Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation des décisions'
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Taouali, Wahiba, and Wahiba Taouali. "Modélisation de populations neuronales pour l'intégration visuo-motrice : Dynamiques et décisions." Phd thesis, Université de LORRAINE, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749924.
Full textTaouali, Wahiba. "Modélisation de populations neuronales pour l'intégration visuo-motrice : dynamiques et décisions." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0105/document.
Full textWithin the context of enaction and a global approach to perception, we focused on the characteristics of neural computation necessary to understand the relationship between structures in the brain and their functions. We first considered computational problems related to the discretization of differential equations that govern the studied systems and the synchronous and asynchronous evaluation schemes. Then, we investigated a basic functional level : the transformation of spatial sensory representations into temporal motor actions within the visual-motor system. We focused on the visual flow from the retina to the superior colliculus to propose a minimalist model of automatic encoding of saccades to visual targets. This model, based on simple local rules (CNFT and logarithmic projection) in a homogeneous population and using a sequential processing, reproduces and explains several results of biological experiments. It is then considered as a robust and efficient basic model. Finally, we investigated a more general functional level by proposing a computational model of the basal ganglia motor loop. This model integrates sensory, motor and motivational flows to perform a global decision based on local assessments. We implemented an adaptive process for action selection and context encoding through an innovative mechanism that allows to form the basic circuit for other cortico-basal loops. This mechanism allows to create internal representations according to the enactive approach that opposes the computer metaphor of the brain. Both models have interesting dynamics to study from whether a biological point of view or a computational numerical one
Vidal-Trecan, Gwenaëlle. "Décisions thérapeutiques en endocrinologie : analyse décisionnelle : particularités du raisonnement médical et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1998AIX2667U.pdf.
Full textVergara, Victor. "Modélisation pour la simulation de l'intégration verticale et virtuelle pour la prise de décisions." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421131.
Full textNous partons du constat inverse : une solution pour diminuer les coûts des produits ou des services peut être d'intégrer des activités amont ou aval.
Nous proposons de caractériser et quantifier deux stratégies : intégration " verticale " par rachat et intégration " virtuelle " par développement d'un partenariat fort.
Nous identifions des modèles mathématiques représentatifs de l'intégration, verticale, virtuelle et de Black-Scholes. Ils sont ensuite utilisés comme support de l'analyse de la performance économique. Ces modèles sont résolus de manière analytique et numérique (grâce à un simulateur Matlab). Ils constituent ainsi un outil d'aide à la décision.
Miry, Said. "Contribution à la modélisation globale d'entreprise : décisions et performances dans les systèmes de production." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850435.
Full textMiry, Saïd. "Contribution à la modélisation globale d'entreprise : décisions et performances dans les systèmes de production." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/85/04/35/PDF/1993_Miry_Said.pdf.
Full textUne entreprise industrielle n'est compétitive que si elle offre des produits satisfaisant à diverses exigences qualitatives (qualité, délai de livraison, variété, etc. ) et en même temps à des exigences de coûts. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s'intéressent simultanément à l'aspect production et à l'aspect financier d'une entreprise. Ce travail a deux objectifs principaux. Premièrement, la réalisation d'un modèle de simulation d'entreprises industrielles, SIM'l, dans lequel on modélise un système de production et son environnement. Cette maquette permet de construire une démarche pédagogique liée aux problèmes de l'intégration productique. Le principal apport de la maquette est de montrer l'intérêt d'une gestion conjointe des différentes fonctions d'une entreprise industrielle à savoir les approvisionnements, la comptabilité, le marketing et la production. La simulation détaillée de la production permet de montrer les conséquences des décisions et des aléas de la production sur les Résultats économiques de l'entreprise. Deuxièmement, la hiérarchisation des décisions et l'étude des performances d'une entreprise industrielle. L'application de méthodes d'analyse de données nous a permis de déterminer les niveaux de décision et de dégager les indicateurs les plus représentatifs caractérisant les performances du système à chaque niveau de décision. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'une étude globale d'une entreprise industrielle (modélisation, simulation et évaluation des performances) dans laquelle sont pris en compte des indicateurs économiques peut être menée et peut aider à une bonne gestion à moyen et court terme
Because of their complexity, production systems are usually decomposed according to different hierarchical decision levels. To improve the management of such systems, we focus on the relation between their global profitability measured by economic indicators (cash flow, cost, statement of account,. . . )and their productivity measured by physical indicators (make span, quantities of manufactured products,. . ) in this aim, we have built, in a first step, an industrial enterprise model : SIM'I. This prototype, used actually as a pedagogical tool, shows the usefulness of a simultaneous management of the different functions of an entreprise such as marketing, accounting, purchasing and production. In a second step, we have tested, by simulation, different scenarios of management decisions applied on a production system. These decision concerns planning and scheduling. An approach, using technics of data analysis, has allowed us to determine the hierarchical decisions levels, to show dependent or independent relations between indicators at the same levels, to show dependent or independent relations between economic indicators and physical ones and highlight relations of causality between tested strategies and observed performances
Vergara, Canizales Victor Gabriel. "Modélisation pour la simulation de l'intégration verticale et virtuelle pour la prise de décisions." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2075.
