Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation de la croissance urbaine'
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Nguyen, Thi Thuy Nga. "Modélisation de la croissance des villes." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2004.
Full textIn this thesis we propose and test models that describe the growth and morphology of cities. The first of these models is used from previously developed correlated gradient percolation model. The second model is related to a stochastic differential equation and has never been proposed before. Both models are parameterizable. The parameters we chose in applications are well justified by physical observations: proximily to axes and accessibility of sites. The result is consistent with actual data. We also study the gradient percolation as a mathematical object. We prove, following Nolin’s ideas, that the front of gradient percolation cluster is localised in a neighborhood of the critical curve with width and length depending on density gradient. Finally, we also study SLE growth processes. We calculate (computer assisted demonstration) the expected value of square of moduli for SLE2 and SLE6 related to the Bieberbach conjecture
Viguié, Vincent. "Modélisation des dynamiques urbaines : application à l’analyse économique du changement climatique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1049/document.
Full textBecause they are home to more than half of the world population, and because most of the world economic activity takes place within them, cities are at the forefront of global environmental issues. Land use planning, urban transport and housing policies are now recognized as major tools for the reduction of both greenhouse gases emissions and vulnerability to climate change impacts. So far, however, how to use these tools efficiently remains unclear. At least three main difficulties explain this, and play a key role in urban climate policies analysis. First, urban climate policies are also not developed or implemented in a vacuum; they interact with other policy goals, such as economic competitiveness or social issues, giving rise to both synergies and conflicts. Second, inertia is a key factor when designing optimal climate policies : structural modifications in cities occur slowly over a long time horizon. Some immediate actions are required if cities are to be adapted to a different climate or to help reduce greenhouse gases emissions within a few decades. Third, the evolution of a city depends on several external factors, on which local policy-makers do not generally have much influence : demographic, socio-economic, cultural, political and technological changes will play a major role. This uncertainty has to be taken into account, and climate policies have to be robust against future possible global evolutions is important. These three difficulties are not, however, impossible to overcome, and we will illustrate how integrated city modelling can help address these issues
Favaro, Jean-Marc. "Croissance urbaine et cycles d'innovation dans les systèmes de villes : une modélisation par les interactions spatiales." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010685.
Full textCabral, Pedro. "Étude de la croissance urbaine par la télédétection, SIG et modélisation : le cas des Concelhos de Sintra et Cascais (Portugal)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0138.
Full textThis thesis is a study in remote sensing, GIS and modeling using a planning perspective. The main objective is to understand urban phenomena by responding to the following questions: where, when, how much and in what way did urban growth occur in the Concelhos of Sintra and Cascais (Portugal) between 1989 and 2001. We start by comparing several image satellite classification methods to establish the most adequate for the study area. The introduction of an intermediate year and the application of change detection techniques will enable us to describe the urban dynamics. Finally, modeling will allow us to retrieve information about « how » did urban growth occur, and will occur until 2025, using scenarios of different environmental policies
Antoni, Jean-Philippe. "Modélisation de la dynamique de l'étalement urbain : Aspects conceptuels et gestionnaires.Application à Belfort." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/ANTONI_Jean-Philippe_2003.pdf.
Full textSchmitt, Clara. "Modélisation de la dynamique des systèmes de peuplement : de SimpopLocal à SimpopNet." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010511/document.
Full textIs urban growth the result of multiple interactions between cities ? Urban evolutionary theory (Pu main, 2000), based on this postulate, analyses urban growth processes. This thesis, undertaken in an inter-disciplinary context, aims to evaluate the validity of the hypothesis by means of computer simulation. Strong regularities of the urban systems dynamics are extracted from the accumulated scientific knowledge and synthetized into ten major stylized facts. Two simulation models, SimpopLocal and SimpopNet, are then built, documented - thanks to a standardized grid - and systematically explored. They each question a specific aspect of the urban evolutionary theory : the nature of the inter-urban interactions for the first model (i.e. competition for innovation) and their support for the second model (i.e. the role of the communication network structure). The evaluation of the two models required the design and the implementation of two original exploration protocols : an automated calibration method and a sensibility analysis protocol (the Exploration Profile algorithm) which individually evaluates the contribution of each implemented mechanism to the simulated behavior. These two forms of exploration systematically confront the simulation results with current scientific knowledge. They indicate that the two models are able to account for key processes of urban systems dynamics, such as their hierarchical organization, and demonstrate for the first time the need for interurban interaction mechanisms in order to simulate urban evolutions that are close to those observed on real urban systems
Enault, Cyril. "Vitesse, accessibilité et étalement urbain ; analyse et application à l'aire urbaine dijonnaise." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006172.
Full textVan, Den Steen Isabelle. "Cartographie, évolution et modélisation de l'utilisation du sol en milieu urbain: le cas de Bruxelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211009.
