitable dans les approches de détection orientée « signal ». Enfin, à partir de l'outil résultant des travaux précédents, le procédé de diagnostic a pu être déterminé. La sensibilité de détection est le critère principal pour la définition de la technique instrumentale et des traitements de signaux du procédé. L'influence des conditions de fonctionnement sur la sensibilité de détection est évaluée et est considérée pour le choix des solutions retenues. Ce procédé a été validé expérimentalement sur un alternateur synchrone à rotor bobiné de 5.4KVA.
This thesis deals with the detection of stator winding faults in electrical machines containing a damping structure. Short-circuits between turns of the same winding are often the premise for the appearance of other winding faults, the consequences of which are more severe. Early detection is therefore essential to preserve machines and their human or material environment. In this book, we propose an innovative solution to short-circuit discrimination based on the redundancy of signals measured at the rotor. To define this, high-order modelling combining the finite element approach and that of coupled circuits was used. The first is used to determine the parameters (magnetic couplings) exploited by the second which is none other than the behavioural model. As the downside of this combination of approach is the time taken to identify magnetic couplings and the knowledge that various coil configurations must be modelled, a new identification methodology was developed. After an initial identification (finite elements) at short notice, this offers the possibility of estimating the parameters of a desired winding configuration without reusing the finite element resolution. In addition to its use to implement the detection method presented, this identification methodology is a generator of useful parameters for detections based on "parametric estimation". The modelling of coupled circuits presents an excellent precision / calculation time ratio and a good efficiency in the representation of spatial-temporal phenomena. Integrating a winding fault requires changing the model's circuit equations. In order to achieve the objective of this thesis, the structure of the model has been modified to introduce the short circuits between turns at the stator. Apart from the application presented, the association of the identification method with the behavioural model allows the rapid production of multiple waveforms, particularly usable in "signal" oriented detection approaches. Finally, from the tool resulting from the previous work, the diagnostic process could be determined. The detection sensitivity is the main criterion for the definition of the instrumental technique and the signal processing of the process. The influence of the operating conditions on the detection sensitivity is evaluated and is considered for the choice of the solutions adopted. This process has been validated experimentally on a synchronous alternator with wound rotor of 5.4KVA.
This thesis deals with the detection of stator winding faults in electrical machines containing a damping structure. Short-circuits between turns of the same winding are often the premise for the appearance of other winding faults, the consequences of which are more severe. Early detection is therefore essential to preserve machines and their human or material environment. In this book, we propose an innovative solution to short-circuit discrimination based on the redundancy of signals measured at the rotor. To define this, high-order modelling combining the finite element approach and that of coupled circuits was used. The first is used to determine the parameters (magnetic couplings) exploited by the second which is none other than the behavioural model. As the downside of this combination of approach is the time taken to identify magnetic couplings and the knowledge that various coil configurations must be modelled, a new identification methodology was developed. After an initial identification (finite elements) at short notice, this offers the possibility of estimating the parameters of a desired winding configuration without reusing the finite element resolution. In addition to its use to implement the detection method presented, this identification methodology is a generator of useful parameters for detections based on "parametric estimation". The modelling of coupled circuits presents an excellent precision / calculation time ratio and a good efficiency in the representation of spatial-temporal phenomena. Integrating a winding fault requires changing the model's circuit equations. In order to achieve the objective of this thesis, the structure of the model has been modified to introduce the short circuits between turns at the stator. Apart from the application presented, the association of the identification method with the behavioural model allows the rapid production of multiple waveforms, particularly usable in "signal" oriented detection approaches. Finally, from the tool resulting from the previous work, the diagnostic process could be determined. The detection sensitivity is the main criterion for the definition of the instrumental technique and the signal processing of the process. The influence of the operating conditions on the detection sensitivity is evaluated and is considered for the choice of the solutions adopted. This process has been validated experimentally on a synchronous alternator with wound rotor of 5.4KVA.
Andrea, Jonathan. "Génération, modélisation et détection des défauts d'arc électrique : application aux systèmes embarqués aéronautiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10017/document.
Full textThe arcs have been the source of several aircraft accidents by fire or serious destruction of the electrical fundamentals (eg actuators, top panel ,...) (TWA 800 in 1996 and Swiss Air Flight 11 1998). Prevent and detect constitute a significant improvement in aviation safety. Thus, although the problem has been known for a while, detection systems for avionics are very recent. In an aircraft, these defects are caused by the aging and the deterioration of the cables. To study and propose a system for arc detection, the following three phases were followed chronologically in this thesis: first, the developement of a test bench to characterize the main types of arcs (AC and DC). This system can produce arcs controlled intensity and duration depending on the mode serial, parallel, DC and AC. The initiation of arcs is obtained by overvoltage. This surge is produced by inductive switching. Second, the search for reliable electric models explaining the phenomena of arcs. We therefore propose a meta model combining the characteristics of different behavioral models and impedancemetry.This combination significantly improves the overall performance of the modeling in the circuits. Thirdly, the study of detection algorithms for implementation on an electronic circuit, small enough to be implanted in a circuit breaker.We propose and test different methods of detection
Acharian, Georges. "Modélisation de la détection de défauts et perception de la qualité d'images radiologiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT065.
Full textSince the beginning of the 20th century, medical imaging has significantly been improved and represents now an essential mean for medical diagnosis. In the field of radiology, new digital detectors are gradually replacing the old film techniques allowing a better image. This thesis, prepared in collaboration between the company Trixell, manufacturer of X-ray detectors, and the laboratory Gipsa-Lab, is part of the framework of quality control of these detectors by image analysis. Biomedical applications involved by these devices are particularly sensitive, and the principle of “zero artifact” is required to ensure the quality of the product. Despite the various processings, some artifacts may be present in the images.This thesis focuses on the development of models that quantify the visibility of artifacts in concordance to human observation. Two complementary approaches are developed : the first one is based on psychophysical experiments and the second one is a modeling approach based on decision theory. In comparison to existent models, our model takes into account perception characteristics including saccades and eye fixation in image analysis : the visibility test is thus the product of local visibility tests calculated on the salient points of the image and assumed to be independent. The results show the interest of our approach, especially for static detectors. Based on the results and a final eye-tracking experiment, this thesis suggests perspectives taking into account other characteristics such as the number of eye fixations and their duration
Eid, Michel. "Analyse du flambage des pièces embouties : application à la modélisation des défauts d'aspect." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0058.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Modélisation des défauts"
Milliez, S. "Blocs allogéniques d’origine fémorale en apposition horizontale : indications, intérêts et apport de la modélisation 3D." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206601013.
Full textBelon, Sébastien, G. Guillard, and Nicolas Waeckel. "Les situations marquées par un défaut de refroidissement – Le cas de l’APRP : Phénomènes physiques : expérimentations intégrales ou semi-intégrales multi-crayons et modélisation." In Comportement du combustible en situation accidentelle. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jtsfen/2018com12.
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