Full textThe current industrial problems of the strategic decision-making of companies in a complex context (globalization, uncertainty of markets and customers' needs, evolution of products, etc. ) are managed through a focus on the core business. Il leads companies to outsource a part of their traditional activities, and to work in more complex supply chains. This initiative is not always supported by quantitative evaluations of the benefits and penalties of such an outsourcing. We observed the inverse report : a solution to decrease the costs of products or services can be to integrate activities. We describe and quantify two strategies : « vertical » integration and « virtual » integration. We identify representative models of the integration : vertical, virtual and Black-Scholes. They are used to mesure the performance of the compagny. These models are solved in a analytical and computational way (thanks to a Matlab simulator)
Tahri, Salima. "Modélisation de l'interaction didactique : un tuteur hybride sur Cabri-géomètre pour l'analyse de décisions didactiques." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344064.
Full textBiard, Thierry. "De la modélisation à l’automatisation des prises de décisions opérationnelles avec une démarche d’Architecture d’Entreprise." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC072/document.
Full textAfter defining the Enterprise Architecture, as a discipline, its context of transformation, and then its main frameworks and methods (the Praxeme method above all), this thesis describes the modeling needs, notably to represent the business processes and the operational decisions.After a state of the art of existing languages and notations for the modeling of business processes, decision-making and business rules, both in the academic world and in the industrial world, the standard languages and notations are presented in detail.This thesis demonstrates the limitations of the languages for modeling business processes to represent operational decision-making.It then evaluates the new DMN language (Decision Model and Notation), proposed by the OMG (Object Management Group) and the main research subject of this thesis, in order to verify that it is a better adapted alternative solution, applying the separation of concerns principle.The resulting DMN model is composed of a diagram and decision tables. The experiments with a demonstrator, implemented in this thesis, show that it is possible to automate the operational decision-making and modeled. Several technical solutions will be detailed and compared in light of the MDA (Model Driven Architecture).Finally, several interesting perspectives of the DMN use are developed into the conclusion
Jeanson, Raphaël. "Dynamique d'agrégation et prises de décisions collectives chez les arthropodes." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30069.
Full textGarnier, Simon. "Décisions collectives dans des systèmes d'intelligence en essaim." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/386/.
Full textThrough an approach mixing ethology and robotics, experiments and simulations, we were interested in two self-organizing mechanisms used by two social insect species to collectively make decisions. Based on behavioural mimicry, these mechanisms most of the time lead individuals belonging to a group to reach a consensus. We studied in particular the influence of the physical structure of the environment on the final choice of the group. Our results shows that an asymmetry in the structure of the environment can be amplified by the underlying self-organizing process and therefore leads the group to select a particular alternative in most of the cases. As a consequence, taking into account the interaction between the behaviour of the group and the structure of the environment is of crucial importance during the study of animal societies and also during the design of artificial self-organized systems
Lima, Iranete. "De la modélisation de connaissances des élèves aux décisions didactiques des professeurs : étude didactique dans le cas de la symétrie orthogonale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00208015.
Full textEn nous appuyant sur la formalisation proposée par le modèle cK¢ de Balacheff au sein la Théorie des Situations Didactiques, nous avons fait le choix d'entrer dans la modélisation des conceptions d'élèves sur la notion de symétrie orthogonale, à partir de l'identification de la structure de contrôle des conceptions. En partant de l'hypothèse que les contrôles rendent compte des critères qui renvoient au choix, à la décision, à l'adéquation et à la validité d'une action, nous avons réalisé une étude théorique de la notion de symétrie orthogonale du point de vue mathématique et didactique afin d'identifier a priori les contrôles susceptibles d'être mobilisés par les élèves dans la résolution de problèmes de construction et de reconnaissance de figures symétriques. Ceci nous a permis de construire un dispositif expérimental pour étudier la prise de décisions didactiques.
Pour réaliser cette étude, nous nous sommes appuyés sur le modèle des niveaux de l'activité des professeurs proposé par Margolinas. Nous avons ainsi pu identifier quelques éléments sur lesquels les professeurs fondent leurs décisions didactiques.
Chapuis, Thierry. "Les problèmes de décisions et le changement global : les leçons de la modélisation en économie de l'énergie." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0091.
Full textOur project was to understand the links between decisions and timing in a context of huge uncertainties. The work focuses on the climate change debate. If standard analyse uses some relevant parameters we have to recognise that those parameters only offer an imperfect representation of the real world and that some key parameters are not taken into account (as for instance technical progress or uncertainties which are usually not often included in models). Even if there are also limited, the tree empirical works developed in this thesis show that the recommendations of chapter one, two and three (the choice of a sequential decision) did not necessarily implies that no decisions at all would be taken. Those three exercises also include some substantive conclusions:. We show that short and middle term flexibility may be quite important if the environmental double dividend is optimally used;. We also show that transitional cost may be huge and implies some economical disappointment if the reductions are not done on time. Our thesis thus confirms some of the conclusion of ipcc 1995. The main one may be expressed in the following way: "the problem is not to define today the best policy for the next century but to choose an policy and to adapt it slowly as knowledge and technical progress increases"
Schaller, Noémie. "Modélisation des décisions d'assolement des agriculteurs et de l'organisation spatiale des cultures dans les territoires de polyculture-élevage." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00781098.