Full textTout d'abord, nous avons exploré l'apport des nouvelles techniques d'interprétation numérique à l'élaboration de cartes d'utilisation du sol à moyenne échelle (1:100 000) à partir d'images satellitaires. L'analyse des différentes étapes du processus de classification a montré que, lors de l'utilisation de classifications supervisées, la localisation et l'échantillonnage aléatoire des sites d'entraînement ainsi que la combinaison des caractéristiques des paramètres de classification (informations spectrales, texturales et contextuelles) améliorent considérablement l'exactitude du résultat. On constate également, dans ce dernier cas, l'importance de travailler avec une forme de voisinage isotrope et de pouvoir en faire varier la taille en fonction des classes considérées. L'utilisation de classificateurs multiples a permis de tendre vers une plus grande généralisation et de supprimer une série d'artefacts. Enfin, les essais ont montré que la classification par segmentation se rapproche fortement de la généralisation de l'interprétation visuelle tout en diminuant sensiblement le nombre d'objets à classer.
Dans un second temps, une analyse approfondie de la structure et de l’évolution de l’utilisation du sol à Bruxelles et dans sa périphérie au cours du dernier demi-siècle a été réalisée à partir d'une base de données diachronique à grande échelle (1:25 000). Elle confirme la vision d'une périphérie bruxelloise peu dense où le poids de la classe de tissu urbain résidentiel clairsemé discontinu s'intensifie au cours du temps. Les espaces privilégiés de l'urbanisation ont été identifiés de manière systématique à l'aide de canevas d'analyse radio-concentriques et directionnels. Le croisement entre les données d'utilisation du sol et d'autres indicateurs spatialisables comme les plans de secteur a montré les marges d'évolution potentielles, tant au moment de la mise en place de ces plans que plus récemment. D'autres combinaisons avec des statistiques socio-économiques ou démographiques ont fourni de nouveaux indicateurs permettant d'explorer les densités de l'occupation de l'espace périurbain et de s'interroger sur les discordances entre réalité physique et enregistrement statistique. Enfin, l'arrangement spatial des différentes classes d'utilisation du sol a été exploré. L'ensemble de ces analyses ont fait l'objet d'une synthèse thématique ainsi que régionale, au sein de compartiments paysagers.
La dernière approche de la problématique de l'utilisation du sol en milieu urbain s'est faite au travers d'une démarche basée sur la modélisation spatiale. La calibration des relations de voisinage à l'aide des règles d'autocorrélation spatiale a démontré que les affinités entre classes décrivent bien la structuration de l'agglomération bruxelloise et traduit le renforcement des structures héritées. L'analyse des résidus de la modélisation a montré le rôle contraignant de l'introduction des plans de secteur pour la classe du tissu urbain résidentiel clairsemé discontinu, laissant beaucoup plus de place qu'attendu dans les parties sud de la zone d'étude. La modélisation dynamique a aussi clairement mis en évidence le changement de logique de localisation de l'industrie et des services, qui rompent avec leurs localisations traditionnelles au cours de la période étudiée.
En conclusion, la thèse a permis de confirmer les atouts d'une approche sous l'angle de l'utilisation du sol pour appréhender le phénomène de périurbanisation. Elle montre aussi le rôle unificateur de cette approche, qui peut s'insérer aisément dans les études thématiques ou susciter des questionnements nouveaux du fait des avancées apportées par le caractère quantitatif des exploitations régionales. Enfin, des outils communs et des enrichissements mutuels, acquis ou potentiels, sont identifiés entre les différents champs de la discipline (télédétection, géographie urbaine, modélisation spatiale) mobilisés pour cette exploration de la production, de l'analyse et de la modélisation des données d'utilisation du sol.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géographie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kamps, Stephan. "Dual-agent simulation model of the residential development process : an institutional approach to explaining the spatial patterns of residential developments in France, England and the Netherlands." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005716.
Full textGarnier, Denis. "Les migrations urbaines de travail : une approche bioculturelle de leur impact dans le temps sur la maturation pubertaire, l'état nutritionnel et la croissance d'adolescentes sénégalaises." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066131.
Full textFrifra, Ayyoub. "Assessing and predicting extreme events in Western France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU2012.