Full textKebair, Fahem. "Modélisation multiagent de postes de commande coordonnateurs de prise de décisions stratégiques : application au système de simulation de RoboCupRescue." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0011.
Full textThe topic of risk prevention and management is a relevant research issue raised by the scientific community currently. Decision support systems represent an appropriate solution to deal with this kind of problem. However, the majority of the systems proposed so far are addressed to particular cases and are not sufficiently adaptable to new subjects of studies, and do not support complex situations sufficiently. Our research work addresses this challenge and focus specifically on the major risks management. In this thesis, we propose a modelling and a structuring of a multiagent decision support system for detecting and managing risks in emergency situations. The system is flexible and partially generic, so it can be adapted and applied to different applications in various domains. To validate our approach, we need to make diverse tests on relatively varied applications. In the framework of this thesis, we choose the RoboCupRescue project as a test bed
Le, Guirriec-Milner Gaëlle. "L'arbitrage autarcie-marché et la modélisation des décisions de production au sein de la famille : une analyse théorique et empirique." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020053.
Full textEs, soufi Widad. "Modélisation et fouille des processus en vue d'assister la prise de décisions dans le contexte de la conception et la supervision des systèmes." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0067/document.
Full textData sets are growing rapidly because of two things. First, the fourth industrial revolution that aims to transform factories into smart entities in which cyber physical systems monitor the physical processes of the factory. Second, the need to innovate in order to achieve and maintain competitiveness. Due to this huge volume of data (Big Data), (i) design and supervision processes are becoming chaotic, (ii) data within organizations is increasingly becoming difficult to exploit and (iii) engineers are increasingly lost when making decisions. Indeed, several issues are identified in industry: (i) when researching, visualizing and exchanging information, (ii) when making decisions and (iii) when managing contextual changes. Through this research work, we propose an Intelligent and modular Decision Support System (IDSS), where each of the four modules solves one of the identified issues. Process modelling and traceability modules aim to model processes and capture how they are actualy executed. The decision support module proposes the process patterns that best fit the decision context, as well as their most significant activity parameters. The contextual change management module continuously updates the decision-making module, in order to handle the dynamic aspect of the decision context. The proposed system is fully verified and half-validated in the context of the Gontrand project, aiming at intelligent and real-time supervision of gas networks favoring the injection of green gas. In order to be fully validated, the performance of the system must be analyzed after integrating and exploitating it in a real industrial environment
Sene, Serigne Kosso. "Du modèle à l’aide à la décision par la modélisation : application à l’irrigation déficitaire des végétaux en ville, contexte France et Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS579.
Full textUrban green space management is constantly evolving, transitioning from mere ornamental elements to ecosystems that provide a wide range of essential services to both humans and the environment. However, these services are not without cost, particularly in terms of water use. In this context, agronomic models, while numerous, do not constitute comprehensive decision support tools for urban green space professionals. To address this challenge, an approach that integrates decision theory and decision modeling has been developed. This approach aims to combine scientific knowledge with context-specific operational constraints. The goal is to provide precise and tailored scenarios for each situation, taking into account operational constraints and stakeholder expectations. A concrete example of this approach is the SARa agronomic model developed in this study, which assesses root activity in trees using tensiometric measurements. This model allows for continuous monitoring of tree establishment after transplantation, offering a proactive rather than reactive view of their survival. SARa parameters are then integrated into a decision support tool for deficit irrigation. In addition to the SARa agronomic model, the study also utilized the TeadXpert model to provide data on several parameters, such as the useful reserve at the roots (RUR). This data was crucial for informing the decision-making process regarding urban green space irrigation. The integration of these models, including SARa and TeadXpert, as well as the approach based on decision theory and decision modeling, constitutes a holistic approach aimed at improving the management of urban green spaces while optimizing water use. Moreover, the use of an ontology was explored to formalize knowledge in the field of deficit irrigation of urban green spaces, facilitating communication among stakeholders in the field. This study highlights the importance of integrating complex system models and operational constraint data in the development of decision support tools for urban green space professionals. This enables the consideration of operational realities while harnessing scientific advancements for more efficient and sustainable management of vegetation in urban environments
Baudry, Mirna. "Apports de la théorie de l'utilité et de la logique floue dans la modélisation de la prise de décisions appliqués au domaine du traitement des images." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4023.
Full textIn this paper we want to apply utility theory concepts in a model of decision tree under uncertainty for contour extraction and noise reduction in the image processing. We do not hope to create a new method for contour extraction and noise reduction ; there are many known contour extraction and noise reduction filters doing it. Nevertheless actually no one gives us a completely satisfactory result, because the filters in general do not work for all kind contour and noise and many different noises are present in the image. So we apply to different filters for contour extraction like Sobel and for the noises concerned by reduction filters as median filter for the impulse noise and mean filter for the gaussian noise. Our goal is to improve the performances for contour extraction and reduction noise filters in grey level images and to use expected utility concept to make a choice for the best contour and noise reduction
Morales-Grosskopf, Hermes. "L'évaluation des conséquences de décisions stratégiques en élevage extensif en Uruguay. Une approche par les systèmes multi-agents." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00606388.
Full textKilani, Meriam. "Multiple product-project decisions coordination support : application to oil and gas development projects." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST027.
Full textThe major challenge addressed in this research concerns the coordination of the multiple interdependent decisions that must be made during the project, either technical, financial, or contractual. Interdependence means that making one decision without considering the impacts for other decisions may imply some underperformance, or even dead ends, iterations, and rework.To overcome this challenge, a more adaptable multi-decision-making process has been proposed, consisting of three blocks: 1/ modeling the decision network and formulating the multi-decision problem; 2/ structuring the problem to propose relevant and plausible scenarios assembled from elementary decision alternatives; 3/ solving the problem by selecting and recommending scenarios.Building the multi-decision-making process is based on multiple possibilities for each block. The decision-maker selects from a set of possible choices to adapt the decision-making process to the precise context.For block #1, we have first articulated the need to build a global decision network that models the decisions under study and the interdependencies they may have with other decisions. We have then argued that graphs and matrices can be used to fulfill this need. Both methods allow to include all decisions and interdependencies of the decision network in one single model, each of them having its advantages and drawbacks, with a kind of complementarity.Then, to formulate the local multi-decision problem, two interactions-based clustering approaches are proposed: the top-down approach (considering decision interdependencies) and the bottom-up approach (with an additional due date-based grouping of decisions). Both help to delineate the focus of decision makers on a specific set of decisions, since considering the whole network of decisions at the same time can be challenging.In block #2, to structure the problem, two matrix-based and one graph-based methods have been proposed. These methods offer the possibility to generate possible scenarios considering compatibility and performance criteria, either sequentially (morphological analysis), simultaneously (QFD), or with a hybrid way (graph exploration). For the two matrix-based methods, an algorithm was proposed to facilitate the identification of plausible scenarios. As for the graph-based method, a lighter heuristic can be applied on live during a decision meeting.Finally, to solve the problem in block #3, several MCDA methods have been listed for evaluating and selecting a recommended scenario: absolute compensatory methods, relative pairwise comparison methods, and relative comparison to reference point methods.According to industrial actors, such a process could improve coordination mechanisms between the major decisions of their projects. Even though decisions were interdependent, they were not often considered as such, and our proposed process permits (according to them) to have a better vision of the decisions to be made together and of the consequences of the choices. A fictitious case study, inspired by real past projects, was used to illustrate the proposed multi-decision coordination process.We are convinced that our research will provide a solid basis for further studies on the coordination of multiple interdependent decisions in complex projects, although there are academic and industrial perspectives that need to be tackled
Martin, Laura. "Modéliser l'insertion territoriale du Miscanthus x giganteus à partir des décisions des agriculteurs : une approche exploitant le modèle du raisonnement à partir de cas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0225/document.
Full textMiscanthus x giganteus is the perennial crop, newly produced in Europe. Even if miscanthus is not so heavily produced nowadays, this crop would be of great interest for energy use. However, the allocation of miscanthus could produce a sustainable reorganization of the landscape. Therefore, many studies aim to model the land use change caused by miscanthus, in order to identify sustainable supply areas: our research belongs to this field. In our research, we propose a new framework for modeling decision-making process of farmers, relying on scaling out. More accurately, we propose to use the case-based reasoning model which solves problems based on an analogical reasoning. Then our research is structured: (i) by a knowledge acquisition step about decision-making process of farmers, based on farm surveys, conducted in the Côte d'Or department (Burgundy region) and (ii) by the design and evaluation of an ad hoc prototype of case-based reasoning. On the one hand, results of knowledge acquisition phase show that miscanthus allocation process is complex, more accurately, that miscanthus allocation process is closely related to land constraints, particularly in terms of logistic and environmental preservation of plots. These results lead us to discuss the selection of biophysical and human variables included to the current spatially explicit models. On the other hand, the design and evaluation phase of our prototype shows that case-based reasoning is particularly well suited to model a contextual phenomenon. These results lead us to discuss the modalities for implementing the prototype in other production areas of miscanthus
Nguyên, Tri Long. "Inférence causale, modélisation prédictive et décision médicale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT028.
Full textMedical decision-making is defined by the choice of treatment of illness, which attempts to maximize the healthcare benefit, given a probable outcome. The choice of a treatment must be therefore based on a scientific evidence. It refers to a problem of estimating the treatment effect. In a first part, we present, discuss and propose causal inference methods for estimating the treatment effect using experimental or observational designs. However, the evidences provided by these approaches are established at the population level, not at the individual level. Foreknowing the patient’s probability of outcome is essential for adapting a clinical decision. In a second part, we present the approach of predictive modeling, which provided a leap forward in personalized medicine. Predictive models give the patient’s prognosis at baseline and then let the clinician decide on treatment. This approach is therefore limited, as the choice of treatment is still based on evidences stated at the overall population level. In a third part, we propose an original method for estimating the individual treatment effect, by combining causal inference and predictive modeling. Whether a treatment is foreseen, our approach allows the clinician to foreknow and compare both the patient’s prognosis without treatment and the patient’s prognosis with treatment. Within this thesis, we present a series of eight articles
Benslimane, Adda. "Modélisation du risque et analyses de la décision." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32031.