Full textCoastal regions are increasingly exposed to extreme events due to the combined impacts of climate change and urbanization. This thesis examines coastal hazards along France’s western coast, emphasizing storm prediction and the simulation of future vulnerability to coastal urban floodind. The research employs machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches to improve hazard prediction and assess potential future risks. It introduces a novel methodology that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to forecast storm features and occurrences along the western coast of France. Additionally, an urban development modeling system was applied to predict future expansion scenarios in the Vendée region, analyzing potential flood susceptibility under each scenario. An Artificial Neural Network combined with a Markov Chain was utilized to simulate three future urban growth scenarios; business-as-usual, environmental protection, and strategic urban planning. High-risk flood zones and future sea level rise estimates were then used to assess future flood risk under each growth scenario. The research findings demonstrate the efficiency of LSTM and XGBoost in predicting storm characteristics and occurrences. Moreover, the urban growth modeling approach forecasts future development sites and specific urban areas vulnerable to flooding, allowing for the evaluation of the impact of various development trajectories on future flood risk. This thesis contributes to coastal hazard prediction, urban planning, and risk management, providing useful tools for improving resilience and sustainability in coastal zones
Judge, Valentine. "Apport de l’apprentissage automatique pour la modélisation et l’analyse des changements d’occupation du sol : application au développement urbain de la zone frontalière franco-allemande." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC011.
Full textUrban development can take different forms or features, depending on its geographical location and its socio-economic, political and cultural context. Nevertheless, the overall action relies on one fundamental principle: building construction in order to give people housing. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine whether an underlying universal aspect of the urban development process can be distinguished from a specific one, being the reflect of local specificities. Specifically, this research analyzes the land use change on the French-German cross-border area. Indeed, the border context enhances the difference within this territory. Nonetheless, the internal European border importance as a separation is getting lower while European Union agreement and cooperation are getting stronger. Consequently, we tend to question a potential homogeneity of such area according the urban development analysis. To gain a better understanding of the urban development in the French-German cross-border area, a specific method using a decision tree (DT) process to generate and calibrate urban transition rules for cellular automata (CA) has been developed. In order to define CA rules, the learning algorithm is provided with data of land use, from 1990 and 2006, accessibility to the main urban area and country location. The findings demonstrate that the rule set identified rules, which are constrained at different levels: from the initial land use state needed for urbanization to the geographical location in a specific country. The analysis therefore shows rules specific to France or Germany, as well as rules free from any state location constraints, which characterize a cross-border urbanization process. The latter is more influenced by the location toward main urban areas. Proper neighborhood and internal characteristic of urbanized cells depending of the nature of the rule (French, German or Cross-border) are explicitly defined. In conclusion, this research contribution can be summarized according to the following three orientations: (1) from a theoretical point of view, which propose to identify urban processes degree of universality, (2) from a thematic outlook, describing the influence of the urban development process location on the border area, (3) from a methodological point of view, pairing DT and AC to automatically design and calibrate the urban development model used in this research work
Cottineau, Clémentine. "L'évolution des villes dans l'espace post-soviétique : observation et modélisations." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010593/document.
Full textThe Russian and Soviet urbanisation process happened late and fast, compared to other territories. Many new towns and cities were created by the Soviet regime that officially promoted discourses about the socialist function of the city, rational organisation of space and a planned management of the economy. These urban particularities and the multiple demographic and political events of the 20th century have made cities in the post-Soviet space an interesting case and raised question regarding its ruptures and comparability. This dissertation thesis aims to show that the concept of system of cities and generic methods in urban geography are useful in the study of urban evolution over the long term in this space, to eventually better understand past trends and predict future ones. We confronted several statistical models with the observed urban dynamics and concluded that the macro-geographical structure of cities in the post-Soviet space was comparable to that of other systems of cities (hierarchy of sizes, spacing, functional differentiation). We also observed specific trajectories related to the size of the territory, natural resources, the recent demographic shrinkage and the effect of particular political decisions. This knowledge about observed evolutions has been included in an incremental approach of agent-based modelling. Starting from theoretical hypotheses about generative mechanisms, we tried to generate generic and specific stylised facts, with a model as parsimonious as possible. The progressive evaluation of increasingly complex models led to the satisfactory simulation of observed urban evolution and highlighted specific trajectories that “resist” modelling
Hefnawy, Ahmed. "Lifecycle-based Modeling of Smart City Ecosystem." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2014.
Full textSmart city system development, operation and maintenance are very complex tasks and involve numerous stakeholders from different disciplines and domains. In most cases, these systems are at different phases of design, deployment and operation, i.e. at different phases of lifecycle. Hence, lifecycle management concepts are very important to better manage smart city development as a complete ecosystem across different phases of lifecycle. This argument is supported by the findings of our smart city survey, where the information gathered from interviewed stakeholders proves the relevance of a lifecycle approach to address the identified nine concerns; non-alignment to strategic objectives, regulatory failure at different phases, delay in “time to market”, disjointed processes, difficult knowledge sharing and data traceability, inefficient and delayed exchange of data/ information, and inefficient and ineffective use of infrastructure.To address the abovementioned concerns, this thesis proposes the application of lifecycle management concepts in smart cities, which requires the introduction of the time notion to smart city modeling by adding the lifecycle viewpoint as a new dimension to the multi-layered architecture. The proposed smart city lifecycle-based approach consists of two components. First, the three-dimensional model that enables smart city developers to consider three viewpoints: Architecture Layers, Time (Lifecycle Phases), and Domains. Second, the interaction approach that enables integration between lifecycle management systems and IoT platforms. This approach is validated through a use-case of Smart Parking System, proposed as part of the FIFA World Cup™ 2022. The proposed smart parking system is strategically aligned to Smart Qatar objectives and connects all relevant stakeholders across the different lifecycle phases. To ensure semantic interoperability, the smart parking system uses the DATEX II standards for static and dynamic parking related data. Finally, the use-case focuses on the integration between lifecycle related data and IoT data through the interaction between Aras Innovator® lifecycle system (BoM construction, configuration management, etc.) and the O-MI/O-DF IoT Reference Implementation Platform (peer-to-peer publication and discovery of parking-related information in an aggregated form)
Azenzoul, Abderrahim. "Croissance et planification urbaine au Maroc." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR1D316.