Full textOur work presents a critical analysis of the expected utility model, that constitutes the "stumbling block" of individual choice in the case of uncertain future. M. Allais (and others after him) shows the incapacity of the model to be adapted to different kinds of situations according to the structure of the preference and to the attitudes towards risk. But the choice of a satisfying decision can not be made without a reference to the key concepts of organization and information, which carry with them an improvement in the processing of uncertainty and consequently a rationalization of choice
Depickere, Stéphanie. "Etude des dynamiques et des mécanismes de l'agrégation dans les sociétés de fourmis en particulier chez Lasius niger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211287.
Full textDoctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnel dans la prise de décision." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696675.
Full textMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnels dans la prise de décision." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0018.
Full textEmotion is inseparable from cognitive processes and therefore plays a major role in decision making. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important in today's scientific research. The aim of this thesis is to show the advantages of an emotional approach, and to prove that in certain cases computer models equipped with artificial emotions prove to be more efficient than their purely cognitive equivalents. Based on this observation, two emotional models were realised from different study perspectives. They underline the impact of the addition of an emotional dimension in the elaboration of a fast, adaptive and efficient decision. The first developed model uses a graph for strategies representation in order to solve a ten-year-old pupil mathematics exercise called the "Cascades problem". Emotion is represented there as weighting values in the graph edges dynamically managed by an ant algorithm. The tests carried out on two versions, one emotional and the other one fully cognitive, show that the use of an emotional model produces a more efficient and adaptive solving. In addition, a second model named "GAEA" aims at simulating a robot equipped with sensors and effectors and thrown into a prey-predators environment inside which it must survive. Its behaviour is determined by its internal program that evolves thanks to a linear genetic program algorithm manipulating a population of program individuals. Results are promising and indicate that the population produces individuals whose behaviour is more and more adapted, and whose internal activity is analogous to the emergence of relevant emotional reactions
Hammami, Abdelkader. "Modélisation technico-économique d'une chaine logistique dans une entreprise réseau." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/79/79/18/PDF/2003_Hammami_Abdelkader.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the study of the problem of designing and controlling a logistic chain in a network of firms. It specifically examines the case of a co-operative network where all the partners enjoy the same privileges. A decision aid procedure based on the concepts of multicriterion optimization was proposed. It takes into account the inherent problems of networks of firms. This procedure consists in distributing the activities to the members of the network. It ensures the satisfaction of short-term objectives such as performance improvement and supports long-term objectives, particularly the promotion of competences within the network. The procedure integrates stochastic aspect which can affect the total performance of the network. Concepts of reliability are used to integrate this aspect. The thesis led to contributions for designing and managing co-operative networks. These contributions support better competitiveness for the network and the partners who constitute it
Borges, Filipe Alexandre. "Théorie et modélisation de la décision de justice : l'exemple du juge judiciaire." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020012.
Full textDuvallet, Claude. "Des systèmes d'aide à la décision temps réel et distribués : modélisation par agents." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005194.
Full textDiab, Hassan. "Modélisation et optimisation de structures flottantes pour l'aide à la décision d'aménagement portuaire." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0022/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to add a contribution in the field of modeling of the behavior of floating breakwaters, in order to optimize the positioning and sizing of these structures. It is aimed to participate in the definition of the decision making techniques in harbor development intended to the protection of installations. A new model for the behavior of floating breakwaters is proposed. This simple and efficient behavior model combines two models: The first is an extended and improved Berkhoff model that takes into account the effects of bed friction, highly variable bathymetry and wave breaking so that the propagation of waves in the horizontal plane of harbor is evaluated. The second model describes the hydrodynamic behavior of a floating breakwater in the vertical plane of its cross section. A parametric study is used to globally validate the new model, after which a specific optimization approach based on a multi criteria formulation of the optimization problem is proposed. Meta-modeling techniques and stochastic algorithm are together employed to speed up the calculations. The obtained Pareto front allows, for a given harbor, to determine the maximum absorption capacity of waves and the dimensions of the smallest breakwater
Cathala, Fabienne. "Modélisation de scénarios pour l'aide à la décision : Application au vieillissement des barrages." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22026.
Full textMoretti, Basiliu. "Modélisation du comportement des feux de forêt pour des outils d’aide à la décision." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0007/document.