Full textThe move towards faster and faster urbanization is one of distinctive aspects of the evolution of contempory society. Urban growth in morocco is essentially demographic. We can witness stringer regional discrepancies and an unbalanced urban hierarchy. If we tries today to draw summary conclusions from the growth of some large moroccan towns, the medinas and some regions (the urban atlantic axis), we can perceive that it is easier to find out negative aspects 5unemployment, brousing crisis) than positive ones. The accumulation of regional and urban problems makes one doubt the existence in morocco of a true, long term, controlled and efficient policy of urban development
Bonsu, Kofi. "Urban hierarchy and the analysis of spatial patterns : towards explicit fractal modelling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2021.
Full textThe thesis aims to explore the potential of empirical results in identifying urban centers and subcenters by utilizing built-up data extracted from freely-available remote sensing images and fractal analyses. It addresses the challenge of data unavailability in this context. While various methods have been employed in literature, such as minimum cut-off point, spatial statistical methods, and hedonic price method, these are predominantly based on the local context of developed nations, with limited studies focused on developing nations due to data scarcity. This research seeks to fill this gap by investigating the effectiveness of fractal geometry in explicitly identifying urban centers and subcenters, characterizing their spatial organization for urban growth analysis, and delineating urban growth patterns based on the spatial arrangement of urban centers, subcenters, and primary transportation networks. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informed urban planning and infrastructure decisions. Using the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) as a case study, freely available satellite images spanning from 1991 to 2022 were downloaded and classified using various techniques including random forest, support vector machine, and simple linear iterative cluster (SLIC) with K-Means to extract built-up patterns. A longitudinal analysis was conducted to assess the impact of urban growth on biodiversity, revealing shifts in land cover composition with built-up areas increasingly dominating over vegetation, leading to habitat fragmentation. Land cover and landscape patterns for 2030 were successfully predicted, emphasizing the importance of landscape connectivity and habitat fragmentation in evaluating ecological processes and urban development impacts. Furthermore, multi-radial fractal analysis and mathematical morphology were employed to identify urban centers and subcenters from remote sensing data, based on fractal dimensions and spatial organization. A conceptual urban growth model was developed to visualize expected urban expansion patterns. These findings contribute significantly to the identification and spatial organization of urban centers and subcenters, particularly in cities lacking adequate statistical or geospatial data, especially in developing countries. Replicating this methodology could contribute to a more comprehensive global database on cities
Diagana, Isyakha Mutin Georges. "Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1993/diagana_i.
Full textValy, Janique. "Croissance urbaine et risque inondation en Bretagne." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624646.
Full textCheick, Hamalla Fofana. "Développement industriel et croissance urbaine à Bamako." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040384.
Full textThis thesis speaks about the principle of creation of companies localized in Bamako on 1960 by state in aim to transform local products and to promote availability of employment for populations needing implantation industrial indispensable to resolve the problem of employment and to improve manufactured products in the capital. The capital includes migratory populations and forms mostly urban populations (of Mali) giving the possibility to increase active populations expecting employment and manufactured products
Simayi, Zibibula Zibibula. "La croissance urbaine de Korla, Xinjiang-Chine." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20030.
Full textThis thesis is a study divided into four parts. The first part is dedicated to the autonomous region Oui͏̈gour, Xinjiang, the situation of which it presents geo-economic and the transport system. The second part studies the demographic evolution and the urbanization, urban system of the city of Korla, prerequisite necessary for the third part which analyzes the urban economy and the alterations of this town. Finally, the last part proposes an analysis of the spatial economic planning of the territory of Korla. It is about, understanding and analysing the geographic dimensions of the economy of this city. Thus this subject analyzes, around these four research main axis, the place of the city of Korla in the urban economy of Xinjiang
Mauger-Fatome, Agnes. "Cherbourg 1720-1831 : démographie et croissance urbaine." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1122.
Full text8the history of cherbourg is characterised by its geographical position on a peninsula facing england, and by the interest shown by the great ones of the kingdom : dimplomatic relations with england shaped its fate in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Its population grouth followed the same pattern : it went through a decline in the wake of the destruction of the port and its fortifications by the english in august 1758. Then, from 1780 on, the huge maritime works undergone under louis xvi brought about a change in its population and the growth of the city which was then faced with an influx of rural people coming for the most part from the "clos du cotentin". This arrival of immigrants let to a switch in people's mentality and their attitude to demography : they learnt how to control births and to curb the death of childrens over 10. In that sense, cherbourg followed the same tendancy as the norman cities in the eighteenth century ; in that regard cherbourg's specificity did not constitute an asset in the charges that occured in the late eighteenth century
Diagana, Isyakha. "Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott." Lyon 2, 1993. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1993/diagana_i.
Full textIn 1958, Nouakchott (until then an ordinary village) was chosen to hold the political and administratve structures of the future independent state of Mauritania. Nouakchott has since continued to grow in importance, attracting populations from the country. It is today the economic an political hub of the Mauritania. This thesis examines the problems arising from the massive rural-urban exodus that has multiplied the population of nouakchott lany-fold in just three decades and the desorderly urbanisation that has come in its wake. Part one assesses population growth since 1958, especially as a consequence of the drought that has plagued the whole of the sahel region these last two decades+ part two analyses available infrastructure and installations. The objective is to come up with a typology of urban space as well as a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the creation of these new urban spaces. Using the example of two of the most districts in the town, part three examines the problems of unemployment and urban transportation in Nouakchott
Zerhouni, Mohammed. "Sefrou (Maroc) : géographie d'une croissance urbaine spontanée." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20051.
Full textIn this theses, the author analyses the recent urban growth of a medium size moroccan town : sefrou (50. 000 inhabitants in 1992), the specific mechanisms of this growth lead us to say that sefrou obeys to a process of self-urbanization where opportunism and spontaneity prevail, both at the level of real estate and construction. On the one hand, most of the land where houses have already been built in accordance with regulations or illegally, was plotted directly by its owners. The latters are often born of old peasant families from sefrou who transformed their farming land into building land in order to improve thein living standards (extra-muros residences, monthly revenues from rents). On the other hand, the plots generated from these family operation exceeding the needs of the operations are sold to households from sefrou and also to immigrants. In the absence of necessary financial means, these people carry out the building operations by themselves in the town centre where constructing is regularized as well as in the outskirts where it is not
Dziwonou, Yao. "Croissance urbaine et mecanismes fonciers au togo." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20006.
Full textUrban growth and the mecanisms of landownership. The urban areas of be and kpalime, two towns of togo, indicates seriousness and the urgency of land use problems related, on the one hand, to the phenomena of urban growth and the combination of customary landownership law and the administrative procedures of urban land use on the other hand. The inaccessibility of urban land to all the town dwellers, the difficulty of planning the methods of its occupation and the phenomenon of the segregation of the shelter which result from the uncontrolable rise of the cost of land makes us consider the cadastre as a spatial instrument of urban management and of the resolution of the conflicts related to social production and urban space
Dziwonou, Yao. "Croissance urbaine et mécanismes fonciers au Togo." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604785g.
Full textDayomi, Abiodun. "Croissance urbaine et transports urbains a Lagos (Nigéria)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX32056.
Full textPublic transportations accounts for about 70% of passenger movements in the lagos metropolis. But it suffers from serious problems that we've chosen to analyse systematically in the study with a view to finding reasons that go beyond simple "supply and demand" (including intermediate transports) and infrastructure to political, economic and historical determinants that have formed what is known as lagos today. These we can reconstitute by the analysis of: - land use; - the policy of "all automobile-all routes" programme of the 70; -an economic model based on revenue derived from the oil industry and an economic engine room based on the motor industry; -institutional and regional conflicts that have contributed informing the metropolis. The above explain: -the unplanned urbanisation of the agglomeration; -rapid changes dand urban decay; -inadequate transport infrastructure and a transport demand met only by "intermediate" means. The supply side which has been on the decline since 1975 relative to a fast- growing population (6 millions) whose income has more than doubled in 10 years- and which has a 43% motorisation level -has note escaped the attention of the authorities but nothing tangible was done until the metro project was launched in 1981. This project -now suspended - was expected at its completion to facilitate passenger-movements, a re-organisation of surface transport and an urbain renewal of the central areas and the integration of far-flung areas on the urbain fringe. But the economic crisis in the country - due principally to the fall in price of the only revenue-earner (petrol) - has led to the suspension of the project. We have thus proposed a low-cost replacement of the above project. The urban railway proposed will use the existing right-of-way of the n. R. C. Thereby cutting costs and improving the viabilite. A series of financial means is also included. N. R. C. : nigerian railway corporation
Yaseri, Hassan Al. "Les incidences de la croissance urbaine en Irak." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10001.