Full textModeling the spread of forest fires is a complex affair which can be examined in different ways (physical, semi-physical, empirical). Numerous simulators exist, each one bearing its own particularities, benefits and weak points. The work which has led to the writing of this thesis aims at improving the simplified physical model of fire propagation (Balbi et al, 2007), as well as at laying down the first foundation stones of what will favor an evolution towards a fire behavioral pattern. This study is based upon three main themes :• Modeling the spread of a surface fire with the main engine the radiative heat transfer. This modeling leads to achieve improvements in the formulation of its speed on flat ground, without wind. It finally led to the characterization of two criteria of extinction with characterization of critical values of two parameters (leaf area index and the water content of the fuel).• Quantification of the energy radiating from the flame front. This quantification was performed assuming the solid flame model. This approach has led to obtaining an analytical relationship for the evaluation of Admissible Safety Distance (ASD) in a very short time. • Sensitivity analysis of the different results attained in order to confirm them as a whole and identify the relative influence of various parameters
Lebraty, Jean Fabrice. "Nouvelles technologies de l'information et processus de prise de décision : modélisation, identification et interprétation." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0021.
Full textThe aim of this research is to give a response to the impact of decision support new information technologies on an individual semi-structured decision process. We work on four hypotheses : H1. There is an impact of new information technologies on decision process. H2. Organization can be seen as a filter of the impact of new information technologies. H3. The study of the impact of new information technologies on decision process leads to a double perception : the conception and management level and the user and operational level H4. Rationality criterion can explain the impact of new information technologies on a decision process. Using a model and with a double approach, analytic and experimental (in a banking environment) we give an interpretation of these impact relations using a procedural rationality criterion. At least we demonstrate the potentiality of these technologies in the improvement of decision process rationality
Dollet, Cyrielle. "URBASIS-Décision - Modélisation des conséquences socio-économiques et juridiques d'un séisme à l'échelle urbaine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALU002.
Full textAmongst the natural hazards that cause disasters, earthquakes are certainly the most devastating and unpredictable, even though they are the least frequent. In a context of growing urbanization, the economic and human losses generated by earthquakes have increased considerably, and as a result, liability represents a significant risk for local communities. This thesis aims to develop models of post-earthquake social, economic and legal losses. This will help to improve the understanding of public policies relating to seismic risk in order to deploy a better adapted natural risk prevention policy. To this purpose, we focused on moderate-to-low seismic hazard regions. The thesis work is divided into three parts: 1° definition of the decision-making variables on which a natural risk prevention policy is based; 2°proposals for improving the modelling of seismic losses; 3°introduce a new legal model quantifying the risk of administrative liability.The first approach consists in defining the decision-making variables on which seismic risk players can base their prevention policies thanks to a survey that was carried out from 2017-2018. The conclusions highlighted the need for elected officials to imagine the social and economic consequences of an earthquake on their territory and their plausible commitment of responsibility.This information allowed us to better adapt the models for predicting seismic losses according to the needs of the decision-making actors. In this second part on seismology, we focus on the exposure variables needed to modelize seismic losses. Thanks to the creation of a database of seismic consequences and the ground motion footprint provided by the USG ShakeMaps, we developed models estimating the exposed population and the exposed GDP at the date of the earthquake. Then, models estimating socio-economic losses were produced by considering the losses in relation to the exposed population and the exposed GDP, based on hazard and exposure variables. This allowed us to develop a synthetic database of global seismic losses contributing to improve seismic risk modelling. Our results contribute to the continuous improvement of the natural hazard prevention policy and to the mitigation of seismic risk.The latest natural disasters have highlighted a more pronounced judiciarization of public persons (L'Aquila,2009 ; Xynthia, (2010). In this last part, we are interested in public persons. Rules of law exist and make it possible to seek the persons responsible for the damage or participating in its realization. The quality approach, introduced in local authorities, is adapted to meet the expectations of elected representatives by building a model for quantifying the legal consequences of earthquakes, taking into account the invariant decision-making elements on which the judge relies. The model estimates the likelihood of elected officials taking responsibility on the basis of two components: the quantification of social and economic consequences (definition of the damage) and the maturity of the means of prevention put in place (definition of the causal link). Thus, liability is likely to be incurred only in the presence of damage and if a causal link between the event (earthquake) and the damage exists. It is in this original and new logic that seismology and administrative law are articulated to qualify and quantify the impact of the implementation of means of prevention and protection targeted at seismic risk.Finally, thanks to this process of estimating overall losses (social, economic and legal), it is up to public decision-makers and local authorities to prescribe the measures necessary to reduce the vulnerability of their territory to seismic hazard, while taking into account the local context (political, strategic and financial)
Millier, Aurélie. "Contribution méthodologique et aide à la décision pour l’évaluation des interventions de la schizophrénie." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE3001.
Full textSchizophrenia is the most widespread adult psychosis, with a prevalence of about 1%. This chronic disease is associated to a heavy burden in terms of quality of life of patients and caregivers, as well as in terms of societal costs. Antipsychotics are the reference treatment, allowing patients to have a better control of their symptoms. Nevertheless some patients are not completely compliant with their treatment because of side effects, or lack of efficacy. Introduction of new antipsychotics on the market with less side effects, or better targeting subgroups of patients would increase patients’ compliance. Consequences, in terms of relapse or costs avoided in particular, can be assessed in the context of pharmacoeconomic evaluation. The objective of this report is to contribute to methodological knowledge on one side, and to present a new decision-making tool on another side, for evaluation of new antipsychotics indicated in schizophrenia. After a presentation of schizophrenia, the first section of this report presents results of literature reviews conducted on economic and humanistic burden of the disease. The second section presents results of several statistical analyses, using data from a European cohort. The third and last section presents the role of economic evaluation and suggests a design for a microsimulation model, to assess cost-effectiveness of new antipsychotics. This model is based on the premise that the aim of treatment is to prevent relapses, which affect the patient quality of life and generate substantial costs. The probability of relapse is dependent upon treatment and compliance, which is expected to be improved with new antipsychotics. Treatments are also differentiated in terms of side-effects and cardiovascular complications. A discussion focusing on limits of this model concludes this report
Laleye, Frejus Adissa Akintola. "Contributions à l'étude et à la reconnaissance automatique de la parole en Fongbe." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0452/document.
Full textOne of the difficulties of an unresourced language is the lack of technology services in the speech and text processing. In this thesis, we faced the problematic of an acoustical study of the isolated and continous speech in Fongbe as part of the speech recognition. Tonal complexity of the oral and the recent agreement of writing the Fongbe led us to study the Fongbe throughout the chain of an automatic speech recognition. In addition to the collected linguistic resources (vocabularies, large text and speech corpus, pronunciation dictionaries) for building the algorithms, we proposed a complete recipe of algorithms (including algorithms of classification and recognition of isolated phonemes and segmentation of continuous speech into syllable), based on an acoustic study of the different sounds, for Fongbe automatic processing. In this manuscript, we also presented a methodology for developing acoustic models and language models to facilitate speech recognition in Fongbe. In this study, it was proposed and evaluated an acoustic modeling based on grapheme (since the Fongbe don't have phonetic dictionary) and also the impact of tonal pronunciation on the performance of a Fongbe ASR system. Finally, the written and oral resources collected for Fongbe and experimental results obtained for each aspect of an ASR chain in Fongbe validate the potential of the methods and algorithms that we proposed
Stal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Etude des dysfonctionnements dans la prise de décision. Application au choix d'acteur." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00318669.
Full textNous proposons un premier modèle : la DTL ou Decision Time Line. La DTL représente toute décision comme un processus de prise de décision, qui suit une ligne de vie. L'enchaînement d'un certain nombre d'étapes peut se dérouler dans des ordres différents à partir d'une question posée jusqu'à la transmission de la réponse à l'interlocuteur.
Un deuxième modèle permet de représenter et de quantifier l'impact des dysfonctionnements dans le processus de décision. Un espace de représentation des dysfonctionnements, au sein de la DTL, est proposé. Il s'agit de décomposer tout dysfonctionnement en dysfonctionnements élémentaires, d'identifier les étapes de la DTL ayant généré les dysfonctionnements et de mesurer les écarts induits. Nous considérons, ici, la décision de façon globale et la modélisation proposée est applicable à tout type de prise de décision.
L'étude des dysfonctionnements dans les processus de prise de décision se concrétise, ensuite, par une application au choix d'acteur et par une présentation des outils développés pour faciliter ce type particulier de décision. Ces outils sont regroupés sous le nom de SACADO : Système d'Aide au Choix d'Acteur et aux Décisions d'Organisation. SACADO propose un processus cible à suivre pour réduire les risques de dysfonctionnements. Cette méthode permet également, pour un dysfonctionnement donné, d'en analyser les causes potentielles et d'en déduire des préconisations. Enfin, les dysfonctionnements analysés par SACADO alimentent l'analyse globale de l'organisation d'une entreprise.
Finalement, une application industrielle au sein de deux sites du groupe Vallourec a permis une première validation de la méthode mise au point. Elle a permis de confirmer que SACADO répond à un réel besoin industriel.
Yavari, Mohammad Ebrahim. "Modélisation économique de la gestion des ordures ménagères." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0015.
Full textThe new relative French legislation of wastes bas important repercussion on urban management and the public and private service development those are associated there. The system Wastes" placed under the local collectivity responsibility is complex. The multiple collection and processing scenarios can be envisaged. The recourse to the classic economic theory of the market does not allow determining the best choice among these last. The presented solution leans on a model of assistance with the decision. This model is represented by a linear programming model whose flows of the different collect or the different processes’ are variables. It has bad remained from data collected on the Great Lyon. Results obtained on the atone criterion of cost - benefit are not always compatible with political or legislative directives. The model proposed to two modules: a current behavior analysis of the Urban Community of Lyon and an analysis of optimization cost- benefit (economic) elements of costs and benefits are constitutive elements of the model. Results of the first model confirm that the Urban Community of Lyon respects the law in first time. But, the important in this decision is that this behavior is not far from the economic logic. The second model, explains that to optimize management CO URL Y has to eliminate the process n° 4. That’s to say multi materials collecting in container. The model sensitivity Study proposes us important and possible changes concerning to equipment and resources to improve the economic situation of this management
Hegarty, Garrett John. "Modélisation des activités et des retours d’expérience dans les organisations." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066091.