Full textDayomi, Abiodun. "Croissance urbaine et transports urbains à Lagos, Nigeria." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375969856.
Full textSaidi, Jamila. "La Croissance urbaine de la ville de Nador." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376009612.
Full textSaidi, Jamila. "La croissance urbaine de la ville de nador (maroc)." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20080.
Full textJari, Driss. "Dynamique et croissance urbaine de la ville de Khénifra." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POITA002.
Full textKangulungu, Mbahu. "Les Formes récentes de la croissance urbaine de Kinshasa." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040405.
Full textLiu, Chun-Ya. "Régimes politiques, développement économique et croissance urbaine de Taiwan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H015.
Full textThis thesis provides a macro-regional reading of the urbanization process in Taiwan since its origins, over a period or four centuries. The characteristics or city growth arc captured in relation to the development strategies of the various regimes on the island. The method intersects a historical approach with geographic information techniques (QGIS software) to spatialize historical processes. The Taiwanese territory has been essentially dominated by exogenous or colonial powers, while al the same time being the support of intense ethnic mixing, notably by the influx of migrants from the Chinese mainland. Taiwan's economic and urban development has thus found itself at the interface of Western and Eastern spatial strategies of domination. The Western powers developed port cities as part of a colonial strategy embedded in world trade, while the Eastern countries pursued a more continental strategy. The country's capital, Taipei, experienced a less pronounced process or urban primacy than its East Asian counterparts. This betrays a more balanced urban growth, concentrated however in the western part of the island, along a north-south continental transport axis linking two major port hubs. The thesis shows that Taiwan met the criteria or a "developmental state" (Johnson, 1982) productivist strategy during the authoritarian period of the KMT, but that this is no longer the case in the democratic era due to the weakening of the economic pilot agency and the relocation of a large part of the Taiwanese industrial apparatus to China
Azougagh, Abdellatif. "Les formes de la croissance urbaine peripherique a tetouan." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10042.
Full textClandestine urbanisatin constitues the dominant type of urban development on the periphery of tetouan. This is mainly as a result of rural immigration and disfavoured social groups, it also reflects the problems of land control in resolving the housing problem and stopping land speculation. In order to correct this problem, the state camed out the "dersa-samsa" development project. In spite of the partial nature of this operation it's success was limited. The staturory developement on the periphery of tetouan is represented by two types of action; council estates : limited numbers destined for solvent groups, private estates aimed at the same clientele and which also have imited spatial expansion and are generally smaller in size. These programmes are confronted by other problems linked to their poor fonctioning. Under the influence of this impressive urban dynamism, the immidiate rural periphery has undergone considerable socio-spatial transformations, characterised by a rapid proliferation of the "urban habitat". On the other land agricultural activity has retreated, threatened also by industrial establishment. Developed without the necessary equipement, the urban periphery of tetouan is utherly dependant on the towne center; it's malfunction is blatant
Achergui, Zakaria. "Dynamiques urbaines et impacts du modèle de croissance déséquilibrée : le cas du Maroc." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10029.
Full textIn morocco, the politics of space planning are obstructed by the financial restrictions. On the expectation of the rush of foreign private investment, the spatial organisation is tending toward a dangerous drift : anarchical urbanisation, increasing spatial and social disparities, deficient economic groundbase of urban spaces. .
Al, Khalifeh Safouk. "L'apport de la télédétection dans l'observation de l'étalement urbain : l'exemple de l'agglomération d'Avignon-France." Avignon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AVIG1059.
Full textUrban sprawl is a major phenomenon associated with urbanization worldwide. The purpose of this thesis is to study this sprawl in a medium-sized town of France, Avignon, using remote sensing. A database containing 5 dates, 1945, 1973, 1990, 2000, 2005 was set up with a classification at the meso and micro levels to monitor the major stages in the evolution of land use and occupation forms. It is the morphological dimension of the urban and non-urban territory which is analyzed to monitor the sprawl process, looking for their identity and the possible discontinuity between them. For that purpose, indicators are formed through a hexagonal grid independent from any administrative border. These indicators are classically categories of land use and urban landscape, others involve the form characteristics, through fractals and variables associated with them. The study resulted in the identification process of urban sprawl (extension, emergence, mutation, densification) and describes in a quantitative way a morphological urban transition transforming a town surrounded by farmland into a territory that has kept the town intact, but where new forms were added at different periods of time, big blocks of flats, housing and commercial areas, at the expense of agriculture. The existence of previous small urban centres as well as communication routes have guided the urban expansion. This study shows how a medium-sized town of France underwent a general process, with special models
Nguyen, Nga. "Modélisation de la croissance des villes." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931857.
Full textMir, Youness. "Modélisation mathématique et courbes de croissance." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6026.
Full textAnnen, Catherine. "Modélisation de la croissance des volcans." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF22115.