Full textUsing the Contextual-Graphs (CxG) representation formalism to represent the practices of an activity and the evolution of practices over time opens a new path to selecting key performance indicators and measuring practice-based organizational learning. This thesis presents four new tools that support the extension of CxG to practice-based organizational learning and performance improvement: viz. , the aspectual comparison of practices, a practice-based organizational learning novelty typology, a practice maturity model, and a relevance-maturity matrix. Together these tools operationalize the construct of practice maturity as a guide for researchers and practitioners in understanding and improving practice-based activity management. Results are presented of an interpretive case study that used this new approach to practice-based organizational learning and performance improvement to investigate the activity of light rail route selection in a transport planning organization
Sarac, Aysegul. "Modélisation et aide à la décision pour l'introduction des technologies RFID dans les chaînes logistiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541012.
Full textKabachi, Nadia. "Modélisation et Apprentissage de la Prise de Décision dans les Organisations Productives: Approche Multi-Agents." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822831.
Full textFrämling, Kary. "Modélisation et apprentissage des préférences par réseaux de neurones pour l'aide à la décision multicritère." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825854.
Full textVautard, Jérémie. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes de décision et d'optimisation hiérarchiques en utilisant des contraintes quantifiées." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486721.
Full textBègue, Jean-Michel. "Modélisation de fonctions d'aide à la décision pour le contrôle et l'évolution des systèmes d'information." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4069.
Full textFranchini, Lionel. "Aide à la décision pour la gestion des opérateurs en production : modélisation, planification et évaluation." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT012G.
Full textVerardo, Elicia. "Procédés de traitement biologiques in situ : la modélisation numérique comme outil d'aide à la décision." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30013/document.
Full textIn-situ bioremediation is a commonly used remediation technology to clean up the subsurface of petroleum-contaminated sites. Although demonstrating the relevance of this type of treatment is an essential prerequisite for each site where it is implemented, the effectiveness of the treatment depends on its implementation conditions in the site-specific context. The monitoring and control of different processes that govern biodegradation phenomena is complex, and optimization is a key element of successful treatment both technically and economically. The general approach of the thesis is the development of a methodology for using modelling in a management approach (as defined in the French regulatory text) of petroleum-contaminated site treated by in situ biodegradation. The work focuses on the use of modelling as a tool for understanding mechanisms and for decision support at every stage of treatment: • System design: defining the best possible option.• Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment: process optimization.• Prediction and justification of stopping treatment: analysis of the uncertainty on the treatment result. Data from two study sites are used to define the modelling methodology. At each stage of the bio-remediation project (design, conception, monitoring and optimization) may be associated a modelling stage that will be more or less sophisticated depending on accuracy requirements. The first tool developed involved predictive uncertainty analysis, which is crucial when modelling is used as a decision support tool, and can be used at the design process step or for predicting the effectiveness of treatment. The process of in-situ bioremediation involves complex and uncertain relationships among biomass, contaminants and appropriate control actions. Forecasting remedial performance (in terms of flux and mass reduction) is a challenge due to uncertainties associated with (i) the medium and source properties and (ii) the efficiency of concentration reducing mechanisms. Parametric uncertainty contributions involved in forecasting treatment performance is carried out with the “Null-Space Monte Carlo” (NSMC) method implemented in the PEST tool. The second tool relates design and / or monitoring optimization of the bio-treatment method. In this context, two purposes can be considered: the reduction of contaminants flux or mass in the source zone. The tool used is a mathematical optimization algorithm called "Particle Swarm Optimization" (PSO). The choice of the objective function to be optimized is particularly important and appears to be related to hydrogeochemical site-specific behavior. This study showed that the NSMC and PSO methods are suitable tools for an efficient use reactive transport models in environmental management. The computation time of these highly parameterized and nonlinear models still limit the use of modelling as a decision support tool. Despite these limitations, the proposed approach for managing the bioremediation in-situ groundwater on actual site can be effective to provide support in managing the treatment of pollution, extending the field of application of numerical modelling. This approach also allows to highlight difficulties due to site-specific behavior or to the treatment technique applied, and to inform decision support managers in consequence
Stal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Full textBacus-Montfort, Isabelle. "Modélisation du choix de partenaire dans les coopérations entre PMI." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090028.
Full textFew researches have focused on the partner's choice for an alliance. It is however a key decision for the project success and it constitutes a major concern for firms which have received little preparation for it. This research aims at building a decision aid model for the partner's choice. This required a detailed literature analysis supplemented by two series of interviews among small company general managers, selected as experts. The research thus contributes to complete the knowledge on this decision process as experienced by firms. Partly using the analytic hierarchy process developed by Saaty (1977), the model helps integrate subjective judgements. A specific validation plan was designed in relation to those used for expert systems. It includes the model direct testing by experts on a scenario built from a real-world situation. In addition, a postal questionnaire measures the experts' satisfaction. The results show that the use of the model encourages the manager to conduct a deeper thinking and an additional information search. It allows more precise and fairer decision-making, for the partner's choice relies on systematic judgement bases. At last, a large number of simulations can be made, using various weights for the choice criteria
Stal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Etude des dysfonctionnements dans la prise de décision : application au choix d'acteur." Phd thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00318669.
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