Full textKa, Ndéné. "Modélisation de la croissance pro-pauvre." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD038/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the econometric approach to pro-poor growth. It presents theoretical and empirical contributions. First, it presents the different definitions, indices and the policies of pro-poor growth proposed in the theoretical literature. It also examines the theoretical and empirical models on the interactions between income distribution and growth. It shows that the traditional measures, in addition to their partial characters, can lead to contradictory results. To avoid these limits this thesis emphasizes the alternative approach by using econometric models. The latter approach, although it has the advantage of including all the dimensions of poverty, suffering from two types of bias: selection bias and bias of endogeneity. These are due to the limitations of the data: measurement error, outliers. In addition, the results obtained with this approach are sensitive to selected functional forms. So, There are good reasons to use the Gini regression. Unfortunately, the Gini regressions existed only cross sectional and time series. Thus, in a second time, this thesis proposes to extend the Gini regression on the panel. It introduces within and between estimators, the individual effect test and the Gini Aitken estimator. Finally, this thesis presents empirical applications that illustrate the robustness of our estimators. She is particularly interested in the consequences of the estimation method and the sample section. It concludes that the growth process promotes poverty reduction when income inequalities are overcome. But also, the impact of agricultural growth on poverty reduction varies depending on the country's level of development
Tenfour, Mohamed. "Skikda, Algérie : croissance, organisation et pratiques urbaines." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32014.
Full textSkikda, a coastal town situated in the north-east of algeria was up until 1962 a colonial center (philippeville) and a port serving a rich agricultural area. Today, with its 130000 inhabitants the town is central to the region (wilaya) and known for its petro-chemical industry and its port which handles petrol and oil products. This change that the town has undergone was not accompanied by a consequential urbanisation, the town was never in a position to provide sufficient structures to accomodate its population. As concerns the town's space and morphology, the recent extension which was carried out without any overail plan had as consequence the formation of a built-up space, which consists of a conglomeration of different zones which are badly linked up to the urban core : there is a town-center which is more or less structured by nears road signs and the localization of urban amenities, and a space newly created by the local authorities for estates of flats, or by individuals (slum sites). This situation plays an important role in the everyday life of the inhabitants and complicates the reality of urban life from the point of view of urban pratices and social relationships, such as work, pleasure, shopping facilities, meeting-places, generally speaking. . . Life in society. How does one go about everyday life in urban skikda ? this is what we have tried to study by means of research on the urban pratices on three levels : 1 - the housing space : the inadequate housing facilities for the population is not only the origin of domestic quarrels, but also the cause of built up sites due to individual modifi- cations which were not submitted to any control. 2 - the residential space : on this level due to a lack of facilities and amenities, the urban pratices are still in their embryonic stage : dormitory for the adults, play areas for children. 3 - the central space : the town center is characterized by its intense activity due to the favourability of the concentration of facilities but also by the lie of the land which lends itself easily to informal and spontaneous meeting-places. This study has allowed us to demonstrate that the morphological and spacial organization of the town has repercussions
Zerouali, Allal. "Couloir de Taza : croissance urbaine et évolution du milieu rural." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30020.
Full textCapriles, Mercédès. "Ciudad Losada : une réponse à la croissance urbaine de Caracas." Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A027.
Full textAIT, BRAHIM ABDELLAH. "Croissance urbaine et politique d'amenagement : l'habitat sous - integre a meknes." Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30010.
Full textUnder-intergrated districts appear as the physical expression of segregationnist mode of production. Different logiary programms (b. M. O. Oujeh arous , sidi baba. . . ) has been engaged, but without the expected results. These programms have been oriented towards the creation of urbain markets, the reproduction of a part of the work-power and of a reformist way to cover the loging crisis. It is time that throughout the history of morocco, important socio-economic shakings have been produced,. . . Nevertheless, the sum total of the state policy has always fallowed the same path. All the solutions to eliminate the forms of the under-intergrated urbainincreases, proposed up to now, have not touched the core of the problem. If many families were able to leave certain under-integrated districts, and that the local anthorities have tried to avoid the birth of new concentrations, this could but to remedy only certain consequences. The problem of the under-integrated distrects remains entire and is getting worse
Anouche, Karima. "La croissance d'Alger, crise de l'habitat : essais de planification urbaine." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100171.
Full textBourgeois, Marc. "Impacts écologiques des formes d'urbanisation : modélisations urbaines et paysagères." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1029/document.
Full textThe global increase of urbanization during the past decades have induced a progressive artificialization of natural environments. The building of transport infrastructures and new housings causes a landscape fragmentation in an irreversible way and a strong decrease of the connectivity of ecological habitats. Maintaining the functionality of ecological networks is becoming a major goal of sustainable urban planning policies. With a special focus on urban evolutions in the horizon 2030 in the urban area of Besançon in eastern France (residential development and road traffic evolutions), this thesis aims to assess the potential impact of urban forms on landscape connectivity of animal species’ ecological networks. This research work promotes a modelling approach both on the field of theoretical and quantitative geography and landscape ecology.This approach follows three main steps: (1) simulating residential development and its associated road traffic changes using five prospective scenarios of differentiated urban forms; (2) modelling landscape graphs of various animal species using land-cover maps and ecological data; (3) assessing the potential impacts of each scenario on ecological networks from these graphs using connectivity metrics, with measures of the connectivity decrease attributable to each residential development scenario. Contrary to sprawled cities, the results show that compact and dense urban forms best promote the maintenance of ecological connectivity for the majority of species groups. Further analysis highlights the great contribution of road traffic evolutions regarding the ecological impacts of each scenario.According to some sensitivity analysis, the model used is quite robust. It demonstrates the interest of modelling in the decision-making process for environmental conservation and urban planning to think out the city of tomorrow in a sustainable way
Sebald, Gaël. "Nouveaux monocristaux à forte conversion piézoélectrique : croissance, modélisation, modélisation et caractérisation." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0049/these.pdf.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the crystal growth and characterization of (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb1/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals. Next to an overview of the Bridgman crystal growth process, the crystallographic and electromechanical properties are investigated. Compared to PZT ceramics, the specific electromechanical behaviors are correlated with crystallographic considerations. Resonance nonlinearities are modeled using a third order development of the standards equations set of piezoelectricity. Moreover an hysteresis model is presented and illustrated through the example of a soft PZT ceramic. Finally an application of the lateral mode is developed in order to compare performances of single crystals with PZT ceramics. The results clearly show the advantages of these single crystals
Liège, Sylvain. "Modélisation déclarative incrémentale : application à la conception urbaine." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2089.
Full textRedon, Emilie. "Modélisation de la végétation urbaine comme régulateur thermique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30240/document.
Full textVegetation influences the urban climate, from road to city scale. Street trees implementation is an alternative technic to reduce the urban heat island and to improve the thermal comfort. They modify the radiative and energetic balances by intercepting and absorbing a part of the solar radiation, provide shade, increase the humidity with evapotranspiration, and alter the air flow in the urban canyons. The TEB model is one the rare urban climate models taking into account vegetation. It integrates parameterizations dedicated to low vegetation and green roofs. It can represent the small-scale interactions between mineral surfaces, vegetation and the atmosphere. During this PhD thesis, a parameterization has been developed to model the radiative, energetic and dynamical effects of street and garden trees in urban spaces. An explicit tree canopy has been integrated into the urban canyon, above gardens but also streets. The ISBA vegetation scheme has been used, and included in TEB, to represent these vegetated entities (both low and high strata). The radiative computations of the TEB model have been improved in order to represent the shading and attenuation of radiation due to trees, as well as all the infra-red interactions between the urban elements. An evaluation of the radiative budget has been done thanks to a comparison with the high- resolution architectural model SOLENE, using numerous different urban canyons with several layouts of tree canopies. Then, the energy fluxes computed by ISBA have been dis- aggregated between contributions from high and low vegetation. Fluxes allocated to the trees have been redistributed on the vertical in order to alter the microclimate at realistic height, i.e. respecting the position of the tree crown. A specific drag force of trees on the airflow is simulated. An evaluation has been done on a real experimental site in a canyon-like courtyard with trees where several microclimatic data were collected. The results show an impressive improvement of the surface temperatures of walls and ground, air temperature and wind speed. In the future, these implementations will allow to simulate more realistically several adaptation strategies using greening at city scale, and to evaluate their efficiency in terms of urban heat island mitigation, improvement of human comfort and building energy consumption
Verbavatz, Vincent. "Modélisation des systèmes urbains." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASP066.
Full textCities surprise and interest a large and long-standing scientific community of economists, sociologists, geographers and historians, in which physicists and mathematicians also have their word. Cities are surprising because they exist, which is anything but obvious and reflects the essential fact that individuals are prone to group together. Cities are interesting because they are developing to the point where they have become the primary context of human life on Earth, and understanding them properly has become a global issue. Finally, it is critical to note that cities are similar across civilizations despite the multiplicity of individualities that underlie them.The urban phenomenon and the empirical similarities between the cities of the world invite us to look for common causes: this is the grounding reason for a science of cities in which we place ourselves. Our quantitative work is unique in its methodology, which stems from statistical physics, but threefold in its objectives.We focus on urban demography, the main variable of urban systems, of which we study both the static distribution and the dynamic evolution, proposing a new law of urban growth.We also study the social dynamics of cities, which characterize the economic interactions between individuals and the dynamics of segregation and gentrification. Finally, we aim at describing urban transportation, the networks on which cities rely, and quantify the non-trivial environmental and economic consequences of the interplay between private and public transport